Spelling Not with any part of speech it’s not that difficult. But with time school program is forgotten. In order to deservedly bear the reputation of a literate and educated person, it is better to periodically recall the rules of spelling and punctuation. Integrated and separate writing Not with nouns is also regulated by certain rules.
Particle Not carries a special semantic load In russian language. Sometimes its incorrect interpretation can lead to incidental situations and distort the meaning of the phrase. Paradoxical Russian speech allows the possibility of using Not even to construct affirmative sentences: “Shouldn’t we go to the river on Saturday?”
Continuous writing Not with nouns
When a particle is converted into a prefix, you must write Not with the word together.
Among all possible options The following rules should be remembered and applied:
- Not written together with nouns if without the particle they lose their meaning: fable, ignoramus, scoundrel, misfortune.
- There will also be a merged spelling if a word with a negative particle can be easily replaced with a synonymous one, but without Not. At the same time, the original meaning is preserved: misfortune-grief, foe-enemy, and so on. This rule also applies to adverbs and adjectives.
- It is written Not with nouns together in words expressing a qualitative connotation or denoting any persons (non-Russian, non-specialist, non-linguist) and in words-terms (metals - non-metals).
- It is written Not with nouns together and as part of a prefix under-. Even if such a word is without Not exists (imperfection - completion, oversight - inspection).
Separate writing Not with nouns
To avoid some of the most common spelling mistakes Not, you need to use the rules thoughtfully. Words taken out of context have different rules than those used in the entire sentence.
Rules for separate writing Not with nouns:
- If the sentence contains a contrast between antonym words using the conjunction “a”. For example: “It was not happiness for her, but simple everyday well-being.”
- IN simple description with opposite words that are not antonyms: “The bad weather disrupted all morning plans, but by the evening everything became quiet.”
- When Not is a negative particle, and no other options are assumed: “This is not a jacket. This is not a home."
Brief pivot table will help you remember how to spell Not in the most common cases.
Interesting! What does it mean and what questions does it answer?
Controversial situations
Any word in Russian writing need to be viewed from different perspectives. Sometimes controversial situations make you think about how to use a particle Not: as a prefix or a separate word. According to the rules, it may seem that the particle must be written together with the word. But even as you write it, it becomes clear that the result “hurts the eye.”
Important! First of all, it is necessary to take into account the semantic load Not in a sentence. With imperfect knowledge of everyone strict rules writing, logic in this case will help you make the right decision.
Examples of separate spelling not with nouns:
- Emphasized logical contrast: “Your health has become better in Lately, is not it?" If there is no emphasis on negation in a sentence, then the particle Not written together: “Is this a misfortune?” (alternative: “Is this grief?”)
- The presence of a hidden opposition involves the separate writing of a noun with a particle: “Unfortunately, I’m not an expert, so I’m unlikely to be able to help you in this matter.”
- Strengthening negation: stable expressions of the Russian language “not at all”, “not at all”, “absolutely not”, “not at all” require separate writing. For example: “It wasn’t modesty that made her attractive.”
Useful video
Let's sum it up
Overall, the particle Not with nouns it is written according to general rule writing with other parts of speech. Using adverbs and adjectives as an example, you can see the following: ugly - ugly, slow - slow. This is a vivid example of cases when a word with Not can be replaced with something close in meaning, but without .
At the same time, the contrast with the union A also true for adjectives: “Not deep, but very small river flowed along the houses.”
Integrated or separate spelling NOT with nouns.
Integrated or separate spelling NOT with adjectives.
It is written together:
Rules | Examples |
If a word is not used without NOT | insatiable, clumsy, insatiable, absurd |
If there is no opposition and you can choose a synonym without NOT | A small river, i.e. small Uninteresting concert, i.e. boring A low house, i.e. short |
If there is a meaning of adhesion rather than opposition | The river is not wide, but (= and) deep. The novel is short, but (= and) interesting |
If the adjective is used with adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely, completely, extremely, very, extremely, almost | An absolutely uninteresting concert. Completely unimportant document |
Presence of a dependent word does not affect on spelling NOT with adjectives |
Written separately:
Rules | Examples |
If there is or is implied opposition | The river is not deep, but shallow. The concert is not interesting, but boring. The house is not high, but low |
If the negation is strengthened by negative pronouns or particles | A student who is NOT like anyone else |
Co comparative degree adjectives | No worse and no better than others. No more and no less |
Remember: | Not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not obliged, not ready, not needed, does not agree, does not intend, is not right, not like, not much |
The same rules apply in both cases when writing NOT with short adjectives:
the river is not deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is not at all deep, the river is absolutely shallow, the river is not deep but shallow, etc.
Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with verbs.
The particle NOT with verbs is written separately.
For example: if you don’t teach, don’t speak, won’t be silent, wouldn’t play.
Exception: the particle NOT is written together with verbs that are not used without NOT.
For example: to dislike, to be unwell, to hate, to be indignant, to be perplexed, to be in bondage.
In verbs, one should distinguish between the prefix NEDO- and the particle with the prefix NOT DO-.
UNDO is used in the meaning of “little”, NOT DO – in the meaning of “not completing the action.”
REMEMBER!
1) Verb “to lack”(meaning “to be absent from the right amount") is written with NOT together, because UNDO- is a prefix. Also UNDER- is written together in the stable expression “This was still lacking!”
For example:
This family was constantly short of money.
The landscape lacked color.
The boy did NOT reach the shelf. (NOT written separately, because the action may be completed).
2) There are verbs with the prefix DO- that are not used without the particle NOT:
dislike, underestimate, misunderstand, mishear.
Combined or separate spelling of the particle NOT with participles and verbal adjectives.
It is written together:
Written separately:
If, in addition to the adverbs of measure and degree, there are other explanatory (dependent) words in the participle, then preference is given to the more general rule and is NOT written separately.
For example:
The manuscript is completely unprepared for typesetting.
Writing NOT with gerunds.
NOT with gerunds is usually written separately.
For example :
without reading, without deciding.
NOT with gerunds is written together if the gerund is formed:
1) from verbs that are not used without NOT;
2) from verbs with the prefix NEDO-.
For example :
Perplexed, indignant.
Not looking, not getting enough sleep.
|
NOT with nouns, adjectives, adverbs |
|||
|
Rule |
Examples |
||
|
seamlessly |
1. If the word is without NOT not used |
N without booth n ate epy n ee inevitably |
|
|
2. Word with NOT can be replaced with a synonym |
N ep true (false) n ep sucker (good) n units aleko (close) |
||
|
3. With the following words: absolutely, very, very, almost, extremely, too, completely |
A very difficult task almost unfamiliar absolutely incorrect the merits are very small |
||
|
apart |
1. When contrasted with a union A(not BUT) |
Not truth, but lies, not bad, but good, not far but close |
|
|
2. At the following words: NOT at all, NOT at all, NOT at all, NOT at all, NOT to anyone |
not at all Truth, not far silly, not at all far, not at all difficult, not to anyone necessary |
||
|
3. When denying any quality, without affirming the opposite |
He is not stupid (but smart?) She is not far and not close |
||
|
4. Short adjectives, adverbs as predicates | |||
|
With short adjectives NOT written, as a rule, in the same way as with full ones |
Shore n ev high (the bank is not high) |
||
|
seamlessly |
with indefinite pronouns, as well as with negative pronouns without a preposition |
n EU so many articles, something new, nothing to help, no one to ask |
|
|
with negative adverbs |
n eg de, nowhere, no time, nowhere, no need |
||
Examples for spelling warm-up:
N e d spur, n e R yaha, n e V olnik, n e And sisterhood, n e n avis, n e With tolerant n e at Kluge, n e R sarcastically n e h ayanno. N e P true ( lie),n e P supporter ( enemy),n e d rug ( enemy),n e h health ( disease),n e P sucker ( good),n e V cheerful ( sad),n e at many ( silly);n e d aleko ( close),n e P loho ( satisfactorily),n e m slowly ( soon, immediately),n e P flamboyantly ( rough). This Not Truth, A lie. Needed here Not experience, A knowledge. This is completely Not success ( And what? ). Room Not big, A small. He's still Not old ( Which one then? ). He committed Not good, A bad deed. From school to home Not far, A close. This far Not the best way out. Not at all Not interesting book. This not at all Not complete data. Far Not modestly. To me not at all Not scary. To him not at all Not funny. Study never Not late.
Diagnostic set No. 10 Spelling not with nouns and adjectives.
|
Working part |
Control part |
|
|
Column No. 1 |
Column No. 2 | |
|
1 (not) acquaintance, but a stranger 2 prove (in)guilty 3 (un)clumsy expressions 4 far (not) beautiful 5 not at all dangerous disease 6 (not) friends 7 (im)nonsense 8 (not) large program 9 (ignorant) 10 give (dis)trust |
1 (continuous) broadcast 2 this is (not) the wind 3 (un)reasonableness 4 (not) happiness, but trouble 5 (not) touchy 6 the night is not at all (not) dark 7 (ignorance) 8 (not) beautiful, but expensive 9 (bad) weather 10 reveal (in)combat capability | |
|
Column No. 3 |
Column No. 4 | |
|
1 far (not) smart 2 (not) enough 3 (un)known device 4 (not) friend, but enemy 5 speech (not) interesting 6 grave (un)happiness 7 (in)experience leads to trouble 8 (in)accessible rock 9 (un)acquaintance Book 10 consoles in (un)happiness |
1 (un)needed meeting 2 (in)dependent character 3 suggests good luck and (bad) luck 4th house (not) new and (not) old 5 (in)dependence of the Motherland 6 (ir)reconcilable differences 7 the grass is (not) tall 8 (non)wine activities 9 made noise by (bad) weather 10 (not) friend blew up bridges | |
Exercise No. 1. Form all possible parts of speech from these nouns.
|
Nouns |
Adjectives |
Adverbs |
|
hatred |
hated |
hateful |
|
continuity | ||
|
clumsiness | ||
|
negligence | ||
|
absurdity | ||
|
inattention | ||
|
necessity | ||
|
surprise | ||
|
absurdity | ||
|
indignation | ||
|
incredulity | ||
|
independence | ||
|
indecisiveness |
Exercise No. 2. Using a prefix, form NOT words with opposite meanings.
|
nouns |
adjectives |
adverbs |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
understanding - |
cultural - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
equality - |
decisive - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
health - |
good - |
seriously - |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
accuracy |
familiar - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
loyalty - |
energetic - |
slowly - |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
maturity - |
movably - |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
addiction |
nice - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
confidence - |
"Not" with different parts of speech.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Particle Not written separately: – with verbs(was not),with gerunds(leisurely),with numerals(not once), and with short adjectives with a hint of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want); – with all words, if they have or are implied contrast with union A (Not deep, A small river), as well as with intensification denial words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all(not at all happy faces); – with adjectives in comparative degree(not thinner); – in words with prepositions(Not with whom, Not in spirit Not for whom, Not in force). |
Not written together: - in words that are without Not not used (Not vezha, Not conquerable); – in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced with a synonym (Not friend - enemy, very Not healthy look - very sick look, Not healthy – sick); – V verbal adjectives on -washed (Not dependent); – V indefinite pronouns (Not Who, Not What, Not which); – V verbs with prefix under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, lack of action (under do , under evaluate). |
The same writing principle applies to participles:
Full participles with a particle Not are written apart, if there – dependent word: Not redeemed nobody lights; – contrast with union but not repaid, A lit lights. Not with participles -my written separately, if available dependent word in creative case: Not visible(adv.) eye, But invisible(adj.) tears to the world. |
If there is no dependent word or contrast with a conjunction A, then the particle Not is written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the fog. WITH short participles particle Not is written always separately: lights Not repaid. |
II. You can present these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).
Not with different parts of speech |
||
Part of speech |
Together |
Apart |
| Noun, adjective, adverb -o, -e | 1. Not to be used without Not-: sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous 2. Can be replaced with a synonym without Not-: Not modestly (boastfully) Not stupid (smart) 3. In negative adverbs: Not Where , Not Where |
1. There is a contrast: Not Truth , A lie 2. Denial is reinforced by words far, not at all, not at all, never: far Not silly 3. With adverbs not on -o, -e: Not comradely |
| Pronoun | After Not And neither no preposition: neither whom , Not whom |
After Not And neither there is a preposition: Not who , nor who |
| Verb, gerund |
Not harass (not used without -Not ) Not harassing(not used without -Not ) |
Not noticed (verb) Not noticing(gerund) |
| Participle | There is no dependent word or opposition: Not finished work |
1. There is a dependent word: Not finished during Job 2. There is a contrast: Not finished, A work started 3. With short participles: Job Not finished |
III. Words that are without Not are not used.
| Nouns | Adjectives | Verbs |
stranger fury ignoramus, ignoramus absurdity, absurdity hatred bad weather fidget dislike stainless steel (steel) slob, sloppiness lob Nesmeyana (princess) foolish nonsense clumsiness penalty a lack of uncleanness tawny owl (grass) |
frantic unsightly unsociable hated stormy restless impenetrable (darkness) unsightly (action) hostile unlucky sloppy countless (quantity) awkward clumsy merciless (swearing) |
be indignant be perplexed lack (something) overlook (behind the child) miss (Sveta) dislike hate go on a rampage I'm not feeling well he's itching you're in trouble |
IV. Simplified version of the rules:
V. We work with algorithms.
VI. Developmental tasks.
1. Reaction speed task(good to do after a long time of writing). The teacher reads word combinations, naming them serial number, and students write down only the numbers in two columns: together Not- and separately Not
1) unfulfilled order;
2) the forest is not coniferous;
3) an indignant look;
4) the windows are not washed;
5) not happy about the meeting;
6) there was no;
7) he is not feeling well;
8) the ring is not gold;
9) not easy to decide;
10) is far from an easy matter;
11) very carelessly;
12) unmown meadow;
13) without looking around;
14) despite the circumstances.
Answer is written like this:
together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;
separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.
2. Attention task which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.
Write down only the numbers adjectives, who are without Not not used:
1) unfinished novel;
2) leisurely;
3) unsightly;
4) not involved;
5) careless;
6) immature;
7) clumsy;
8) irreversible.
Now remember the rest of the words from the list that Not are always written together (training auditory memory).
3. Determine by ear whether it is Not part of the root of a noun or a prefix without which the word cannot be used:
2) slob;
3) weakness;
4) hatred;
6) nectar.
4. Choose synonyms for the words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, unhappiness, independence. A Now remember and write down the noun with Not, which was dictated to you.
5. Choose antonyms with Not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery– ..., opponent -..., concentration - ..., dirty - ..., neat– ..., close – ..., lie – ..., low– ....
6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with Not together:
not to grab, not to dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,
not to hear, to be perplexed, to be tender, to bask.
How do you write Not with a verb in sentences:
I'm missing 100 rubles
Am I missing 100 thousand?
7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (jointly and separately):
not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,
not to do, not to do, to be indignant, to be perplexed,
not to notice, not to notice, to rage,
don’t ask, don’t ask, (he) isn’t feeling well,
itching, to overlook (someone).
From what verbs is it impossible to form gerunds?
(After completing the last two exercises, the children have in their notebooks a list of almost all verbs and gerunds that, without Not are not used).
VII. Exercise to restore deformed text for consolidation.
Correct any mistakes made in the text.
And since their corner was almost deserted, there was nowhere to get the latest news about what was happening in this world: the transporters with wooden utensils lived only twenty miles away and knew little more than them. There was nothing even to compare their lives with: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.
Happy people lived, thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be otherwise, confident that everyone else lives exactly the same way and that living differently is a sin.
In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, not one has died, let alone a violent death, or even a natural death.
And if someone fell into eternal sleep from old age or from some long-standing illness, then for a long time afterward they could not bear such an unusual case.
Once, however, he was found lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, near the bridge, apparently, a man who had lagged behind the passing artel.
The men did not dare to come close. The passerby made a movement to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.
And everyone went to the village, telling the old people that the person lying there was not from here and was not saying anything.
“Not from here, don’t touch it!” - said the old people .
(According to I.A. Goncharov)
VIII. Write a dictation.
THE BOYS ARE LOST
The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. Wrong trees, wrong swamps, wrong grass. Some strange flowers are visible, they weren’t there before. And instead of a road there is an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had fallen through the ground. The sun has set. But they were not at all ready for sunset. The darkness in the forest was pitch-black, but they were walking straight ahead, not making out the road, and it was impossible to make out. They saw no more of each other. Suddenly Kolya became wary and shuddered. A long, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them uncontrollably through stumps, swamps, and bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustling of the rain. Both were trembling and rubbing their hands on their knees as they walked.
(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)
LITERATURE
1. Bogdanova G.A."Russian language lessons in 8th grade."
2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards A, step by step."
3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Support diagrams. Exercises. M., 2005.
O.P. ECHINA,
Moscow
The particle “not” performs a very important semantic function in the Russian language. And the meaning of the entire phrase sometimes depends on how it is written with the word - together or separately. Spelling “not” with nouns is one of the sections of grammar that everyone must master educated person. Otherwise, speech incidents are inevitable...
Separate writing
The particle “not” with nouns in most situations has a separate spelling, responsible for the negative meaning of the phrase. And few people will have doubts about, for example, such options: not sadness, not mom, not summer, not rain, not a word, not evening, and so on, and similar phrases and phrases.
- It was not sadness in his eyes...
- Not yet evening.
- It wasn’t her mother who came to pick her up in the garden today.
Definitely in these examples “not” with nouns is written separately.
Continuous writing
But there are options when it would be right continuous writing. Examples of these include the following:
- A noun without “not” is not used - fable, ignoramus, scoundrel.
- A noun with “not” can be easily replaced with a synonym without a particle, and the meaning will not be lost - foe (enemy), non-existence (death), bondage (slavery), untruth (lie). At the end of his life he suffered severe captivity. The enemies tried.
- The noun is the term: non-metal, non-combatant (Among these chemical elements there is also a non-metal).
- The noun denotes a person and to some extent indicates a quality: non-specialist, non-professional (When a non-professional gets down to business, it’s time to shout “guard”).
Difficult situations
In some cases, writing “not” with nouns causes serious difficulties, since it seems that the rule of unity can be applied, but somehow the result does not “look” at all. For example, here are the following sentences:
- This was not the promised will, but real slavery. (There is an opposition expressed by the conjunction “a”).
- He's not my friend, please! (We are not talking about enmity, but we are not talking about friendship either).
- You remember everything, don’t you?! (It is impossible to replace “not true” with the word “lie.”)
- It was not the existence of saints that bothered him now. (There is an “amplifier” of the negation “at all”, in the place of which there can be “at all”, “not at all”, “not at all”, “absolutely”, etc.).
“Not” with nouns, examples of which are given in this paragraph, is written separately, as required by the context. Although just above the same words are written together. And this is another reminder of the semantic significance of the particle and the influence of meaning on its spelling.
| In contact with: |