Before sending an electronic appeal to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.

1. Electronic applications within the sphere of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled out in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.

2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.

3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry ensures objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Review of electronic appeals is free of charge.

4. In accordance with Federal Law No. 59-FZ dated May 2, 2006 “On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation,” electronic appeals are registered within three days and sent, depending on the content, to the structural divisions of the Ministry. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the relevant body or the relevant official whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.

5. Electronic appeal is not considered if:
- absence of the applicant’s surname and name;
- indication of an incomplete or unreliable postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- absence of punctuation marks in the text, presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already been given a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.

6. The response to the applicant is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.

7. When considering an appeal, disclosure of information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to the private life of a citizen, is not permitted without his consent. Information about applicants’ personal data is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.

8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and presented to the leadership of the Ministry for information. Answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections “for residents” and “for specialists”

These rules apply to work during the construction of new ones, as well as during the reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises for the installation and adjustment of electrical devices, including: electrical substations, distribution points and overhead power lines with voltage up to 750 kV, cable lines with voltage up to 220 kV, relay protection, power electrical equipment, internal and external electric lighting, grounding devices.

The rules do not apply to. production and acceptance of work on the installation and adjustment of electrical devices of the subway, mines and mines, contact networks of electrified transport, signaling systems of railway transport, as well as high-security premises of nuclear power plants, which must be carried out in accordance with departmental construction standards approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

The rules must be observed by all organizations and enterprises involved in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. When organizing and carrying out work on the installation and adjustment of electrical devices, the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP III-4-80, state standards, and technical specifications must be observed. Rules for the construction of electrical installations approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy, and departmental regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

1.2. Work on installation and adjustment of electrical devices should be carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the main sets of drawings of electrical grades; according to working documentation of electric drives; according to the working documentation of non-standardized equipment, completed by the design organization; according to the working documentation of manufacturers of technological equipment that supply power and control cabinets with it.

1.3. Installation of electrical devices should be carried out on the basis of the use of unit and complete block construction methods, with the installation of equipment supplied in large units that do not require straightening, cutting, drilling or other fitting operations and adjustments during installation. When accepting working documentation for work, it is necessary to check that it takes into account the requirements for the industrialization of the installation of electrical devices, as well as the mechanization of cable laying, rigging and installation of technological equipment.

1.4. Electrical installation work should usually be carried out in two stages.

In the first stage, inside buildings and structures, work is carried out on the installation of support structures for the installation of electrical equipment and busbars, for laying cables and wires, installation of trolleys for electric overhead cranes, installation of steel and plastic pipes for electrical wiring, laying of hidden wiring to plastering and finishing works, as well as work on the installation of external cable networks and grounding networks. The first stage of work should be carried out in buildings and structures on a combined schedule simultaneously with the main construction work, and measures should be taken to protect installed structures and laid pipes from damage and contamination.

In the second stage, work is carried out on the installation of electrical equipment, laying cables and wires, busbars and connecting cables and wires to the terminals of electrical equipment. In the electrical rooms of the facilities, the second stage of work should be carried out after the completion of the complex of general construction and finishing works and upon completion of the installation of plumbing devices, and in other rooms and areas - after the installation of technological equipment, electric motors and other electrical receivers, installation of technological, sleds - packaging technical pipelines and ventilation ducts.

At small sites remote from the locations of electrical installation organizations, work should be carried out by mobile complex teams combining two stages of their implementation into one.

included in the specifications for units to be manufactured at assembly and assembly plants of electrical installation organizations.

1.6. The end of the installation of electrical devices is the completion of individual tests of the installed electrical equipment and the signing by the working commission of an acceptance certificate for electrical equipment after the individual test. The beginning of individual testing of electrical equipment is the moment of introduction of the operating mode at a given electrical installation, announced by the customer on the basis of a notification from the commissioning and electrical installation organizations.

1 .7. At each construction site, during the installation of electrical devices, special logs of electrical installation work should be kept in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, and upon completion of the work, the electrical installation organization is obliged to transfer to the general contractor the documentation presented to the working commission in accordance with SNiP III-3-81. The list of acts and protocols of inspections and tests is determined by the VSN, approved in the established SNiP 1.01.01-82 in order.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

ELECTRICAL DEVICES

SNiP 3.05.06-85

GOSSTROY USSR

MOSCOW 1988

DEVELOPED BY VNIIproektelectromontazh Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR ( VC. Dobrynin, I.N. Dolgov- topic leaders, Ph.D. tech. sciences V.A. Antonov, A.L. Blinchikov, V.V. Belotserkovets, V.A. Demyantsev, Ph.D. tech. sciences N.I. Korotkov, E.G. Panteleev, Ph.D. tech. sciences Yu.A. Roslov, S.N. Starostin, A.K. Shulzhitsky), Orgenergostroy Ministry of Energy of the USSR ( G.N. Elenbogen, N.V. Balanov, N.A. Voinilovich, A.L. Gonchar, N.M. Lerner), Selenergoproekt of the USSR Ministry of Energy ( G.F. Sumin, Yu.V. Nepomnyashchiy), UGPI Tyazhpromelektroproekt Minmontazhspetsstroy of the Ukrainian SSR ( E.G. Poddubny, A.A. Koba).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL BY Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR ( B.A. Sokolov).

With the entry into force of SNiP 3.05.06-85 “Electrical devices”, SNiP III-33-76*, SN 85-74, SN 102-76* are no longer valid.

AGREED WITH Glavgosenergonadzor of the USSR Ministry of Energy (letter dated January 31, 1985 No. 17-58), GUPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (letter dated September 16, 1985 No. 7/6/3262), chief sanitary doctor of the USSR Ministry of Health (letter dated January 14, 1985 No. 122-4/336-4).

When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Equipment”, “Collection of Amendments to Building Codes and Rules” of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index “USSR State Standards” of the State Standard.

The rules do not apply to the production and acceptance of work on the installation and adjustment of electrical devices of the subway, mines and mines, contact networks of electrified transport, signaling systems of railway transport, as well as high-security premises of nuclear power plants, which must be carried out in accordance with departmental construction standards approved in in accordance with the procedure established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

The rules must be observed by all organizations and enterprises involved in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. When organizing and carrying out work on the installation and commissioning of electrical devices, you must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP III-4-80, state standards, technical specifications, Rules for the installation of electrical installations approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy, and departmental regulatory documents approved in accordance with the procedure , established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

1.2. Work on installation and adjustment of electrical devices should be carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the main sets of drawings of electrical grades; according to working documentation of electric drives; according to the working documentation of non-standardized equipment completed by the design organization; according to the working documentation of manufacturers of technological equipment that supply power and control cabinets with it.

1.3. Installation of electrical devices should be carried out on the basis of the use of modular and complete block construction methods, with the installation of equipment supplied in large units that do not require straightening, cutting, drilling or other fitting operations and adjustments during installation. When accepting working documentation for work, it is necessary to check that it takes into account the requirements for the industrialization of the installation of electrical devices, as well as the mechanization of cable laying, rigging and installation of technological equipment.

1.4. Electrical installation work should usually be carried out in two stages.

In the first stage, inside buildings and structures, work is carried out on the installation of supporting structures for the installation of electrical equipment and busbars, for the laying of cables and wires, the installation of trolleys for electric overhead cranes, the installation of steel and plastic pipes for electrical wiring, the laying of hidden wiring before plastering and finishing work, as well as work on the installation of external cable networks and grounding networks. The first stage of work should be carried out in buildings and structures on a combined schedule simultaneously with the main construction work, and measures should be taken to protect installed structures and laid pipes from damage and contamination.

In the second stage, work is carried out on the installation of electrical equipment, laying cables and wires, busbars and connecting cables and wires to the terminals of electrical equipment. In the electrical rooms of the facilities, the second stage of work should be performed after the completion of the complex of general construction and finishing works and upon completion of the installation of plumbing devices, and in other rooms and areas - after the installation of technological equipment, electric motors and other electrical receivers, installation of technological, sanitary pipelines and ventilation ducts.

At small sites remote from the locations of electrical installation organizations, work should be carried out by mobile integrated teams, combining two stages of their implementation into one.

1.5. Electrical equipment, products and materials should be delivered according to a schedule agreed with the electrical installation organization, which should provide for the priority delivery of materials and products included in the specifications for units to be manufactured at the assembly and completion plants of the electrical installation organization.

1.7. At each construction site, during the installation of electrical devices, special logs of electrical installation work should be kept in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, and upon completion of the work, the electrical installation organization is obliged to transfer to the general contractor the documentation presented to the working commission in accordance with SNiP III-3-81. The list of acts and protocols of inspections and tests is determined by the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

2. PREPARATION FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK

2.1. Installation of electrical devices must be preceded by preparation in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 and these rules.

2.2. Before work begins at the site, the following activities must be completed:

a) working documentation has been received in the quantity and within the time frame specified by the Rules on capital construction contracts, approved by a resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers, and the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the USSR State Planning Committee;

b) agreed delivery schedules for equipment, products and materials, taking into account the technological sequence of work, a list of electrical equipment installed with the involvement of installation supervision personnel of supplier enterprises, conditions for transportation to the installation site of heavy and large electrical equipment;

c) the necessary premises have been adopted to accommodate teams of workers, engineering and technical workers, a production base, as well as for storing materials and tools, ensuring measures for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85;

d) a work project has been developed, engineering and technical workers and foremen have been familiarized with working documentation and estimates, organizational and technical solutions for the work project;

e) the construction part of the facility was accepted according to the act for the installation of electrical devices in accordance with the requirements of these rules and the measures provided for by the norms and rules for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection during the work were carried out;

f) the general contractor performed general construction and auxiliary work provided for by the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors.

2.3. Equipment, products, materials and technical documentation must be transferred for installation in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts and the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors.

2.4. When accepting equipment for installation, it is inspected, completeness is checked (without disassembly), and the availability and validity period of manufacturer’s warranties are checked.

2.5. The condition of the cables on the drums must be checked in the presence of the customer by external inspection. The results of the inspection are documented in a document.

2.6 When accepting prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of overhead lines (OHL), the following should be checked:

the dimensions of the elements, the position of the steel embedded parts, as well as the surface quality and appearance of the elements. The specified parameters must comply with GOST 13015.0-83, GOST 22687.0-85, GOST 24762-81, GOST 26071-84, GOST 23613-79, as well as PUE;

the presence on the surface of reinforced concrete structures intended for installation in an aggressive environment, waterproofing performed at the manufacturer.

2.7. Insulators and linear fittings must meet the requirements of the relevant state standards and technical specifications. When accepting them, you should check:

availability of a manufacturer's passport for each batch of insulators and linear fittings, certifying their quality;

the absence of cracks, deformations, cavities, chips, damage to the glaze on the surface of the insulators, as well as rocking and turning of steel reinforcement relative to the cement seal or porcelain;

absence of cracks, deformations, cavities and damage to galvanization and threads in linear reinforcement.

Minor damage to galvanizing may be painted over.

2.8. Elimination of defects and damage discovered during the transfer of electrical equipment is carried out in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts.

2.9. Electrical equipment for which the standard storage period specified in state standards or technical conditions has expired is accepted for installation only after a pre-installation inspection, correction of defects and testing. The results of the work performed must be entered into forms, passports and other accompanying documentation, or an act on the implementation of the specified work must be drawn up.

2.10. Electrical equipment, products and materials accepted for installation should be stored in accordance with the requirements of state standards or technical specifications.

2.11. For large and complex objects with a large volume of cable lines in tunnels, channels and cable mezzanines, as well as electrical equipment in electrical rooms, the construction organization project must define measures for advanced installation (versus the installation of cable networks) of internal fire water supply systems, automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarms provided for in the working drawings.

2.12. In electrical rooms (panel rooms, control rooms, substations and switchgears, machine rooms, battery rooms, cable tunnels and channels, cable mezzanines, etc.), finished floors with drainage channels, the necessary slope and waterproofing and finishing work (plastering and painting) must be carried out ), embedded parts were installed and installation openings were left, the lifting and load-moving mechanisms and devices provided for by the project were installed, pipe blocks, holes and openings for the passage of pipes and cables, grooves, niches and nests were prepared in accordance with the architectural and construction drawings and the work project, Power supply for temporary electric lighting in all rooms has been completed.

2.13. In buildings and structures, heating and ventilation systems must be put into operation, bridges, platforms and suspended ceiling structures provided for by the project for the installation and maintenance of electric lighting installations located at height must be installed and tested, as well as mounting structures for multi-lamp lamps (chandeliers) weighing over 100 kg; Asbestos-cement pipes and pipes, and pipe blocks for the passage of cables, as specified in the working construction drawings, were laid outside and inside buildings and structures.

2.14. Foundations for electrical machines should be handed over for installation with fully completed construction and finishing work, installed air coolers and ventilation ducts, with benchmarks and axial strips (marks) in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-83 and these rules.

2.15. On the supporting (rough) surfaces of foundations, depressions of no more than 10 mm and slopes of up to 1:100 are allowed. Deviations in construction dimensions should be no more than: for axial dimensions in plan - plus 30 mm, for elevation marks of the surface of the foundations (excluding the height of the grout) - minus 30 mm, for the dimensions of ledges in plan - minus 20 mm, for the dimensions of wells - plus 20 mm, along the marks of ledges in recesses and wells - minus 20 mm, along the axes of the anchor bolts in plan - ±5 mm, along the axes of embedded anchor devices in plan - ± 10 mm, along the marks of the upper ends of the anchor bolts - ±20 mm.

2.16. The delivery and acceptance of foundations for the installation of electrical equipment, the installation of which is carried out with the involvement of installation supervision personnel, is carried out jointly with representatives of the organization carrying out installation supervision.

2.17. Upon completion of finishing work in battery rooms, acid- or alkali-resistant coatings of walls, ceilings and floors must be made. Heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems were installed and tested.

2.18. Before the start of electrical installation work on open switchgears with a voltage of 35 kV and above, the construction organization must complete the construction of access roads, approaches and entrances, install busbars and linear portals, build foundations for electrical equipment, cable channels with ceilings, fences around the outdoor switchgear, emergency discharge tanks oils, underground communications and territory planning is completed. In the structures of portals and foundations for equipment, the embedded parts and fasteners provided for by the project, necessary for fastening garlands of insulators and equipment, must be installed. In cable ducts and tunnels, embedded parts must be installed for fastening cable structures and air ducts. The construction of the water supply system and other fire-fighting devices provided for in the project must also be completed.

2.19. The construction part of outdoor switchgear and substations with a voltage of 330-750 kV should be accepted for installation for their full development, provided for by the project for the design period.

2.20. Before the start of electrical installation work on the construction of overhead power lines with voltages up to 1000 V and above, preparatory work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, including:

Inventory structures have been prepared in the locations of construction sites and temporary bases for storing materials and equipment; temporary access roads, bridges and installation sites were constructed;

clearings have been made;

The demolition of buildings envisaged by the project and the reconstruction of intersecting engineering structures located on or near the overhead line route and interfering with the work were carried out.

2.21. Routes for laying cables in the ground must be prepared before the start of its laying in volume: water has been pumped out from the trench and stones, clods of earth, and construction debris have been removed; at the bottom of the trench there is a cushion of loosened earth; soil punctures were made at the intersections of the route with roads and other engineering structures, and pipes were laid.

After laying cables in the trench and the electrical installation organization has submitted a certificate for hidden work on laying cables, the trench should be backfilled.

2.22. Block sewer routes for laying cables must be prepared taking into account the following requirements:

the design depth of the blocks is maintained from the planning mark;

ensured correct installation and waterproofing of joints of reinforced concrete blocks and pipes;

cleanliness and alignment of the channels is ensured;

there are double covers (the lower one with a lock) for the well hatches, metal ladders or brackets for descending into the well.

2.23. When constructing overpasses for laying cables on their supporting structures (columns) and on spans, the embedded elements provided for by the design must be installed for installing cable rollers, bypass devices and other devices.

2.24. The general contractor must present construction readiness for acceptance for installation in residential buildings - section by section, in public buildings - floor by floor (or by room).

Reinforced concrete, gypsum concrete, expanded clay concrete floor panels, internal wall panels and partitions, reinforced concrete columns and factory-made crossbars must have channels (pipes) for laying wires, niches, sockets with embedded parts for installing plug sockets, switches, bells and bell buttons in accordance with working drawings. The flow sections of channels and embedded non-metallic pipes should not differ by more than 15% from those indicated in the working drawings.

The displacement of nests and niches at junctions of adjacent building structures should not be more than 40 mm.

2.25. In buildings and structures handed over for the installation of electrical equipment, the general contractor must make the holes, grooves, niches and sockets specified in the architectural and construction drawings in the foundations, walls, partitions, ceilings and coverings necessary for the installation of electrical equipment and installation products, laying pipes for electrical wiring and electrical networks.

The specified holes, grooves, niches and nests not left in building structures during their construction are made by the general contractor in accordance with architectural and construction drawings.

Holes with a diameter of less than 30 mm, which cannot be taken into account when developing drawings and which cannot be provided for in building structures according to the conditions of their manufacturing technology (holes in walls, partitions, ceilings only for installing dowels, studs and pins of various supporting structures), must carried out by an electrical installation organization at the work site.

After performing electrical installation work, the general contractor is obliged to seal holes, grooves, niches and sockets.

2.26. When accepting foundations for transformers, the presence and correct installation of anchors for fastening traction devices when rolling transformers and foundations for jacks for turning the rollers must be checked.

3. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1. When loading, unloading, moving, lifting and installing electrical equipment, measures must be taken to protect it from damage, while heavy electrical equipment must be securely strapped to the parts provided for this purpose or in the places specified by the manufacturer.

3.2. During installation, electrical equipment is not subject to disassembly or inspection, except in cases where this is provided for by state and industry standards or technical specifications agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

Disassembly of equipment received sealed from the manufacturer is prohibited.

3.3. Electrical equipment and cable products that are deformed or with damaged protective coatings are not subject to installation until damage and defects are eliminated in the prescribed manner.

3.4. When carrying out electrical installation work, you should use standard sets of special tools for the types of electrical installation work, as well as mechanisms and devices intended for this purpose.

3.5. As support structures and fasteners for the installation of trolleys, busbars, trays, boxes, hinged panels and control stations, protective starting equipment and lamps, factory-made products should be used that have increased installation readiness (with a protective coating, adapted for fastening without welding and do not require large labor costs for mechanical processing).

Fastening of supporting structures should be carried out by welding to embedded parts provided in building elements, or with fasteners (dowels, pins, studs, etc.). The method of fastening must be indicated in the working drawings.

3.6. The color designation of current-carrying busbars of switchgears, trolleys, grounding busbars, overhead line wires should be carried out in accordance with the instructions given in the project.

3.7. When carrying out work, the electrical installation organization must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004-76 and Fire Safety Rules during construction and installation work. When introducing an operational regime at a facility, ensuring fire safety is the responsibility of the customer.

CONTACT CONNECTIONS

3.8. Dismountable connections of busbars and cores of wires and cables to contact terminals of electrical equipment, installation products and busbars must meet the requirements of GOST 10434-82.

3.9. At the points where wires and cables are connected, a reserve of wire or cable should be provided to ensure the possibility of reconnection.

3.10. Places of connections and branches must be accessible for inspection and repair. The insulation of connections and branches must be equivalent to the insulation of the cores of the connected wires and cables.

At junctions and branches, wires and cables should not experience mechanical stress.

3.11. The cable core with impregnated paper insulation should be terminated using sealed current-carrying fittings (lugs) that prevent leakage of the cable impregnating compound.

3.12. Connections and branches of busbars should, as a rule, be made non-separable (using welding).

In places where dismountable joints are required, busbar connections should be made with bolts or compression plates. The number of collapsible joints should be minimal.

3.13. Connections of overhead line wires with voltage up to 20 kV should be made:

a) in the loops of anchor-angle type supports: with anchor and branch wedge clamps; connecting oval, mounted by crimping; loop dies, using thermite cartridges, and wires of different brands and sections - with hardware pressed clamps;

b) in spans: with connecting oval clamps mounted by twisting.

Single-wire wires can be connected by twisting. Butt welding of solid wires is not permitted.

3.14. The connection of overhead line wires with voltages above 20 kV must be performed:

a) in the loops of anchor-angle type supports:

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240 mm 2 and above - using thermite cartridges and crimping using explosion energy;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 mm 2 and above - using pressed connectors;

wires of different brands - with bolt clamps;

wires made of aluminum alloy - with loop clamps or oval connectors mounted by crimping;

b) in spans:

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of up to 185 mm 2 and steel ropes with a cross-section of up to 50 mm 2 - with oval connectors mounted by twisting;

steel ropes with a cross section of 70-95 mm 2 - oval connectors mounted by crimping or crimping with additional thermite welding of the ends;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240-400 mm 2 - with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping and crimping using explosion energy;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 mm 2 and more - with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping.

3.15. The connection of copper and steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 35-120 mm 2, as well as aluminum wires with a cross-section of 120-185 mm 2 when installing contact networks should be made with oval connectors, steel ropes - with clamps with a connecting strip between them. Steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 50-95 mm 2 can be joined using wedge clamps with a connecting strip between them.

ELECTRICAL WIRING

General requirements

3.16. The rules of this subsection apply to the installation of electrical wiring of power, lighting and secondary circuits with voltages up to 1000 V AC and DC, laid inside and outside buildings and structures using insulated installation wires of all sections and unarmored cables with rubber or plastic insulation with a cross section of up to 16 mm 2.

3.17. Installation of control cables should be carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 3.56-3.106.

3.18. Passages of unarmored cables, protected and unprotected wires through fireproof walls (partitions) and interfloor ceilings must be made in sections of pipes, or in boxes, or openings, and through combustible ones - in sections of steel pipes.

Openings in walls and ceilings must have a frame that prevents their destruction during operation. In places where wires and cables pass through walls, ceilings or where they exit outside, the gaps between the wires, cables and the pipe (duct, opening) should be sealed with an easily removable mass of non-combustible material.

The seal should be made on each side of the pipe (box, etc.).

When laying non-metallic pipes openly, sealing the places where they pass through fire barriers must be done with non-combustible materials immediately after laying cables or wires into the pipes.

Sealing the gaps between pipes (ducts, openings) and the building structure (see clause 2.25), as well as between wires and cables laid in pipes (ducts, openings), with an easily removable mass of fireproof material should provide fire resistance corresponding to the fire resistance of the building structure .

Laying wires and cables on trays and boxes

3.19. The design and degree of protection of trays and boxes, as well as the method of laying wires and cables on trays and boxes (in bulk, in bundles, multi-layered, etc.) must be indicated in the project.

3.20. The method of installing boxes should not allow moisture to accumulate in them. The boxes used for open electrical wiring must, as a rule, have removable or opening covers.

3.21. For hidden gaskets, blind boxes should be used.

3.22. Wires and cables laid in boxes and on trays must be marked at the beginning and end of the trays and boxes, as well as at the points where they are connected to electrical equipment, and the cables, in addition, also at route turns and branches.

3.23. Fastenings of unprotected wires and cables with a metal sheath with metal staples or bandages must be made with gaskets made of elastic insulating materials.

Laying wires on insulating supports

3.24. When laying on insulating supports, the connection or branch of the wires should be made directly at the insulator, face, roller or on them.

3.25. The distances between fastening points along the route and between the axes of parallel unprotected insulated wires on insulating supports must be indicated in the project.

3.26. Hooks and brackets with insulators must be fixed only to the main material of the walls, and rollers and clasps for wires with a cross-section of up to 4 mm 2 inclusive. can be fixed to plaster or to the cladding of wooden buildings. Insulators on hooks must be securely fastened.

3.27. When fastening rollers with wood grouse, metal and elastic washers should be placed under the heads of the wood grouse, and when fastening rollers on metal, elastic washers should be placed under their bases.

Laying wires and cables on a steel rope

3.28. Wires and cables (in polyvinyl chloride, nayrite, lead or aluminum sheaths with rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation) must be secured to the supporting steel rope or to the wire with bandages or clasps installed at distances of no more than 0.5 m from each other.

3.29. Cables and wires laid on ropes, in places where they pass from the rope to building structures, must be relieved from mechanical forces.

Vertical wiring hangers on a steel rope should be located, as a rule, in places where branch boxes, plug connectors, lamps, etc. are installed. The sag of the rope in the spans between the fastenings should be within 1/40 - 1/60 of the span length. Splicing of ropes in the span between the end fastenings is not allowed.

3.30. To prevent swinging of lighting electrical wiring, guy ropes must be installed on the steel rope. The number of guy wires must be determined in the working drawings.

3.31. For branches from special cable wires, special boxes must be used to ensure the creation of a cable loop, as well as the supply of cores necessary to connect the outgoing line using branch clamps without cutting the main line.

Laying installation wires on building foundations and inside main building structures

3.32. Open and hidden installation of installation wires is not allowed at temperatures below minus 15 °C.

3.33. When laying wires hidden under a layer of plaster or in thin-walled (up to 80 mm) partitions, the wires must be laid parallel to the architectural and construction lines. The distance of horizontally laid wires from floor slabs should not exceed 150 mm. In building structures with a thickness of over 80 mm, wires must be laid along the shortest routes.

3.34. All connections and branches of installation wires must be made by welding, crimping in sleeves or using clamps in branch boxes.

Metal branch boxes where wires enter them must have bushings made of insulating materials. It is allowed to use pieces of polyvinyl chloride tube instead of bushings. In dry rooms, it is allowed to place wire branches in sockets and niches of walls and ceilings, as well as in ceiling voids. The walls of the sockets and niches must be smooth, the branches of the wires located in the sockets and niches must be covered with covers made of fireproof material.

3.35. The fastening of flat wires during hidden installation should ensure their tight fit to the building foundations. In this case, the distances between the attachment points should be:

a) when laying bundles of wires to be plastered on horizontal and vertical sections - no more than 0.5 m; single wires - 0.9 m;

b) when covering wires with dry plaster - up to 1.2 m.

3.36. The baseboard wiring device must ensure separate laying of power and low-current wires.

3.37. The fastening of the plinth must ensure its tight fit to the building foundations, while the pull-off force must be at least 190 N, and the gap between the plinth, wall and floor must not be more than 2 mm. Skirting boards should be made from fireproof and fire-resistant materials that have electrical insulating properties.

3.38. In accordance with GOST 12504-80, GOST 12767-80 and GOST 9574-80, the panels must have internal channels or embedded plastic pipes and embedded elements for hidden replaceable electrical wiring, sockets and holes for installing junction boxes, switches and plug sockets.

Holes intended for electrical installation products and broaching niches in the wall panels of adjacent apartments should not be through. If, according to the manufacturing technology, it is not possible to make the holes non-through, then they must be filled with soundproofing gaskets made of vinipore or other fireproof soundproofing material.

3.39. The installation of pipes and boxes in reinforcement frames should be carried out on conductors according to working drawings that determine the attachment points of installation, branch and ceiling boxes. To ensure that the boxes, after molding, are located flush with the surface of the panels, they should be attached to the reinforcement frame in such a way that when installing boxes in blocks, the height of the block corresponds to the thickness of the panel, and when installing the boxes separately, to prevent them from moving inside the panels, the front surface of the boxes should protrude beyond the plane of the reinforcement frame by 30-35 mm.

3.40. The channels must have a smooth surface throughout, without sagging or sharp corners.

The thickness of the protective layer above the channel (pipe) must be at least 10 mm.

The length of the channels between broaching niches or boxes should be no more than 8 m.

Laying wires and cables in steel pipes

3.41. Steel pipes may be used for electrical wiring only in cases specifically justified in the project in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

3.42. Steel pipes used for electrical wiring must have an internal surface that prevents damage to the wire insulation when they are pulled into the pipe and an anti-corrosion coating on the outer surface. For pipes embedded in building structures, external anti-corrosion coating is not required. Pipes laid in rooms with a chemically active environment, inside and outside, must have an anti-corrosion coating that is resistant to the conditions of this environment. Insulating sleeves should be installed where wires exit steel pipes.

3.43. Steel pipes for electrical wiring laid in foundations for technological equipment must be secured to supporting structures or reinforcement before concreting the foundations. Where pipes exit from the foundation into the ground, the measures provided for in the working drawings must be taken to prevent the pipes from being cut off due to settlement of the soil or foundation.

3.44. Where pipes intersect temperature and settlement seams, compensating devices must be made in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

3.45. The distances between the fastening points of openly laid steel pipes should not exceed the values indicated in the table. 1. Fastening steel electrical wiring pipes directly to process pipelines, as well as welding them directly to various structures, is not allowed.

Table 1

3.46. When bending pipes, normalized bending angles of 90, 120 and 135° and normalized bending radii of 400, 800 and 1000 mm should generally be used. A bending radius of 400 mm should be used for pipes laid in ceilings and for vertical outlets; 800 and 1000 mm - when laying pipes in monolithic foundations and when laying cables with single-wire conductors in them. When preparing packages and blocks of pipes, you should also adhere to the specified normalized angles and bending radii.

3.47. When laying wires in vertically laid pipes (risers), their fastening must be provided, and the fastening points must be spaced from each other at a distance not exceeding m:

for wires up to 50 mm 2 incl. thirty

the same, from 70 to 150 mm 2 incl. 20

« « 185 « 240 mm 2 « 15

Wires should be secured using clips or clamps in duct or branch boxes or at the ends of pipes.

3.48. When laid hidden in the floor, pipes must be buried at least 20 mm and protected with a layer of cement mortar. It is allowed to install branch and duct boxes in the floor, for example for modular wiring.

3.49. The distances between broaching boxes (boxes) should not exceed, m: on straight sections - 75, with one bend of the pipe - 50, with two - 40, with three - 20.

Wires and cables in pipes should lie freely, without tension. The diameter of the pipes should be taken in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

Laying wires and cables in non-metallic pipes

3.50. The laying of non-metallic (plastic) pipes for tightening wires and cables in them must be done in accordance with the working drawings at an air temperature not lower than minus 20 and not higher than plus 60 ° C.

In foundations, plastic pipes (usually polyethylene) should be laid only on horizontally compacted soil or a layer of concrete.

In foundations up to 2 m deep, the installation of polyvinyl chloride pipes is allowed. In this case, measures must be taken against mechanical damage during concreting and backfilling of soil.

3.51. The fastening of openly laid non-metallic pipes must allow their free movement (movable fastening) during linear expansion or contraction due to changes in ambient temperature. The distances between the installation points of the movable fasteners must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.

table 2

Pipe outer diameter, mm	Pipe outer diameter, mm	Distances between fastening points for horizontal and vertical installation, mm

3.52. The thickness of the concrete mortar above the pipes (single and blocks) when they are monolithic in floor preparations must be at least 20 mm. Where pipe routes intersect, a protective layer of concrete mortar between the pipes is not required. In this case, the depth of the top row must meet the above requirements. If, when crossing pipes, it is impossible to ensure the required depth of pipes, they should be protected from mechanical damage by installing metal sleeves, casings or other means in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

3.53. Protection against mechanical damage at the intersection of electrical wiring laid in the floor in plastic pipes with intra-shop transport routes with a concrete layer of 100 mm or more is not required. The exit of plastic pipes from foundations, sub-floors and other building structures should be made with sections or elbows of polyvinyl chloride pipes, and, if mechanical damage is possible, with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.

3.54. When polyvinyl chloride pipes exit onto walls in places of possible mechanical damage, they should be protected with steel structures to a height of up to 1.5 m or exited from the wall with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.

3.55. The connection of plastic pipes must be carried out:

polyethylene - tight fit using couplings, hot casing into a socket, couplings made of heat-shrinkable materials, welding;

polyvinyl chloride - tight fit in a socket or using couplings. Connection by gluing is allowed.

CABLE LINES

General requirements

3.56. These rules must be observed when installing power cable lines with voltages up to 220 kV.

Installation of cable lines of the subway, mines, mines should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

3.57. The smallest permissible bending radii of cables and the permissible level difference between the highest and lowest points of the location of cables with impregnated paper insulation on the route must comply with the requirements of GOST 24183-80*, GOST 16441-78, GOST 24334-80. GOST 1508-78*E and approved technical specifications.

3.58. When laying cables, measures should be taken to protect them from mechanical damage. The tensile forces of cables up to 35 kV must be within the limits given in table. 3. Winches and other traction means must be equipped with adjustable limiting devices to turn off the traction when forces exceed the permissible ones. Pulling devices that crimp the cable (drive rollers), as well as rotating devices, must exclude the possibility of cable deformation.

For cables with voltage 110-220 kV, permissible tensile forces are given in clause 3.100.

3.59. Cables should be laid with a length margin of 1-2%. In trenches and on solid surfaces inside buildings and structures, the reserve is achieved by laying the cable in a “snake” pattern, and along cable structures (brackets) this reserve is used to form a sag.

Laying the cable reserve in the form of rings (turns) is not allowed.

Table 3

Cable cross-section, mm 2	Tensile force for aluminum sheath, kN, cable voltage, kV	Tensile force on cores, kN, cable up to 35, kV
	Tensile force for aluminum sheath, kN, cable voltage, kV		aluminum stranded	aluminum single wire
			aluminum stranded	aluminum single wire

* Made of soft aluminum with elongation not exceeding 30%.

Notes: 1. Pulling of a cable with a plastic or lead sheath is allowed only by the cores.

2. The tensile forces of the cable when pulling it through the block sewer are given in table. 4.

3. Cables armored with round wire should be pulled by the wires. Permissible stress 70-100 N/mm 2.

4. Control cables and armored and unarmored power cables with a cross-section of up to 3 ´ 16 mm 2, in contrast to the cables of large cross-sections shown in this table, can be laid mechanically by pulling behind the armor or behind the sheath using a wire stocking, the pulling forces should not exceed 1 kN .

3.60. Cables laid horizontally along structures, walls, floors, trusses, etc. should be rigidly secured at the end points, directly at the end couplings, at route turns, on both sides of bends and at connecting and locking couplings.

3.61. Cables laid vertically along structures and walls must be secured to each cable structure.

3.62. The distances between supporting structures are taken in accordance with the working drawings. When laying power and control cables with an aluminum sheath on supporting structures with a distance of 6000 mm, a residual deflection in the middle of the span must be ensured: 250-300 mm when laid on overpasses and galleries, at least 100-150 mm in other cable structures.

The structures on which unarmored cables are laid must be designed to exclude the possibility of mechanical damage to the cable sheaths.

In places where unarmored cables with a lead or aluminum sheath are rigidly attached to structures, gaskets made of elastic material (for example, sheet rubber, sheet polyvinyl chloride) must be laid; unarmored cables with a plastic sheath or plastic hose, as well as armored cables, may be secured to structures with brackets (clamps) without gaskets.

3.63. Armored and unarmored cables indoors and outdoors in places where mechanical damage is possible (movement of vehicles, loads and machinery, accessibility for unqualified personnel) must be protected to a safe height, but not less than 2 m from the ground or floor level and at a depth of 0 .3 m in the ground.

3.64. The ends of all cables whose sealing is broken during installation must be temporarily sealed before installing the connecting and termination couplings.

3.65. Cable passages through walls, partitions and ceilings in industrial premises and cable structures must be made through sections of non-metallic pipes (free-flow asbestos, plastic, etc.), textured holes in reinforced concrete structures or open openings. Gaps in pipe sections, holes and openings after laying cables must be sealed with fireproof material, for example cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, perlite expanded with building plaster - 1:2, etc., over the entire thickness of the wall or partition.

Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.

3.66. The trench before laying the cable must be inspected to identify places on the route containing substances that have a destructive effect on the metal cover and cable sheath (salt marshes, lime, water, bulk soil containing slag or construction waste, areas located closer than 2 m from cesspools and garbage pits, etc.). If it is impossible to bypass these places, the cable must be laid in clean neutral soil in free-flow asbestos-cement pipes, coated inside and outside with a bitumen composition, etc. When backfilling the cable with neutral soil, the trench must be additionally expanded on both sides by 0.5-0. 6 m and deepened by 0.3-0.4 m.

3.67. Cable entries into buildings, cable structures and other premises must be made in asbestos-cement free-flow pipes in textured holes in reinforced concrete structures. The ends of the pipes must protrude from the wall of the building into the trench, and if there is a blind area, beyond the line of the latter by at least 0.6 m and have a slope towards the trench.

3.68. When laying multiple cables in a trench, the ends of the cables. intended for subsequent installation of connecting and locking couplings, should be located with a shift of the connection points by at least 2 m. In this case, a reserve cable of the length necessary for checking the insulation for moisture and installing the coupling, as well as laying the compensator arc (the length on each end of at least 350 mm for cables with voltages up to 10 kV and at least 400 mm for cables with voltages of 20 and 35 kV).

3.69. In cramped conditions with large cable flows, it is allowed to place expansion joints in a vertical plane below the cable laying level. The coupling remains at the level of the cable routing.

3.70. The cable laid in the trench must be covered with the first layer of earth, mechanical protection or warning tape must be laid, after which representatives of electrical installation and construction organizations, together with a representative of the customer, must inspect the route and draw up a report on hidden work.

3.71. The trench must be finally backfilled and compacted after installing the couplings and testing the line with increased voltage.

3.72. Filling the trench with clods of frozen earth, soil containing stones, pieces of metal, etc. is not allowed.

3.73. Trenchless laying from a self-propelled or traction-driven knife cable-laying machine is allowed for 1-2 armored cables with a voltage of up to 10 kV with a lead or aluminum sheath on cable routes remote from engineering structures. In urban electrical networks and industrial enterprises, trenchless installation is allowed only on extended sections in the absence of underground communications, intersections with utility structures, natural obstacles and hard surfaces along the route.

3.74. When laying a cable line route in an undeveloped area, identification marks must be installed along the entire route on concrete posts or on special signboards that are placed at the turns of the route, at the locations of connecting couplings, on both sides of intersections with roads and underground structures, at entries into buildings and every 100 m on straight sections.

On arable land, identification signs must be installed at least every 500 m.

Laying in block sewer

3.75. The total length of the block channel under the conditions of the maximum permissible tensile forces for unarmored cables with a lead sheath and copper conductors should not exceed the following values:

Cable cross-section, mm 2 to 3´50 3´70 3´95 and above

Maximum length, m 145 115 108

For unarmored cables with aluminum conductors with a cross-section of 95 mm 2 and higher in a lead or plastic sheath, the length of the channel should not exceed 150 m.

3.76. The maximum permissible tensile forces of unarmored cables with a lead sheath and with copper or aluminum conductors when attaching the traction rope to the conductors, as well as the required forces for pulling 100 m of cable through a block sewer are given in Table. 4.

Table 4

Unarmoured cable cores with lead sheath	Cable cross-section, mm 2	Permissible tensile force, kN	Required tensile force per 100 m of cable, kN, voltage, kV
Unarmoured cable cores with lead sheath	Cable cross-section, mm 2	Permissible tensile force, kN






Aluminum

Note. To reduce the tensile force when pulling the cable, it should be coated with a lubricant that does not contain substances that have a harmful effect on the cable sheath (grease, grease).

3.77. For unarmored cables with a plastic sheath, the maximum permissible tensile forces should be taken according to table. 4 with correction factors for cores:

copper 0.7

solid aluminum 0.5

"soft" 0.25

Laying in cable structures and industrial premises

3.78. When laid in cable structures, collectors and production premises, cables should not have external protective coverings made of flammable materials. Metal sheaths and cable armor that have a fireproof anti-corrosion (for example, galvanic) coating made at the manufacturer are not subject to painting after installation.

3.79. Cables in cable structures and collectors of residential areas should, as a rule, be laid in full construction lengths, avoiding, if possible, the use of couplings in them.

Cables laid horizontally along structures on open overpasses (cable and technological), in addition to fastening in places in accordance with clause 3.60, must be secured to avoid displacement under the influence of wind loads on straight horizontal sections of the route in accordance with the instructions given in the project.

3.80. When laying them on plastered and concrete walls, trusses and columns, cables in an aluminum sheath without an outer covering must be at least 25 mm from the surface of building structures. It is permissible to lay such cables on the painted surfaces of these structures without a gap.

Laying on steel rope

3.81. The diameter and grade of the rope, as well as the distance between the anchor and intermediate fastenings of the rope are determined in the working drawings. The sag of the rope after hanging the cables should be within 1/40 - 1/60 of the span length. The distances between cable hangers should be no more than 800 - 1000 mm.

3.82. Anchor end structures must be secured to the columns or walls of the building. Attaching them to beams and trusses is not allowed.

3.83. Steel rope and other metal parts for laying cables on a rope outdoors, regardless of the presence of galvanic coating, must be coated with a lubricant (for example, grease). Indoors, galvanized steel rope should be coated with lubricant only in cases where it may be subject to corrosion under the influence of an aggressive environment.

Laying in permafrost soils

3.84. The depth of cable laying in permafrost soils is determined in the working drawings.

3.85. Local soil used to backfill trenches must be crushed and compacted. Ice and snow in the trench is not allowed. The soil for the embankment should be taken from places at least 5 m away from the axis of the cable route. The soil in the trench after settlement should be covered with a moss-peat layer.

As additional measures against the occurrence of frost cracks, the following should be used:

backfilling the cable trench with sand or gravel-pebble soil;

construction of drainage ditches or slots up to 0.6 m deep, located on both sides of the route at a distance of 2-3 m from its axis;

sowing the cable route with grasses and lining with shrubs.

Low temperature gasket

3.86. Laying cables in the cold season without preheating is allowed only in cases where the air temperature within 24 hours before the start of work has not decreased, at least temporarily, below:

0 °C - for power armored and non-armored cables with paper insulation (viscous, non-drip and lean-impregnated) in a lead or aluminum sheath;

minus 5 °C - for oil-filled low and high pressure cables;

minus 7 °C - for control and power cables with voltages up to 35 kV with plastic or rubber insulation and a sheath with fibrous materials in a protective cover, as well as with armor made of steel tapes or wires;

minus 15 °C - for control and power cables with voltage up to 10 kV with polyvinyl chloride or rubber insulation and a sheath without fibrous materials in a protective cover, as well as with armor made of profiled galvanized steel tape;

minus 20 °C - for unarmored control and power cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath without fibrous materials in the protective cover, as well as with rubber insulation in a lead sheath.

3.87. Short-term drops in temperature within 2-3 hours (night frosts) should not be taken into account provided the temperature was positive in the previous period of time.

3.88. At air temperatures below those specified in clause 3.86, the cables must be preheated and laid within the following periods:

no more than 1 hour from 0 to minus 10 °C

« 40 min « minus 10 to minus 20 °С

« 30 « « « 20 °С and below

3.89. Unarmoured cables with an aluminum sheath in a polyvinyl chloride hose, even preheated ones, are not allowed to be laid at ambient temperatures below minus 20 °C.

3.90. When the ambient temperature is below minus 40 °C, laying cables of all brands is not allowed.

3.91. During installation, the heated cable should not be bent at a radius less than permissible. It is necessary to lay it in a trench in a snake with a margin of length in accordance with clause 3.59. Immediately after installation, the cable must be covered with the first layer of loosened soil. The trench should be completely filled with soil and the backfill should be compacted after the cable has cooled.

Installation of cable joints with voltage up to 35 kV

3.92. Installation of power cable couplings with voltages up to 35 kV and control cables must be carried out in accordance with departmental technological instructions approved in the prescribed manner.

3.93. Types of couplings and terminations for power cables with voltage up to 35 kV with paper and plastic insulation and control cables, as well as methods of connecting and terminating cable cores must be indicated in the project.

3.94. The clear distance between the coupling body and the nearest cable laid in the ground must be at least 250 mm. As a rule, couplings should not be installed on steeply inclined routes (more than 20° to the horizontal). If it is necessary to install couplings in such areas, they should be located on horizontal platforms. To ensure the possibility of re-installing couplings in case of damage, a cable reserve in the form of a compensator must be left on both sides of the coupling (see clause 3.68).

3.95. Cables in cable structures should be laid, as a rule, without making couplings on them. If it is necessary to use couplings on cables with a voltage of 6-35 kV, each of them must be laid on a separate supporting structure and enclosed in a fire protective casing for fire localization (manufactured in accordance with approved regulatory and technical documentation). In addition, the coupling must be separated from the upper and lower cables by fireproof protective partitions with a fire resistance rating of at least 0.25 hours.

3.96. The couplings of cables laid in blocks must be located in wells.

3.97. On a route consisting of a bore tunnel leading into a semi-bore tunnel or a non-bore tunnel, the couplings must be located in the bore tunnel.

Features of installation of cable lines with voltage 110-220 kV

3.98. Working drawings of cable lines with oil-filled cables for voltage 110-220 kV and cables with plastic (vulcanized polyethylene) insulation for voltage 110 kV and PPR for their installation must be agreed with the cable manufacturer.

3.99. The temperature of the cable and ambient air during installation must not be lower than: minus 5 °C for an oil-filled cable and minus 10 °C for a cable with plastic insulation. At lower temperatures, laying can only be permitted in accordance with the PPR.

3.100. Cables with round wire armor during mechanized installation should be pulled by the wires using a special grip that ensures uniform load distribution between the armor wires. In this case, in order to avoid deformation of the lead sheath, the total tensile force should not exceed 25 kN. Unarmored cables may only be pulled by the cores using a grip mounted at the upper end of the cable on the drum. The greatest permissible tensile force is determined from the calculation: 50 MPa (N/mm 2) - for copper conductors, 40 MPa (N/mm 2) - for conductors made of solid aluminum and 20 MPa (N/mm 2) - for conductors made of soft aluminum.

3.101. The traction winch must be equipped with a recording device and an automatic shutdown device when the maximum permissible pull value is exceeded. The recording device must be equipped with a recording device. Reliable telephone or VHF communication must be established during installation between the locations of the cable drum, winch, route turns, transitions and intersections with other communications.

3.102. Cables laid on cable structures with a span between them of 0.8-1 m must be secured on all supports with aluminum brackets with two layers of rubber 2 mm thick, unless otherwise indicated in the working documentation.

Cable line marking

3.103. Each cable line must be marked and have its own number or name.

3.104. Labels must be installed on exposed cables and cable joints.

On cables laid in cable structures, tags must be installed at least every 50-70 m, as well as in places where the direction of the route changes, on both sides of passages through interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions, in places where cables enter (exit) into trenches and cable structures.

On hidden cables in pipes or blocks, tags should be installed at the end points at the end couplings, in the wells and chambers of the block sewer system, as well as at each connecting coupling.

On hidden cables in trenches, tags are installed at the end points and at each coupling.

3.105. Tags should be used: in dry rooms - made of plastic, steel or aluminum; in damp rooms, outside buildings and in the ground - made of plastic.

Designations on tags for underground cables and cables laid in rooms with a chemically active environment should be made by stamping, punching or burning. For cables laid in other conditions, markings may be applied with indelible paint.

3.106. Tags must be secured to the cables with nylon thread or galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1-2 mm, or plastic tape with a button. The place where the tag is attached to the cable with wire and the wire itself in damp rooms, outside buildings and in the ground must be covered with bitumen to protect it from moisture.

CURRENT CONDUCTORS WITH VOLTAGE UP TO 35 kV

Current conductors with voltage up to 1 kV (busbars)

3.107. Sections with compensators and flexible sections of the main busbar trunking must be secured to two supporting structures installed symmetrically on both sides of the flexible part of the busbar trunking section. The busbar trunking should be fastened to supporting structures in horizontal sections using clamps that allow the busbar trunking to move when the temperature changes. Busbars laid in vertical sections must be rigidly secured to structures with bolts.

For ease of removal of covers (casing parts), as well as to ensure cooling, the busbar should be installed with a gap of 50 mm from the walls or other building structures of the building.

Pipes or metal hoses with wires must be inserted into branch sections through holes made in the busbar trunking casings. Pipes should be terminated with bushings.

3.108. The permanent connection of the busbar sections of the main busbar trunking must be made by welding; the connections of the distribution and lighting busbar trunkings must be dismountable (bolted).

The connection of trolley busbar sections must be carried out using special connecting parts. The current collection carriage must move freely along the guides along the slot of the box of the mounted trolley busbar.

Open conductors with voltage 6-35 kV

3.109. These rules must be observed when installing rigid and flexible conductors with a voltage of 6-35 kV.

3.110. As a rule, all work on the installation of current conductors must be carried out with preliminary preparation of units and sections of blocks at procurement and assembly sites, workshops or factories.

3.111. All connections and branches of buses and wires are made in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 3.8; 3.13; 3.14.

3.112. In places of bolted and hinged connections, measures must be provided to prevent self-unscrewing (cotter pins, lock nuts - lock, disc or spring washers). All fasteners must have an anti-corrosion coating (zinc plating, passivation).

3.113. Installation of supports for open current conductors is carried out in accordance with paragraphs. 3.129-3.146.

3.114. When adjusting the suspension of a flexible conductor, uniform tension of all its links must be ensured.

3.115. Connections of flexible conductor wires should be made in the middle of the span after the wires have been rolled out before they are drawn out.

OVERHEAD POWER LINES

Cutting clearings

3.116. The clearing along the overhead line route must be cleared of felled trees and shrubs. Commercial timber and firewood must be stacked outside the clearing.

The distances from wires to green spaces and from the axis of the route to stacks of combustible materials must be indicated in the project. Cutting down bushes on loose soils, steep slopes and areas flooded during floods is not allowed.

3.117. Burning of branches and other logging residues should be carried out within the permitted period of time.

3.118. Wood left in stacks on the overhead line route for the fire-hazardous period, as well as the “shafts” of logging residues remaining during this period, must be bordered by a mineralized strip 1 m wide, from which grass vegetation, forest litter and other combustible materials must be completely removed down to the mineral soil layer. .

Construction of pits and foundations for supports

3.119. The construction of foundation pits should be carried out in accordance with the work rules set out in SNiP III-8-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.

3.120. Excavation pits for support racks should, as a rule, be developed using drilling machines. The development of pits must be carried out to the design level.

3.121. The development of pits in rocky, frozen, and permafrost soils may be carried out using explosions for “throwing out” or “loosening” in accordance with the Uniform Safety Rules for Blasting Works, approved by the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.

In this case, the pits should be shortened to the design mark by 100-200 mm, followed by finishing with jackhammers.

3.122. Pits should be drained by pumping out water before installing foundations.

3.123. In winter, the development of pits, as well as the installation of foundations in them, should be carried out in an extremely short time, to prevent freezing of the bottom of the pits.

3.124. The construction of foundations on permafrost soils is carried out while preserving the natural frozen state of the soil in accordance with SNiP II-18-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.

3.125. Prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and piles must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01-83, SNiP II-17-77, SNiP II-21-75, SNiP II-28-73 and the design of standard structures.

When installing prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and driving piles, one should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP 3.02.01-83 and SNiP III-16-80.

When installing monolithic reinforced concrete foundations, you should be guided by SNiP III-15-76.

3.126. Welded or bolted joints of racks with foundation slabs must be protected from corrosion. Before welding, joint parts must be free of rust. Reinforced concrete foundations with a concrete protective layer thickness of less than 30 mm, as well as foundations installed in aggressive soils, must be protected with waterproofing.

Pickets with an aggressive environment must be specified in the project.

3.127. Backfilling of pits with soil should be carried out immediately after the construction and alignment of the foundations. The soil must be thoroughly compacted by layer-by-layer compaction.

Templates used for constructing foundations should be removed after backfilling to at least half the depth of the pits.

The height of backfilling pits should be taken taking into account possible soil settlement. When embanking foundations, the slope should have a steepness of no more than 1: 1.5 (the ratio of the height of the slope to the base), depending on the type of soil.

The soil for backfilling pits should be protected from freezing.

3.128. Tolerances for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations are given in table. 5.

Table 5

Deviations	Tolerances for supports
Deviations	free-standing	with guy ropes
Pit bottom levels
Distances between the axes of foundations in plan
Foundation top marks 1
Angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the foundation post
Angle of inclination of the axis of the V-shaped anchor bolt
Offset of the foundation center in plan

1 The difference in elevations must be compensated when installing the support using steel spacers.

Assembly and installation of supports

3.129. The size of the site for assembling and installing the support must be taken in accordance with the technological map or support assembly diagram specified in the PPR.

3.130. When manufacturing, installing and accepting steel structures for overhead line supports, one should be guided by the requirements of SNiP III-18-75.

3.131. Cable stays for supports must have an anti-corrosion coating. They must be manufactured and marked before the supports are transported to the route and delivered to the pickets complete with the supports.

3.132. Installation of supports on foundations that are not completed and not completely covered with soil is prohibited.

3.133. Before installing supports using the rotation method using a hinge, it is necessary to protect the foundations from shear forces. In the direction opposite to lifting, a braking device should be used.

3.134. The nuts securing the supports must be tightened to the fullest and secured against self-unscrewing by punching the bolt threads to a depth of at least 3 mm. Two nuts must be installed on the foundation bolts of corner, transition, end and special supports, and one nut per bolt on intermediate supports.

When attaching a support to a foundation, it is allowed to install no more than four steel spacers with a total thickness of up to 40 mm between the fifth support and the upper plane of the foundation. The geometric dimensions of the spacers in plan must be no less than the dimensions of the support heel. The gaskets must be connected to each other and the fifth support by welding.

3.135. When installing reinforced concrete structures, you should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP III-16-80.

3.136. Before installing reinforced concrete structures received at the picket, you must once again check for the presence of cracks, cavities, potholes and other defects on the surface of the supports in accordance with those specified in clause 2.7.

If the factory waterproofing is partially damaged, the coating must be restored on the route by painting the damaged areas with molten bitumen (grade 4) in two layers.

3.137. Reliability of fastening in the ground of supports installed in drilled or open pits is ensured by compliance with the design depth for embedding the supports, crossbars, anchor plates and careful layer-by-layer compaction of the soil backfilling the pit sinuses.

3.138. Wooden supports and their parts must meet the requirements of SNiP II-25-80 and the design of standard structures.

When manufacturing and installing wooden overhead line supports, one should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP III-19-76.

3.139. For the manufacture of parts of wooden supports, coniferous timber should be used in accordance with GOST 9463-72*, factory-impregnated with antiseptics.

The quality of impregnation of support parts must comply with the standards established by GOST 20022.0-82, GOST 20022.2-80, GOST 20022.5-75*, GOST 20022.7-82, GOST 20022.11-79*.

3.140. When assembling wooden supports, all parts must be fitted to each other. The gap in the places of notches and joints should not exceed 4 mm. The wood at the joints must be free of knots and cracks. Notches, notches and splits must be made to a depth of no more than 20% of the log diameter. The correctness of notches and cuts must be checked using templates. Through gaps at the joints of working surfaces are not allowed. Filling cracks or other leaks between working surfaces with wedges is not allowed.

Deviation from the design dimensions of all parts of the assembled wooden support is allowed within the following limits: in diameter - minus 1 plus 2 cm, in length - 1 cm per 1 m. Minus tolerance when making traverses from sawn timber is prohibited.

3.141. Holes in wooden support elements must be drilled. The hole for the hook drilled in the support must have a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the threaded part of the hook shank and a depth equal to 0.75 times the length of the threaded part. The hook must be screwed into the body of the support with the entire cut part plus 10-15 mm.

The diameter of the hole for the pin must be equal to the outer diameter of the pin shank.

3.142. Bandages for connecting attachments to a wooden support post must be made of soft galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm. It is allowed to use non-galvanized wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm for bandages, provided that it is coated with asphalt varnish. The number of turns of the bandage must be taken in accordance with the design of the supports. If one turn breaks, the entire bandage should be replaced with a new one. The ends of the wires of the bandage should be driven into the wood to a depth of 20-25 mm. It is allowed to use special clamps (with bolts) instead of wire bands. Each bandage (clamp) must mate no more than two parts of the support.

3.143. Wooden piles must be straight, straight-layered, free from rot, cracks and other defects and damage. The upper end of the wooden pile must be cut perpendicular to its axis in order to avoid deviation of the pile from the given direction during its immersion.

3.144. Tolerances for the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete single-post supports are given in table. 6.

3.145. Tolerances for the installation of reinforced concrete portal supports are given in table. 7.

3.146. Tolerances in the dimensions of steel structures of supports are given in table. 8.

Table 6

Deviations	Tolerances for supports
Deviations	wooden	reinforced concrete
Supports from the vertical axis along and across the axis of the line (the ratio of the deviation of the upper end of the support post to its height)	1/100 support height	1/150 support height



Traverses from the horizontal axis	1/50 of the traverse length	1/100 of the traverse length
Traverses relative to a line perpendicular to the axis of the overhead line (for an angular support relative to the bisector of the angle of rotation of the overhead line)	1/50 of the traverse length	1/100 of the traverse length

Table 7

Deviations
Supports from the vertical axis (the ratio of the deviation of the upper end of the support post to its height)	1/100 support height
Distances between support posts
Exit of the support from the alignment
Mark the traverses at the places where they are attached to the support posts
Marks between the junction points of the traverses (joints) and the axes of the bolts used to fasten the traverses to the support post
Support columns from the track axis
Traverses from the horizontal axis with traverse length, m:
	1/150 of the traverse length
	1/250 traverse length

Table 8

Deviations
Supports from the vertical axis along and across the line axis	1/200 support height
Traverses from a line perpendicular to the axis of the route
Traverses from the horizontal axis (line) with traverse length, m:
	1/150 of the traverse length
	1/250 traverse length
Supports from the line alignment with span length, m:

from 200 to 300

Arrows of deflection (curvature) of the traverse	1/300 of the traverse length
Arrows of deflection (curvature) of racks and struts	1/750 of the length, but not more than 20 mm
Belt corners and lattice elements (in any plane) within the panel	1/750 length

Installation of insulators and linear fittings

3.147. On the route, before installation, insulators must be inspected and rejected.

The resistance of porcelain insulators for overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V must be checked before installation with a 2500 V megger; in this case, the insulation resistance of each suspended insulator or each element of a multi-element pin insulator must be at least 300 MΩ.

Cleaning insulators with steel tools is not allowed.

Electrical testing of glass insulators is not carried out.

3.148. On overhead lines with pin insulators, the installation of traverses, brackets and insulators should, as a rule, be carried out before lifting the support.

Hooks and pins must be firmly installed in the rack or crossbar of the support; their pin part must be strictly vertical. Hooks and pins should be coated with asphalt varnish to protect them from rust.

Pin insulators must be firmly screwed strictly vertically onto hooks or pins using polyethylene caps.

It is allowed to mount pin insulators on hooks or pins using a solution consisting of 40% Portland cement of a grade not lower than M400 or M500 and 60% thoroughly washed river sand. The use of mortar setting accelerators is not allowed.

When reinforcing, the top of the pin or hook should be covered with a thin layer of bitumen.

Installation of pin insulators with an inclination of up to 45° to the vertical is allowed when attaching descents to devices and support loops.

On overhead lines with suspended insulators, parts of the coupling fittings of the insulating suspensions must be cottered, and locks must be placed in the sockets of each element of the insulating suspension. All locks in insulators must be located on the same straight line. Locks in insulators supporting insulating suspensions should be positioned with their input ends towards the support post, and in tension insulators and fittings for insulating suspensions - with their input ends down. Vertical and inclined pins should be positioned with the head up and the nut or cotter pin down.

Installation of wires and lightning protection cables (ropes)

3.149. Aluminum, steel-aluminum wires and wires made of aluminum alloy, when installed in steel support and tension (bolt, wedge) clamps, must be protected with aluminum gaskets, copper wires - with copper gaskets.

Fastening of wires to pin insulators should be done using wire ties, special clamps or clamps; in this case, the wire must be laid on the neck of the pin insulator. Wire binding must be made with wire made of the same metal as the wire. When knitting, bending of the wire with the knitting wire is not allowed.

Branch wires from overhead lines with voltages up to 1000 V must be anchored.

3.150. In each span of overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V, no more than one connection is allowed per wire or rope.

The connection of wires (ropes) in the span must meet the requirements of paragraphs. 3.13-3.14.

3.151. Crimping of connecting, tensioning and repair clamps should be carried out and monitored in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner. Pressed clamps, as well as matrices for crimping clamps, must correspond to the brands of mounted wires and ropes. It is not allowed to exceed the nominal diameter of the matrix by more than 0.2 mm, and the diameter of the clamp after crimping should not exceed the diameter of the matrix by more than 0.3 mm. If, after crimping, a clamp diameter exceeds the permissible value, the clamp is subject to secondary crimping with new dies. If it is impossible to obtain the required diameter, or if there are cracks, the clamp should be cut out and a new one mounted in its place.

3.152. The geometric dimensions of the connecting and tension clamps of overhead line wires must comply with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner. There should be no cracks, traces of corrosion or mechanical damage on their surface, the curvature of the pressed clamp should be no more than 3% of its length, the steel core of the pressed connector should be located symmetrically relative to the aluminum body of the clamp along its length. The displacement of the core relative to the symmetrical position should not exceed 15% of the length of the pressed part of the wire. Clamps that do not meet the specified requirements must be rejected.

3.153. Thermite welding of wires, as well as the connection of wires using explosion energy, should be performed and controlled in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner.

3.154. In case of mechanical damage to a stranded wire (breakage of individual wires), a bandage, repair or connecting clamp should be installed.

Repair of damaged wires should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner.

3.155. Rolling out wires (ropes) on the ground should, as a rule, be done using moving carts. For supports, the design of which completely or partially does not allow the use of moving unrolling carts, it is allowed to roll out wires (ropes) on the ground from stationary unrolling devices with the obligatory lifting of the wires (ropes) onto the supports as they are rolled out and taking measures against damage to them as a result of friction earth, rocky, stony and other soils.

Rolling out and tensioning wires and ropes directly over steel crossbars and hooks is not allowed.

Rolling out wires and ropes at subzero temperatures should be carried out taking into account measures to prevent the wire or rope from freezing into the ground.

Transfer of wires and ropes from unrolling rollers to permanent clamps and installation of spacers on wires with split phase should be done immediately after completing sighting of wires and ropes in the anchor section. In this case, the possibility of damage to the upper layers of wires and ropes must be excluded.

3.156. Installation of wires and ropes at crossings through engineering structures should be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the protection of electrical networks with voltages over 1000V with the permission of the organization that owns the structure being crossed, within the timeframe agreed upon with this organization. Wires and ropes rolled out across roads must be protected from damage by lifting them above the road, burying them in the ground or covering them with shields. If necessary, guards should be posted in places where damage to wires is possible.

3.157. When sighting wires and ropes, sag booms must be installed according to working drawings using installation tables or curves in accordance with the temperature of the wire or rope during installation. In this case, the actual sag of the wire or rope should not differ from the design value by more than ± 5%, provided that the required dimensions to the ground and intersecting objects are observed.

Misalignment of wires of different phases and ropes relative to each other should be no more than 10% of the design value of the sag of the wire or rope. Misalignment of wires in the split phase should be no more than 20% for 330-500 kV overhead lines and 10% for 750 kV overhead lines. The angle of rotation of the wires in phase should be no more than 10°.

Sighting of wires and ropes of overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V up to 750 kV inclusive. should be carried out in spans located in every third of the anchor section when its length is more than 3 km. When the length of the anchor section is less than 3 km, sighting is permitted in two spans: the most distant and the closest to the traction mechanism.

The deviation of the supporting garlands along the overhead line from the vertical should not exceed, mm: 50 - for 35 kV overhead lines, 100 - for 110 kV overhead lines, 150 - for 150 kV overhead lines and 200 - for 220-750 kV overhead lines.

Installation of tubular arresters

3.158. Arresters must be installed so that the action indicators are clearly visible from the ground. The installation of spark gaps should ensure the stability of the external spark gap and exclude the possibility of blocking it with a stream of water that can flow from the upper electrode. The arrester must be securely fastened to the support and have good contact with ground.

3.159. The arresters must be inspected and rejected before installation on the support. The outer surface of the arrester should not have cracks or peeling.

3.160. After installing the tubular arresters on the support, the size of the external spark gap should be adjusted in accordance with the working drawings, and also check their installation so that the gas exhaust zones do not intersect with each other and do not cover structural elements and wires.

SWITCHGEARS AND SUBSTATIONS

General requirements

3.161. The requirements of these rules must be observed when installing open and closed switchgears and substations with voltages up to 750 kV.

3.162. Before installation of electrical equipment of switchgears and substations, the customer must supply:

transformer oil in the amount necessary to fill fully assembled oil-filled equipment, taking into account the additional amount of oil for process needs;

clean sealed metal containers for temporary storage of oil;

equipment and devices for processing and filling oil;

special tools and devices supplied with the equipment in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer, necessary for inspection and adjustment (transferred for the installation period).

Busbars of closed and open switchgears

3.163. The internal bending radius of rectangular tires must be: in flat bends - no less than twice the thickness of the tire, in edge bends - no less than its width. The length of the tires at the corkscrew bend must be at least twice their width.

Instead of bending on an edge, joining the tires by welding is allowed.

The bending of the busbars at the connection points must begin at a distance of at least 10 mm from the edge of the contact surface.

When bolted, the joints of busbars must be spaced from the insulator heads and branch points at a distance of at least 50 mm.

To ensure longitudinal movement of the busbars when the temperature changes, the busbars should be rigidly attached to the insulators only in the middle of the total length of the busbars, and if there are busbar expansion joints, in the middle of the section between the expansion joints.

After mounting the busbars, the holes of the bushing insulators must be closed with special strips, and the busbars in bags at the points of entry into and exit from the insulators must be fastened together.

Busbar supports and clamps with alternating currents greater than 600 A must not create a closed magnetic loop around the busbars. To do this, one of the linings or all the tie bolts located on one side of the tire must be made of a non-magnetic material (bronze, aluminum and its alloys, etc.) or a tire carrier design must be used that does not form a closed magnetic circuit.

3.164. Flexible tires along their entire length should not have twists, unraveling, or broken wires. The sag should not differ from the design by more than ± 5%. All wires in the split phase of the busbar must have the same tension and must be secured with spacers.

3.165. Connections between adjacent devices must be made with one piece of bar (without cutting).

3.166. Tubular tires must have devices to dampen vibration and compensate for temperature changes in their length. In areas connecting to devices, the busbars must be located horizontally.

3.167. Connections and branches of flexible wires must be made by welding or crimping.

The connection of branches in the span must be made without cutting the span wires. Bolted connections are allowed only on device terminals and on branches to arresters, coupling capacitors and voltage transformers, as well as for temporary installations for which the use of permanent connections requires a large amount of work on rewiring the busbars. Connections of flexible wires and busbars to the terminals of electrical equipment should be made taking into account compensation for temperature changes in their length.

Insulators

3.168. Before installation, insulators must be checked for the integrity of the porcelain (no cracks or chips). The pads for the insulator flanges must not protrude beyond the flanges.

3.169. The surface of the caps of the support insulators when installed in closed distribution devices must be in the same plane. The deviation should not be more than 2 mm.

3.170. The axes of all support and bushing insulators standing in a row should not deviate to the side by more than 5 mm.

3.171. When installing bushings of 1000 A or more in steel plates, the possibility of the formation of closed magnetic circuits must be excluded.

3.172. Installation of garlands of pendant insulators of open switchgears must meet the following requirements:

connecting ears, brackets, intermediate links, etc. must be cottered;

the fittings of the garlands must correspond to the size of the insulators and wires.

The insulation resistance of porcelain pendant insulators should be checked with a 2.5 kV megger before lifting the strings onto the support.

Switches with voltages above 1000 V

3.173. Installation, assembly and adjustment of switches should be carried out in accordance with the installation instructions of the manufacturers; When assembling, you should strictly adhere to the markings of the switch elements given in the specified instructions.

3.174. When assembling and installing air circuit breakers, the following must be ensured: horizontal installation of the support frames and air tanks, verticality of the support columns, equal dimensions along the height of the columns of the tripod insulators (braces), alignment of the installation of the insulators. The deviation of the axes of the central support columns from the vertical should not exceed the norms specified in the manufacturers' instructions.

3.175. The internal surfaces of air switches that come into contact with compressed air must be cleaned; the bolts holding the collapsible flange connections of the insulators must be evenly tightened with a wrench with an adjustable tightening torque.

3.176. After completing the installation of air switches, you should check the amount of compressed air leakage, which should not exceed the standards specified in the factory instructions. Before switching on, it is necessary to ventilate the internal cavities of the air circuit breaker.

3.177. Distribution cabinets and switch control cabinets must be checked, including for the correct position of block contacts and electromagnet strikers. All valves should have easy movement and good fit of the cones to the seats. Signal interlock contacts must be installed correctly, electrical contact pressure gauges must be tested in the laboratory.

Disconnectors, separators and short circuiters with voltages above 1000 V

3.178. Installation, assembly and adjustment of disconnectors, separators and short-circuiters should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.179. When assembling and installing disconnectors, separators, short circuiters, the following must be ensured: horizontal installation of the support frames, verticality and equality in height of the columns of the support insulators, and alignment of the contact knives. The deviation of the support frame from the horizontal and the axes of the assembled insulator columns from the vertical, as well as the displacement of the axes of the contact knives in the horizontal and vertical plane and the gap between the ends of the contact knives should not exceed the standards specified in the manufacturers' instructions. Alignment of the speakers is allowed using metal pads.

3.180. The steering wheel or lever drive handle must have (when turned on and off) the direction of movement indicated in the table. 9.

Table 9

The idle speed of the drive handle should not exceed 5°.

3.181. The knives of the devices must correctly (in the center) fall into the fixed contacts, enter them without impacts or distortions, and when turned on, do not reach the stop by 3-5 mm.

3.182. When the grounding knife is in the “On” and “Off” positions, the rods and levers must be in the “Dead Center” position, ensuring that the knife is locked in its extreme positions.

3.183. The block contacts of the disconnector drive must be installed so that the block contact control mechanism is activated at the end of each operation 4-10° before the end of the stroke.

3.184. Blocking of disconnectors with switches, as well as the main knives of disconnectors with grounding knives, should not allow operation of the disconnector drive when the switch is in the on position, as well as the grounding knives when the main knives are in the on position, and the main knives when the grounding knives are in the on position.

Arresters

3.185. Before installation, all elements of the arresters should be inspected for cracks and chips in the porcelain and for the absence of holes and cracks in the cement joints. Leakage currents and resistances of the working elements of the arresters must be measured in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions.

3.186. When assembling arresters on a common frame, the alignment and verticality of the insulators must be ensured.

3.187. After installation is completed, the annular gaps in the columns between the working elements and insulators must be puttied and painted over.

Instrument transformers

3.188. When installing transformers, their vertical installation must be ensured. Vertical adjustment can be made using steel spacers.

3.189. Unused secondary windings of current transformers must be short-circuited at their terminals. One of the poles of the secondary windings of current transformers and voltage transformers must be grounded in all cases (except as specifically specified in the working drawings).

3.190. The high-voltage inputs of mounted voltage measuring transformers must be short-circuited before they are switched on. The transformer housing must be grounded.

Reactors and inductors

3.191. The phases of the reactors, installed one below the other, must be located according to the markings (H - lower phase, C - middle, B - upper), and the direction of the windings of the middle phase should be opposite to the direction of the windings of the outer phases.

3.192. Steel structures located in the immediate vicinity of reactors should not have closed loops.

Complete and prefabricated switchgears and complex transformer substations

3.193. When accepting cabinets of complete switchgears and complete transformer substations for installation, the completeness of the technical documentation of the manufacturer must be checked (passport, technical description and operating instructions, electrical diagrams of the main and auxiliary circuits, operational documentation for the component equipment, spare parts list).

3.194. When installing switchgear and package transformer substations, their verticality must be ensured. The difference in levels of the load-bearing surface for complete distribution devices is allowed to be 1 mm per 1 m of surface, but not more than 5 mm over the entire length of the load-bearing surface.

Transformers

3.195. All transformers must be allowed to be put into operation without inspection of the active part, provided that the transformers are transported and stored in accordance with the requirements of GOST 11677-75*.

3.196. Transformers delivered by the customer to the substation territory must be oriented relative to the foundations during transportation in accordance with the working drawings. The speed of movement of the transformer within the substation on its own rollers should not exceed 8 m/min.

3.197. The issue of installing transformers without revising the active part and lifting the bell must be decided by a representative of the installation supervision of the manufacturer, and in the absence of a contract for installation supervision - by the installation organization based on the requirements of the document specified in clause 3.195 and the following acts and protocols:

inspection of the transformer and dismantled components after transporting the transformer from the manufacturer to the destination;

transformer unloading;

transportation of the transformer to the installation site;

storage of the transformer until delivery for installation.

3.198. The issue of the admissibility of turning on a transformer without drying should be decided on the basis of a comprehensive consideration of the conditions and condition of the transformer during transportation, storage, installation and taking into account the results of inspection and testing in accordance with the requirements of the document specified in clause 3.195.

Static converters

3.199. Disassembly of semiconductor devices is not permitted. When installing them you should:

avoid sudden shocks and impacts;

remove preservative grease and clean contact surfaces with solvent;

install devices with natural cooling so that the cooler fins are in a plane that provides free passage of air from bottom to top, and devices with forced air cooling so that the direction of the cooling air flow is along the cooler fins;

install water-cooled devices horizontally;

position the cooler fittings in a vertical plane so that the inlet fitting is at the bottom;

lubricate the contact surfaces of coolers before screwing semiconductor devices into them with a thin layer of technical petroleum jelly; the torque during assembly must correspond to that specified by the manufacturer.

Compressors and air ducts

3.200. Compressors sealed by the manufacturer are not subject to disassembly and inspection at the installation site. Compressors that do not have a seal and arrive at the construction site in assembled form are subject to partial disassembly and inspection before installation to the extent necessary to remove preservative coatings, as well as to check the condition of bearings, valves, seals, oil lubrication and water cooling systems.

3.201. Installed compressor units must be tested in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions together with automatic control, monitoring, alarm and protection systems.

3.202. The inner surface of the air ducts must be wiped with transformer oil. Permissible deviations of the linear dimensions of each air duct unit from the design dimensions should not be more than ± 3 mm per meter, but no more ± 10 mm over the entire length. Deviations of angular dimensions and non-flatness of axes in a node should not exceed ± 2.5 mm per 1 m, but not more than ± 8 mm for the entire subsequent straight section.

3.203. Installed air ducts must be purged at an air speed of 10-15 m/s and a pressure equal to the operating pressure (but not more than 4.0 MPa) for at least 10 minutes and tested for strength and density. The pressure during pneumatic strength testing for air pipelines with a working pressure of 0.5 MPa and above should be 1.25 R slave, but no less R slave 0.3 MPa. When testing air ducts for density, the test pressure must be equal to the operating pressure. During the process of raising pressure, the air pipeline is inspected when it reaches 30 and 60% of the test pressure. During the inspection of the air duct, the pressure rise stops. The strength test pressure must be maintained for 5 minutes, after which it is reduced to working pressure, at which the air duct is tested for density within 12 hours.

High frequency communication capacitors and suppressors

3.204. When assembling and installing coupling capacitors, the horizontal installation of the stands and the vertical installation of the capacitors must be ensured.

3.205. High-frequency suppressors must be configured in the laboratory before installation.

3.206. When installing high-frequency barriers, the verticality of their suspension and the reliability of the contacts at the points where the adjustment elements are connected must be ensured.

Switchgears with voltage up to 1000 V, control, protection and automation panels

3.207. Panels and cabinets must be supplied by manufacturers fully assembled, audited, adjusted and tested in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, state standards or technical specifications of manufacturers.

3.208. Distribution boards, control stations, protection and automation panels, as well as control panels must be aligned with the main axes of the rooms in which they are installed. During installation, panels must be level and plumb. Fastening to embedded parts must be done by welding or detachable connections. It is allowed to install panels without fastening to the floor if this is provided for in the working drawings. The panels must be bolted together.

Battery installations

3.209. Acceptance for installation of stationary acid (GOST 825-73) and alkaline (GOST 9240-79E and GOST 9241-79E) closed-type batteries and open-type battery parts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements given in state standards, technical specifications and other documents defining completeness of delivery, their technical characteristics and quality.

3.210. Batteries must be installed in accordance with shop drawings on wood, steel or concrete racks or fume hood shelves. The design, dimensions, coating and quality of wooden and steel racks must comply with the requirements of GOST 1226-82.

The internal surface of fume hoods for accommodating batteries must be painted with paint that is resistant to electrolyte.

3.211. The batteries in the battery must be numbered with large numbers on the front wall of the vessel or on the longitudinal bar of the rack. The paint must be acid-resistant for acid batteries and alkali-resistant for alkaline batteries. The first number in the battery is usually marked on the battery to which the positive bus is connected.

3.212. When installing a busbar in a battery room, the following requirements must be met:

busbars must be laid on insulators and secured in them with busbar holders; connections and branches of copper busbars must be made by welding or soldering, aluminum - only by welding; welds in contact joints should not have sagging, depressions, as well as cracks, warping and burns; Remains of flux and slag must be removed from welding areas;

the ends of the busbars connected to acid batteries must be pre-tinned and then soldered into the cable lugs of the connecting strips;

the busbars must be connected to alkaline batteries using lugs, which must be welded or soldered to the busbars and clamped with nuts on the battery terminals;

non-insulated busbars along their entire length must be painted in two layers of paint that is resistant to prolonged exposure to electrolyte.

3.213. The design of the plate for removing busbars from the battery room must be given in the project.

3.214. Vessels of acid batteries must be leveled on cone insulators, the wide bases of which must be laid on leveling pads made of lead or vinyl plastic. The walls of the vessels facing the passage must be in the same plane.

When using concrete racks, battery vessels must be installed on insulators.

3.215. The plates in open acid batteries must be located parallel to each other. Distortion of the entire group of plates or the presence of crooked plates is not allowed. In places where plate shanks are soldered to connecting strips there should be no cavities, layering, protrusions or lead smudges.

Open-type acid batteries must be covered with cover glasses resting on the projections (booms) of the plates. The dimensions of these glasses should be 5-7 mm smaller than the internal dimensions of the vessel. For batteries with tank dimensions greater than 400 x 200 mm, cover glasses made of two or more parts can be used.

3.216. When preparing sulfuric acid electrolyte, you must:

use sulfuric acid that meets the requirements of GOST 667-73;

To dilute the acid, use water that meets the requirements of GOST 6709-72.

The quality of water and acid must be certified by a factory certificate or a protocol of chemical analysis of acid and water, carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant state standards. Chemical analysis is carried out by the customer.

3.217. Enclosed batteries must be installed on racks on insulators or insulating gaskets that are resistant to electrolyte. The distance between batteries in a row must be at least 20 mm.

3.218. Alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using nickel-plated steel intercell jumpers with a cross-section specified in the design.

Rechargeable alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using jumpers made of copper cable (wire) with a cross-section specified in the design.

3.219. To prepare an alkaline electrolyte, a ready-made mixture of potassium oxide hydrate and lithium oxide hydrate or caustic soda and lithium oxide hydrate of factory production and distilled water should be used. The content of impurities in water is not standardized.

It is allowed to use separately potassium oxide hydrate in accordance with GOST 9285-78 or caustic soda in accordance with GOST 2263-79 and lithium oxide hydrate in accordance with GOST 8595-75, dosed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for caring for batteries.

Vaseline oil or kerosene should be poured into the batteries on top of the alkaline electrolyte.

3.220. The electrolyte density of charged alkaline batteries should be 1.205 ± 0.005 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 293 K (20 ° C). The electrolyte level of acid batteries must be at least 10 mm above the top edge of the plates.

The density of the potassium-lithium electrolyte of alkaline batteries should be 1.20 ± 0.01 g/cm 3 at a temperature of 288-308 K (15-35 ° C).

ELECTRIC POWER INSTALLATIONS

Electric cars

3.221. Before installation of electrical machines and multi-machine units of general purpose, the following must be in place:

the availability and readiness for operation of hoisting vehicles in the installation area of electrical machines were checked (the readiness of hoisting vehicles must be confirmed by certificates for their testing and acceptance into operation);

rigging was selected and tested (winches, hoists, blocks, jacks);

a set of mechanisms, devices, as well as mounting wedges and linings, wedge jacks and screw devices (for the unsupported installation method) have been selected.

3.222. Electrical machines should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.223. Electrical machines that arrived from the manufacturer in assembled form should not be disassembled at the installation site before installation. If there is no certainty that the machine remained undamaged and uncontaminated during transportation and storage after factory assembly, the need and extent of disassembling the machine should be determined by a report drawn up by competent representatives of the customer and the electrical installation organization. Work on disassembling the machine and its subsequent assembly must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.224. When testing upon completion of installation of DC electric machines and AC electric motors that arrived disassembled or were disassembled, the gaps between the steel of the rotor and stator, the gaps in the plain bearings and the vibration of the electric motor bearings, the rotor run-up in the axial direction must correspond to those specified in the technical documentation of the enterprises - manufacturers.

3.225. Determining the possibility of switching on DC machines and AC motors with voltages above 1000 V without drying should be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Switching devices

3.226. Switching devices should be installed in the locations indicated in the working drawings and in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

3.227. The devices or supporting structures on which they are to be installed should be secured to the building foundations in the manner indicated in the working drawings (with dowels, bolts, screws, using pins, support structures - by welding to the embedded elements of the building foundations, etc.). The building foundations must ensure that the devices are fastened without distortion and prevent the occurrence of unacceptable vibrations.

3.228. The insertion of wires, cables or pipes into devices should not violate the degree of protection of the device shell and create mechanical stress that deforms them.

3.229. When installing several devices in a unit, access must be provided for servicing each of them.

Crane electrical equipment

3.230. When preparing and carrying out work on the installation of cranes at a construction site, the degree of factory electrical readiness of crane equipment, which is regulated by GOST 24378-80E, must be taken into account. The manufacturer, in accordance with the specified GOST, must perform the following work on general purpose cranes:

electrical installation of crane cabins and cargo trolleys;

production of current supply to the cargo trolley;

production of electrical wire units (harnesses) with lugs and end markings for bridges;

installation on the crane bridge of stands and brackets for electrical equipment, drawers, boxes or pipes for laying electrical wires;

assembly of electrical equipment installed on the bridge (resistors, magnetic stations) into blocks with installation of internal electrical circuits.

3.231. Work on the installation of the electrical part of overhead cranes should be carried out at the zero level before lifting the bridge, the crane operator's cabin and the trolley into the design position.

3.232. Before the start of electrical installation work, the crane must be accepted for installation from a mechanical installation organization, documented by an act. The act must stipulate permission for electrical installation work on the crane, including at the zero level.

3.233. At the zero level, it is necessary to carry out the maximum possible amount of electrical installation work, which should begin after the bridge has been securely installed on the layouts and a permit has been obtained from the mechanical installation organization. The remaining amount of electrical installation work must be performed after lifting the crane to the design position and installing it in close proximity to the transition gallery, staircase or repair platform, from which a reliable and safe transition to the crane must be ensured. In addition, before electrical installation work is carried out, the crane installed in the design position must have:

the assembly and installation of the bridge, trolley, cabin, fences and railings are completely completed;

The main trolleys are fenced or located at a distance that excludes access to them from any place on the crane where people may be.

Capacitor units

3.234. When installing capacitor units, horizontal installation of frames and vertical installation of capacitors must be ensured:

the distance between the bottom of the lower tier condensers and the floor of the room or the bottom of the oil receiver must be at least 100 mm;

capacitor passports (plates with technical data) must be facing towards the passage from which they are serviced;

the inventory (serial) number of the capacitor must be written with oil-resistant paint on the wall of the tank of each capacitor facing the service aisle;

the location of current-carrying busbars and methods of connecting them to capacitors should ensure the convenience of changing capacitors during operation;

The busbar should not create bending forces in the terminal insulators of the capacitors;

The grounding wiring must be located so that it does not interfere with changing capacitors during operation.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

3.235. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps must be handed over by the customer for installation in good condition and tested for lighting effect.

3.236. The fastening of the lamp to the supporting surface (structure) must be dismountable.

3.237. Luminaires used in installations subject to vibration and shock must be installed using shock-absorbing devices.

3.238. Hooks and studs for hanging lamps in residential buildings must have devices that isolate them from the lamp.

3.239. The connection of luminaires to the group network must be made using terminal blocks that provide connection of both copper and aluminum (aluminium-copper) wires with a cross-section of up to 4 mm 2.

3.240. In residential buildings, single cartridges (for example, in kitchens and hallways) must be connected to the wires of the group network using terminal blocks.

3.241. The ends of the wires connected to lamps, meters, automatic machines, panels and electrical installation devices must have a reserve length sufficient for reconnection in the event of their breakage.

3.242. When connecting automatic circuit breakers and screw-type fuses, the protective (neutral) wire must be connected to the screw sleeve of the base.

3.243. Inputs of wires and cables into luminaires and electrical installation devices when installed outdoors must be sealed to protect against the penetration of dust and moisture.

3.244. When installed openly in industrial premises, electrical installation devices must be enclosed in special casings or boxes.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF INSTALLATIONS IN EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE HAZARDOUS AREAS

3.245. Installation of electrical installations in explosive and fire hazardous areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules and departmental building codes approved by the USSR State Construction Committee in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

GROUNDING DEVICES

3.246. When installing grounding devices, these rules and the requirements of GOST 12.1.030-81 must be observed.

3.247. Each part of the electrical installation that is subject to grounding or grounding must be connected to the grounding or grounding network using a separate branch. The sequential connection of grounded or grounded parts of an electrical installation into a grounding or protective conductor is not permitted.

3.248. The connection of grounding and neutral protective conductors must be made: by welding on highways made of building profiles; bolted connections - on highways made by electrical installation structures; bolted connections or welding - when connecting to electrical equipment; soldering or crimping - in end seals and couplings on cables. The joints must be painted after welding.

3.249. Contact connections in the grounding or grounding circuit must comply with class 2 according to GOST 10434-82.

3.250. The locations and methods of connecting grounding and neutral protective conductors to natural grounding conductors must be indicated in the working drawings.

3.251. Grounding and neutral protective conductors must be protected from chemical influences and mechanical damage in accordance with the instructions given in the working drawings.

3.252. Grounding or grounding lines and branches from them in enclosed spaces and outdoor installations must be accessible for inspection. This requirement does not apply to neutral conductors and cable sheaths, to reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, as well as to grounding and neutral protective conductors laid in pipes, ducts or embedded in building structures.

3.253. The installation of shunt jumpers on pipelines, apparatus, crane runways, between the flanges of air ducts and the connection of grounding and grounding networks to them is carried out by organizations that install pipelines, apparatus, crane runways and air ducts.

3.254. Grounding of ropes, rods or steel wires used as a support cable must be done from two opposite ends by connecting to the grounding line or grounding by welding. For galvanized ropes, a bolted connection is allowed with protection of the connection point from corrosion.

3.255. When using metal and reinforced concrete structures (foundations, columns, trusses, rafters, rafters and crane beams) as grounding devices, all metal elements of these structures must be connected to each other, forming a continuous electrical circuit, reinforced concrete elements (columns), in addition must have metal outlets (embedded products) for connecting grounding or neutral protective conductors to them by welding.

3.256. Bolted, riveted and welded connections of metal columns, trusses and beams used in the construction of buildings or structures (including overpasses for all purposes) create a continuous electrical circuit. When constructing a building or structure (including overpasses for all purposes) from reinforced concrete elements, a continuous electrical circuit must be created by welding the reinforcement of adjacent structural elements to each other or by welding the corresponding embedded parts to the reinforcement. These welded connections must be carried out by the construction organization in accordance with the instructions given in the working drawings.

3.257. When fastening electric motors with bolts to grounded (neutralized) metal bases, a jumper between them should not be made.

3.258. The metal sheaths and armor of power and control cables must be connected to each other by flexible copper wire, as well as to metal coupling housings and metal support structures. The cross-section of grounding conductors for power cables (in the absence of other instructions in the working drawings) should be, mm 2:

at least 6 for cables with core cross-section up to 10 mm 2

10 « « « « from 16 to 35 mm 2

16 « « « « « 50 « 120 «

25 « « « « « 150 « 240 «

3.259. The cross-section of grounding conductors for control cables must be at least 4 mm 2.

3.260. When using building or technological structures as grounding and neutral protective conductors, at least two yellow stripes on a green background must be applied to the jumpers between them, as well as at the places of connections and branches of conductors.

3.261. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V and higher with an insulated neutral, grounding conductors are allowed to be laid in a common shell with phase conductors or separately from them.

3.262. The continuity of the grounding circuit of steel water and gas pipes at the points where they are connected to each other should be ensured by couplings screwed to the end of the thread onto the end of the pipe with a short thread and by installing locknuts on the pipe with a long thread.

4. COMMISSIONING WORK

4.1. These rules establish requirements for commissioning work on electrical devices.

4.2. Commissioning work must be carried out in accordance with mandatory Appendix 1 to SNiP 3.05.05-84 and these rules.

4.3. Commissioning work is a set of works that includes checking, adjusting and testing electrical equipment in order to ensure the electrical parameters and modes specified by the project.

4.4. When performing commissioning work, you should be guided by the requirements of the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.02-83, the project, and operational documentation of the manufacturers.

General conditions of labor safety and industrial sanitation during commissioning work are provided by the customer.

4.5. Commissioning work on electrical devices is carried out in four stages (stages).

4.6. At the first (preparatory) stage, the commissioning organization must:

develop (based on the design and operational documentation of manufacturing enterprises) a work program and a commissioning project, including safety measures;

convey to the customer comments on the project identified during the development of the work program and work plan;

prepare a fleet of measuring equipment, testing equipment and devices.

4.7. At the first (preparatory) stage of commissioning, the customer must ensure the following:

issue to the commissioning organization two sets of electrical and technological parts of the project approved for work, a set of operational documentation from manufacturers, settings for relay protection, interlocks and automation, if necessary, agreed with the power system;

supply voltage to the workstations of adjustment personnel from temporary or permanent power supply networks;

appoint responsible representatives for acceptance of commissioning works;

agree with the commissioning organization on the deadlines for completing the work, taken into account in the general construction schedule;

allocate premises at the site for commissioning personnel and ensure the security of these premises.

4.8. At the second stage, commissioning work must be carried out, combined with electrical installation work, with voltage supplied according to a temporary scheme. Combined work must be carried out in accordance with current safety regulations. The start of commissioning work at this stage is determined by the degree of readiness of construction and installation work: in electrical rooms, all construction work must be completed, including finishing, all openings, wells and cable channels must be closed, lighting, heating and ventilation must be completed, installation of electrical equipment must be completed and completed grounding

At this stage, the commissioning organization checks the installed electrical equipment by supplying voltage from the test circuits to individual devices and functional groups. Voltage must be supplied to the electrical equipment being adjusted only in the absence of electrical installation personnel in the adjustment area and subject to compliance with safety measures in accordance with the requirements of current safety regulations.

4.9. At the second stage of commissioning, the customer must:

provide temporary power supply in the pre-commissioning area;

ensure re-preservation and, if necessary, pre-installation inspection of electrical equipment;

coordinate with the design organizations issues regarding the comments of the commissioning organization identified during the study of the project, as well as ensure designer’s supervision on the part of the design organizations;

ensure replacement of rejected and supply of missing electrical equipment;

provide verification and repair of electrical measuring instruments;

ensure the elimination of electrical equipment and installation defects identified during the commissioning process.

4.10. At the end of the second stage of commissioning and before the start of individual tests, the commissioning organization must transfer to the customer in one copy the protocols for testing electrical equipment with high voltage, grounding and setting up protection, as well as make changes to one copy of the circuit diagrams of power supply facilities switched on under voltage.

4.11. The question of the advisability of preliminary testing and adjustment of individual electrical equipment devices, functional groups and control systems outside the installation area in order to reduce the time required to put the facility into operation should be decided by the commissioning organization together with the customer, while the customer must ensure the delivery of electrical equipment to the commissioning site and upon completion of commissioning work - to the place of its installation in the installation area.

4.12. At the third stage of commissioning, individual tests of electrical equipment are performed. The beginning of this stage is considered to be the introduction of an operating mode at a given electrical installation, after which commissioning work should relate to work carried out in existing electrical installations.

At this stage, the commissioning organization adjusts parameters, protection settings and characteristics of electrical equipment, tests control, protection and alarm circuits, as well as electrical equipment at idle speed in preparation for individual testing of process equipment.

4.13. General safety requirements for combined electrical installation and commissioning work in accordance with the current Safety Rules are provided by the supervisor of electrical installation work at the facility. Responsibility for ensuring the necessary safety measures and for their implementation directly in the area of the commissioning work carried out lies with the head of the commissioning personnel.

4.14. When carrying out commissioning work according to a combined schedule on individual devices and functional groups of the electrical installation, the working area for the work must be precisely determined and agreed upon with the supervisor of electrical installation work. The working area should be considered the space where the test circuit and electrical equipment are located, to which voltage from the test circuit can be applied. Persons not related to commissioning work are prohibited from accessing the work area.

In the case of combined work, the electrical installation and commissioning organizations jointly develop an action plan to ensure safety during the work and a schedule for the combined work.

4.15. At the third stage of commissioning, maintenance of electrical equipment should be carried out by the customer, who ensures the placement of operating personnel, assembly and disassembly of electrical circuits, and also carries out technical supervision over the condition of electrical and technological equipment.

4.16. With the introduction of the operational regime, ensuring safety requirements, issuing work orders and permission to carry out commissioning work must be carried out by the customer.

4.17. After completing individual tests of electrical equipment, individual tests of process equipment are carried out. During this period, the commissioning organization clarifies the parameters, characteristics and settings of electrical installation protection.

4.18. After individual tests, the electrical equipment is considered accepted for operation. At the same time, the commissioning organization transfers to the customer protocols for testing electrical equipment with high voltage, checking grounding and grounding devices, as well as executive circuit diagrams necessary for the operation of electrical equipment. The remaining protocols for setting up electrical equipment are transferred in one copy to the customer within two months, and for technically complex objects - within up to four months after the object is accepted into operation.

The completion of commissioning work at the third stage is formalized by a certificate of technical readiness of electrical equipment for comprehensive testing.

4.19. At the fourth stage of commissioning work, a comprehensive testing of electrical equipment is carried out according to approved programs.

At this stage, commissioning work should be carried out to set up the interaction of electrical circuits and electrical equipment systems in various modes. The scope of these works includes:

ensuring mutual connections, adjusting and setting the characteristics and parameters of individual devices and functional groups of an electrical installation in order to ensure specified operating modes on it;

testing the electrical installation according to the full circuit at idle and under load in all operating modes in preparation for a comprehensive testing of process equipment.

4.20. During the comprehensive testing period, maintenance of electrical equipment is carried out by the customer.

4.21. Commissioning work at the fourth stage is considered completed after the electrical equipment has received the electrical parameters and modes provided for by the project, ensuring a stable technological process for the production of the first batch of products, in the volume established for the initial period of development of the design capacity of the facility.

4.22. The work of the commissioning organization is considered completed subject to the signing of the commissioning acceptance certificate.

1. General Provisions. 2

2. Preparation for electrical installation work. 3

3. Electrical installation work. 7

General requirements. 7

Contact connections. 8

Electrical wiring. 9

General requirements. 9

Laying wires and cables on trays and boxes. 9

Laying wires on insulating supports. 9

Laying wires and cables on a steel rope. 10

Laying installation wires on building foundations and inside main building structures. 10

Laying wires and cables in steel pipes. eleven

Laying wires and cables in non-metallic pipes. 12

Cable lines. 13

General requirements. 13

Laying in block sewer. 16

Laying in cable structures and industrial premises. 17

Laying on a steel rope. 17

Laying in permafrost soils. 17

Laying at low temperatures. 18

Installation of cable couplings with voltage up to 35 kV.. 18

Features of installation of cable lines with voltage 110-220 kV.. 19

Marking of cable lines. 19

Current conductors with voltage up to 35 kV.. 20

Current conductors with voltage up to 1 kV (busbars) 20

Open conductors with voltage 6-35 kV.. 20

Overhead power lines. 21

Cutting clearings. 21

Construction of pits and foundations for supports.. 21

Assembly and installation of supports. 22

Installation of insulators and linear fittings.. 25

Installation of wires and lightning protection cables (ropes) 25

Installation of tubular arresters. 27

Switchgears and substations. 27

General requirements. 27

Busbar installation of closed and open switchgears. 28

Insulators.. 29

Switches with voltages above 1000 V.. 29

Disconnectors, separators and short circuiters with voltages above 1000 V.. 29

Arresters. thirty

Instrument transformers.. 30

Reactors and inductors. 31

Complete and prefabricated switchgears and complex transformer substations. 31

Transformers.. 31

Static converters. 31

Compressors and air ducts.. 32

Capacitors and suppressors of high-frequency communications. 32

Switchgears with voltage up to 1000 V, control, protection and automation panels. 33

Battery installations. 33

Electric power plants. 34

Electrical machines.. 34

Switching devices.. 35

Electrical equipment for cranes. 35

Capacitor installations. 36

Electric lighting. 36

Electrical equipment of installations in explosive and fire hazardous areas. 37

Grounding devices. 37

4. Commissioning work.. 39

“SNiP 3.05.06-85. Electrical devices (instead of SNiP III-33-76, SN 85-74, SN 102-76) SNiP 3.05.06-85 BUILDING STANDARDS AND RULES..."

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Electrical devices (instead of SNiP III-33-76, SN 85-74, SN 102-76)

SNiP 3.05.

06-85. Electrical devices (instead of SNiP III-33-76, SN 85-74, SN 102-76)

SNiP 3.05.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Electrical devices

Date of introduction 1986-01-07

DEVELOPED BY THE RESEARCH electrical installation project of the USSR Ministry of Installation and Special Construction (V.K. Dobrynin, I.N. Dolgov - topic leaders,

Ph.D. tech. Sciences V.A. Antonov, A.L. Blinchikov, V.V. Belotserkovets, V.A. Demyantsev, Ph.D. tech. Sciences N.I. Korotkov, E.A.

Panteleev, Ph.D. tech. Sciences Yu.A. Roslov, S.N. Starostin, A.K. Shulzhitsky), OrgenergostroyMinistry of Energy of the USSR (G.N.

Elenbogen, N.V. Belanov, N.A. Voinilovich, A.L. Gonchar, N.M. Lerner), Selenergoproekt of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR (G.F. Sumin, Yu.V. Nepomnyashchiy), UGPI Tyazhpromelelektroproekt of the Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy of the Ukrainian SSR (E.G. Poddubny, A.A. Koba).

INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy.

APPROVED by Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated December 11, 1985 No. 215 IN REPLACEMENT OF SNiP III-33-76*, SN 85-74, SN 102-76*.

These rules apply to work during the construction of new ones, as well as during the reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises for the installation and adjustment of electrical devices, including: electrical substations, distribution points and overhead power lines with voltage up to 750 kV, cable lines with voltage up to 220 kV, relay protection , power electrical equipment, internal and external electric lighting, grounding devices.

The rules do not apply to. production and acceptance of work on the installation and commissioning of electrical devices of the subway, mines and mines, contact networks of electrified transport, signaling systems of railway transport, as well as high-security premises of nuclear power plants, which must be carried out in accordance with departmental construction standards approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01- 82.

The rules must be observed by all organizations and enterprises involved in the design and construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. When organizing and carrying out work on the installation and commissioning of electrical devices, the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, SNiP III-4-80, state standards, and technical specifications should be observed. Rules for the construction of electrical installations approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy, and departmental regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

1.2. Work on installation and adjustment of electrical devices should be carried out in accordance with the working drawings of the main sets of drawings of electrical grades; working documentation of electric drives; according to the working documentation of non-standardized equipment completed by the design organization; working documentation of enterprises that manufacture technological equipment and supply power and control cabinets with it.

1.3. Installation of electrical devices should be carried out on the basis of the use of modular and complete block construction methods, with the installation of equipment supplied in large units that do not require straightening, cutting, drilling or other fitting operations and adjustments during installation. When accepting working documentation for work, it is necessary to check that it takes into account the requirements for the industrialization of the installation of electrical devices, as well as the mechanization of cable laying, rigging and installation of technological equipment.

1.4. Electrical installation work should usually be carried out in two stages.

In the first stage of internal buildings and structures, work is carried out on the installation of supporting structures for the installation of electrical equipment and busbars, for the laying of cables and wires, the installation of trolleys for electric bridge cranes, the installation of steel and plastic pipes for electrical wiring, the laying of hidden wiring for pre-plastering and finishing works, as well as work on installation of external cable networks and grounding networks. The first stage of work should be carried out in buildings and structures on a combined schedule simultaneously with the main construction work, and measures should be taken to protect installed structures and laid pipes from damage and contamination.

In the second stage, work is carried out on the installation of electrical equipment, laying cables and wires, busbars and connecting cables and wires to the terminals of electrical equipment. In the electrical rooms of the facilities, the second stage of work should be performed after the completion of the complex of general construction and finishing works and upon completion of the installation of plumbing fixtures, and in other rooms and areas - after the installation of technological equipment, electric motors and other electrical receivers, installation of technological, sanitary pipelines and ventilation ducts.

At small sites remote from the locations of electrical installation organizations, work should be carried out by mobile complex teams combining two stages of their implementation into one.

1.5. Electrical equipment, products and materials should be delivered according to a schedule agreed with the electrical installation organization, which should provide for the priority delivery of materials and products included in the specifications for units to be manufactured at the assembly and completion plants of electrical installation organizations.

1.6. The end of the installation of electrical devices is the completion of individual tests of the installed electrical equipment and the signing by the working commission of an acceptance certificate for the electrical equipment after the individual test. The beginning of individual testing of electrical equipment is the moment of introduction of the operating mode at a given electrical installation, announced by the customer on the basis of a notification from the commissioning and electrical installation organizations.

1.7. At each construction site, during the installation of electrical devices, special logs of electrical installation work should be kept in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, and upon completion of the work, the electrical installation organization is obliged to transfer to the general contractor the documentation presented to the working commission in accordance with SNiP III-3-81. The list of acts and protocols of inspections and tests is determined by the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

2. PREPARATION FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK

2.1. Installation of electrical devices must be preceded by preparation in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 and these rules.

2.2. Before work begins at the site, the following activities must be completed:

a) working documentation has been received in the quantity and within the time frame specified by the Rules on Capital Construction Contracts, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and the Regulations on the relationship between organizations, general contractors and subcontractors, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee and the USSR State Planning Committee;

b) schedules for the supply of equipment, products and materials have been agreed upon, taking into account the technological sequence of work, a list of electrical equipment installed with the assistance of installation supervision personnel of enterprises

Suppliers, conditions of transportation to the installation site of heavy and large electrical equipment;

d) a work project was developed, engineering and technical workers and foremen were familiarized with working documentation and estimates, organizational and technical solutions for the work project;

e) acceptance according to the act of the construction part of the facility for the installation of electrical devices was carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules and the measures provided for by the norms and rules for labor protection, fire safety and environmental protection during the work were carried out;

f) the general contractor performed general construction and auxiliary work provided for by the Regulations on the relationship of organizations - general contractors with subcontractors.

2.3. Equipment, products, materials and technical documentation must be transferred for installation in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts and the Regulations on the relationship between general contractor organizations and subcontractors.

2.4. When accepting equipment for installation, it is inspected, completeness is checked (without disassembly), and the availability and validity period of manufacturer’s warranties are checked.

2.5. The condition of the cable drums must be checked in the presence of the customer by external inspection. The results of the inspection are documented in a document.

2.6. When accepting prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of overhead lines (OHL), the following should be checked:

dimensions of elements, position of steel embedded parts, as well as quality of surfaces and appearance of elements.

The specified parameters must comply with GOST 13015.0-83, GOST 22687.0-85, GOST 24762-81, GOST 26071-84, GOST 23613-79, as well as PUE;

the presence on the surface of reinforced concrete structures intended for installation in aggressive environments, waterproofing made at the manufacturer.

2.7. Insulators or linear fittings must meet the requirements of the relevant state standards and technical specifications. When accepting them, you should check:

availability of a manufacturer's passport for each batch of insulators and linear fittings, certifying their quality;

absence of cracks, deformations, cavities, chips, damage to the glaze on the surface of the insulators, as well as rocking and turning of steel reinforcement relative to the cement seal or porcelain;

absence of cracks, deformations, cavities and damage to galvanization and threads in linear fittings.

Minor damage to galvanization may be painted over.

2.8. Elimination of defects and damage discovered during the transfer of electrical equipment is carried out in accordance with the Rules on capital construction contracts.

2.9. Electrical equipment for which the standard storage period specified in state standards or technical conditions has expired is accepted for installation only after a pre-installation inspection, correction of defects and testing. The results of the work performed must be entered into forms, passports and other accompanying documentation, or an act of completion of the specified work must be drawn up.

2.10. Electrical equipment, products and materials accepted for installation should be stored in accordance with the requirements of state standards or technical specifications.

2.11. For large and complex objects with a large volume of cable lines in tunnels, channels and cable mezzanines, as well as electrical equipment in electrical rooms, the construction project must define measures for advanced installation (versus the installation of cable networks) of internal fire water supply systems, automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm systems, provided for in the working drawings .

2.12. In electrical rooms (panel rooms, control rooms, substations and switchgears, machine rooms, battery rooms, cable tunnels and ducts, cable mezzanines, etc.), finished floors with drainage channels, the necessary slope and waterproofing and finishing work (plastering and painting), must be installed. parts and installation openings were left, the lifting and load-moving mechanisms and devices provided for by the project were installed, pipe blocks, holes and openings for the passage of pipes and cables, grooves, niches and sockets were prepared in accordance with architectural construction drawings and the work plan, power supply for temporary electric lighting was made in all rooms .

2.13. In buildings and structures, heating and ventilation systems must be put into operation, bridges, platforms and suspended ceiling structures provided for by the project for the installation and maintenance of electric lighting installations located at height must be installed and tested, as well as mounting structures for multi-lamp lamps (chandeliers) weighing over 100 kg; asbestos-cement pipes and pipes and pipe blocks for the passage of cables were laid outside and inside buildings and structures as specified in the working construction drawings.

2.14. Electrical machine foundations should be handed over for installation with fully completed construction and finishing work, installed air coolers and ventilation ducts, with benchmarks and axial strips (measurements) in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-83 and these rules.

2.15. On the supporting (rough) surfaces of foundations, depressions of no more than 10 mm and slopes of up to 1:100 are allowed. Deviations in construction dimensions should be no more than: for axial dimensions in plan - plus 30 mm, for elevation marks of the surface of foundations (excluding the height of the grout) - minus 30 mm, for the dimensions of ledges in plan - minus 20 mm, for dimensions of wells - plus 20 mm , along the marks of ledges in recesses and wells - minus 20 mm, along the axes of the anchor bolts in plan - ±5 mm, along the axes of embedded anchor devices in plan - ± 10 mm, along the marks of the upper ends of the anchor bolts - ±20 mm.

2.16. The delivery and acceptance of foundations for the installation of electrical equipment, the installation of which is carried out with the involvement of installation supervision personnel, is carried out jointly with representatives of the organization carrying out installation supervision.

2.17. Upon completion of finishing work in battery rooms, acid- or alkali-resistant coatings of walls, ceilings and floors must be made, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems must be installed and tested.

2.18. Before the start of electrical installation work on open switchgears with a voltage of 35 kV and above, the construction organization must complete the construction of access roads, approaches and entrances, install bus and linear portals, build foundations for electrical equipment, cable channels with ceilings, fences around the outdoor switchgear, tanks for emergency oil discharge, underground communications and The planning of the territory has been completed. In the structures of portals and foundations for equipment, the embedded parts and fasteners provided for by the design, necessary for fastening strings of insulators and equipment, must be installed. In cable ducts and tunnels, embedded parts must be installed for fastening cable structures and air ducts. The construction of the water supply system and other fire safety devices provided for by the project must also be completed.

2.19. The construction part of outdoor switchgear and substations with a voltage of 330-750 kV should be accepted for installation for their full development, provided for by the project for the design period.

2.20. Before the start of electrical installation work on the construction of overhead power lines with voltages up to 1000 V and above, preparatory work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, including:

clearings have been made;

2.21. Routes for laying cables in the ground must be prepared before the start of its installation: water has been pumped out from the trench and stones, clods of earth, and construction debris have been removed; at the bottom of the trench there is a cushion of loosened earth;

The soil was punctured at the intersections of the route with roads and other engineering structures, and pipes were laid.

After laying cables in the trench and submitting a certificate for hidden work on laying cables by the electrical installation organization, the trench should be backfilled.

2.22. Block sewer routes for laying cables must be prepared taking into account the following requirements:

the design depth of the blocks is maintained from the planning mark;

ensured correct installation and waterproofing of joints of reinforced concrete blocks and pipes;

the cleanliness and alignment of the channels is ensured;

There are double covers (the lower one with a lock) for manholes, metal ladders or brackets for lowering the well.

2.23. When constructing overpasses for laying cables on their supporting structures (columns) and superstructures, the embedded elements provided for by the design must be installed for installing cable rollers, bypass devices and other devices.

2.24. The general contractor must present construction readiness for acceptance for installation in residential buildings - section by section, in public buildings - floor by floor (or by room).

Reinforced concrete, gypsum concrete, expanded clay concrete floor panels, internal wall panels and partitions, reinforced concrete columns and factory-made crossbars must have channels (pipes) for laying wires, niches, sockets with embedded parts for installing plug sockets, switches, bells and bell buttons in accordance with the working drawings. The flow sections of channels and embedded non-metallic pipes should not differ by more than 15% from those indicated in the working drawings.

The displacement of nests and niches at the junctions of adjacent building structures should not be more than 40 mm.

2.25. In buildings and structures handed over for the installation of electrical equipment, the general contractor must make the holes, grooves, niches and sockets specified in the architectural and construction drawings in the foundations, walls, partitions, floors and coverings necessary for the installation of electrical equipment and installation products, laying pipes for electrical wiring and electrical networks.

The specified holes, grooves, niches and nests not left in building structures during their construction are carried out by the general contractor in accordance with architectural and construction drawings.

Holes with a diameter of less than 30 mm, which cannot be taken into account when developing drawings and which cannot be provided for in building structures according to the conditions of their manufacturing technology (holes in walls, partitions, ceilings only for installing dowels, studs and pins of various support structures), must be made by an electrical installation organization at the production site works

After performing electrical installation work, the general contractor is obliged to seal holes, grooves, niches and sockets.

2.26. When accepting foundations for transformers, the presence and correct installation of anchors for fastening traction devices when rolling transformers and foundations for jacks for turning rollers must be checked.

3. PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WORK

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1. When loading, unloading, moving, lifting and installing electrical equipment, measures must be taken to protect it from damage, while heavy electrical equipment must be securely strapped to the parts provided for this purpose or in the places specified by the manufacturer.

3.2. During installation, electrical equipment is not subject to disassembly or inspection, except in cases where this is provided for by state and industry standards or technical specifications agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

Disassembly of equipment received sealed from the manufacturer is prohibited.

3.3. Electrical equipment and cable products that are deformed or with damaged protective coatings are not subject to installation until damage and defects are eliminated in the prescribed manner.

3.4. When carrying out electrical installation work, you should use standard sets of special tools for the types of electrical installation work, as well as mechanisms and devices intended for this purpose.

3.5. As supporting structures and fasteners for installing trolleys, busbars, trays, boxes, hinged panels and control stations, protective starting equipment and lighting fixtures, factory-made products should be used that have increased installation readiness (with a protective coating, adapted for fastening without welding and not requiring large labor costs for mechanical processing).

Fastening of supporting structures should be carried out by welding to embedded parts provided in the building elements, or fasteners (dowels, pins, studs, etc.). The method of fastening must be indicated in the working drawings.

3.6. The color designation of current-carrying busbars of switchgears, trolleys, grounding busbars, overhead line wires should be carried out in accordance with the instructions given in the project.

3.7. When carrying out work, the electrical installation organization must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004-76 and the Fire Safety Rules during construction and installation work. When introducing an operational regime at the site, ensuring fire safety is the responsibility of the customer.

CONTACT CONNECTIONS

3.8. Dismountable connections of busbars and cores of wires and cables to the contact terminals of electrical equipment, installation products and busbars must meet the requirements of GOST 10434-82.

3.9. At the connection points of wires and cables, a reserve of wire or cable should be provided to ensure the possibility of reconnection.

3.10. Connections and branches must be accessible for inspection and repair. The insulation of connections and branches must be equivalent to the insulation of the cores of the connected wires and cables.

At junctions and branches, wires and cables should not experience mechanical stress.

3.11. The termination of a cable core with impregnated paper insulation should be done with sealed current-carrying fittings (tips) that do not allow leakage of the cable impregnating compound.

3.12. Connections and branches of busbars should, as a rule, be made non-separable (using welding).

In places where demountable joints are required, busbar connections must be made with bolts or compression plates. The number of collapsible joints should be minimal.

3.13. Connections of overhead line wires with voltage up to 20 kV should be made:

a) in hinges of the support-angular type: with anchor and branch wedge clamps; oval connecting clamps, mounted by crimping; loop dies, using thermite cartridges, and wires of different brands and sections - with hardware compressed clamps;

b) in spans: with connecting oval clamps mounted by twisting.

Single-wire wires can be connected by twisting. Butt welding of solid wires is prohibited.

3.14. The connection of overhead line wires with voltages above 20 kV must be carried out:

a) in support-corner type trains:

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240 mm2 and above - using thermite cartridges and pressing using explosion energy;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 mm2 and above - using pressed connectors;

wires of different brands - bolt clamps;

aluminum alloy wires - with die-type loop clamps or oval connectors mounted by crimping;

b) in spans:

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of up to 185 mm2 and steel ropes with a cross-section of up to 50 mm2 - oval connectors mounted by twisting;

steel ropes with a cross-section of 70-95 mm2 with oval connectors mounted by crimping or crimping with additional thermite welding of the ends;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 240-400 mm2 with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping and crimping using explosion energy;

steel-aluminum wires with a cross-section of 500 mm2 and more - with connecting clamps mounted by continuous crimping.

3.15. The connection of copper and steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 35-120 mm2, as well as aluminum wires with a cross-section of 120-185 m2 when installing contact networks should be made with oval connectors, steel ropes - with clamps with a connecting strip between them. Steel-copper ropes with a cross-section of 50-95 mm2 can be joined using wedge clamps with a connecting strip between them.

ELECTRICAL WIRING

– – –

3.16. The rules of this subsection apply to the installation of electrical wiring of power, lighting and secondary circuits with voltages up to 1000 V AC and DC, laid inside and outside buildings and structures using insulated installation wires of all sections and non-armored cables with rubber or plastic insulation with a cross-section of up to 16 mm2.

3.17. Installation of control cables should be carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 3.56-3.106.

3.18. Passages of unarmored cables, protected and unprotected wires through fireproof walls (partitions) and interfloor ceilings must be made in sections of pipes, or in boxes, or openings, and through combustible ones - in sections of steel pipes.

cables and a pipe (duct, opening) with an easily removable mass made of fireproof material.

The seal should be made on each side of the pipe (box, etc.).

When laying non-metallic pipes openly, sealing the places where they pass through fire barriers must be done with non-combustible materials immediately after laying cables or wires into the pipes.

Laying wires and cables on trays and boxes

3.19. The design and degree of protection of trays and boxes, as well as the method of laying wires and cables on trays and in boxes (in bulk, in bundles, multi-layered, etc.) must be indicated in the project.

3.20. The method of installing boxes should not allow moisture to accumulate in them. The boxes used for open electrical wiring must, as a rule, have removable or opening covers.

3.21. For hidden gaskets, blind boxes should be used.

3.22. Wires and cables laid in boxes and on trays must be marked at the beginning and end of the trays and boxes, as well as at the places where they are connected to electrical equipment, cables, in addition, also at turns of the route and on branches.

3.23. Fastenings of unprotected wires and cables with a metal sheath with metal brackets or bands must be made with gaskets made of elastic insulating materials.

Laying wires on insulating supports

3.24. When laying on insulating supports, the connection or branch of the wires should be made directly at the insulator, face, roller or on them.

3.25. The distances between fastening points along the route and between the axes of parallel unprotected insulated wires on insulating supports must be indicated in the design.

3.26. Hooks and brackets with insulators must be fixed only to the main material of the walls, and the rollers of the cage for wires with a cross-section of up to 4 mm2 inclusive. can be fixed to plaster or to the cladding of wooden buildings. Insulators on hooks must be securely fastened.

3.27. When fastening rollers with wood grouse, metal and elastic washers should be placed under the heads of the wood grouse, and when fastening rollers on metal, elastic washers should be placed under their bases.

Laying wires and cables on a steel rope

3.28. Wires and cables (in polyvinyl chloride, nayrite, lead or aluminum sheaths with rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation) must be secured to a supporting steel rope or to a wire with bandages or clips installed at a distance of no more than 0.5 m from each other.

3.29. Cables and wires laid on ropes, in places where they pass from the rope to building structures, must be relieved from mechanical forces.

Vertical wiring suspensions on a steel rope should be located, as a rule, in places where branch boxes, plug connectors, lamps, etc. are installed. The sag of the rope in the spans between the fastenings should be within 1/40-1/60 of the span length. Splicing of ropes in the span between the end fastenings is not allowed.

3.30. To prevent the lighting electrical wiring from swinging, guy wires must be installed on the steel rope. The number of guy wires must be determined in the working drawings.

3.31. For branches from special cable wires, special boxes must be used to ensure the creation of a cable loop, as well as the supply of cores necessary to connect the outgoing line using branch clamps without cutting the main line.

Laying installation wires on building foundations and inside main building structures

3.32. Open and hidden installation of installation wires is not allowed at temperatures below minus 15°C.

3.33. When laying wires hidden under a layer of plaster or in thin-walled (up to 80 mm) partitions, the wires must be laid parallel to the architectural and construction lines. The distance of horizontally laid wires from floor slabs should not exceed 150 mm. In building structures with a thickness of over 80 mm, wires must be laid along the shortest routes.

3.34. All connections and branches of installation wires must be made by welding, crimping in sleeves or using clamps in branch boxes.

Metal branch boxes where wires enter them must have bushings made of insulating materials.

It is allowed to use pieces of polyvinyl chloride tube instead of bushings. In dry rooms, it is allowed to place wire branches in sockets and niches of walls and ceilings, as well as in ceiling voids. The walls of sockets and niches must be smooth, wire branches located in sockets and niches must be covered with covers made of fireproof material.

3.35. Fastening flat wires during hidden installation should ensure a tight fit to the building base. In this case, the distances between the attachment points should be:

a) when laying horizontal and vertical sections of plastered wire bundles - no more than 0.5 m;

single wires -0.9 m;

b) when covering the wires with dry plaster - up to 1.2 m.

3.36. The baseboard wiring arrangement must ensure separate installation of power and low-current wires.

3.37. The fastening of the plinth must ensure its tight fit to the building foundations, and the pull-off force must be at least 190 N, and the gap between the plinth, wall and floor must not be more than 2 mm. Skirting boards should be made from fireproof and non-combustible materials with electrical insulating properties.

3.38. In accordance with GOST 12504-80, GOST 12767-80 and GOST 9574-80, the panels must have internal channels or embedded plastic pipes and embedded elements for hidden replaceable electrical wiring, sockets and holes for installing junction boxes, switches and plug sockets.

Holes intended for electrical installation products and broaching niches in wall panels of adjacent apartments should not be through. If, according to the conditions of the manufacturing technology, it is not possible to make the holes non-through, then soundproofing gaskets made of vinyl pore or other fireproof soundproofing material should be placed in them.

3.39. The installation of pipes and boxes in reinforcement frames should be carried out on conductors according to working drawings that determine the attachment points of installation, branch and ceiling boxes. To ensure that the boxes, after molding, are positioned flush with the surface of the panels, they should be attached to the reinforcement frame in such a way that when installing the boxes in blocks, the height of the block corresponds to the thickness of the panel, and when installing the boxes separately, to prevent their displacement inside the panels, the front surface of the boxes should protrude beyond the plane of the reinforcement frame by 30-35 mm .

3.40. The channels must have a smooth surface throughout, without sagging or sharp corners.

The thickness of the protective layer over the channel (pipe) must be at least 10 mm.

The length of the channels between the draw-out niches or boxes should be no more than 8 m.

Laying wires and cables in steel pipes

3.41. Steel pipes may be used for electrical wiring only in cases specifically justified by the project in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

3.42. Steel pipes used for electrical wiring must have an internal surface that prevents damage to the insulation of the wires when they are pulled into the pipe and an anti-corrosion coating on the outer surface. For pipes embedded in building structures, external anti-corrosion coating is not required.

Pipes laid in rooms with a chemically active environment, inside and outside, must have an anti-corrosion coating that is resistant to the conditions of this environment. Insulating bushings should be installed where wires exit steel pipes.

3.43. Steel pipes for electrical wiring laid in foundations for technological equipment must be secured to supporting structures or reinforcement before concreting the foundations. In places where pipes exit from the foundation into the ground, the measures provided for in the working drawings must be taken to prevent the pipes from being cut off due to settlement of the soil or foundation.

3.44. Where pipes intersect temperature and settlement seams, compensating devices must be installed in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

3.45. The distances between the fastening points of openly laid steel pipes should not exceed the values indicated in the table. 1. Fastening steel electrical wiring pipes directly to process pipelines, as well as welding them directly to various structures, is not allowed.

Table 1

Nominal diameter of pipes, Maximum permissible distances Nominal diameter of pipes, Maximum permissible distances mm between fastening points, m mm between fastening points, m 15-20 2.5 40-80 3.5-4 25-32 3.0 100 6.0

3.46. When bending pipes, as a rule, normalized rotation angles of 90, 120 and 135° and normalized bending radii of 400, 800 and 1000 mm should be used. A bending radius of 400 mm should be used for pipes laid in floors and for vertical outlets; 800 and 1000 mm - when laying pipes in monolithic foundations and when laying cables with single-wire conductors inside them. When preparing packages and blocks of pipes, you should also adhere to the specified normalized angles and bending radii.

3.47. When laying wires in vertically laid pipes (risers), their fastening must be provided, and the fastening points must be spaced from each other at a distance not exceeding m:

for wires up to 50 mm2 inclusive

also, from 70 to 150 mm2 incl....... 20 185 " 240 mm2 "" "

Fastening of wires should be done using clicks or clamps in duct or branch boxes or at the ends of pipes.

3.48. When laid hidden in the floor, pipes must be buried at least 20 mm and protected with a layer of cement mortar. It is allowed to install branch and pull-out boxes in the floor, for example for modular wiring.

3.49. The distances between drawer boxes (boxes) should not exceed, m: on straight sections 75, with one bend of the pipe - 50, with two - 40, with three -20.

Wires and cables in the pipes should lie freely, without tension. The diameter of the pipes should be taken in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

Laying wires and cables in non-metallic pipes

3.50. The laying of non-metallic (plastic) pipes for tightening wires and cables in them must be done in accordance with the working drawings at an air temperature not lower than minus 20 and not higher than plus 60 ° C.

In foundations, plastic pipes (usually polyethylene) should only be laid on horizontally compacted soil or a layer of concrete.

In foundations up to 2 m deep, it is allowed to lay polyvinyl chloride pipes. In this case, measures must be taken against mechanical damage during concreting and backfilling of soil.

3.51. The fastening of openly laid non-metallic pipes must allow their free movement (movable fastening) during linear expansion or contraction due to changes in ambient temperature. The distances between the installation points of movable fastenings must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.

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3.52. The thickness of the concrete mortar above the pipes (single and blocks) when they are monolithic in floor preparations must be at least 20 mm. Where pipe routes intersect, a protective layer of concrete mortar between the pipes is not required.

In this case, the depth of the top row must comply with the above requirements. If, when crossing pipes, it is impossible to ensure the required depth of the pipes, they should be protected from mechanical damage by installing metal sleeves, casings or other means in accordance with the instructions in the working drawings.

3.53. Protection against mechanical damage at the intersection of semi-electrical wiring in plastic pipes with intra-shop transport routes with a concrete layer of 100 mm or more is not required. The exit of plastic pipes from foundations, subfloors and other building structures should be made with sections or elbows of polyvinyl chloride pipes, and, if mechanical damage is possible, with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.

3.54. When polyvinyl chloride pipes exit onto walls in places of possible mechanical damage, they should be protected with steel structures to a height of up to 1.5 m or exited from the wall with sections of thin-walled steel pipes.

3.55. The connection of plastic pipes must be carried out:

polyethylene - tight fit using couplings, hot casing into a socket, couplings from heat-shrinkable materials, welding;

polyvinyl chloride - tight fit in a socket or using couplings. Connection by gluing is allowed.

CABLE LINES

General requirements

3.56. These rules must be observed when installing power cable lines with voltages up to 220 kV.

Installation of cable lines of the metro, mines, mines should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the VSN, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

3.57. The smallest permissible bending radii of cables and the permissible level difference between the highest and lowest points of the location of cables with impregnated paper insulation on the route must comply with the requirements of GOST 24183-80*, GOST 16441-78, GOST 24334-80, GOST 1508-78* E and approved technical specifications.

3.58. When laying cables, measures should be taken to protect them from mechanical damage. The tensile forces of cables up to 35 kV should be within the limits of the values given in the table. 3. Winches and other traction means must be equipped with adjustable limiting devices to turn off the traction when forces exceed the permissible ones. Pulling devices that crimp the cable (drive rollers), as well as rotating devices, must exclude the possibility of cable deformation.

For cables with a voltage of 110-220 kV, the permissible tensile forces are given in clause 3.100.

3.59. Cables should be laid with a length margin of 1-2%. In trenches and on solid surfaces inside buildings and structures, the reserve is achieved by laying the cable in a “snake” pattern, and along cable structures (brackets) this reserve is used to form a sag.

Laying cable reserves in the form of rings (turns) is not allowed.

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Notes:

1. Pulling of a cable with a plastic or lead sheath is allowed only by the cores.

2. The tensile forces of the cable when pulling it through the block sewer are given in table. 4.

3. Cables armored with round wires should be pulled by the wires. Permissible voltage 70-100 N/sq.mm.

4. Control cables and armored and non-armored power cables with a cross-section of up to 316 mm2, in contrast to the cables of large cross-sections shown in this table, can be laid mechanically by pulling behind the armor or behind the sheath using a wire stocking, the pulling forces should not exceed 1 kN.

3.60. Cables laid horizontally along structures, walls, floors, trusses, etc. should be rigidly secured at the end points, directly at the end couplings, at the turns of the route, on both sides of the bends and at the connecting stop couplings.

3.61. Cables laid vertically along structures and walls must be secured to each cable structure.

3.62. The distances between supporting structures are taken in accordance with the working drawings. When laying power and control cables with an aluminum sheath on supporting structures with a distance of 6000 mm, a residual deflection in the middle of the span must be ensured: 250-300 mm when laid on overpasses and galleries, at least 100-150 mm in other cable structures.

The structures on which unarmored cables are laid must be designed to prevent the possibility of mechanical damage to the cable sheaths.

In places where unarmored cables with a lead or aluminum sheath are rigidly fastened on structures, gaskets made of elastic material (for example, sheet rubber, sheet polyvinyl chloride) must be laid;

Unarmored cables with a plastic sheath or plastic hose, as well as armored cables, can be secured to structures with brackets (clamps) without gaskets.

3.63. Armored and non-armored cables indoors and outdoors in places where mechanical damage is possible (movement of vehicles, loads and machinery, accessibility for unqualified personnel) must be protected to a safe height, but not less than 2 m from the ground or floor level and at a depth of 0.3 mV earth.

3.64. The ends of all cables whose sealing is broken during installation must be temporarily sealed before installing the connecting and end couplings.

3.65. Cable passages through walls, partitions and ceilings in industrial premises and cable structures must be made through sections of non-metallic pipes (non-pressure asbestos, plastic, etc.), textured holes in reinforced concrete structures or open openings. Gaps in pipe sections, holes and openings after laying cables must be sealed with fireproof material, for example cement with sand by volume 1:10, clay with sand - 1:3, clay with cement and sand - 1.5:1:11, expanded perlite with building plaster, etc., throughout the entire thickness of the wall or partition.

Gaps in passages through walls may not be sealed if these walls are not fire barriers.

3.66. The trench before laying the cable must be inspected to identify places on the route containing substances that have a destructive effect on the metal cover and cable sheath (salt marshes, lime, water, bulk soil containing slag or construction waste, areas located closer than 2 m from cesspools and garbage pits, etc. . P.). If it is impossible to bypass these places, the cable must be laid in clean neutral soil in free-flow asbestos-cement pipes, coated inside and outside with a bitumen composition, etc. When backfilling the cable with neutral soil, the trench must be further expanded on both sides by 0.5-0.6 mi and deepened by 0.3-0.4 m.

3.67. Cable entries for buildings, cable structures and other premises must be made using non-cement pressure-free pipes in textured holes in reinforced concrete structures. The ends of the pipes must protrude from the wall of the building into the trench, and if there is a blind area, beyond the line of the latter by at least 0.6 m and have a slope towards the trench.

3.68. When laying several cables in a trench, the ends of the cables intended for subsequent installation of connecting and locking couplings should be positioned with a shift of the connection point by at least 2 m. In this case, a reserve of cable should be left of the length necessary for checking the insulation for moisture and installing the coupling, as well as laying the compensator arc (with a length at each end of at least 350 mm for cables with voltages up to 10 kV and at least 400 mm for cables with voltages of 20 and 35 kV).

3.69. In cramped conditions with large cable flows, it is allowed to place expansion joints in a vertical plane below the cable laying level. The coupling remains at the level of the cable routing.

3.70. The cable laid in the trench must be covered with the first layer of earth, mechanical protection or warning tape must be laid, after which representatives of the electrical installation and construction organizations, together with the customer’s representative, must inspect the route and draw up a report on hidden work.

3.71. The trench must be finally backfilled and compacted after installing the couplings and testing the line with increased voltage.

3.72. Filling trenches with frozen soil, soil containing stones, pieces of metal, etc. is prohibited.

3.73. Trenchless laying from a self-propelled or traction-type knife cable-laying machine is allowed for 1-2 armored cables with a voltage of up to 10 kV with a lead or aluminum sheath on cable routes remote from engineering structures. In urban electrical networks and industrial enterprises, trenchless installation is allowed only over extended sections in the absence of underground communications, intersections with engineering structures, natural obstacles and hard surfaces along the route.

3.74. When laying a cable line route in an undeveloped area, identification marks must be installed along the entire route on concrete posts or on special sign boards that are placed at the turns of the route, at the locations of connecting couplings, on both sides of intersections with roads and underground structures, at entrances to buildings and through every 100 m on straight sections.

On arable land, identification signs must be installed at least every 500 m.

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3.75. The total length of the block channel, according to the conditions of the maximum permissible tensile forces for unarmored cables with a lead sheath and copper conductors, should not exceed the following values:

Cable cross-section, mm2.... up to 350 370 395 and above Maximum length, m..... 145 115 108

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Note.

To reduce the tensile force when pulling the cable, it should be coated with a lubricant that does not contain substances that have a harmful effect on the cable sheath (grease, grease).

3.77. For unarmored cables with a plastic sheath, the maximum permissible tensile forces should be taken according to table. 4 with correction factors for cores:

made of hard aluminum.............0.5 "soft"................0.25

Laying in cable structures and industrial premises

3.78. When laying in cable structures, collectors and production premises, cables should not have external protective coverings made of flammable materials. Metal sheaths and cable armor that have a fireproof anti-corrosion (for example, galvanic) coating made at the manufacturer cannot be painted after installation.

3.79. Cables in cable structures and collectors of residential areas should, as a rule, be laid in entire construction lengths, avoiding, if possible, the use of couplings in them.

3.80. When laying them on plastered and concrete walls, trusses and columns, aluminum sheathed cables without an outer covering must be at least 25 mm away from the surface of building structures. It is permissible to lay such cables on the painted surfaces of the specified structures without a gap.

Laying on steel rope

3.81. The diameter and mark of the rope, as well as the distance between the anchor and intermediate fastenings of the rope are determined in the working drawings. The sag of the rope after hanging the cables should be within 1/40 - 1/60 of the span length.

The distances between cable hangers should be no more than 800 - 1000 mm.

3.82. Anchor end structures must be secured to the columns or walls of the building. Fastening them to beams and trusses is not allowed.

3.83. Steel rope and other metal parts for laying cables on a rope outdoors, regardless of the presence of galvanic coating, must be coated with a lubricant (for example, grease). Indoors, galvanized steel rope should be coated with lubricant only in cases where it may be subject to corrosion under the influence of an aggressive environment.

Laying in permafrost soils

3.84. The depth of cable laying in permafrost soils is determined in the working drawings.

3.85. Local soil used for backfilling trenches must be crushed and compacted. The presence of ice and snow in the trench is not allowed. The soil for the embankment should be taken from places at least 5 m away from the axis of the cable route.

The soil in the trench after settlement should be covered with a moss-peat layer.

As additional measures against the occurrence of frost cracks, the following should be used:

backfilling the trench with sand or gravel-pebble soil;

construction of drainage ditches or slots up to 0.6 m deep, located on both sides of the route at a distance of 2-3 m from its axis;

sowing the cable route with grasses and lining with shrubs.

Laying at low temperatures

3.86. Laying cables in the cold season without preheating is allowed only in cases where the air temperature within 24 hours before the start of work has not decreased, at least temporarily, below:

0 °C - for power armored and unarmored cables with paper insulation (viscous, non-draining and lean impregnated) in a lead or aluminum sheath;

minus 5 °C - for oil-filled low and high pressure cables;

minus 7 °C - for control and power cables with voltage up to 35 kV with plastic or rubber insulation and sheath with fibrous materials in a protective cover, as well as with armor made of steel tapes or wires;

minus 20°C - for unarmored control and power cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath without fibrous materials in the protective cover, as well as with rubber insulation in a lead sheath.

3.87. Short-term drops in temperature within 2-3 hours (night frosts) should not be taken into account provided the temperature was positive in the previous period of time.

3.88. At air temperatures below those specified in clause 3.86, the cables must be preheated and laid within the following periods:

no more than 1 hour...... from 0 to minus 10 °C " 40 min...... from minus 10 to minus 20 °C " 30 min............. from minus 20 °C and below

3.89. Unarmored cables with an aluminum sheath in a polyvinyl chloride hose, even preheated ones, are not allowed to be laid at ambient temperatures below minus 20 °C.

3.90. When the ambient temperature is below minus 40 °C, laying cables of all brands is prohibited.

3.91. During installation, the heated cable should not be bent at a radius less than permissible. It must be laid in a trench in a snake with a margin of length in accordance with clause 3.59. Immediately after installation, the cable must be covered with the first layer of loosened soil. The trench should be completely filled with soil and compacted after the cable has cooled.

Installation of cable joints with voltages up to 35 kV

3.92. Installation of power coupling cables with voltages up to 35 kV and control cables must be carried out in accordance with departmental technological instructions approved in the prescribed manner.

3.93. Types of couplings and terminations for power cables with voltages up to 35 kV with paper and plastic insulation and control cables, as well as methods of connecting and terminating cable cores must be indicated in the project.

3.94. The clear distance between the coupling body and the nearest cable laid in the ground must be at least 250 mm.

As a rule, couplings should not be installed on steeply inclined routes (more than 20° to the horizontal). If it is necessary to install couplings in such areas, they should be located on horizontal platforms.

To ensure the possibility of re-installing couplings in the event of their damage, a supply of cable in the form of a compensator must be left on both sides of the coupling (see clause 3.68).

3.95. Cables in cable structures should be laid, as a rule, without making couplings on them. If it is necessary to use couplings on cables with a voltage of 6-35 kV, each of them must be laid on a separate supporting structure and enclosed in a fire protection casing for fire localization (manufactured in accordance with approved regulatory and technical documentation). In addition, the coupling must be separated from the upper and lower cables by fireproof protective partitions with a fire resistance rating of at least 0.25 hours.

3.96. The couplings of cables laid in blocks must be located in wells.

3.97. On a route consisting of a through tunnel leading into a semi-through tunnel or a non-through tunnel, the couplings must be located in the through tunnel.

Features of installation of cable lines with voltage 110-220 kV

3.98. Workers of drawing cable lines with oil-filled cables for a voltage of 110-220 kV and cables with plastic (vulcanized polyethylene) insulation for a voltage of 110 kV and the PPR for their installation must be agreed upon with the cable manufacturer.

3.99. The temperature of the cable and the ambient air during installation must not be lower than: minus 5 °C for an oil-filled cable and minus 10 °C for a cable with plastic insulation. At lower temperatures, installation can only be permitted in accordance with the regulations.

3.100. Cables with round wire armor during mechanized installation should be pulled by the wires using a special grip that ensures uniform distribution of the load between the armor wires. In this case, in order to avoid deformation of the lead sheath, the total tensile force should not exceed 25 kN. Unarmored cables may only be pulled by the cores using a grip mounted at the upper end of the cable on the drum.

The greatest permissible tensile force is determined from the calculation: 50 MPa (N/mm2) - for copper conductors, 40 MPa (N/m2) - for conductors made of hard aluminum and 20 MPa (N/mm2) - for conductors made of soft aluminum.

3.101. The traction winch must be equipped with a recording device and an automatic shutdown device when the maximum permissible tension value is exceeded. The recording device must be equipped with a recorder. Reliable telephone or VHF communication must be established during installation between the locations of the cable drum, winch, route turns, transitions and intersections with other communications.

3.102. Cables laid on cable structures with a span between them of 0.8-1 m must be secured on all supports with aluminum brackets with two layers of rubber 2 mm thick, unless otherwise indicated in the working documentation.

Marking of cable lines

3.103. Each cable line must be marked and have its own number or name.

3.104. Labels must be installed on exposed cables and cable joints.

On hidden cables in pipes or blocks, tags should be installed at the end points of end couplings, in wells and chambers of block sewerage, as well as at each coupling.

On hidden cables in trenches, tags are installed at the end points and at each coupling.

3.105. Tags should be used: in dry rooms - made of plastic, steel or aluminum; in damp areas, outside buildings and in the ground - made of plastic.

3.106. Tags must be secured to the cables with nylon thread or galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 1-2 mm, or plastic tape with a button. The place where the tag is attached to the cable with wire and the wire itself in damp rooms, outside buildings and in the ground must be covered with bitumen to protect against moisture.

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3.107. Sections with compensators and flexible sections of main busbar trunkings must be secured to two supporting structures installed symmetrically on both sides of the flexible part of the busbar trunking section. Fastening the busbar to supporting structures in horizontal sections should be done with clamps that allow the busbar to move when the temperature changes. Busbar laid in vertical sections must be rigidly secured to the structures with bolts.

For ease of removal of covers (casing parts), as well as to ensure cooling, the busbar duct should be installed with a gap of 50 mm from the walls or other building structures of the building.

Pipes or metal hoses with wires must be inserted into branch sections through holes made in the busbar trunking casings. Pipes should be terminated with bushings.

3.108. The permanent connection of the busbar sections of the main busbar must be made by welding, the connections of the distribution and lighting busbars must be dismountable (bolted).

The connection of trolley busbar sections must be made using special connecting parts.

The current collection carriage must move freely along the guides along the slot of the box of the mounted trolley busbar.

Current conductors are open with voltage 6-35 kV

3.109. These rules must be observed when installing rigid and flexible conductors with a voltage of 6-35 kV.

3.110. As a rule, all work on the installation of current conductors must be carried out with preliminary preparation of units and sections of blocks at procurement and assembly sites, workshops or factories.

3.111. All connections and branches of buses and wires are made in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 3.8;3.13; 3.14.

3.112. In places of bolted and hinged connections, measures must be provided to prevent self-unscrewing (cotter pins, lock nuts - locking, disc or spring washers). All fasteners must have an anti-corrosion coating (zinc plating, passivation).

3.113. Installation of open-supported current conductors is carried out in accordance with paragraphs. 3.129-3.146.

3.114. When adjusting the suspension of a flexible conductor, uniform tension of all its links must be ensured.

3.115. Connections of flexible conductors should be made in the middle of the span after the wires have been rolled out before they are drawn out.

OVERHEAD POWER LINES

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3.116. The clearing along the VL route must be cleared of felled trees and shrubs. Commercial timber and firewood should be stacked outside the clearing.

3.117. Burning of branches and other logging residues should be carried out within the permitted period of time.

3.118. Wood left in stacks on the overhead line route for the fire-hazardous period, as well as the “shafts” of logging residues remaining during this period, should be bordered by a mineralized strip 1 m wide, from which grass vegetation, forest litter and other combustible materials of the pre-mineral soil layer should be completely removed.

Construction of pits and foundations for supports

3.119. The construction of pits for foundations should be carried out in accordance with the work production rules set out in SNiP III-8-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.

3.120. Pit foundation pits for supports should, as a rule, be developed using drilling machines. The development of pits must be carried out to the design level.

3.121. The development of pits in rocky, frozen, permafrost soils may be carried out by explosions for “throwing out” or “loosening” in accordance with the Unified Safety Rules for Blasting Works, approved by the State Mining and Technical Supervision of the USSR.

In this case, the pits should be short-cut to the design mark by 100-200 mm, followed by finishing with jackhammers.

3.122. The pits should be drained by pumping out water before installing foundations.

3.123. In winter, the development of pits, as well as the installation of foundations in them, should be carried out in an extremely short time frame, to prevent freezing of the bottom of the pits.

3.124. The construction of foundations on permafrost soils is carried out while maintaining the natural frozen state of the soil in accordance with SNiP II-18-76 and SNiP 3.02.01-83.

3.125. Prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and piles must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.02.01-83, SNiP II-17-77, SNiP IISNiP II-28-73 and the design of standard structures.

When installing prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations and driving piles, one should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP 3.02.01-83 and SNiP III-16-80.

When installing monolithic reinforced concrete foundations, you should be guided by SNiP III-15-76.

3.126. Welded or bolted joints of racks with foundation slabs must be protected from corrosion. Before welding, parts of the joints must be free of rust. Reinforced concrete foundations with a concrete protective layer thickness of less than 30 mm, as well as foundations installed in aggressive soils, must be protected with waterproofing.

Pickets with aggressive environments must be specified in the project.

3.127. Backfilling of pits with soil should be carried out immediately after the construction and alignment of the foundations. The soil must be thoroughly compacted by layer-by-layer compaction.

Templates used for constructing foundations should be removed after backfilling to at least half the depth of the pits.

The soil for backfilling pits should be protected from freezing.

3.128. Tolerances for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations are given in table. 5.

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3.129. The size of the site for assembling and installing the support must be taken in accordance with the technological map or support assembly diagram specified in the PPR.

3.130. When manufacturing, installing and accepting steel structures for overhead line supports, one should be guided by the requirements of SNiP III-18-75.

3.131. Cable stays for supports must have an anti-corrosion coating. They must be made and marked before the supports are transported to the route and delivered to the pickets complete with supports.

3.132. Installation of supports on foundations that are not completed and not completely covered with soil is prohibited.

3.133. Before installing supports using the hinge method, it is necessary to protect the foundations from shear forces. In the direction opposite to lifting, a braking device should be used.

3.134. The nuts securing the supports must be screwed in completely and secured against self-unscrewing by punching the bolt threads to a depth of at least 3 mm. Two nuts must be installed on the bolts of foundation corner, transition, end and special supports, and one nut per bolt on intermediate supports.

When attaching the support to the foundation, it is allowed to install no more than four steel spacers with a total thickness of up to 40 mm between the fifth support and the upper plane of the foundation. The geometric dimensions of the spacers in plan must be no less than the dimensions of the heel of the support. The gaskets must be connected to each other and the fifth support by welding.

3.135. When installing reinforced concrete structures, you should be guided by the rules for the production of work set out in SNiP III-16-80.

3.136. Before installing reinforced concrete structures received at the picket, you must once again check for the presence of cracks, cavities, potholes and other defects on the surface of the supports in accordance with those specified in clause 2.7.

If the factory waterproofing is partially damaged, the coating must be restored on the highway by painting the damaged areas with molten bitumen (grade 4) in two layers.

3.137. Reliable fastening in the ground of supports installed in drilled or open pits is ensured by compliance with the design depth of the supports, crossbars, anchor plates and careful layer-by-layer compaction of the soil backfilling the pit sinuses.

3.138. Wooden supports and their parts must meet the requirements of SNiP II-25-80 and the standard design project.

When manufacturing and installing wooden overhead line supports, you should be guided by the rules of work set out in SNiP III-19-76.

3.139. For the manufacture of parts for wooden supports, softwood timber should be used in accordance with GOST 9463-72*, factory-impregnated with antiseptics.

The quality of impregnation of support parts must comply with the standards established by GOST 20022.0-82, GOST 20022.2-80, GOST 20022.5-75*, GOST 20022.7-82, GOST 20022.11-79*.

3.140. When assembling wooden supports, all parts must be fitted to each other. The gap in the places of cuts and joints should not exceed 4 mm. The wood at the joints must be free of knots and cracks. Notches, notches and splits must be made to a depth of no more than 20% of the log diameter. The correctness of cuts and cuts must be checked using templates.

Through gaps in the joints of working surfaces are not allowed. Filling cracks or other leaks between working surfaces with wedges is not allowed.

Deviation from the design dimensions of all parts of the assembled wooden support is allowed within the following limits: in diameter - minus 1 plus 2 cm, in length - 1 cm per 1 m. Minus tolerance in the manufacture of traverses from sawn timber is prohibited.

3.141. The holes in the wooden elements of the supports must be drilled. The hole for the hook drilled in the support must have a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the cut part of the hook shank and a depth equal to 0.75 times the length of the cut part. The hook must be screwed into the body of the support with the entire cut part plus 10-15mm.

The diameter of the pin hole must be equal to the outer diameter of the pin shank.

3.142. Bandages for connecting attachments to a wooden support post must be made of soft galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm. It is allowed to use non-galvanized wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm for bandages, provided that it is coated with asphalt varnish. The number of turns of the bandage must be taken in accordance with the design of the supports. If one turn breaks, the entire bandage should be replaced with a new one. The ends of the wires of the bandage should be driven into the tree to a depth of 20-25 mm. It is allowed to use special clamps instead of wire bands.

Each bandage (clamp) must match no more than two parts of the support.

3.143. Wooden piles must be straight, straight-layered, free from rot, cracks and other defects and damage.

The upper end of the wooden pile must be cut perpendicular to its axis in order to avoid deviation of the pile from the given direction during its immersion.

3.144. Tolerances for the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete single-post supports are given in Table. 6.

3.145. Tolerances for the installation of reinforced concrete portal supports are given in table. 7.

3.146. Tolerances for the dimensions of steel structures of supports are given in table. 8.

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Installation of insulators or linear fittings

3.147. On the route, before installation, insulators must be inspected and rejected.

The resistance of porcelain insulators of overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V must be checked before installation with a 2500 V megger; in this case, the insulation resistance of each pendant insulator or each element of a multi-element pin insulator must be at least 300 MOhm.

Cleaning insulators with steel tools is not allowed.

Electrical testing of glass insulators is not carried out.

3.148. On overhead lines with pin insulators, the installation of traverses, brackets and insulators should, as a rule, be carried out before lifting the support.

Hooks and pins must be firmly installed in the rack or traverse of the support; their pin part must be strictly vertical. Hooks and pins should be coated with asphalt varnish to protect them from rust.

Pin insulators must be firmly screwed strictly vertically onto hooks or pins using polyethylene caps.

It is allowed to mount pin insulators on hooks or pins using a solution consisting of 40% Portland cement of a grade not lower than M400 or M500 and 60% thoroughly washed burnt sand. The use of mortar setting accelerators is not allowed.

When reinforcing, the top of the pin or hook must be covered with a thin layer of bitumen.

Installation of pin insulators with an inclination of up to 45° to the vertical is allowed when attaching descents to devices and support loops.

On overhead lines with suspended insulators, parts of the coupling fittings of the insulating suspensions must be cottered, and locks must be placed in the sockets of each element of the insulating suspension. All castles in. insulators must be located on the same straight line. Locks in insulators supporting insulating suspensions should be positioned with the input ends towards the support post, and in tension insulators and fittings of insulating suspensions with the input ends down. Vertical and inclined pins should be positioned with the head up and the nut or cotter pin down.

Installation of wires for game protection cables (ropes)

3.149. When installing their plug-in support and tension (bolt, wedge) clamps, aluminum, steel-aluminum wires and wires made of aluminum alloy must be protected with aluminum gaskets, copper wires - with copper gaskets.

Fastening of wires to pin-type insulators should be done using wire ties, special clamps or clamps; in this case, the wire must be laid on the neck of the pin insulator. Wire binding must be made with wire made of the same metal as the wire. When knitting, bending of the wire with the knitting wire is not allowed.

Branch wires from overhead lines with voltages up to 1000 V must be anchored.

3.150. In each span of overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V, no more than one connection is allowed per wire or rope.

The connection of wires (ropes) in the span must meet the requirements of paragraphs. 3.13-3.14.

3.151. Crimping of connecting, tensioning and repair clamps should be carried out and controlled in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner. Pressed clamps, as well as dies for crimping clamps, must correspond to the brands of mounted wires and ropes. The nominal diameter of the matrix must not be exceeded by more than 0.2 mm; the diameter of the clamp after crimping must not exceed the diameter of the matrix by more than 0.3 mm. If, after crimping, a clamp diameter exceeds the permissible value, the clamp is subject to secondary crimping with new dies. If it is impossible to obtain the required diameter, as well as if there are cracks, the clamp should be cut out and a new one mounted in its place.

3.152. The geometric dimensions of the connecting and tension clamps of overhead line wires must comply with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner. There should be no cracks, traces of corrosion or mechanical damage on their surface, the curvature of the pressed clamp should be no more than 3% of its length, the steel core of the pressed connector should be located symmetrically relative to the aluminum body of the clamp along its length. The displacement of the core relative to the symmetrical position should not exceed 15% of the length pressed part of the wire. Clamps that do not meet the specified requirements must be rejected.

3.153. Thermite welding of wires, as well as the connection of wires using explosion energy, should be carried out and controlled in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner.

3.154. In case of mechanical damage to a stranded wire (breakage of individual wires), a bandage, repair or connecting clamp should be installed.

Repair of damaged wires should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of departmental technological maps approved in the prescribed manner.

3.155. Rolling out wires (ropes) on the ground should, as a rule, be done using moving carts. For supports, the design of which completely or partially does not allow the use of moving unrolling carts, it is allowed to roll out wires (ropes) on the ground from stationary unrolling devices with the obligatory lifting of the wires (ropes) onto the supports as they are rolled out and taking measures to prevent them from being damaged as a result of friction with the ground, rock, rocky and other soils.

Rolling out and tensioning wires and ropes directly over steel crossbars and hooks is prohibited.

Rolling out wires and ropes at subzero temperatures should be carried out taking into account measures to prevent the wire or rope from freezing into the ground.

The transfer of wires and ropes from unrolling rollers to permanent clamps and the installation of spacers on wires with a split phase should be done immediately after completion of the sighting of wires and ropes in the anchor section. In this case, the possibility of damage to the upper layers of wires and ropes must be excluded.

3.156. Installation of cable wires at crossings through engineering structures should be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the protection of electrical networks with voltages over 1000 V with the permission of the organization that owns the structure being crossed, within the timeframe agreed upon by this organization. Wires and ropes rolled out across roads must be protected from damage by lifting them above the road, burying them in the ground or covering them with shields. If necessary, security must be posted in places where damage to wires is possible.

3.157. When sighting wires and ropes, sag booms must be installed according to working drawings using installation tables or curves in accordance with the temperature of the wire or rope during installation. In this case, the actual sag of the wire or rope should not differ from the design value by more than ± 5%, provided that the required dimensions to the ground and intersecting objects are observed.

Misalignment of wires of different phases and ropes relative to each other should be no more than 10% of the design value of the sag of the wire or rope. Misalignment of split-phase wires should be no more than 20% for 330-500 kV overhead lines and 10% for 750 kV overhead lines. The angle of rotation of the wires in phase should be no more than 10°.

Sighting of wires and ropes of overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V up to 750 kV inclusive. should be carried out in spans located in every third of the anchor section when its length is more than 3 km. When the length of the anchor section is less than 3 km, sighting is allowed to be carried out in two spans: the most distant and the closest to the traction mechanism.

Installation of tubular arresters

3.158. The arresters must be installed in such a way that the action indicators are clearly visible to ground.

The installation of spark gaps must ensure the stability of the external spark gap and exclude the possibility of blocking it with a stream of water that can flow from the upper electrode. The arrester must be securely fastened to the support and have good contact with ground.

3.159. When reinstalled on a support, the arresters must be inspected and rejected. The outer surface of the arrester should not have cracks or peeling.

3.160. After installing the tubular spark gaps on the support, you should adjust the size of the external spark gap in accordance with the working drawings, and also check their installation so that the gas exhaust zones do not intersect with each other and do not cover structural elements and wires.

SWITCHGEARS AND SUBSTATIONS

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3.161. The requirements of these rules must be observed when installing open and closed distribution devices and substations with voltages up to 750 kV.

3.162. Before installation of electrical equipment of switchgears and substations, the customer must supply:

transformer oil in the amount necessary to fill fully assembled oil-filled equipment, taking into account the additional amount of oil for technological needs;

clean sealed metal containers for temporary storage of oil;

equipment and devices for processing and filling oil;

special tools and accessories supplied with the equipment in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer, necessary for inspection and adjustment (transferred for the installation period).

Busbars for closed and open switchgears

3.163. The internal bending radius of rectangular-section tires must be: in flat bends - no less than twice the thickness of the tire, in edge bends - no less than its width. The length of the busbar in a corkscrew bend must be at least twice its width.

Instead of bending the edge, joining the tires by welding is allowed.

The bending of the busbars at the connection points must begin at a distance of at least 10 mm from the edge of the contact surface.

The joints of bolted busbars must be separated from the insulator heads and branch points at a distance of at least 50 mm.

Busbar holders and clamps with an alternating current of more than 600 A should not create a closed magnetic circuit around the busbars.

To do this, one of the linings or all the tie bolts located on one side of the tire must be made of a non-magnetic material (bronze, aluminum and its alloys, etc.) or a bus holder design that does not form a closed magnetic circuit must be used.

3.164. Flexible tires along their entire length should not have twists, strands, or broken wires. The sag should not differ from the design by more than ± 5%. All wires in the split phase of the busbar must have the same tension and must be separated by spacers.

3.165. Connections between adjacent devices must be made with one piece of busbar (without cutting).

3.166. Tubular tires must have devices to dampen vibration and compensate for temperature changes in their length.

In areas connecting to devices, the busbars must be positioned horizontally.

3.167. Connections and branches of flexible wires must be made by welding or crimping.

The connection of branches in the span must be made without cutting the span wires. Bolted connections are allowed only on device terminals and on branches to arresters, coupling capacitors and voltage transformers, as well as for temporary installations for which the use of permanent connections requires a large amount of work on re-wiring the busbars. Connections of flexible wires and busbars to the terminals of electrical equipment should be made taking into account compensation for temperature changes in their length.

Insulators

3.168. Before installation, insulators must be checked for the integrity of the porcelain (be free from cracks and chips). Spacers for insulator flanges should not protrude beyond the flanges.

3.169. The surface of the caps of the support insulators when installed in closed distribution devices must be in the same plane. The deviation should not be more than 2mm.

3.170. The axes of all support and bushing insulators standing in a row should not deviate to the side by more than 5 mm.

3.171. When installing bushings of 1000 A or more in steel plates, the possibility of the formation of closed magnetic circuits must be excluded.

3.172. Installation of garlands of pendant insulators of open distribution devices must meet the following requirements:

connecting ears, brackets, intermediate links, etc. must be cottered;

the fittings of the garlands must correspond to the size of the insulators and wires.

The insulation resistance of porcelain pendant insulators should be checked with a 2.5 kV megger before lifting the garlands onto the support.

Switches with voltages above 1000 V

3.173. Installation, assembly and adjustment of switches should be carried out in accordance with the installation instructions of the manufacturers; When assembling, you should strictly adhere to the markings of the switch elements given in the specified instructions.

3.174. When assembling and installing air circuit breakers, the following must be ensured: horizontal installation of the support frames and air tanks, verticality of the support columns, equal dimensions along the height of the columns of the tripod insulators (braces), alignment of the installation of the insulators. The deviation of the axes of the central vertical support columns should not exceed the norms specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

3.175. The internal surfaces of air switches that come into contact with compressed air must be cleaned;

The bolts holding the collapsible flange connections of the insulators must be evenly tightened with a wrench with an adjustable tightening torque.

3.176. After completing the installation of the air switches, you should check the amount of compressed air leakage, which should not exceed the standards specified in the factory instructions. Before switching on, it is necessary to ventilate the internal cavities of the air switch.

3.177. Distribution cabinets and switch control cabinets must be checked, including the directionality of the position of block contacts and strikers of electromagnets. All valves must have easy movement, good fit of the cones to the seats. Signal-locking contacts must be correctly installed, electrical contact pressure gauges must be tested in the laboratory.

Disconnectors, separators and short circuiters with voltages above 1000 V

3.178. Installation, assembly and adjustment of disconnectors, separators and short circuiters should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.179. When assembling and installing disconnectors, separators, short circuiters, the following must be ensured: horizontal installation of the support frames, verticality and equality in height of the columns of the support insulators, and alignment of the contact knives.

The deviation of the support frame from the horizontal and the axes of the assembled insulator columns from the vertical, as well as the displacement of the axes of the contact knives in the horizontal and vertical plane and the gap between the ends of the contact knives should not exceed the norms specified in the manufacturers' instructions. Alignment of the speakers is allowed using metal pads.

3.180. The steering wheel or handle of the lever drive must have (when turned on and off) the direction of movement indicated in the table. 9.

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The idle stroke of the drive handle should not exceed 5°.

3.181. The knives of the devices must correctly (in the center) fall into the fixed contacts, enter them without shock or distortion, and when turned on, do not reach the stop by 3-5 mm.

3.182. When the grounding knife is in the “On” and “Off” positions, the rods and levers must be in the “Dead Center” position, ensuring that the knife is fixed in its extreme positions.

3.183. The block contacts of the disconnector drive must be installed so that the block contact control mechanism is activated at the end of each operation 4-10 ° before the end of the stroke.

3.184. Blocking of disconnectors with switches, as well as the main knives of disconnectors with grounding knives, should not allow operation of the disconnector drive in the switched position, as well as the grounding knives when the main knives are in the on position, and the main knives when the grounding knives are in the on position.

Arresters

3.185. Before installation begins, all elements of the arresters should be inspected for the absence of cracks and chips in the porcelain and for the absence of holes and cracks in the cement joints. Leakage currents and resistances of the working elements of the arresters must be measured in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions.

3.186. When assembling arresters on a common frame, the alignment and verticality of the insulators must be ensured.

3.187. After installation is completed, the annular gaps in the columns between the working elements and insulators must be filled and painted over.

Instrument transformers

3.188. When installing transformers, their vertical installation must be ensured. Vertical adjustment can be made using steel spacers.

3.189. Unused secondary windings of current transformers must be short-circuited at their terminals. One of the poles of the secondary windings of current transformers and voltage transformers must be grounded in all cases (except as specifically specified in the shop drawings).

3.190. The high-voltage inputs of mounted instrument voltage transformers must be short-circuited before they are switched on. The transformer housing must be grounded.

Reactors and inductors

3.191. Reactor phases installed one below the other must be located according to the markings (H - lower phase, C

Middle, B - top), and the direction of the windings of the middle phase should be opposite to the direction of the windings of the outer phases.

3.192. Steel structures located in close proximity to reactors should not have closed loops.

Complete and prefabricated distribution devices and complex transformer substations

3.193. When accepting the installation of cabinets of complete switchgears and complete transformer substations, the completeness of the technical documentation of the manufacturer must be checked (passport, technical description and operating instructions, electrical diagrams of the main and auxiliary circuits, operational documentation for the component equipment, spare parts list).

3.194. When installing switchgear and switchgear substations, their verticality must be ensured. The difference in levels of the load-bearing surface for complete distribution devices is allowed to be 1 mm per 1 m of surface, but not more than 5 mm over the entire length of the load-bearing surface.

Transformers

3.195. All transformers must be allowed to be put into operation without inspection of the active part, provided that the transformers are transported and stored in accordance with the requirements of GOST 11677-75*.

3.196. Transformers delivered by the customer to the substation territory must be oriented relative to the foundations during transportation in accordance with the working drawings. The speed of movement of the transformer within the substation on its own rollers should not exceed 8 m/min.

3.197. The issue of installing transformers without revising the active part and lifting the bell must be decided by a representative of the installation supervision of the manufacturer, and in the absence of an agreement for installation supervision - by the installation organization based on the requirements of the document specified in clause 3.195 and the following acts and protocols:

inspection of the transformer and dismantled components after transporting the transformer from the manufacturer to its destination;

transformer unloading;

transportation of the transformer to the installation site;

storage of the transformer until delivery for installation.

3.198. The issue of the permissibility of turning on a transformer without drying should be decided on the basis of a comprehensive consideration of the conditions and condition of the transformer during transportation, storage, installation and taking into account the results of inspection and testing in accordance with the requirements of the document specified in clause 3.195.

Static converters

3.199. Disassembly of semiconductor devices is not permitted. When installing them you should:

avoid sharp shocks and impacts;

remove preservative grease and clean contact surfaces with solvent;

install water-cooled devices horizontally;

position the cooler fitting in a vertical plane so that the inlet fitting is at the bottom;

Compressors and air ducts

3.200. Compressors sealed by the manufacturer are not subject to disassembly and inspection at the installation site.

Compressors that do not have a seal and arrive at the construction site in assembled form are subject to partial disassembly and inspection before installation to the extent necessary to remove preservative coatings, as well as to check the condition of bearings, valves, seals, oil lubrication and water cooling systems.

3.201. Mounted compressor units must be tested in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions together with automatic control, monitoring, alarm and protection systems.

3.202. The internal surface of the air ducts must be wiped with transformer oil. Permissible deviations of the linear dimensions of each air duct unit from the design dimensions should not be more than ± 3 mm per meter, but no more than ± 10 mm over the entire length. Deviations of angular dimensions and non-flatness of axes in a node should not exceed ± 2.5 mm per 1 m, but not more than ± 8 mm for the entire subsequent straight section.

3.203. Mounted air ducts must be purged at an air speed of 10-15 m/s and a pressure equal to the operating pressure (but not more than 4.0 MPa) for at least 10 minutes and tested for strength and density. The pressure during pneumatic strength testing for air pipelines with a working pressure of 0.5 MPa and above should be 1.25 Pwork, but not less than Pwork 0.3 MPa. When testing air line density, the test pressure must be equal to the operating pressure. During the process of raising pressure, the air pipeline is inspected when it reaches 30 and 60% of the test pressure. During the inspection of the air duct, the pressure rise stops. The strength test pressure must be maintained for 5 minutes, after which it is reduced to working pressure, at which the air pipeline is tested for density within 12 minutes.

Capacitors and high-frequency communication barriers

3.204. When assembling and installing coupling capacitors, the horizontal installation of the supports and the vertical installation of the capacitors must be ensured.

3.205. High-frequency jammers must be configured in the laboratory before installation.

3.206. When installing high-frequency barriers, the verticality of their suspension and the reliability of the contacts at the points where the adjustment elements are connected must be ensured.

Switchgears with voltage up to 1000 V, control panels, protection and automation

3.207. Panels and cabinets must be supplied by manufacturers fully assembled, audited, adjusted and tested in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, state standards or technical specifications of manufacturers.

3.208. Switchboards, control stations, protection and automation panels, as well as control panels must be aligned with the main axes of the rooms in which they are installed. During installation, panels must be level and plumb. Fastening to embedded parts must be done by welding or detachable connections. Installation of panels without fastening to the floor is allowed if this is provided for in the working drawings. The panels must be bolted together.

Battery installations

3.209. Acceptance and installation of stationary acid (GOST 825-73) and alkaline (GOST 9240-79E and GOST 9241-79E) closed-type batteries and open-type battery parts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements given in state standards, technical specifications and other documents defining the completeness of delivery, their technical characteristics and quality.

3.210. Batteries must be installed in accordance with shop drawings on wood, steel or concrete racks or fume hood shelves. The design, dimensions, coating and quality of wooden and steel racks must comply with the requirements of GOST 1226-82.

The internal surface of fume hoods for placing batteries must be painted with paint that is resistant to electrolyte.

3.211. The batteries in the battery must be numbered with large numbers on the front wall of the vessel or on the longitudinal bar of the rack. The paint must be acid-resistant for acid and alkali-resistant for alkaline batteries. The first number in the battery is usually marked on the battery to which the positive bus is connected.

3.212. When installing a busbar in a battery room, the following requirements must be met:

busbars must be laid on insulators and secured in them with busbar holders; connections and branches of copper busbars must be made by welding or soldering, aluminum busbars - only by welding; welds in contact joints should not have sagging, depressions, as well as cracks, warping and burns; Remains of flux and slag must be removed from welding areas;

the ends of the busbars connected to acid batteries must be pre-tinned and then soldered into the cable lugs of the connecting strips;

the busbars must be connected to alkaline batteries using lugs, which must be welded or soldered to the busbars and clamped with nuts on the battery terminals;

non-insulated busbars along their entire length must be painted in two layers of paint that is resistant to prolonged exposure to electrolyte.

3.213. The design of the plate for removing busbars from the battery room must be given in the project.

3.214. Vessels of acid batteries must be leveled on conical insulators, the wide bases of which must be laid on leveling pads made of lead or vinyl plastic. The walls of the vessels facing the passage must be in the same plane.

When using concrete racks, battery vessels must be installed on insulators.

3.215. The plates in open acid batteries must be arranged parallel to each other.

Distortion of the entire group of plates or the presence of crooked soldered plates is not allowed. In places where the shanks of the plates are soldered to the connecting strips there should be no cavities, layering, protrusions or smudges of lead.

Cover glasses resting on the projections (booms) of the plates must be placed on open-type acid batteries. The dimensions of these glasses should be 5-7 mm smaller than the internal dimensions of the vessel. For batteries with tank dimensions greater than 400x200 mm, cover glasses made of two or more parts can be used.

3.216. When preparing sulfuric acid electrolyte you should:

use sulfuric acid that meets the requirements of GOST 667-73;

To dilute the acid, use water that meets the requirements of GOST 6709-72.

3.217. Closed batteries must be installed on racks on insulators or insulating gaskets that are resistant to electrolyte. The distance between batteries in a row must be at least 20 mm.

3.218. Alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using nickel-plated steel inter-element jumpers with a cross-section specified in the design.

Rechargeable alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using copper cable jumpers (wires) with a cross-section specified in the design.

3.219. To prepare an alkaline electrolyte, a ready-made mixture of potassium oxide hydrate and lithium oxide hydrate or caustic soda and lithium oxide hydrate of factory production and distilled water should be used. The content of impurities in water is not standardized.

It is allowed to use separately potassium oxide hydrate according to GOST 9285-78 or caustic soda according to GOST 2263-79 and lithium oxide hydrate according to GOST 8595-75, dosed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for caring for batteries.

Vaseline oil or kerosene should be poured into the batteries on top of the alkaline electrolyte.

3.220. The electrolyte density of charged alkaline batteries should be 1.205 ± 0.005 g/cm3 at a temperature of 293 K (20 ° C). The electrolyte level of acid batteries must be at least 10 mm above the top edge of the plates.

The density of the potassium-lithium electrolyte of alkaline batteries should be 1.20 ± 0.01 g/cm3 at a temperature of 288-308 K (15-35 ° C).

ELECTRIC POWER INSTALLATIONS

– – –

3.221. Before installation of electrical machines and multi-machine units of general purpose, the following must be in place:

the presence and readiness for operation of lifting vehicles in the installation area of electrical machines were checked (the readiness of lifting vehicles must be confirmed by their testing and acceptance into operation);

selected and tested rigging (winches, hoists, blocks, jacks);

a set of mechanisms, devices, as well as mounting wedges and linings, wedge jacks and screw devices (for the unsupported installation method) have been selected.

3.222. Electrical machines should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.223. Electrical machines that arrived from the manufacturer in assembled form should not be disassembled at the installation site before installation. If there is no certainty that the machine remains undamaged and uncontaminated during transportation and storage after factory assembly, the need and extent of disassembly of the machine must be determined by a report drawn up by competent representatives of the customer and the electrical installation organization.

Work on disassembling the machine and its subsequent assembly must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.224. When conducting tests upon completion of installation of DC electric machines and AC electric motors that arrived disassembled or were disassembled, the gaps between the steel of the rotor and the stator, the gaps in the plain bearings and the vibration of the electric motor bearings, the rotor run-up in the axial direction must correspond to those specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturers.

3.225. Determining the possibility of turning on DC machines and AC motors with voltages above 1000 V without drying should be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Switching devices

3.226. Switching devices should be installed in the locations indicated in the working drawings and in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

3.227. The devices or supporting structures on which they are to be installed should be secured to the building foundations in the manner indicated in the working drawings (with dowels, bolts, screws, using pins, supporting structures - by welding to the embedded elements of the building foundations, etc.). Construction foundations must ensure that the devices are secured without distortion and prevent the occurrence of unacceptable vibrations.

3.228. The insertion of wires, cables or pipes into devices should not violate the degree of protection of the shell of the devices and create mechanical stress that deforms them.

3.229. When installing several devices in a unit, access must be provided for servicing each of them.

Electrical equipment of cranes

3.230. When preparing and carrying out work on the installation of cranes at a construction site, the degree of factory electrical readiness of the crane equipment, which is regulated by GOST 24378-80E, must be taken into account.

The manufacturer, in accordance with the specified GOST, must perform the following work on general purpose cranes:

electrical installation of crane cabins and cargo trolleys;

production of power supply lines for cargo trolleys;

production of electrical wire units (harnesses) with lugs and end markings for bridges;

installation on the crane bridge of stands and brackets for electrical equipment, drawers, boxes or pipes for laying electrical wires;

assembly of electrical equipment installed on the bridge (resistors, magnetic stations) into blocks with installation of internal electrical circuits.

3.231. Work on the installation of the electrical part of overhead cranes should be carried out at the zero level until the bridge, crane operator's cabin and trolley are raised to the design position.

3.232. Before the start of electrical installation work, the crane must be accepted for installation by a mechanical installation organization, documented by an act. The act must stipulate permission to carry out electrical work on the crane, including at the zero mark.

3.233. At the zero level, it is necessary to carry out the maximum possible amount of electrical installation work, which should begin after the bridge has been securely installed on the layouts and a permit has been obtained from the mechanical installation organization.

The remaining amount of electrical installation work must be performed after lifting the crane to the design position and installing it in close proximity to the transition gallery, staircase or repair platform, from which a reliable and safe transition to the crane must be ensured.

In addition, before electrical installation work is carried out, the crane installed in the design position must have:

assembly and installation of the bridge, trolley, cabin, fences and railings are completely completed;

The main trolleys are fenced or located at a distance that prevents access to them from any place on the crane where people may be.

Capacitor units

3.234. When installing capacitor units, horizontal installation of frames and vertical installation of capacitors must be ensured;

the distance between the bottom of the lower tier condensers and the floor of the room or the bottom of the oil receiver must be at least 100 mm;

capacitor passports (plates with technical data) must face the direction of the passage from which they are serviced;

the inventory (serial) number of the capacitor must be written with oil-resistant paint on the wall of the tank of each capacitor facing the service aisle;

the location of current-carrying busbars and methods of connecting them to capacitors should ensure the convenience of replacing capacitors during operation;

The busbar should not create bending forces in the terminal insulators of the capacitors;

The grounding wire must be located so that it does not interfere with changing capacitors during operation.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

3.235. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps must be handed over by the customer for installation in good condition and tested for lighting effect.

3.236. The fastening of the luminaire to the supporting surface (structure) must be dismountable.

3.237. Luminaires used in installations subject to vibration and shock must be installed using shock-absorbing devices.

3.238. Hooks and pins for hanging lamps in residential buildings must have devices that isolate them from the lamp.

3.239. The connection of luminaires to the group network must be made using terminal blocks that provide the connection of both copper and aluminum (aluminum-copper) wires with a cross-section of up to 4 mm2.

3.240. In residential buildings, single cartridges (for example, in kitchens and hallways) must be connected to the group network wires using terminal blocks.

3.241. The ends of the wires connected to lamps, meters, automatic machines, panels and electrical installation devices must have a reserve length sufficient for reconnection in the event of their breakage.

3.242. When connecting circuit breakers and screw-type fuses, the protective (neutral) wire must be connected to the screw sleeve of the base.

3.243. Inputs of wires and cables into lamps and electrical installation devices when installed outdoors must be sealed to protect against the penetration of dust and moisture.

3.244. Electrical installation devices when installed openly in production premises must be enclosed in special casings or boxes.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF INSTALLATIONS IN EXPLOSIVE AND FIRE HAZARDOUS AREAS

3.245. Installation of electrical installations in explosive and fire hazardous areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these rules and departmental building standards approved by the USSR State Construction Committee in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.01-82.

GROUNDING DEVICES

3.246. When installing grounding devices, these rules and the requirements of GOST 12.1.030-81 must be observed.

3.247. Each part of the electrical installation that is subject to grounding or grounding must be connected to the grounding or grounding network using a separate branch. Sequential inclusion of grounded or grounded parts of the electrical installation into the grounding or protective conductor is not allowed.

3.248. The connection of grounding and neutral protective conductors must be made: by welding on highways made of building profiles; bolted connections - on highways made by electrical installation structures; bolted connections or welding - when connecting to electrical equipment; soldering or crimping

In end seals and couplings on cables. The joints after welding must be painted.

3.249. Contact connections in the grounding or grounding circuit must comply with class 2 according to GOST 10434-82.

3.250. The locations and methods of connecting grounding and neutral protective conductors to natural grounding conductors must be indicated in the working drawings.

3.251. Grounding and neutral protective conductors must be protected from chemical influences and mechanical damage in accordance with the instructions given in the working drawings.

3.252. Grounding or grounding lines and branches from them in enclosed spaces and outdoor installations must be accessible for inspection. This requirement does not apply to neutral conductors and cable sheaths, to reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, as well as to grounding and neutral protective conductors laid in pipes, ducts or embedded in building structures.

3.253. The installation of shunt jumpers on pipelines, apparatus, crane runways, between flanges of air ducts and the connection of grounding and grounding networks to them is carried out by organizations that install pipelines, apparatus, crane runways and air ducts.

3.254. Grounding of ropes, rods or steel wires used as a load-bearing cable must be done from two opposite ends by connecting to the grounding line or grounding by welding. For galvanized ropes, a bolted connection is allowed with protection of the connection point from corrosion.

3.255. When using metal and reinforced concrete structures (foundations, columns, trusses, rafters, rafters and crane beams) as grounding devices, all metal elements of these structures must be connected to each other, forming a continuous electrical circuit, reinforced concrete elements (columns), in addition must have metal outlets (embedded products) for connecting grounding or neutral protective conductors to them by welding.

3.256. Bolted, rivet and welded connections of metal columns, trusses and beams used in the construction of buildings or structures (including overpasses for all purposes) create a continuous electrical circuit. When constructing a building or structure (including overpasses for all purposes) from reinforced concrete elements, a continuous electrical circuit must be created by welding the reinforcement of adjacent structural elements to each other or by welding the corresponding embedded parts to the reinforcement. These welded connections must be carried out by the construction organization in accordance with the instructions given in the working drawings.

3.257. When attaching electric motors with bolts to grounded (zeroed) metal bases, a jumper should not be made between them.

3.258. The metal sheaths and armor of power and control cables must be connected to each other by flexible copper wire, as well as to metal coupling housings and metal supporting structures. The cross-section of grounding conductors for power cables (in the absence of other instructions in the working drawings) should be, mm2:

at least 6..

For cables with core cross-section up to 10 mm2

– – –

3.259. The cross-section of grounding conductors for control cables must be at least 4 mm2.

3.260. When using building or technological structures as grounding and neutral protective conductors, at least two yellow stripes on a green background must be applied to the jumpers between them, as well as at the places of connections and branches of conductors.

3.261. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V and higher with an insulated neutral, grounding conductors are allowed to be laid in a common shell with phase conductors or separately from them.

3.262. The continuity of the grounding circuit of steel water and gas pipes at the points where they are connected to each other should be ensured by couplings screwed to the end of the thread onto the end of the pipe with a short thread and by installing lock nuts on the pipe with a long thread.

4. COMMISSIONING WORK

4.1. These rules establish requirements for commissioning work on electrical devices.

4.2. Commissioning work must be carried out in accordance with mandatory Appendix 1 to SNiP3.05.05-84 and these rules.

4.3. Commissioning work is a set of works that includes checking, adjusting and testing electrical equipment in order to ensure the electrical parameters and modes specified by the project.

4.4. When performing commissioning work, you should be guided by the requirements of the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations, approved in the manner established by SNiP 1.01.02-83, the project, and operational documentation of the manufacturers.

General conditions of labor safety and industrial sanitation during commissioning are provided by the customer.

4.5. Commissioning work on electrical devices is carried out in four stages (stages).

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BUILDING REGULATIONS

ELECTRICAL DEVICES

SNiP 3.05.06-85

GOSSTROY USSR

MOSCOW 1988

DEVELOPED BY VNIIproektelectromontazh Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR ( VC. Dobrynin, I.N. Dolgov- topic leaders, Ph.D. tech. sciences V.A. Antonov, A.L. Blinchikov, V.V. Belotserkovets, V.A. Demyantsev, Ph.D. tech. sciences N.I. Korotkov, E.G. Panteleev, Ph.D. tech. sciences Yu.A. Roslov, S.N. Starostin, A.K. Shulzhitsky), Orgenergostroy Ministry of Energy of the USSR ( G.N. Elenbogen, N.V. Balanov, N.A. Voinilovich, A.L. Gonchar, N.M. Lerner), Selenergoproekt of the USSR Ministry of Energy ( G.F. Sumin, Yu.V.Nepomnyashchy), UGPI Tyazhpromelektroproekt Minmontazhspetsstroy of the Ukrainian SSR ( E.G. Poddubny, A.A. Koba).