Historian Boris Yulin continues to delight with materials that debunk Russophobic and anti-Soviet myths with logic, facts and common sense. His new article came out, exposing the handshake nonsense, that the Stalinist Gulag and the Nazi concentration camps were similar systems.
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Boris Yulin
Historical educational program. How is the Gulag different from the concentration camps of the West
Once upon a time, tired of listening to phrases like “Stalin and Hitler were no different from poorly educated citizens, they both rotted millions of people in concentration camps,” wrote a short note about this. Now I hear the same moans again. And I feel that it's time to write a little more detailed.
So, everyone knows that in the USSR under Stalin, and in the Third Reich under Hitler, millions of people were kept in concentration camps.
Stop!
And everyone who knows this, do they even know what a concentration camp is? No, of course, you can tell each other about the terrible concentration camps and even mention it in documents. But there is also a meaning to the term.
Are there concentration camps in Russia now? It seems not, and everyone condemns the Stalinist practice. But let's take, for example, the Kopeysk corrective labor colony No. 6 (strict regime). This, now existing, colony was founded in 1946 under Stalin. That is, it was a "Stalinist concentration camp"? What has changed in her now? Nothing but changes related to common development society and technology (such as converting a boiler house from coal to gas).
So now we have concentration camps? Or were they not then?
What is a forced labor camp or a corrective labor colony?
There is no secret here - this is part of the Federal Penitentiary Service. That part of it, where they serve their sentences in the form of imprisonment for the terms specified in the sentences of the judiciary, and at the same time they are re-educated by labor. So it was under Stalin.
That is, attention (!), only those who violated the then laws fell into the “Stalinist camps”, according to the verdict of the then judicial authorities for the periods specified by these authorities. And nothing else.
You can argue a lot about the injustice of the laws of the Stalin era. But laws change everywhere, and what seemed fair yesterday seems arbitrary today. And vice versa. Here in the USA, less than a century ago, pederasts "flyed" for terms of up to 25 years in the most severe prisons. And today you can’t even tell them that you don’t love them. That is, you can not like redheads, communists, and even people with sweaty palms - but you cannot buggers.
In the same way, views changed on the plunderers of socialist property or saboteurs, on people like kulaks who illegally (at that time) were engaged in usury. Now it is even impossible to imagine a “landing” of a person for speculation, but one can easily imagine a “landing” for non-payment of taxes.
Some call "extrajudicial reprisals" the sentences of the "triples", pointing to the Constitution. But they simply forget that in the USSR the Constitution was not Holy Scripture, but only an instrument in the hands of the workers' and peasants' state, which was directly stated.
So the “troikas” created by the government within the existing powers were a completely legal (under the laws of that time) judicial body. And the sentences of the “troikas” were completely legal.
And what is the difference between concentration camps and labor camps?
The difference follows even from the name.
A concentration camp, unlike a correctional labor camp, is not a place for serving sentences for breaking the law.
One cannot enter a concentration camp by decision of the judicial authorities, just as one cannot enter a labor camp without their decision.
It is impossible to leave the concentration camp after the expiration of the sentence, since there is no sentence itself.
Concentration camps appeared more than a century ago. And they served to concentrate (gather and retain) any part of the population on a formal basis. The inventors of concentration camps - the British - kept Boer families there, kept them in terrible conditions, sometimes shooting hostage parties until the resistance of the male Boers ceased completely.
Here the German Nazis had concentration camps. No, there was also a judicial system with prisons. And many people ended up in these prisons by decision of the German courts. Concentration camps existed in parallel with the German penitentiary system. And Jews, gypsies, Soviet soldiers who were not lucky enough to be captured by the Wehrmacht, and many others fell into them.
Concentration camp prisoners worked and died. But they did not count on being released, because they had no terms of imprisonment, there were no articles under which they were imprisoned. They were supposed to be in concentration camps until they died.
They also worked in ITL, and some even died. But they knew what they were sitting for and how long they were in jail. And the majority went "to freedom with a clear conscience." Most of the prisoners of the German concentration camps were destroyed, and the survivors were not liberated by the Germans, but by the Allied forces, who defeated the Germans and occupied the territory of Germany.
So the conclusion is simple and obvious - under Stalin there were no concentration camps in our country, just as there are none now. There was and is a system of execution of punishments, in the camps and colonies of which those who have violated the law and who have been sentenced by the judiciary are serving their sentences (fair or not - it happens in every way). Under Stalin, many people served their sentences in ITL, many of them there and now. Although, by the way, it is less than now in the United States (not only now it is less - under Stalin, too, people were sitting less).
Are there concentration camps? Yes, I have. For example, the United States, a stronghold of world democracy, created a concentration camp at its base in Guantanomo. There, without a decision of the judiciary, are various people captured in Afghanistan and some other places. They have neither the status of prisoners of war, nor the status of accused or convicted. Many have been in prison for more than a decade and have no idea when they will be released and whether they will be released at all.
By the way, during World War II, there were also concentration camps in the United States, where they kept their citizens of German and Asian origin just in case. Although, we must pay tribute, they kept in much best conditions than the Germans kept their own and foreign citizens.
So those who compare Hitler and Stalin and rest on the subject of concentration camps are lying consciously or out of deep ignorance. In the USSR concentration camps after completion civil war have not practiced. And if you really want to compare Hitler with someone and remember the concentration camps - this is for the Americans or, adjusted for time, for the British.
The concentration camps that today are associated with the Third Reich death factories and the Soviet Gulag were actually invented long before World War II.
But first you need to define what is meant by the word "concentration camp". If this is a place of detention with terrible conditions, then concentration camps have existed for almost the entire history of mankind.
Before the advent of human rights, prisoners of war were never treated with ceremony. However, if we talk about a concentration camp as a place where people are kept precisely for the purpose of slowly reducing their numbers, then humanity thought of this only at the end of the 19th century.
American Civil War
The very first concentration camps were POW camps during the American Civil War. For example, Andersonville, which was built by southerners in Georgia. The conditions there were terrible: northern prisoners were dying of starvation, and their photographs are difficult to distinguish from those of Dachau prisoners. Infectious diseases flourished, which at that time still could not be cured.
However, the life of the camp overseers did not differ much from the life of prisoners of war. The fact is that by the end of the war, the Confederate States were experiencing a severe food crisis. They had nothing to feed and treat their own soldiers, not to mention prisoners of war.
Therefore, the Andersonville guards ate from the same cauldron with the prisoners and suffered from the same diseases with them. The prisoners of this camp became victims not of deliberate extermination, but of general critical situation throughout the warring American South.
When the camp was liberated in 1865, photographs of its prisoners had the effect of a bombshell. All of America was shocked by the barbaric treatment of prisoners of war. The southerners, who lost the war, decided to shift the blame on the camp commandant, Henry Wirtz. He quickly created the image of a cruel sadist who abused prisoners of war for his own pleasure. After a fairly quick trial, he was executed.
Northern concentration camps, about which much less is known (history is written by the winner), were sometimes even more terrible places. For example, the death rate at Camp Douglas in Michigan was 10% (compared to 9% at Andresonville).
Most of the prisoners lived in tents all year round, and sub-zero temperatures in Michigan winters are not uncommon. The toilets were huge pits, the contents of which leaked into tanks with drinking water. Prisoners were forced to wear sacks instead of clothes to limit their ability to escape.
The punishment system in this camp was truly sadistic: prisoners were hung up by their feet, or put barefoot in a snowdrift for several hours.
Boer War
England had long tried to enslave the small but proud Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange in South Africa. And the Boers, the descendants of the Dutch colonists, offered them worthy resistance. They organized partisan detachments in which even women and children fought. Everything came to the point that the British command came to the need to exterminate these people.
All peaceful Boers - that is, women, children and incapacitated, who were found by English soldiers, were herded into sectors fenced with barbed wire. Their villages and fields were burned. By the end of 1901, about 120-160 thousand people were kept in such concentration camps - half of all Boers. 26 thousand of them - one in five - died from starvation and epidemics. 13 thousand of them are children.
The Boer camps were varied, some of them relatively accommodating, while others were terrible places that were not easy to survive. Some camps were tents in which prisoners were crowded, who were given only a blanket from all the utensils. Interestingly, the British government, in order to preserve the image, called these concentration camps "places of salvation", and the captured Boers - "guests of the British Empire."
World War I
All participating countries organized POW camps. Often they had unbearable conditions, and people died in huge numbers. But this was more the result of economy and management errors than deliberate extermination. But during the First World War, there were precedents of real concentration camps aimed at the destruction of certain groups of the population.
During the genocide of Rusyns, concentration camps first appeared in Europe. Thalerhof concentration camp in Austria, through which about 20,000 prisoners passed from September 4, 1914 to May 10, 1917, a quarter of them were executed or died from disease and hunger.
The prisoners of the camp were Rusyns - a small people of the eastern outskirts of Austria-Hungary, who sympathized with the Russian people. The Rusyns were seen by the authorities of the empire as dangerous collaborators, so it was decided to destroy them. The camp prisoners lived in tents and slept on straw until the middle of the winter of 1914-1915.
The concentration camps can also be attributed to the camps for displacement, which were created in Ottoman Empire during the Armenian genocide in 1915-1916. Armenians massively moved to remote regions of the empire. This was done in order to divide the people. At the same time, an indication was given of a “downsizing”, so the organizers of the movements maintained terrible conditions from which people died. A total of 700,000 Armenians passed through the displacements in 1915-1916.
These camps were built in the desert areas of present-day southeastern Turkey and northern Syria. They were tents made from different pieces of fabric that stood very close to each other. Food for the prisoners was not provided as such, except in rare cases. However, if the prisoner had money, he could buy himself both food and a more secure tent. The poor were doomed to a miserable existence and, often, to starvation.
Administrator | 03/26/2012 13:41
Your attention is a material devoted to one of the most taboo topics - the Soviet death camps in the Gulag system. This is quite extensive material - so get ready to spend your time.
This topic, when published, is immediately overgrown with “nihilists” from virtual Young Soviets, neo-Bolsheviks, Rusomirs and other imperialists.
They immediately begin to howl about the “liberals from the State Department”, who invent “fables about our Teacher the Great Comrade Stalin” and discredit the “God-pleasing Great Russia"and" God's Chosen Great Russian People.
In general, the new generation of "throwers of Hitler with hats" is cherished. The herd confidently grows stronger and breeds.
The persons submitting the material are also to blame for this attitude to information. For example, Sergey Melnikoff (1), who presents the material in an overly biased way. Although it is probably difficult to expect anything else from a person who “loves with all his heart” Great Russia. Making allowance for the emotionality of Melnikoff's materials, and in this he does not differ from his friends from Russkaga Miru, his articles are talented and well supplied with documentary material.
Therefore, the compiler carried out extensive digging on the net on this little-known topic and relatively dry material was issued on the mountain.
Why was it possible that what will be discussed?
Because in a country with the mentality of the Horde despotism, a person, his life, meant absolutely nothing.
Initially, a person and his environment in Russia for power is a source of tribute, yasak. A sheep that is fed myths and disposed of after working off.
This was superimposed on the Bolshevik-Stalin era with talented psychopaths in power and the fascist ideology of creating a “new and the right person in a new society", cleansed of "an alien and wrecking element that hinders the construction of a new world." And in such an ideology, as you know, the end justifies any means. Especially when the spiders in the jar have a survival issue. You can see the prerequisites for this.
Hence, a priori, the prisoners of the Gulag were considered subhuman, inferior creatures, slaves, destined to build a brighter future with subsequent disposal. AND NO MORE. And since the tyrant Dzhugashvili was burning under his ass, millions of “non-humans” were needed to modernize an eternally backward country, always catching up with modernization. The executioners of the leader of all peoples successfully carried out the plan to drive the sheep, propaganda troubadours helped them in this. Therefore, what is wild to the modern layman or what modern mankurts do not want to hear about was easy in those years. As well as the burning of "witches" and "enemies of the church" by the Holy Inquisition is an absolutely common thing in its time. Only there it was not a total genocide of their people.
Hence, the position of the German fascists was both honest and bold. All the same, destroying the inhabitants of foreign territories is more natural than covering your ass with the meat of millions of your fellow citizens. The Russian-Soviet fascists were in fact much more deceitful and much more cowardly.
As always, you can hear hysterical rebuttals that all kinds of damned Jews and Georgians were doing this, and the good Great Russian God-pleasing people had nothing to do with it and also suffered. As for the suffering, yes, but the rest is a lie. Moreover, it was the Russians who were the foundation and conductor on which the power and ideology of bloody ghouls like Stalin, this talented dullness, was built.
It was on the Russian soil of the epileptic “chosenness of God” and the Black-Hundred chauvinism of the infringed mob that the seeds of the idea of Bolshevism fell and were cultivated, about Russia as the beacon of communism for the whole world. The Germans lost the war, but they don't groan from them that the vile Austrian is to blame for everything.
WITHOUT THE TOTAL SUPPORT OF THIS BY THE GERMANS AND RUSSIANS, INFRINGED IN THEIR COMPLEXES, NEITHER HITLER NOR STALIN WOULD NEVER BE ABLE TO PERFORM THEIR ASTRICTS.
BUT FOR THE PROMISED "GETTING UP FROM THE KNEES THAT EVERYONE IS AFRAID" - THE INFRINGED GERMAN AND THE RUSSIAN WENT TO EVERYTHING. UKRAINE AND BELARUS, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THIS CASE WERE AN EXPENDABLE MATERIAL FOR THE RUSSIAN AND GERMAN CROWD DEVELOPED BY COMPLEXES.
In general, it was written not at all in order to pinch the "God-pleasing and God-chosen people", but for the balance of justice. And so that those who refuse to remember their history will repeat it again.
From myself I will say (comment by the compiler) - I saw this in childhood. The remains of the Berievskaya Transpolar Railway near Salekhard (Tyumen Region) (2). It is perceived mystically as a lost civilization. Like the greatness of the Egyptian pyramids, erected to the glory of the whims of their masters on the blood and bones of thousands of subhuman slaves who died in torment. And which stand as a dumb and useless monument to the bloody complexes of the pharaohs. It's fun to look at the pyramids while riding a camel nearby. But I am sure that none of the mortals would like to be involved in this greatness from the other side - suffocating from hard labor for life and stone dust, coughing up the lungs with blood to the glory of the whims of the pharaoh's psychopath, who imagines himself to be God over other creatures.
In this video you can see what it looks like now what I saw as a child. Nothing changed.
In addition to the main material, comments will be given to complete the picture, indicating the sources.
Delving into the topic, you can see here the abandoned objects of the Death Valley in the Magadan region (3) and here (4) descriptions.
Here you will find an excellent description with documents, rationale and prerequisites for the creation of concentration camps in the USSR (5). An excellent selection of information for all years.
BRIEFLY, IT CAN BE SUMMARY AS FOLLOWING - THE COMPLETE FAILURE OF THE SOVIET ECONOMY, THE MELLOWNESS OF ITS "GREAT LEADERS", THEIR EXTREMELY AND UNHEALTHY AMBITIONS REQUIRE ONE - MANY MILLIONS OF FREE SLAVES FOR THEIR WORKING AND UTILIZATION. At the moment, the slogan of the resource “Dedicated to everyone who created the mineral resource base of modern Russia” looks like a cruel mockery. Although, of course, the authors of the site are not to blame. This is a resource for geologists.
By the way, almost all pre-war giant enterprises of the western part of the USSR were built on the seas of blood of the Ukrainians of the South-East.
The scheme is simple: blockade of Ukrainian villages - selected grain - cheap dumping to the West - American technologies and engineers - plants named after. Great Teacher and Leader comrade Stalin.
The by-product of the scheme was a small trifle - one of the most massive genocides in the history of mankind. The murders of Ukrainians were so large-scale that all Western newspapers wrote about them, more about this -. But no one helped - his own skin is closer to the body. NO ONE CAN HELP NOW! Ukraine, its corrupt "elites" will surrender immediately. Given that most of them are fed by foreign rations. Now there are no Ukrainians left in the South-East - only Khokhols without memory and brought to the place of the murdered katsaps.
In general, everything is according to the phrase allegedly expressed by Zhukov (in the authenticity of this or a similar phrase from the butcher Zhukov, a devotee Stalin's dog, I doubt a little) - “ALL KHOKHOLS-TRAITORS! THE MORE WE FLOOD IN THE DNEPR, THE LESS THEN, AFTER THE WAR, WE WILL HAVE TO BE SENT TO SIBERIA!”
Siberian prisoners
“... In 1946, uranium deposits were found in various regions of the Soviet Union. Uranium was found in Kolyma, in the Chita region, in Central Asia, in Kazakhstan, in Ukraine and the North Caucasus, near Pyatigorsk. The development of uranium deposits, especially in remote areas, is a very difficult task.
The first batches of domestic uranium began to arrive only in 1947 from the Leninabad mining and chemical plant in the Tajik SSR, built in record time. In the nuclear Gulag system, this plant was known only as "Construction-665".
The uranium mining sites were kept secret until 1990. Even the workers in the mines didn't know about the uranium. Officially, they mined "special ore", and instead of the word "uranium" in the documents of that time it was written "lead".
The uranium deposits in the Kolyma were poor. Nevertheless, a mining plant and a camp attached to it were also created here. Butugychag
This camp is described in Anatoly Zhigulin's story "Black Stones", but even he did not know that uranium was being mined here.
In 1946, uranium ore from Butugychag was sent to the "mainland" by plane. It was too expensive, and in 1947 an enrichment plant was built here ... "
Roy Medvedev, Zhores Medvedev: Stalin and the Atomic Bomb. Russian newspaper, December 21, 1999, page 7
"Valley of Death" is a documentary story about special uranium camps in the Magadan region. Doctors in this top-secret zone conducted criminal experiments on the brains of prisoners.
Rebuking Nazi Germany in the genocide, the Soviet government, in deep secrecy, at the state level, put into practice an equally monstrous program. It was in such camps, under an agreement with the CPSU (b), that Hitler's special brigades were trained and gained experience in the mid-30s.
The results of this investigation were widely covered by many world media. Alexander Solzhenitsin also participated in a special TV show hosted live by the NHK of Japan (by phone).
"Valley of Death" is a rare piece of evidence that captures the true face of the Soviet government and its vanguard: VChK-NKVD-MGB-KGB.
Sergey Melnikov
BUTUGYCHAG (LOCAL NAME "VALLEY OF DEATH") - Separate Camp Point No. 12 Control. PO Box 14 GULAG.
Butugychag was directly subordinated to Upr. PO Box 14 (engaged in the extraction and enrichment of uranium for Soviet atomic weapons).
Separate Camp Point No. 12, organized in 1950, included camp units (mines) located around the Butugychag ridge, along the Nelkobe and in the area of the Okhotnik spring, as well as a uranium ore enrichment plant: comb. No. 1.
The total number of workers employed in mining is building. work and logging, as of 01.05.50 - 1204 people, of which 321 were women, 541 were convicted of criminal offenses.
Between 1949 and 1953 on the territory of the camp, the cassiterite mine "Gornyak" of the Tenkinsky ITL DALSTROY worked, developing the Butugychagskoye deposit, discovered by B.L. Flerov in 1936
The place got its name when hunters and nomadic tribes of reindeer herders from the Egorovs, Dyachkovs and Krokhalevs, wandering along the Detrin River, came across a huge field dotted with human skulls and bones, and when the deer in the herd began to get sick with a strange disease - at first their wool fell out on legs, and then the animals lay down and could not get up. Mechanically, this name passed to the remains of the Beria camps of the 14th branch of the Gulag. 
Concentrating plant for uranium ore. BUTUGYCHAG
The counter showed 58 ...
In 1937, the Dalstroy trust, which was developing the Kolyma, began mining the second metal after gold - tin. Among the first mining enterprises of this profile was the Butugychag mine, which for several years was simultaneously explored and produced planned production. Residential and outbuildings for it were erected by prisoners of a camp trip organized here, which later grew into a separate camp (OLP) of the same name.
From the moment of its organization in 1937, the Butugychag mine was part of the YuGPU - the Southern Mining Directorate. The chief geologist of this department G.A. On April 20, 1938, Kechek noted in one of his memorandums: “Work was carried out at the Butugychag field throughout the year. First in very small volumes, and then in several large ones. The scope of work was limited by the amount of cargo delivered: food and technical.
The Butugychag mine was a complex complex - factories: sorting and processing, bromsberg, thermal power plant. Sumy pumps were mounted in a chamber carved into the rock. Gone are the galleries. They built a village of two-story log houses ...
Butugychag Mine – Horizontal adits
Shoe piles
I remember the head of the camp point of the Scout mine, who tied (not personally, of course) exhausted, exhausted, the so-called enemies of the people, to the tails of horses, and in this way they were dragged to the faces for three to four kilometers. During this operation, the camp orchestra played the most bravura marches.
Addressing all of us, the head of this camp point (unfortunately, I forgot his last name) said: “Remember, the Stalinist constitution for you is me. What I want, I will do with any of you ... "
From the stories of the prisoners of the "Ozerlag".
In February 1948, at the Butugychag mine, a camp department No. 4 of a special camp No. 5 - Berlag "Coast Camp" was organized. At the same time, uranium ore began to be mined here. In this regard, plant No. 1 was organized on the basis of the uranium deposit, which, with two more plants, became part of the so-called. First Directorate of Dalstroy.
The camp department serving combine No. 1 included two camps. On January 1, 1950, there were 2243 people in them. At the same time, Butugychag continued to mine tin. Mining of this metal periodically decreased. For example, in 1950 alone, Butugychag mined just over 18 tons of tin. In quantitative terms, it was already just a minuscule.
At the same time, a hydrometallurgical plant with a capacity of 100 tons of uranium ore per day began to be built at Butugychag. As of January 1, 1952, the number of employees in the First Directorate of Dalstroy increased to 14,790 people.
It was maximum amount employed in construction and mining operations in this department. Then a decline also began in the extraction of uranium ore, and by the beginning of 1953 there were only 6130 people in it. In 1954, the supply of workers for the main enterprises of the First Directorate of Dalstroy fell even more and amounted to only 840 people at Butugychag.
In total, the change in the political situation in the country, the past amnesties, and the rehabilitation of the illegally repressed had begun. "Butugychag" began to curtail its activities. By the end of May 1955, it was finally closed, and the camp site located here was liquidated forever. The 18-year activity of "Butugychag" has become history right before our eyes.
“Soon we drove into a narrow valley between gray hills. To the left they stood as a solid dark gray stone wall. There was snow on the crest of the wall. The hills on the right were also high, but they gradually gained height, and adits with stone heaps were noticeable on them, and in the ravines there were some kind of wooden towers, flyovers ...
In the spring of 1952, Butugychag consisted of four (and, if you count the "Bacchante", then five) large camps.
A cone-shaped, but round, not sharp and not rocky hill rose high above the Central. On its steep (45-50 degrees) slope, a bremsberg was built, a railroad along which two wheeled platforms moved up and down.
They were pulled by cables, rotated by a strong winch, installed and strengthened on a platform specially carved in granite. This platform was about three-quarters of the distance from the foot to the top.
Bremsberg was built in the mid-30s. Undoubtedly, even now it can serve as a guide for the traveler, even if the rails are removed, because the sole, on which the sleepers of the bremsberg were fixed, was a shallow, but still noticeable recess on the slope of the hill.
From the upper platform of the Bremsberg, a narrow-gauge road to the Sopka camp and its Gornyak enterprise went to the right as a horizontal thread along the slope of the hill, a long one adjacent to the Bremsberg Hill.
The Yakut name of the place where the camp and the Gornyak mine was located is Shaitan. It was the most "ancient" and the highest above sea level mining enterprise of Butugychag. Cassiterite, tin stone (up to 79 percent tin) was mined there.
The Sopka camp was undoubtedly the most terrible in terms of meteorological conditions. Besides, there was no water. And water was delivered there, like many cargoes, by Bremsberg and narrow gauge railway, and in winter it was extracted from the snow. But there was almost no snow there, it was blown away by the wind.
The steps to Sopka followed the footpath along the ravine and, higher up, along the human path. It was a very hard climb. Cassiterite from the Gornyak mine was transported in trolleys along a narrow gauge railway, then reloaded onto the bremsberg platforms. Stages from "Sopka" were extremely rare.
If you look from Diesel (go from Central) to the Bremsberg hill, then to the left of it there was a deep saddle, then a relatively small hill, to the left of which there was a cemetery. Through this saddle, a bad road led to the only women's OLP on Butugychag.
It was called ... "Bacchante". But this name was given to that place by prospecting geologists. The work of the unfortunate women in this camp was the same as ours: mountainous, hard. And the name, although it was not specially invented (who knew that there would be a women's hard labor camp there ?!), smacked of sadism. We saw the women from the Bacchae very rarely, when we saw them off in stages along the road.
Behind the building of the former diesel station stretched a wide, but rapidly narrowing valley towards the hills. In the depths of it was the main mouth of mine No. 1 BIS. Above the mouth of the mine, above the sidings, the offices, the instrumental rooms, the lamps, the burpeh, towered a huge mountain. In it, inside it, there was Mine No. 1 of the BIS, where the prisoners worked with Dieselnaya. They called him simply "BIS".
The ore vein was explored there and developed basically the same as in mine No. 1 - the ninth. Lifting machines were not powerful. The limit, the maximum depth of descent of the Butugychag lifting machines was 240 meters - both in terms of engine power, and in terms of the drum, and in terms of the length of the cables. The horizons on Butugychag were 40 meters deep...
The ore-dressing plant is a terrible, grave place. In the crushing shop the same, but even finer dust. Both the chemical and press shops, and the dryer (drying furnaces for enriched ore) were extremely dangerous with caustic harmful fumes. Big long ovens, big steel pans...
Butugychag, a factory for processing uranium ore
Mortality in Butugychag was very high. In the "treatment" special zone (more precisely, to call it dying), people died daily. The indifferent watchman checked the number of the personal file with the number of the already prepared plate, pierced the deceased’s chest three times with a special steel pike, stuck it into the dirty purulent snow near the watch and released the deceased into the wild ...
A wide, sloping saddle between the hills, to the left of the Central Camp. There is a cemetery (or, as it was often called, Ammonalovka - in that direction there was once an ammonal warehouse). Uneven plateau. And all of it is covered with neat, even, as far as the terrain allows, rows of barely noticeable oblong stone hillocks.
And above each hillock, on a strong, rather large wooden peg, there is an obligatory tin plate with a perforated number stamped out. And if grave elevations are clearly visible nearby (sometimes and even often these are just wooden coffins placed on a slightly cleared scree and lined with stones; the top cover of the coffin is often completely or partially visible), then further they merge with bluish-gray stones, and no longer signs are visible, but only in some places pegs ... "
Steep hills, mines carved into a stone ridge, stone barracks (there is a lot of stone here), sections of a narrow-gauge railway ... and in the saddle, between the hills, there is a cemetery. Hundreds, maybe thousands of low, rickety columns with tin plates - the numbers of the forms of prisoners who ingloriously perished here in the 30s - 50s ...
A month and a half goners who arrived
Mortality in Butugychag was very high
The Butugychag mine was located 320 kilometers from Magadan deep into the mainland between the villages of Ust-Omchug and Nelkoba of the present Tenkinsky district. Initially became known as one of the tin deposits.
Its prehistory began in 1931 and is associated with the name of the washerman of the Second Kolyma expedition S.I. Chernetsky.
It was he, as noted by its leader, the famous geologist V.A. Tsaregradsky, "... established by washing the samples an increased tin content, which led to the discovery of Butugychag."
And in 1936, geologist B.L. Flerov discovered a tin deposit in this area. Four veins with a thickness of 5 to 10 centimeters were of obvious industrial importance. Following this, the so-called Butugychag exploration was organized, which was headed by engineer-geologist I.E. Drabkin.
At the beginning of 1937, intelligence arrived at Butugychag ...
According to B.L. Flerova and I.E. Drabkin, the total reserves of tin amounted to 10,000 tons. In the same year, the Butugychag mine was created, which was originally part of the Southern GPU.
In the first year of the mine's existence, 1,720 cubic meters of sand were mined from deluvial placers, and 21,080 kilograms of concentrate containing 65% tin was obtained.
From the exploration workings, ore was mined: with a content of 1-4% tin - 90.5 tons, with a content of more than 10% - 35 tons, with a content of 53% tin - 4.5 tons.
Work at the Butugychagskoye field was carried out all year round.
In 1938, according to the plans of the leadership of Dalstroy, the Butugychag mine was supposed to produce "57% of the annual tin mining program" of the state trust.
On April 17, 1938, a team of engineers and topographers was created, whose task was to collect materials for the preparation of a design building for the construction of a tin ore plant.
The team made a preliminary (approximate) calculation of the plant's population. “We accept,” it noted in it, “that the main (quantitative expression) labor force for the entire existence of the enterprise will be provided by camp workers ... The payroll of the mine is taken 600 people (approximately) of them: civilian employees - 20%, or 120 people, campers 80 % or 480 people".
The total number of prisoners employed in the production work of the plant was to be 1146 people.
In the summer of 1938, at the Butugychag mine, tin ore veins were also developed, named "Carmen", "Jose", "Aida" and others ... In 1940, a crushing plant was put into operation, giving it the name "Carmen" ...
The enrichment plant "Vakkhanka" with a total capacity of 200 tons per day, which has come into operation, has become one of the largest in Dalstroy. During 1940, she processed 61.1 thousand tons of ore ...
The factory was mostly run by female prisoners...
Batskevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, Head construction site at the Bacchae factory. August 1940
Since August 1941, the Vackhanka enrichment plant began to be called the Chapaev factory (the Chapaev enrichment plant on 01.02.50 was subordinate to the Tenkinsky GPU, on 01.10.50 it was part of the Butugychag plant) ... “This year, a completely new chopped barracks of good quality for 1800 people. The rest of the barracks have been repaired. The dining room, bathhouse, dezochamber are prepared for the winter ... ".
In February 1948, the camp department No. 4 of the special camp No. 5, the Coastal Camp (Berlag), was organized at the mine. At that time, uranium ore had already begun to be mined here.
In this regard, Combine No. 1 was organized on the basis of the uranium deposit, which, in addition to Butugychag, included Combine No. 2 (Sugun in Yakutia) and Combine No. 3 (Severny in Chukotka). As of January 1, 1950, the camp department for servicing Combine No. 1 consisted of 2,243 people.
Tin mining also continued, but the figures were declining. In 1950, a little over 18 tons were mined here.
According to archival data published in the press, in 1951, 11,476 people were employed in construction and mining in the entire first department of Dalstroy (and then a hydrometallurgical plant with a capacity of 100 tons of uranium ore per day was built on Butugychag): .
In these ovens, by hand
In these furnaces, by hand, on metal pans, the primary uranium concentrate was evaporated. To this day, 23 barrels of uranium concentrate lie behind the outer wall of the enrichment plant. Even if nature rewarded good health from birth, a person lived near such stoves for several months.
Quiet, invisible
Quiet, invisible, but painful death lay on these iron pallets. It was on them that the atomic sword of the thrice-cursed evil empire was forged. Millions (!!!) of people have paid with their lives for the medieval ravings of idiots who imagine themselves to be great politicians.
Butugychag, cemetery
Prisoners accounted for 82.8% of the total number of employees. As of January 1, 1952, the number of employees in the First Directorate of Dalstroy increased to 14,790 people.
Then a decline began in the extraction of uranium ore, and by the beginning of 1953, there were 6,130 people in the department.
In 1954, 840 people worked at the Butugychag mine ...
I stumbled upon a cemetery. Quite small, no more than a couple of dozen graves. From the inscriptions, it became clear that not prisoners were buried here.
One of the tablets read: "died in the line of duty official duties". The fires almost completely destroyed all the tombstones, only the metal ones remained, located to the south. The most recent grave dates back to the year 55.
These photographs [above] were published in materials about "Butugychag" in regional newspapers as evidence that in the 40s. in this camp, some kind of medical or other experiments-studies were carried out on people, which, allegedly, was confirmed by sawn-off skulls.
However, this statement is absolutely unsubstantiated and, most likely, a clever invention of businessmen who crave "sensations". Moreover, blasphemy and mockery of the ashes of the dead, since the human remains were specially removed from the earth and put on display, as it were.
It is quite possible that they were sawn after extraction, and the holes in them (supposedly from a bullet) were made artificially in order to make the photograph seem even more “terrible”.
My assertion that no experiments were carried out on people in Butugychag, and, moreover, prisoners were not shot here, is based on personal research on the territory of the mine-camp, all the surviving buildings and cemeteries.
As a result of the survey, no evidence (signs) of experimental research activities on prisoners was found, that is, no appropriate premises for conducting this work, any medical equipment, etc.
And my conclusion is simple: why experiment something in such a wilderness, if this work can be carried out in more adapted and equipped clinics in cities. It is absurd today to consider, firstly, people whose descendants we, such “humane” and “smart”, are, as barbarians, and secondly, it is so easy to assert about “secret” experiments on people.
And they simply couldn’t shoot slaves here, since in Dalstroy, saying plain language, there were special points for the execution of death sentences (Magadan, "Maldyak", "Serpantinka") 
(I would venture to disagree with this text. Almost all known photos of the remains in Butugychag have sawn skulls. Both skulls dug up by animals and in graves. This is not found anywhere else in other places of mass graves. Given that the zk were just “material”, dust, then it is quite possible to assume that parts of organs or completely organs were removed as "raw materials" for experiments and research on big land where they were airlifted. It is possible that the material was taken from still living people - for the purity of the experiment. It was a time of large-scale study of the effects of radiation on humans, and the party elite was passionate about finding ways for longevity. For example, a consequence of this was the creation of powerful institutions of gerontology in the USSR, which were puzzled by the problems of the longevity of party bosses. And the fact that they did not stand on ceremony with the experimental ones - there is no doubt. When such experiments of the Germans and Japanese are described, there is no doubt. When in the Union with its same cruel regime, the whim begins immediately - note of the compiler)
Butugychag, former factory 1993
“By the beginning of spring, by the end of March, by April, 3-4 thousand prisoners, exhausted by work (fourteen hours underground), were always recruited on the Central. They were also recruited in neighboring zones, in neighboring mines. Those weakened, but still capable of working in the future, were sent to a camp on Dieselnaya Street to recover a little. In the spring of 1952, I ended up on Dieselnaya. From here, with Diesel, I can calmly, slowly, describe the village, or rather, perhaps, the city of Butugychag, because the population in it at that time was no less than 50 thousand, Butugychag was marked on the all-Union map. In the spring of 1952, Butugychag consisted of four (and, if you count the "Bacchante", then five) large camps. A. Zhigulin.
I was able to interview one of the very few surviving eyewitnesses of camp life on Butugychag, who lives in Magadan. Now I saw with my own eyes the very weather that killed so many people there. People who were loved by their parents, girlfriends, children, friends ... This eyewitness was called Andrey Vasilyevich Kravtsov. He was lucky to work in the "clean" room of a uranium mine, where he packaged the ore, purified from impurities, for further processing, probably at processing plants north of Chelyabinsk.
His comrades were less fortunate.
Those who got to work in the mine and in the crusher, which grinded uranium piles into sand, inhaled so much uranium dust into their lungs that they were fatally ill with lung cancer after only two months of work, and after a couple of months they died.
For a long time, Kravtsov could not talk about this and simply burst into tears, noting: “Butugychag is the most terrible of all places on earth, and I ended up here.”
Approaching the old road to the camp built by prisoners, we passed an abandoned collective farm poultry farm. According to a local Magadan tale, the uranium mine was converted into a poultry farm, but then abandoned due to the fact that the bird there was radioactive. The truth differed little from the story, the level of radioactivity was actually very high, although the poultry farm was set up not at the mine itself, but eight kilometers from it. And even at such a distance, the bird was radioactive, which is why the entire facility had to be abandoned before the construction was completed.
Once I specifically asked a physicist friend how dangerous it is to visit such a place. He replied that you can go there and it is not dangerous, but it is better not to stay there even for a few days and you need to stay away from the mines and buildings. However, these are the very buildings I was looking for. And Kravtsov lived there for several years….
I was struck by how difficult it was to break through the virgin snow, and I remembered Shalamov's story about brigades of prisoners clearing roads waist-deep in snow. It must have been terribly hard. As time went on, we also reached a critical point.
Time was running out, and common sense dictated to me that I had to return. I told Alexander about it. And he heard in response: “You are right, but going down is faster and easier than going uphill, it remains to go a little further.” Which is what we did; delayed beyond measure, but still saw the gloomy silhouette of the mine.
We were already walking, staggering from fatigue, besides, there were many obstacles hidden under the snow, which we stumbled over all the time. At the very mine, I fell into uranium sand, in the same place with a high level radioactive radiation. But it wasn't enriched uranium after all...
So I ended up where Kravtsov experienced such terrible times. The crushing machinery has been gone for a long time, but the whole workshop has an ominous and overwhelming look. How much suffering has been experienced here! Next to the crushing shop, we found a chemical processing room, where Kravtsov worked for a short time. Everything looked exactly as he said, and above the chemical processing shop was the packaging shop, where Kravtsov worked most of the time.
It got dark and it was hard to take pictures. We began to descend back to the Ural. The descent is only theoretically faster than the ascent, already at the very beginning of our return we were completely exhausted. Alexander said: “Now we will see if we can return at all. I hope the pictures were worth the pain." He wasn't joking at all.
It was late evening when we finally got back. We were completely exhausted and on the last leg of our journey we could cover about 50 meters between rest stops. When we saw the hunters remaining in the Ural, one of them shouted: “I will kill you! Where have you been! We already wanted to go save you!”
Staggering, we climbed into the kung in the Ural, it was warm there, and hot soup and a sea of vodka were waiting for us. After some time, the hunter who met us said: “Jens, now you have pictures of real local conditions, and now only you have them. Other explorers come here only in summer or after the very first snowfall. Some may not see the difference, but we do!
Butugychag - crushing shop
Concentrating factories of Dalstroy NKVD
Kolyma: Body of the Main Directorate for the construction of the Far North. Magadan: Soviet Kolyma, 1946
A special issue of the magazine "Kolyma" is devoted to the development of the Far North and the construction carried out in this region of the USSR over the 15 years of the existence of the Dalstroy NKVD camp system.
The slave labor of political prisoners played an important role in the development of the Far North. The publication "Kolyma" (1946) is dedicated to the successes and the new five-year plan in the development of this extremely difficult climate region, mining, construction of mining and processing enterprises, the introduction of new, more advanced technology, the development of energy, communications and communications, folk art , education and sports.
Some materials and articles talk about the extraction of gold, coal and other minerals, as well as fur, about deer breeding. The history of the founding of Magadan and its daily life are covered.
A large amount of photographic material and drawings tells about different aspects of the life and economy of Kolyma. On the first sheets there are two large portraits: I. Stalin and L. Beria.
“Camp “Sopka” was undoubtedly the most terrible in terms of meteorological conditions. Besides, there was no water. And water was delivered there, like many cargoes, by Bremsberg and narrow gauge railway, and in winter it was extracted from the snow. The steps to Sopka followed the footpath along the ravine and, higher up, along the human path. It was a very hard climb. Cassiterite from the Gornyak mine was transported in trolleys along a narrow gauge railway, then reloaded onto the bremsberg platforms. Stages from "Sopka" were extremely rare. A. Zhigulin.
“If you look from Dieselnaya (or from Central) to the Bremsberg hill, then to the left of it there was a deep saddle, then a relatively small hill, to the left of which there was a cemetery. Through this saddle, a bad road led to the only women's OLP on Butugychag. He called. . . "Bacchante". But this name was given to that place by prospecting geologists. 
The work of the unfortunate women in this camp was the same as ours: mountainous, hard. And the name, although it was not specially invented (who knew that there would be a women's hard labor camp there ?!), smacked of sadism. We saw women from the Bacchae very rarely - when we saw them off in a stage along the road. A. Zhigulin.
On the pass itself, right on the watershed, this strange cemetery is located. In the spring, bears and local punks from Ust-Omchug come to the cemetery. The first are looking for food after a hungry winter, the second are skulls for candlesticks. . .
Not even a pathologist can see that this is the skull of a child. And cut again. . . What monstrous secret is hidden in the upper cemetery of the Butugychag camp?
P. Martynov, a prisoner of the Kolyma camps under the number 3-2-989, points to the direct physical extermination of the Butugychag prisoners that took place: “Their remains were buried at the Shaitan pass. Despite the fact that in order to hide the traces of crimes, the place was from time to time cleared of the remains pulled by animals from the glacier on the pass, there are still found human bones on a huge area ... "
Perhaps there you need to look for an adit under the letter "C"?
We managed to get interesting information from the editorial office of the Leninskoye Znamya newspaper in Ust-Omchug (now the newspaper is called Tenka), where a large mining and processing plant is located - Tenkinsky GOK, to which Butugychag belonged.
The journalists handed me a note from Semyon Gromov, the former deputy director of the Mining and Processing Plant. The note touched upon a topic of interest to me. But, perhaps, the price of this information was Gromov's life.
Here is the text of this note:
“The daily “withdrawal” along the Tenlag was 300 convicts. The main reasons are hunger, illness, fights between prisoners and just "shooting the convoy." At the Tymoshenko mine, a OP was organized - a health center for those who had already “reached”. This point, of course, did not heal anyone, but some professor worked there with the prisoners: he went and drew circles on the robes of prisoners with a pencil - these will die tomorrow. By the way, on the other side of the track, on a small plateau, there is a strange cemetery. Strange because everyone buried there has sawn skulls. Isn't it related to the professor's work?
From the upper platform of the Bremsberg, a narrow-gauge road to the Sopka camp and its Gornyak enterprise went to the right as a horizontal thread along the slope of the hill, a long one adjacent to the Bremsberg Hill. The Yakut name of the place where the camp and the Gornyak mine was located is Shaitan. It was the most "ancient" and the highest above sea level mining enterprise of Butugychag. A. Zhigulin.
“Together with Ivan, we celebrated the death of Stalin. When mourning music began to play, universal, extraordinary joy set in. Everyone hugged and kissed each other, as if at Easter. And flags appeared on the barracks. Red Soviet flags, but without mourning ribbons. There were many of them, and they fluttered boldly and cheerfully in the wind. It's funny that the Russians of Harbin also hung out a flag here and there - pre-revolutionary Russian, white-blue-red. And where did the matter and colors come from? There was a lot of red in EHF. The authorities did not know what to do - after all, there were about 50 thousand prisoners at Butugychag, and there were hardly 120-150 soldiers with machine guns. Ah! What a joy it was! ". A. Zhigulin.
THE WORD OF THE BUILDER
One of the builders of Butugychag recalls (Writer from Rostov-on-Don. Was imprisoned for 17 years, of which from 1939 to 1948 in the Kolyma camps. Rehabilitated in 1955):
“This mine was a complex complex: factories - a sorting and processing plant, a bremsberg, a motor vehicle, a thermal power plant. Sumy pumps were mounted in a chamber carved into the rock. Gone are the galleries. They built a village of two-story, log houses. The Moscow architect from the old Russian nobles, Konstantin Shchegolev, decorated them with pilasters. He cut the capitals himself. There were first-class specialists in the camp. We, I am writing this with full right, imprisoned engineers and workers, as well as excellent carpenters, from among the collective farmers who completed their term and were not allowed to go home, became the main builders of Butugychag.
Gabriel Kolesnikov.
DECEPTION OF THE ALLIES
May 1944. There is an intensive preparation for all institutions of the city to meet and receive guests from America. The guests arrived in Magadan on May 25 in the evening and inspected the city (the school, the House of Culture, the city library, the Arza, the state farm "Dukcha"). On May 26 in the evening they were at a concert in the House of Culture and on the morning of May 27 they departed on their way.
In Irkutsk, US Vice President Wallace delivered a speech. . .
“I remember his visit well. He visited the mines of the "Chai-Uryinskaya Valley", named after "Chkalov", "Tea-Uryu", "Bolshevik" and "Komsomolets". All of them merged into a huge industrial complex. It was possible to determine the approximate territory of the mine and its name only by administrative buildings and houses for the so-called civilian employees located on the highway. By the time the distinguished guest arrived, the Komsomolets mine did not remove gold from one of the washing devices for two days, and the excavator driver (a prisoner) was temporarily dressed up in a suit borrowed from a civilian engineer. True, then he was beaten up badly for his clothes stained with fuel oil.
I also remember sawed down watchtowers at numerous camps. For three days, from morning to evening, the entire contingent of prisoners was in a lying position, in small valleys not visible from the road, guarded by shooters and superiors from the VOKhR, dressed in civilian clothes and without rifles. We ate dry rations, and returned to the territory of the camps only for the night. Paths and passages to the camps were sprinkled with white sand, beds in the wards were covered with new woolen blankets and clean linen for the day - at night a distinguished guest would hardly have come to our barracks, but for us prisoners, his arrival was an unprecedented three-day rest from the hard, exhausting long-term weekdays."
Z / c Stallions (Odessa).
Prisoners at work in Butugychag. Photograph of the history department of the House of Culture in Ust-Omchug
DUALITY OF BEING OF THE AGE
What you will read now eloquently and without words testifies what kind of rebus arises in the younger generations when looking at that terrible time, and what malleable material they are for creating in their heads “the blissful image of the romantic grandfather Stalin”, when “it is easy on the heart from a cheerful song.
But for some it is extremely beneficial. Someone wants to enter paradise again at someone else's expense. In general, I noticed a long time ago - fierce lovers of Stalin love him for others. And at the same time they “forget” to love him for themselves ...
HIGH SCHOOL GIRL ABOUT GEOLOGISTS
... Having studied the article "Uranium for a superpower" in the journal "Mineral" No. 1 of 1998, the author of the leading geologist of the Chaun-Chukotka Mining and Geological Enterprise, an honorary citizen of the city of Pevek I.V. Tibildova learned that geologists (as well as others) “were suicide bombers of the system. How many of them were here, who received lethal doses of radiation "at a combat post", can hardly be established reliably "...
…. When studying geology, we rarely turn to outstanding geologists who, with their life experience, can serve as an example for building respect and love for this profession. Their professional skills, service to the fatherland can be a role model, fostering a sense of patriotism, pride and gratitude to them.
Overcoming the difficulties associated with the profession of a geologist, making courageous decisions, adherence to principles, make these people devoted to their profession until the end of their lives. Their merits in exploration of deposits perpetuate their names for future descendants.
Faced with the historical biography of the head of the Irbinskaya exploration party, V.V. Bogatsky (1943), I decided to dedicate this essay to him. To do this, I had to carefully work with the archive, study many of the documents in the museum.
In the same period, our museum was visited by a famous person, a member of the Union of Journalists of Russia, Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Khakassia Grek Oles Grigorievich. Its purpose was to work with archival documents associated with the life and years of repression V.V. Bogatsky. He is the author of the book "Cruel Uranium" and continues to accumulate information about the repressed geologists.
The personality of Bogatsky attracted me not only by the significance of his great work, left on the Irbinsk land, but also by the fact that he was repressed twice. His fate was affected in the same way as the fate of the most prominent luminaries of geological science, such as L.I. Shamansky, K.S. Filatov, M.P. Rusakov and the entire geological industry of Russia.
Looking at a faded photograph of graduates of geologists from the Siberian Geological Prospecting Institute in 1932, one is surprised at the cruel fate of the repressed specialists, their background of life and work, the courage of Soviet geologists in the Stalin period, which no longer requires special comments, but is not subject to mindless oblivion either.
I was struck by the very fact of repression, and how it was possible with such merits of a geologist...
Rebrova Nadezhda Igorevna, student of the 11th "B" class of the Irbinsk secondary school No. 6, Fragments from the work "Personality in Geology" at the All-Russian competition of historical works of high school students "Man in History. Russia XX century”, p. B-Irba, 2006.
Supervisor of the work: Grankina Olga Sergeevna, biology teacher and head of the "Young Geologist" circle. (6) (7) (8)
A number of media write about where and by whom the world's first concentration camps were created. Here is a typical opinion of a person who, in the vivid expression of Yulia Latynina, describes the ELEPHANT by the trunk in such a way that he begins to see a snake in the ELEPHANT.
Leave the championship to the Solovetsky concentration camp!
The Boers in America ... once! .. and invented the concentration camp ...
Ph.D.(!)"... just like the Americans were the first to invent the engine in the 17th year ... they needed an aircraft engine ... once! .. they locked up the engineers and invented ... just like the concentration camps, the Boers and the Americans invented in America ... in America..." (Industrialization: an unjustified anguish or a saving leap into the future? Television program "Court of Time". Channel 5, Moscow. 08.11.2010)
On Solovki, the British (!) Killed 40 (!) Thousand People
"Millions of victims are lies extracted from Goebbels and White Guard sources ... the first concentration camp in the country was organized by the British on Solovki. About 40 thousand Red Army soldiers were destroyed there ..."( Someone Michael. In the commentary to Art. K. Erofeeva "The Fuhrer of the Cossacks". Newspaper "Soviet Russia". Moscow. 01/29/2008.
Quote: "The first concentration camps were organized not by Russian proletarian revolutionaries after 1917, but by British imperialists during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. In 1914-1917, the most terrible concentration camps were German and Austro-Hungarian concentration camps ... In Russia after the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the first concentration camps were created by foreign capitalist interventionists and their contemptible accomplices-white bandits.The death camp on the island of Mudyug in the White Sea, organized by the American and British imperialists in 1918 ... "etc. ( Prishchepenko V. Is the truth certain? Newspaper "Duel", N25 (322), 06/24/2003)
The quotes perfectly demonstrate the confusion that cynical political propaganda hammers into the head of the Russian layman. The core of this ideological trick is the assertion that "prisoner of war camps", "filtration camps", "ITL", "ghetto", "reservation", "colony", "zone" is actually the place that should be called one general term- "concentration camp". Especially if it is located outside Russian borders.
Not every territory surrounded by barbed wire becomes a concentration camp, and, moreover, a death camp...
About "prisoner-of-war camps", "internment camps" or, in a modern manner, "filtration camps" have been known since the time of the pharaohs, when captured enemies were kept locked up, in pits, in ravines, in gorges guarded by archers. Captured and disarmed soldiers died in them in large numbers, they were not given food, they were killed or turned into slaves. The slaves of ancient Egypt, Greece, ancient Rome were replenished with captured soldiers. Their professional skills were used in gladiator camps.
It was these camps that were created everywhere on the territories of countries waging war. They were in Napoleonic France, tsarist Russia, imperial Japan, Kaiser Germany ... in a word, wherever wars were fought. And this is the bitter reality of any war. Agree that the same "Swedes near Poltava" Russian soldiers had to disarm somewhere, search and contain, before Emperor Peter the Great let them go home.
Such camps for prisoners were in the United States during the Civil War (1861-1865). They write that in the camp near Andersonville, up to 10 thousand captured soldiers died of starvation. It is him in recent times they began to intensively call it the "first concentration camp", forgetting that a year ago the camps for the Boers during the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899 were called the "first concentration camps". Big Russian money came to London and the Kremlin political wind immediately blew to the west.
Now about the "concentration camps" as government agency . Their homeland is the USSR. The camps, which later became concentration camps, first appeared on the territory of present-day Russia in 1918-1923. The term "concentration camp", the very phrase "concentration camps" appeared in documents signed by Vladimir Lenin, wrote Anatoly Pristavkin. Their creation was supported by Leon Trotsky. It was only after Lenin's Russia that concentration camps arose in Hitler's Germany and in Pol Pot's Kampuchea.
The first concentration camp in the world
The Solovetsky camp is the first demonstrative state concentration camp in the world. What is the difference between "concentration camps" and "prisoner of war camps" or "filtration camps"? Why is the creation of the first attributed to state crimes, and the creation of the second world community condemns, but does not consider the state. a crime or a crime against humanity?
The general answer was given in the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal. The Soviet-Russian case is detailed in the book The Gulag Archipelago:
- For the first time in world history (State structures were created in the rank of a ministry, managing camps - the OGPU, NKVD, MGB, the Charter of the Solovetsky camp was written, introduced, etc.).
- The camps were created by DIRECT INSTRUCTIONS OF THE FIRST PERSONS OF THE STATE, who are PERSONALLY AND DIRECTLY involved in the murders of their own citizens through the secret state decrees or orders issued by them. (dated 11/02/1923. With participation, signed by his deputy - and his secretary. The so-called "shooting lists").
- An INFORMAL merger of power, security, investigative and judicial structures was carried out, while their names were formally preserved. The police, special services, the prosecutor's office and the courts essentially become DEPARTMENTS of a single mechanism - the NKVD, which begins to manage the development of the country. Submits to a criminal gang that has seized political power.
- A vile LEGAL BASIS has been created for sending to the camp (). Black becomes white and vice versa. Lies are elevated to the rank of state policy. Without any hesitation, the Justice and the Police openly take the side of lawlessness, and the main enemies of the state are declared to be citizens who dare to declare their rights and oppose state arbitrariness.
- A STATE SYSTEM of ideological support for the camps was created - the state media exposed the "enemies of the people" and brainwashed the people themselves, public figures they justified and praised terror... Fear and horror, which came from Solovki, were established in the country.
- The camps were intended to destroy the POLITICAL OPPOSITION inside the country (destruction and, members of social movements and).
- The camps were used for SOLVING ECONOMIC PROBLEMS - they built factories, erected settlements, etc., and the concentration camps were integrated into civil institutions, for example, the Ministry of Railway Transport, the Ministry of Construction, etc.
- Concealment of crimes in the camps was carried out AT THE STATE LEVEL (). War criminals were covered by the STATE, and awarded with honorary titles "Pensioner of State Importance" ().
- Incredible and previously unknown in the history of the MURDER SCALE (Clash between the British and the Boers, "glorifying" the British as the first builders of camps for civilian population- the British drove more than 200 thousand people into the camps - claimed the lives of 17 thousand people in 1902 alone. According to various estimates, up to 3 million people passed through the SLON** concentration camp, and from 300 thousand to 1 million people died.).
- The camps were used for internment and destruction of OWN CITIZENS.
- The camps were used for the internment of representatives of ALL SOCIETY, and not representatives of certain groups of the population (military, rebels, migrants, etc.).
- The camps were used to exterminate people IN PEACETIME.
- Sexes, ages, and - Armenians, Jews ... Kazakhs ... Russians were destroyed in the camps ... "International Solovki" arose.
Here are the 13 signs that distinguish them from prisoner-of-war camps, from colonies for criminals, from penal battalions, from labor camps, reservations, ghettos, from filtration camps ...
"Let's eradicate the enemies of the people - Trotskyist-Bukharin spies and wreckers, hirelings of foreign fascist intelligence services! Death to traitors to the motherland!"
There was nothing like it anywhere before Bolshevik Russia (RSFSR-USSR). Not in the United States of America, not in England, not in Finland, not in Poland. In none of these countries the camps were brought to the level of a STATE STRUCTURE, a state institution. Neither the Sejm, nor the Parliament, nor the Congress issued laws on the camps. Neither the prime minister nor the president personally gave orders to the punitive organs to "shoot". The ministers of these countries did not convey to their subordinates the state orders on the number of people being shot. The prisoners of England and the USA did not build factories, canals, power plants, roads, universities, bridges ... did not participate in the "atomic" project, did not sit in "sharashkas". In none of these countries did the economy depend on the "occupancy rate" of the camps and the "economic return" of each prisoner. The newspapers of England did not howl in a wild frenzy "Death to the enemies of the people!" The people of the United States did not demand "Death to dogs" in the squares. And, most importantly, in none of these countries did camps exist for decades, over several generations ... in peacetime.
"Sentence supreme court- the verdict of the entire Soviet people"
It FIRST started in Solovki, in the Solovetsky camp special purpose. Communists" with an iron hand drove mankind to happiness. "And" happiness "immediately appeared to mankind with mass executions, typhoid Solovki,. Communism gave birth to a monstrous - and. Communism created a state organization - the Cheka / GPU / NKVD, in which. They were given control of the Russian people - an unprecedented tragedy began , stretching for almost seventy years and leading to the most severe degradation of the entire population of Russia.
Instead of a conclusion
The reflexes of the lumpen who call Guantanamo or Abu Ghraib "concentration camps" are understandable. Following their "evidence" and "logic" Chernokozovo should immediately be declared a zone of "concentration camps". So often they write. For example, journalist A. Babchenko uses the term "concentration camp" when describing a detention center for detained migrants in Moscow: "Remember how we hung ourselves from illegal migration, built concentration camps in Izmailovo and deported as many as eight hundred Vietnamese?" ( Babchenko Arkady. Zhidobanderovtsy life-giving. Radio station "Echo of Moscow", Moscow, www.echo.msk.ru. 07/01/2014). This is completely wrong, if only because in modern Russia the state SYSTEM of camps has not yet been restored. Till...
But why should the newspapers confuse the elementary, claiming that the first concentration camps appeared in Cuba, then in the USA, British South Africa, Namibia in the 19th century? The answer is simple and obvious: this is done in order to prevent the Court of History or the International Tribunal over the gang of Vladimir Lenin, the ideology of communism and those who still proudly call themselves "communists" or "chekists" and control these media. (Notes on Solovki. As a manuscript. Moscow. 1995. Add. and reworked. 07/02/2014)
(*) In this article, we do not discuss the concentration camps in China during the Cultural Revolution and the concentration camps in North Korea.
(**) These figures do not refer to the island branch of SLON, but to the huge system of camps SLON-BELBALTlag, stretching from Murmansk to the Svir River and from the Finnish border to the borders of the Northern Urals (for example, the 4th Vishera branch of SLON)
The names of the saints of the Solovetsky Monastery, the description of whose life and deeds is practically not preserved
Auxentius monk, Solovetsky, Kashkaren | | Adrian hermit, Solovetsky | Aksy monk, Solovetsky, Kashkaren | Alexy Kaluga, Solovetsky hermit | Andrey, Solovetsky hermit | Anthony Solovetsky | Vasily the cell-mate, Solovetsky | Gerasim the Hermit, Solovetsky | Gury, a wonderful monk, Solovetsky | Dositheus the recluse, Solovetsky | | Ephraim the Black, Solovetsky hermit | Jacob Solovetsky, Kostroma | Iannuary of Solovetsky | John the priest-bearer, Solovetsky | Joseph I, Solovetsky hermit | Joseph II young, Solovetsky hermit | Kirik (Kyriak), hospital elder, Solovetsky hermit | Macarius fisherman, Solovetsky | Hieromonk Misail, Solovetsky hermit | Nestor, Solovetsky hermit | Nicephorus-Novgorodets, Solovetsky hermit | Onuphrius, Solovetsky hermit | Savva, Solovetsky hermit | Sebastian, Solovetsky hermit | Stefan laborer, Solovetsky | Tarasius monk, Solovetsky, Kashkaren | Timofey Aleksinets (in the schema Theodore), Solovetsky hermit | Tikhon Muscovite, hermit Solovetsky | Tryphon, Solovetsky hermit | Theodulus from Ryazan, Solovetsky hermit | Philip the Hermit, Solovetsky
Guesses, ideas, hypotheses, judgments and opinions
| |Everyone's private matter
Serov Yuri
(1955)
Born in a remote village in the very center of Russia in a family of poor rural teachers. I slept in a suitcase for the first three years. Grew up, graduated from high school. He studied at a couple of universities, including Moscow State University. I read a thousand books, wrote a hundred articles, defended a couple of dissertations, invented a dozen technologies, cut down a large forest, planted a small grove, did not build a house, raised two sons. Lives in Toronto, is engaged in Internet business.
Concentration camp: two definitions
1. "Concentration camp - a state body with the help of which groups of people are isolated, including for the purpose of exploitation and / or destruction, on any basis (sex, race, nationality, religion, beliefs, place of residence, etc.) "
2. Concentration camp - an organ of the state system of isolation, exploitation and destruction of opponents of the regime.
Briefly about Solovki
"There are many ways to describe a certain sequence of events, just as there are many ways to describe an ELEPHANT. We have a fair number of masters of describing not an ELEPHANT, but, say, an ELEPHANT's trunk - with all the details, amazingly subtle observations and far-reaching conclusions that lead to the conclusion that the ELEPHANT is a snake. I am a journalist. I am not a lawyer. Therefore, I will try to describe the "ELEPHANT" as I see it." ( Latina Yulia. Mr. Kuznetsov, without respect and without love. Daily Journal. Moscow. www.ej.ru 07/01/2007. Abbreviation Yu.S.)
"The twelve-meter worship cross, which was brought from the Solovetsky Monastery to Moscow the day before by water, will be consecrated today during a prayer service in memory of tens of thousands of people repressed and shot at this place 70 years ago. Here in Butovo, the international two-week program "The Procession of the Cross of Solovki - Butovo", dedicated to the beginning of the Great Terror" ( Volodina Vera. Memorial in Butovo: How many of them are there! Some were found, some were not. Radio Liberty. 08/08/2007)
At the Solovetsky stone about state terrorism
“What happened in our country is a special event - this is state terror. State terror is different from all other types of terrorism. Now they talk a lot about international terrorism, but state terror is terror, during which the best people are destroyed. This is such a wound that the country may not survive. She is losing what provides the country with the future.” ( Grigory Yavlinsky. Russia remembers the victims of repression. Radio Liberty. Moscow, 30.10.2007)
Camp and Gulag - prison and state slavery
"... The Gulag was not a prison system, but a system of state slavery, and in this respect it also differs from ordinary prison systems, like the concentration camp system of Nazi Germany. For a significant part of the prisoners in some of the Gulag camps, this meant working until guaranteed death from exhaustion.
To this it should be added that a huge proportion of prisoners (hundreds of thousands of political prisoners) ended up in the Gulag without actually committing any crime.
All this is well known (and just became widely known thanks to Solzhenitsyn), but if there is a desire to turn a blind eye to the monstrous crimes of the past simply because someone is excited by the mustache of the leader, then it will not work to argue. For some, mourning for the dead is sacred, for some, “corpses to throw away are worse than shit.” But keep in mind that these are the corpses of your relatives, because statistically your dearest family is unlikely to have escaped acquaintance with “effective management”.
Editorial note: The author, a person under the nickname "Mix", published this text on September 29, 2014 in the blog of the Fontanka.Ru newspaper (blog.fontanka.ru). We thank the author for the brilliantly formulated theses and a clear position that allows us to understand the essence of the SYSTEM of camps.
A prisoner of war camp is not a place for serving sentences for criminals
"A prisoner of war camp is a place of temporary forced isolation. So that an enemy soldier does not run away to his own, take up arms and start killing our soldiers again. That's all. A prisoner cannot be tortured and killed. A prisoner must be fed and treated - with help, if necessary, the international Red Cross and (most importantly) in exchange for similar feeding and treatment of our prisoners. After the end of the war, the prisoner must be returned home. " ( Mark Solonin. Get away from the boy. Historian's personal site. www.solonin.org. 11/21/17)