The group of the best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and central Russia includes: Anise gray, Antonovka vulgaris, Renet bergamot, Slavyanka, etc.
Winter variety Anise gray in the photo
Anise gray (striped)
The tree develops strongly, forming a powerful, wide-pyramidal, fairly dense crown. The main branches and their branches are firmly attached and can withstand large harvests. Restores the crown well. The most winter-hardy variety. Life expectancy is 60-80 years. There are also hundred-year-old trees.
This is one of the best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and the middle zone, high-yielding and early-fruiting. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Harvests are annual. During the period of initial fruiting, the yield is moderate, and at the time of full fruiting it produces high yields: 300-350 kg of apples are often harvested from individual trees. Flowering early.
As can be seen in the photo, this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, has fruits of medium size, sometimes small (60-75 g), flat-round, slightly conical, with light green aromatic skin covered with a grayish-red smoky coating or numerous reddish stripes:
Apple variety “Anise gray” in the photo 
“Anise” apple fruits are flat-round, slightly conical (photo)
The pulp is light green, juicy, sweet and sour with a spicy taste.
The fruits are eaten in the second half of September. They remain in storage until February.
Gray anise is the best variety of apple trees for fresh consumption and for technical processing (dough, jam, juices, confectionery); good for the lobe.
The main variety in all zones, both in rain-fed and irrigated gardens. Although it is drought-resistant, when irrigated, the size of the fruit and its yield increase sharply.
Apple tree "Antonovka vulgaris" in the photo
Antonovka vulgare
The tree reaches large sizes, forming a well-developed spherical crown with the main branches firmly attached to the trunk. Relatively frost-resistant. When describing this winter apple tree variety recommended for the Moscow region, it is worth noting that it grows and bears fruit better on moderately moist or irrigated soils.
It begins to bear fruit at the age of 7-8 years. Productivity is high, with a rapid increase during the period of initial fruiting. This necessitates systematic fertilization.
Look at the photo - when describing this winter variety of apple trees, it is especially worth noting the large (on average 120-150 g), round-cylindrical or conical with wide ribs, light yellow, with a strong aroma:
Winter apple tree variety “Antonovka vulgaris” in the photo 
The fruits of the “Antonovka vulgaris” apple tree are round-cylindrical or conical with wide ribs (photo)
The pulp is white, juicy, tartrate-sweet, pleasant taste.
Flowering later. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Ripening in October - November. Keeps in storage for 3-4 months, a valuable variety for fresh consumption and technical processing: large quantities are used for the preparation of marshmallows, candied fruits, marmalade, jelly, apple dough; good for the lobe.
Apple tree variety “Antonovka-kamenichka” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Antonovka-kamenichka” in the photo
Antonovka-kamenichka
Apple tree variety “Renet bergamot” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Renet bergamot” in the photo
Renet bergamot
This winter variety of apple trees, grown in the middle zone, was obtained by I. V. Michurin from the seeds of Antonovka six hundred grams.
The tree is vigorous, with an oval, medium-dense crown, with strong main branches. In the conditions of the region it tolerates winter well. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 6-7 years. The productivity is high: in the conditions of the region it is no lower than that of gray anise. Flowering is mid-early.
It bears fruit mainly at the ends of fruit twigs, which must be taken into account when pruning.
Not resistant enough against scab, especially in rainy years or in low areas.
The fruits are large or medium (average weight 120-125 g), onion-shaped, without ribs. The stalk lacks the usual funnel, and some fruits have a tubercle here, like pears. When picked, the fruits are green, but when stored they acquire a yellow color, often with a pinkish “tan” on the sunny side. The pulp is dense, sweet and sour.
Late winter variety. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. The fruits last for 6-7 months. They tolerate long-distance transportation well. Consumed fresh.
Here you can see photos of the best varieties of apple trees, described above:
Apple variety “Anise striped” in the photo 
Apple variety “Antonovka ordinary” in the photo
What popular winter varieties of apple trees are best planted in the middle zone?
Apple tree variety “Slavyanka” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Slavyanka” in the photo
Slav
This popular winter variety of apple trees for the middle zone was obtained by I. V. Michurin by crossing Antonovka vulgare with pineapple. The variety is early-bearing, high-yielding. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 4-5 with a rapid increase in yields over the years.
The tree is of moderate development, forms a rounded, medium-spreading beautiful crown. Winter hardiness is good. Flowering later.
The fruits are of medium or below average size (average weight 60-65 g), onion-round, yellowish-green when picked, turning yellow when stored. The pulp is juicy, tender, with excellent tartrate taste.
Eating fruits - at the end of September; consumer maturity - mid-November. They remain stored for 5-6 months; endure long-distance transport. The best dessert variety.
This is one of those varieties of apple trees that are best planted in the Moscow region on fertilized, moderately moist or irrigated soils. With a lack of moisture it produces small fruits.
Apple tree variety “Skryzhapel” in the photo 
Fruits of the Skryzhapel apple tree in the photo
Skryzhapel
The tree is vigorous, with a pyramidal crown. Winter hardiness is good. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Productivity is high. Flowering occurs in medium terms.
At the age of initial fruiting it produces moderate yields, and at the age of full yields it produces high yields.
The fruits are medium-sized, flat-rounded, strongly ribbed, yellow-green, with dark red densely spaced continuous and intermittent stripes.
This is one of the best varieties of apple trees for the middle zone with dense, juicy, light green pulp with a sweetish taste and slight acidity. The fruits are harvested at the end of September. They remain stored for 6-7 months. Transport is tolerated well. They are often affected by scab.
The variety is found in several forms, differing in yield, fruit size and color. When propagating, it is necessary to take cuttings from trees that are more productive, with larger and better colored fruits.
Apple tree variety “Borsdorf-Chinese” in the photo 
Fruits of the Borsdorf-Chinese apple tree in the photo
Borsdorf-Chinese
The variety was bred by I.V. Michurin by crossing Borsdorf bulbous with Chinese.
Trees of medium development. Winter hardiness is average. They begin to bear fruit at the age of 5-6 years with a rapid increase in yields over the years. Productivity is high: at 12 years of age it produces up to 130 kg per tree. The fruits are medium or below average size (average weight 60-70 g), rounded, smooth, greenish, yellow-green when lying down with whitish, barely noticeable subcutaneous dots, sometimes with blush on the sunny side. The pulp is dense, juicy, sweet and sour, with an excellent taste with a slight spice.
The fruits are harvested at the end of September. Consumer maturity in November - December. Stored in storage for up to 10 months. This is one of those varieties of apple trees that are best planted in the Moscow region; the fruits tolerate transportation well.
Higher yields and fruits of better commercial quality are obtained in irrigated gardens.
This selection contains photos of winter varieties of apple trees recommended for the Moscow region in central Russia:
Apple tree variety “Winter dessert” in the photo 
Apple tree fruits “Winter dessert” in the photo
Winter dessert
The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is winter-hardy, of medium vigor, with a flat-rounded crown. The variety is winter, its yield is high - in the 3rd year of fruiting the tree produced 21 kg of fruit.
The fruits are round-conical, medium in size, weighing about 100 g (larger than anises), covered with a bright speckled-striped blush along the main yellow color of the skin in the form of shiny carmine stripes and wide strokes with a strong bluish bloom.
The pulp is light yellow, juicy, fine-grained, dense, tender, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Removable fruit maturity occurs in the first half of September. The shelf life and consumption period are longer than those of anise and antonovka vulgare (from October to March). Recommended for testing in all middle zones.
Apple tree variety “Yellow ribbed” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Yellow ribbed” in the photo
Yellow ribbed
The variety was bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is winter-hardy, medium-sized, with a rounded crown. The variety is typically winter. The annual yield is high. In the 3rd year of fruiting, the tree produces 19 kg of fruit.
The fruits are medium in size (larger than anises), conical in shape, with pronounced ribbing in the upper part of the fruit. The description of this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, fully corresponds to the name: its fruits are yellow, with an orange-red tan on the sunny side.
The pulp is light yellow, juicy, dense, fine-grained, with an excellent sweet and sour taste. Removable maturity - in the second half of September. The fruits ripen in October - November and are stored for a long time without losing their high dessert qualities, having in this regard advantages over local varieties.
“Winter dessert” in the photo 
“Yellow ribbed” in the photo
Apple tree variety “Scarlet Anise” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Scarlet Anise” in the photo
Scarlet anise (velvet, red, morocco)
An ancient variety, widespread in the middle zone.
The trees grow strongly, forming a wide pyramidal crown with dense branching. The main branches are firmly attached to the trunk and support large harvests. They are distinguished by durability, great frost resistance (but somewhat less than Gray Anise) and drought resistance. Productivity is high. During the period of initial fruiting (5-10 years) it produces moderate yields, during the period of highest yields (20-50 years) it produces high yields. Individual trees produce up to 200-300 kg of fruit. They begin to bear fruit from the 5th-6th year. Flowering early.
This autumn variety of apple trees for the middle zone has fruits of medium size (60-70 g), very beautiful, flat-rounded, slightly conical, with a blurred red blush and a bluish bloom, fragrant. The pulp is greenish-white, sometimes with a pink tint, dense, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, spicy.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September. Stored in storage for 3-4 months. They tolerate long-distance transportation well. Consumed fresh; good for technical processing (jam, pastille, etc.) and lobes.
Fruits in storage are sometimes affected by bitter rot (pepper rot), so during storage they need to be checked more often. With high drought resistance, the variety in irrigated gardens produces higher yields of better commercial quality fruits.
Apple tree variety “Malt cross” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Malt cross” apple tree in the photo
Malta cross
The trees are vigorous, with an elongated oval-rounded, medium-dense crown and straight main branches. In mature trees, under the weight of the harvest, the crown becomes spreading. The variety is winter-hardy. Productivity is high. It begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year. Flowering is mid-early. At the age of initial fruiting it produces moderate yields, and at the time of full fruiting it produces high yields, superior to many local varieties. Individual trees produce 250-350 kg of fruit.
This one of the best autumn varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region has large fruits (average weight 120 g), flat-rounded, slightly conical in the upper part, wide-ribbed.
The skin is yellow, matte, thick; on the sunny side it is covered with a continuous blush, along which there are red stripes. Large subcutaneous dots are scattered throughout the fruit, giving it a “marbling” appearance.
The pulp is yellowish-white, medium-dense, moderately juicy, with a good sweet and sour taste.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September. They remain stored for 2-2.5 months. They tolerate transportation well. Consumed fresh and for technical processing. Good for the lobe.
Apple tree "Borovinka" in the photo
Borovinka
Central Russian variety, widespread in the middle zone.
Trees of medium development with a spherical, medium-dense crown, covered with dark green foliage. The main branches sometimes break off under the weight of the fruit. Therefore, by the time of full fruiting they should be secured by tying. The variety is winter-hardy. Productivity is high, annual. They begin to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year, sometimes earlier, with a rapid increase in yield. During the period of greatest harvests, 300-350 kg of fruits are often removed from individual trees. Flowering early. A good pollinator for many varieties.
Reacts well to fertilizers and irrigation.
In low-lying areas, as well as in rainy years, fruits are affected by scab.
Pay attention to the photo - this variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, has medium-sized or large fruits (average weight 80-100 g), round or flat-rounded, smooth or with weak ribbing:
Fruits of the Borovinka apple tree in the photo 
The fruit is round or flat-round, smooth or with slight ribbing (photo)
The skin is yellow-green, smooth, shiny, covered with pale red or carmine wide stripes throughout the fruit. Subcutaneous points are clearly visible. The pulp is yellow-white, juicy, with a pleasant tartine-sweet taste.
Fruit harvesting is at the end of August. Consumed fresh and for technical processing. Transportation is well tolerated. Stored in storage for about 2 months.
Below you will find out what other varieties of autumn apple trees can be planted on your site.
Apple tree variety “White Skrut” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “White Skrut” in the photo
White skrut (pink skrut, Skrut, Semi-skrut)
The trees of this variety of autumn apple trees for the Moscow region are vigorous, durable, with a wide-spreading, medium-dense or sparse crown. The variety is highly winter-hardy and productive.
They begin to bear fruit from the 6th-7th year. Flowering is mid-early. At the age of initial and increasing fruiting (7 - 20 years) they produce moderate yields, and at the age of greatest yield they produce high yields, almost like Anise and Malta crusa.
The fruits are of medium size (average weight 75-100 g), flat-round or round, smooth, with a weak depression for the stalk, sometimes without it. The skin is snow-white, shiny, covered with faint pink stripes, strokes or solid washes. The pulp is white, juicy, sweet and sour, slightly astringent, mediocre taste. Fruits are often affected by scab and fruit rot.
The fruits are harvested at the end of August - beginning of September.
Consumed fresh and for technical processing (produces good quality dough); also suitable for lobes. It lasts for about one and a half months. Not suitable for long-distance transportation.
Apple tree variety "Antonovka six hundred gram" in the photo
Antonovka six hundred gram
The trees are powerfully developed, with an oval-round, medium-dense crown, covered with large leaves.
The variety is winter-hardy, the yield is high. Flowering later. At the age of 24-30 years, it produces an average of 100-150 kg of fruit per tree, and 300-500 kg are harvested from individual mature trees. Fruiting from 7-8 years.
The photo shows that this autumn variety of apple trees for the Moscow region has very large fruits (average weight 250-300 g), onion-oval, ribbed, yellowish-white:
Autumn variety “Antonovka six hundred grams” in the photo 
The fruits are onion-oval, ribbed, yellowish-white (photo)
The pulp is juicy, white, fine-grained, tender. The taste is sweet and sour.
The fruits are harvested in mid-September. The fruits are consumed fresh and for technical processing. Not suitable for long-distance transportation. Stored in storage for about 2 months.
Apple tree variety "Bellefleur-Chinese" in the photo
Bellefleur-Chinese
The trees are vigorous, with an oval-rounded, medium-dense crown. Winter hardiness is average, yield is good. They begin to bear fruit from the 7th-8th year.
During the period of initial and increasing fruiting, the yield is moderate, and during the period of full fruiting it is high. Flowering - in the middle period.
As you can see in the photo, this autumn variety of apple trees for the middle zone has large fruits (average weight 150 - 200 g), round, slightly ribbed:
Autumn variety “Bellefleur-Chinese” in the photo 
The fruits are large, round, slightly ribbed in the photo
The skin is golden yellow, shiny, with bright red stripes. The pulp is white, juicy, fine-grained, tender, aromatic, with an excellent, slightly acidic and spicy taste.
The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. The fruits are stored until December. They tolerate transportation well. The best dessert variety.
Apple tree variety “Chinese Sanina” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Chinese Sanina” apple tree in the photo
Chinese Sanina (Ranetka Sanina)
Volga region variety of large-fruited Chinese plant. Distributed throughout the middle zone.
The trees grow strongly, forming a fairly dense oval-rounded crown. Winter hardiness and productivity are high. Drought resistant. They begin to bear fruit from the 5th to 8th year (later than other Chinese). During the period of initial and increasing fruiting it produces moderate yields, and during the period of full fruiting it produces high yields.
The fruits are larger than many Chinese varieties (average weight 25-30 g), have an elongated oval or ovoid shape. The skin is green-yellow, covered almost over the entire surface with a blurred red blush. The pulp is dense, hard, sweet and sour taste.
The fruits are eaten at the end of August. Can be stored for 2-2.5 months. They tolerate transportation well.
The fruits are used mainly for technical processing (confectionery, jam, juices, wine, etc.).
There are trees with a rounded, slightly spreading crown and a more pyramidal one. The former usually begin to bear fruit earlier and their yield is higher. When propagating a variety, cuttings must be taken from productive trees.
Look at the photos of apple tree varieties described above:
Apple tree variety “Bellefleur-Chinese” in the photo 
Apple tree variety “Chinese Sanina” in the photo
Apple tree variety “Volzhskaya China” in the photo 
Fruits of the “China Volga” apple tree in the photo
Chinese Volga No. 1 (Ranetka)
The most common variety in the middle zone is Kitayki, found in all gardens of the region.
The trees develop strongly, forming an oval-round, somewhat spreading crown. They are characterized by high winter hardiness and good annual yield. They begin to bear fruit at the age of 3-4.
The fruits are medium-sized (for Chinese), round or oval, with a yellow skin covered almost over the entire surface with a blurred blush, with a non-falling calyx. The pulp is dense, juicy, with a sour taste. They are going for technical processing. Cold processing produces the best seeds for rootstocks.
This variety of autumn apple trees for the middle zone is the best representative of the group of Volga Chinese trees, similar to it in morphological and biological characteristics.
Apple tree variety “Russian Rosemary” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Russian Rosemary” in the photo
Russian rosemary
The trees are highly developed, with a medium-dense oval-rounded crown. Winter hardiness is average. Productivity is good. Fruiting - from the 6th-7th year. Flowering - in the middle period. Flowers are frost resistant
The fruits are large (average weight 120 -150 g), round or oval-round, smooth, light yellow, with a slight blush on the sunny side. The pulp is juicy, medium-dense, granular, with a weak aroma. The fruits of this one of the best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region have a sweet and sour, slightly spicy taste.
The fruits are harvested in mid-September. They remain stored for 2-2.5 months. Transportation is handled well. The best dessert variety. Recommended for production testing.
Spartacus. The tree is vigorous with a wide pyramidal crown. Highly winter-hardy and productive: in the 3rd year of fruiting, 15 kg per tree was obtained. The fruits are large, reaching a weight of 200 g with an average weight of 110-120 g, round or flat-round in shape, blunt-ribbed. The color is yellowish, with a pink-red striped blush. The pulp is cream-colored, juicy, medium density, excellent sweet-sour taste, aromatic. The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. Late autumn variety. Zoned in all zones.
Apple tree variety "Zhigulevskoe" in the photo
Zhigulevskoe
The tree is vigorous, winter-hardy and more productive. The fruits are very large, average weight 150, the largest - 250 g, flat-round in shape.
Look at the photo - this is one of the best varieties of apple trees, the main color of the skin is bright golden-yellow, the outer skin is bright carmine-red, blurry striped, sharply outlined and stands out in relief from the main background:
The Zhigulevskoe apple tree is vigorous, winter-hardy and more productive (photo) 
The color of the skin is bright golden yellow in the photo.
The pulp is creamy yellow, juicy, medium density, excellent sweet and sour taste. Harvesting maturity occurs in late August - early September, with a consumption period of September - November. Recommended for testing in all zones.
Apple tree variety “Kutuzovets” in the photo 
Fruits of the Kutuzovets apple tree in the photo
Kutuzovets
Trees of medium vigor, with a rounded, medium-dense crown. Their winter hardiness is high. The variety is typically winter, productive, with a weakly expressed periodicity of fruiting. The main harvest is located mainly on ringlets. The yield of the mother tree in the second year of fruiting was 10 kg, and in the next 2-4 years - up to 20 kg.
Flowering occurs in the middle period and coincides with Gray Anise, Bergamot Renet and Borovinka. The flowers of this variety of apple trees for central Russia are relatively resistant to frost.
The fruits adhere firmly to the branches and are more resistant to scab and codling moths than Skryzhapel. They are also more resistant to putrefactive diseases both in the garden and during winter storage compared to other varieties. The fruits are of medium or above-average size, average weight 100-110 g, covered with a striped merging blush along the main yellow field, with numerous rather large subcutaneous dots, giving the fruits a kind of “marbling”.
The pulp is whitish, dense, juicy, fine-grained, sweet-sour, with a weakly expressed spice of excellent taste (higher than that of Skryzhapel). Removable fruit maturity is at the end of September. They ripen well in storage in November - December, acquiring by this time their characteristic qualities. They can be kept in storage until spring.
Apple tree variety “Volga saffron” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Volga saffron” in the photo
Volga saffron
Bred by S.P. Kedrin in 1935 by crossing Antonovka saffron with Pepin London. The tree is medium-sized. The winter hardiness of the variety is high, no lower than that of standard varieties - anise and Borovinka. Productivity is good, annual.
The fruits are medium-sized, with an average weight of about 100 g, and the largest one is about 130 g, flat-round, with noticeable ribbing and tubercles at the calyx, like those of calvilles. Their basic yellow color is blurred by a bright speckled-striped blush with prominent strokes, which gives them an attractive appearance. This is one of the best varieties of apple trees for central Russia with creamy-yellow, juicy, dense, not coarse pulp, sweet and sour, excellent taste.
The fruits are harvested in the first half of September. Keeping quality is longer than that of Antonovka and anise.
The best summer varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region and the middle zone
Apple tree variety “Grushovka Moskovskaya” in the photo 
Fruit of the apple tree “Grushovka Moskovskaya” in the photo
Moscow Grushovka (Skorospelka)
An ancient Russian variety, widespread everywhere.
The trees reach large sizes, form an elongated oval crown with strong and thick main branches of medium density, covered with long light green leaves. Frost resistance is high, productive and durable. The variety is early-bearing - begins to bear fruit from the 5th-6th year with a rapid increase in yield; at the age of full fruiting (20-50 years), harvests of 200-250 kg per tree per year are not uncommon. Flowering early.
The fruits are small, flat-conical, with thin shiny skin covered with pink-red stripes. The pulp of this one of the best summer varieties of apple trees for the middle zone is yellow-white, juicy, soft, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The fruits begin to ripen in early August. Their ripening is uneven.
Eat fruits in 2-3 doses to avoid shedding.
Not suitable for long-distance transport. Can be stored for 1-1.5 months. Consumption - fresh and for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Pouring White” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Pouring white” in the photo
Pouring white (Pudovshchina, Dolgostebelka)
The trees are of moderate height, forming a spherical, medium-dense crown with light green foliage. The variety is winter-hardy and productive, especially on strong soils. Severely affected by scab, especially in low places. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th-6th year. Flowering is mid-early.
The fruits of this summer variety of apple trees, recommended for the Moscow region, are of medium or below average size, round-conical in shape, light yellow. The pulp is white, fine-grained, sweet and sour taste. Ripen in the second half of August. The fruits last for about a month, but quickly deteriorate in taste. Transportation is not tolerated well. They are consumed fresh and can also be used for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Alabaster” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Alabaster” apple tree in the photo
Alabaster (Paper)
The spread is small. The trees are vigorous, with an oval-rounded crown, covered with light green leaves. Winter hardiness is average. It is more resistant to scab than Nalyva white. Productivity is good, almost annual. The variety is early fruiting, early summer. Bears fruit from 4-5 years. Blooms in mid-season.
The fruits are medium-sized (about 80 g), round-conical or oval, with wide ribs, on one of which there is a seam (the fold is the main distinguishing feature), light yellow, with a bloom and green subcutaneous dots. The pulp is white, juicy, with an excellent tartine-sweet taste.
The fruits are eaten in early August. Consumption - fresh. They last for about a month. This is one of those varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region that are recommended to be grown for quick consumption, since the fruits are not transportable. A good dessert variety.
Apple tree variety “Malt Bagaevsky” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Malt Bagaevsky” in the photo
Malt bagayevsky
The trees are vigorous, with a wide-spreading, medium-dense crown. Their winter hardiness is good, not lower than Scarlet Anise and other winter-hardy varieties. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 6-7 years. The yield is high: during the period of full fruiting it produces an average of about 80 kg per tree, and from individual trees - 150-200 kg or more.
The fruits are medium in size, but larger than Scarlet Anise, flat-rounded, with white skin covered with a bright crimson-red blush and a light bloom, very beautiful.
The pulp is juicy, tender, white, with a good sweet and sour taste. Fruit ripening is in mid-August. They tolerate transportation well. They last for about 40 days. Consumed fresh.
Below we describe what other varieties of apple trees are best to plant for the summer harvest.
Apple tree variety “Chinese golden early” in the photo 
Fruits of the “Chinese golden early” apple tree in the photo
Chinese golden early
Trees of medium development, with a pyramidal crown. They are characterized by high winter hardiness. The variety is early summer and early fruiting. You begin to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. Productivity increases quickly. At the time of full fruiting it produces average or good yields. This summer variety of apple trees blooms early in the middle zone. The fruits are small (average weight 30-40 g), round, golden yellow. Often poured. The taste is sweet and pleasant.
The fruits are eaten at the end of July - beginning of August. They last for 2-3 weeks. Consumed fresh and for technical processing.
Apple tree variety “Turnip Kopylova” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Turnip Kopylova” in the photo
Turnip Kopylova(Red turnip). Trees of moderate growth, with long main branches forming a broom-shaped crown, spreading out in old age (they need supports). Winter hardiness is average. It is quite resistant to scab. It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Productivity is average or good, almost annual. Flowering early.
The fruits are medium-sized, onion-shaped, with a thick dark purple continuous blush and a bluish coating, through which blurry white subcutaneous dots are visible. The pulp is greenish-white, juicy, with a mediocre sweet-sour (fresh) taste.
The fruits are harvested in mid-August. They last for about 20 days. Not transportable. Consumed fresh.
Apple tree variety "Arkad sugar" in the photo
Arkad sugar (smoky)
Slightly widespread. The trees are vigorous, form an oval-rounded crown with strong main branches.
Resistant to frost. Productivity is average. It begins to bear fruit from the 6th-7th year.
Look at the photo - this variety of apple trees for central Russia has fruits below average size, round-conical or round-cylindrical, yellow-green with an orange-reddish tan:
Fruits of the Arkad sugar apple tree in the photo 
Fruits are round-conical or round-cylindrical in the photo
The pulp is whitish, loose, juicy, with a sweet honey taste.
Eating fruits - at the end of July - beginning of August; but the fruits become suitable for consumption long before ripening. Can be stored for about 3 weeks. Not transportable. Fresh consumption.
Apple tree variety “Daughter of Papirovka” in the photo 
Fruits of the apple tree “Papirovka’s Daughter” in the photo
Daughter of Papirovka (Naliv Volzhsky)
The tree is medium-sized. Winter hardiness is no lower than that of local standard anise varieties and others. Productivity is good, annual. The mother tree produces about 15 kg of fruit in the 3rd year of fruiting.
The fruits are of medium size, the size of Alabaster, with an average weight of about 80 g, round or flat-round in shape, weak wide ribbing, sometimes with a “seam”, like that of Alabaster. The color of the skin is greenish-yellow, with a golden tan and noticeable large subcutaneous dots.
The pulp is creamy, tender, juicy, sweet and sour, excellent taste. Ripening in the first half of August. This is one of the best varieties of summer apple trees recommended for the Moscow region, resistant to scab.
Let's look at the best summer varieties in our opinion.
Summer varieties of apple trees
Ambassi
French variety, which is a variety of the Delbarestivali variety, but improved in terms of extending the shelf life of apples. When refrigerated, they are suitable for consumption for 3 months.
Large fruits weighing up to 200 g. They are yellow-red in color and ripen at the end of August. Like all varieties of Delbarestivali Ambassi apples are very tasty, aromatic with a slight sourness in taste. The flesh is crispy, dense, juicy.
The variety is early-bearing, produces high yields, but fruiting is periodic (every year), apple trees very winter hardy.
Williams Pride
Williams Pride is the result of American selection, obtained by crossing 8.
Dark red, slightly flattened apples ripen in early August.
The taste characteristics of apples are high:
- Tender, juicy, crispy flesh;
- Sweet with a wine flavor;
- Cream color.
The skin of the fruit is very thin. Weight of apples up to 160 g.
The variety is different:
- Early fruiting and the ability to produce up to 50 kg of apples at the age of 7;
- The ripening of fruits is extended over time, which makes it easier to process the crop;
- The variety is frost-resistant;
- Highly resistant to and.
Assembled the harvest lasts up to 1.5 months.
Williams Pride.
You can see more photos with the name and description of the Williams Pride variety in.
Delcorf (Delbarestival)
Delbarestival by taste characteristics considered one of the best varieties of apple trees, with fruits weighing up to 200 g. Fragrant apples with crispy, dense flesh and a sweet and sour taste begin to ripen in the second half of August.
The Delbarestival apple tree is early-fruiting and high-yielding.
The disadvantages of Delbarestivali are:
- Shedding of fruits, so it is undesirable to keep them on the branches;
- Periodicity in fruiting;
- Weak resistance to major fungal diseases;
- The variety requires watering and regular thinning.
Delcorf.
Grushovka Moscow
A time-tested apple tree (Grushovka is over 200 years old) and which gardeners prefer for its high frost resistance and, although small in size, very tasty fruits.
The apples are ripe in August.
Delicate yellow apples with a bright pink blush, weighing only up to 80 grams, very fragrant. Sweet and sour fruits have soft beige, juicy pulp, After two weeks of storage, apples become soft and tasteless.
Important! The only drawback of Grushovka is its short shelf life.
Main characteristics of Moscow Grushovka:
- High frost resistance, trees can easily withstand frosts above -30°C;
- Productive lifespan 50 years;
- Productivity reaches up to 180 kg from an adult tree;
- Early fruiting, starting from 3-4 years of age;
- Average resistance to fungal diseases.
Moscow Grushovka.
You can read more about the Moscow Grushovka apple tree.
Kate
Kate refers to late summer varieties, because apples begin to fill in mid-August. Crispy sweet and sour fruits weighing up to 150 g. have a dense creamy consistency. The fruits change from yellow-green to intense red with whitish dots appearing as they pour.
The variety needs pollinators, which for him are apple trees:
- White filling;
- Otava 222;
- James Grieve.
The advantages include:
- High frost resistance;
- The ability to produce the first fruits in the third year after planting;
- Productivity – up to 80 kg from a 10-year-old tree;
- Resistance to fungal diseases;
- Good transportability of apples;
- Long shelf life - refrigerated for up to 2 months.
Quinty
Canadian variety Quinti early ripening, apples begin to ripen at the end of July - beginning of August, but the shelf life is no more than 2 weeks. The color of the apples is yellow-green, the side is red. Fruit weight up to 150 g., the taste is sweet and sour, the flesh is aromatic, dense.
The advantages of the variety are:
- Drought resistance and good tolerance to summer heat;
- Resistance to powdery mildew;
- Entry into fruiting in the third year after planting;
- Regularity of fruiting;
- Productivity – up to 100 kg per mature tree.
Disadvantages include:
- Short shelf life;
- Average winter hardiness;
- Low resistance to .
For more information about the Quinti apple tree variety, see.
Close
American variety with a very early ripening period - late June, early July. Elegant green fruits with a red ruddy side weigh up to 150g. And white, juicy pulp with sourness and wine flavor. Apples are of high marketability and good transportability.
The variety has average resistance to fungal diseases and is moderately winter-hardy.
Trees begin to bear fruit at the age of 5.
Candy
A new variety of Russian selection of very sweet apples, which is reflected in the name of the variety.
Yellow apples with a bright red side weigh up to 120 grams. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, tender, aromatic and sweet. Apples ripen in early August and are stored for 10-15 days.
Trees begin to bear fruit in the 4th year after planting; by 10 years of age, the yield reaches 40-50 kg. Variety It has average winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases is also average.
Candy.
You will learn more information about the Candy variety.
Mantet
Variety Mantet refers to dessert large-fruited hybrids. The value of apples weighing up to 150 grams. lies in the taste. Fruits with very aromatic and juicy pulp ripen throughout August. The shelf life of collected fruits is no more than 20 days.
Apples do not ripen at the same time, so it is necessary to control the degree of ripeness and not overexpose the apples on the branches.
In the 4th year after planting the seedling, you can try the first harvest. The productivity of Mantet reaches 80 kg per adult tree, but decreases over the years. Fruiting is periodic.
Attention! The variety does not tolerate severe frosts well, but is resistant to fungal diseases.
Lungwort
The standard of honey-spicy taste is the Lungwort apple tree. Fruit ripening occurs in the second half of August. Apples can be stored in a cool place for up to 2 months and the taste of the fruit becomes better. Dense apples, weighing up to 150 g., have sweet, juicy, tender flesh. There is no acid in the taste of apples.
Advantages of the variety:
- The unsurpassed taste makes this variety simply a legend of Soviet breeders;
- Productivity up to 180 kg from a 10-year-old tree;
- If ripening is uneven, the fruits do not fall off and adhere well to the branches;
- Winter hardiness and scab resistance;
- Regular fruiting for decades;
- The self-pollinating nature of the variety allows yields to be obtained even under unfavorable conditions.
Lungwort.
For more information about the Medunitsa apple tree variety, see.
Melba
The Melba apple tree has been popular for over a hundred years. The fruits ripen at the end of August.
Candy flavor of snow-white sweet and sour pulp enclosed in apples weighing up to 150-200 g. The shelf life of apples lasts for 1-2 months.
For your information! If you remove fruits from the tree when they are not ripe, their shelf life increases.
Melba - apple tree with good winter hardiness, but low resistance to fungal diseases.
The early fruiting of the variety allows it to begin bearing fruit 4 years after planting. Productivity at 5 years of age is up to 50 kg per tree and increases over the years. Young trees are harvested annually With age comes periodicity in fruiting.
You will find out more information about the Melba variety.
Stark Erliest
Stark Erliest has medium sized fruits, weighing up to 120 g. and slightly flattened shape. Red fruits sweet and sour in taste and quite juicy. Apples are harvested in July and have a shelf life of a month.
Trees bear fruit periodically. Harvests begin to be harvested 4 years after planting. By the age of 10, the yield reaches 90 kg per tree.
Frost resistance of trees is average, resistance to scab and low. Resistance to powdery mildew and high.
Stark Erliest.
Celeste
The variety is an improved clone of Delbarestivali. It is inferior in taste to the main variety, but the shelf life of the fruit is increased to 3.5 months.
The ripening of apples begins in the second half of August and is extended over time; the harvest is carried out as the fruits ripen. Pale yellow apples with red stripes weigh up to 200g. juicy and sweet and sour to taste.
The variety is valued for its good presentation of fruits, high resistance to fungal diseases and high winter hardiness.
Earley Geneva
Earley Geneva - the fastest ripening variety of summer apples, which begins to bear fruit from the second year after planting. Apples are ready for harvest in the second half of July.
The appearance of a red blush on the yellow skin of apples serves as a signal to begin picking fragrant apples weighing up to 150g.
Advantages of the variety are not only early maturation, but also:
- Large annual harvests;
- Extended fruit ripening;
- High frost resistance;
- The variety is self-pollinating and can be a good pollinator for other apple trees in the garden.
Among the disadvantages are:
- Instability to the main fungal diseases - scab, powdery mildew, fire blight;
- Low transportability;
- The shelf life of the fruit is 2-3 weeks.
Earley Geneva.
You will learn more about the Airlie Geneva apple tree variety from.
Useful videos
Watch the video with a brief description of summer varieties of apple trees:
Watch a video describing some of the varieties mentioned in the article:
Watch a video describing the Airlie Geneva variety:
Watch a video describing Williams Pride apples:
Conclusion
We all taste the first fruits with great joy and pleasure, be it strawberries, currants or raspberries, but tasting the first apples is a special pleasure.
Before you even have time to bite into a piece of juicy fruit, you already inhale this magical, incomparable apple aroma.
To get stable apple harvests, you need not only to choose good varieties, but also know a few rules for caring for apple trees:
- Correct seedling placement, including location of the grafting site at soil level;
- Regular watering and mandatory seedlings, especially while the trees are still young;
- and regulating tree growth;
- If there is weak annual growth, it is necessary to carry out a procedure that stimulates the development of young shoots;
- In the first years after planting, it is necessary to regulate the number of ovaries and fruits in order to avoid overloading the seedlings with the harvest, thus eliminating the depletion of immature trees;
- For better pollination and apple setting, have pollinating varieties on the site, i.e. apple trees of the same ripening period;
- Timely harvest of tasty and healthy apples.
In contact with
The apple tree is perhaps the most common fruit tree in our gardens. It has been grown since time immemorial. And this is what almost all novice gardeners want to plant first on their plot. The varieties of apples today are amazing. There are really a lot of them: both ancient ones, known for a long time, and new ones, bred or brought to our country quite recently.
How to choose exactly the apple tree that will be rich in harvest, unpretentious, resistant to diseases and whose fruits will be to the taste of the gardener and his family members? Below we present varieties of apple trees for central Russia, photos, their features, advantages and disadvantages. This will help you make your choice.
So, the first thing worth saying is that trees are:
- summer - ripen early, around July. Their fruits are not long-lived; they need to be eaten or processed within 2-3 weeks.
- autumn - involve harvesting in early autumn. They are usually stored until mid-winter;
- winter or late - fully ripen at the end of autumn. They are the easiest to keep and can be stored literally until the beginning of summer.
It is interesting that winter and autumn types of apples ripen with further storage.
Summer varieties of apple trees photo with name and description, care
Summer fruits are varied. Among them you can find a variety of taste qualities and structural characteristics.
White filling
A widely known and very popular variety. You can enjoy this already at the beginning of July. The height of an adult tree is 3-5 m, the fruits are round, greenish in color, becoming almost white at the stage of full ripeness. The pulp is aromatic, somewhat loose and coarse-grained. Moderately sour. It is very important to harvest the crop without allowing it to become overripe, since in this case it loses its quality. Picked fruits spoil quite quickly, so you need to use them without delay. White filling is winter-hardy; the seedling begins to bear fruit in the 5th year.
Melba
An apple variety of Canadian origin, ripens in late summer. They are medium, often large in size, rounded and elongated. Their color is yellowish, half decorated with an elegant red blush with stripes. Melba pulp is snow-white. Incredibly good, sweet and sour, with a noticeable candy smell. It bears fruit at 4 years old. Relatively winter-hardy.
Mantet
Also came to us from Canada. Its fruits are round-oblong, brightly colored, speckled with red on a mostly greenish background. They are quite large, pleasant, practically free of acid, dense, juicy, slightly creamy in color. Mantet does not last long, only 2-3 weeks. It begins to bear fruit quite early, already in the 4th-5th autumn. It is resistant to major diseases, but does not tolerate very severe frosts.
Grushovka Moscow
An ancient, but often found in our time, variety. Ripens in August, it will have to be consumed and used within 2-4 weeks. The fruits are medium-sized, small, round, somewhat flattened. Their main color is pale green, covered with a pink blush of spots and stripes. The pulp of Grushovka is loose and tender, juicy, more sour and with a pleasant aroma. The tree is tall and begins to produce a plentiful, rich harvest quickly. The winter hardiness of Grushovka will not cause any worries even in the coldest year.
Candy
A variety of sweet apples, as its name eloquently suggests. In addition, it is beautiful, yellow, with a reddish and even brown blush. Round in shape, white inside, juicy and tender. They ripen by mid-August. Shelf life is limited to 2-3 weeks. They are poorly transported. Trees of the Candy variety will allow you to enjoy the fruits already at 4-5 years old, they are unpretentious in care, resistant to diseases, and winter-hardy.
Autumn varieties of apples photo with description, care
Autumn fruits are best suited for preservation.
Mac
Canadian variety, medium-sized fruit, yellow-green, with almost purple stripes on a red background. The center is white, often has characteristic reddish veins, and is pleasantly spicy. An excellent commercial variety. A vigorous and spreading tree. Harvesting begins in September; it can be eaten until mid-winter. Disadvantage: low frost resistance and susceptibility to disease.
Streifling
A variety of folk selection, originally from the Baltic countries. These are large, yellow-green fruits covered with orange-brownish stripes. Inside they are pale yellowish and juicy. Somewhat reminiscent of raspberries, just as sweet and sour. Can be collected from the beginning of autumn, stored in a cool place until approximately December. Streifling is winter-hardy, but bears fruit only from 8-9 autumn.
Glory to the winners
Hybrid of Mackintosh and White filling. Ripens in early autumn, keeping quality until mid-winter. Quite large, oblong, green in color, with a spectacular red blush. A characteristic feature of the variety is noticeable dots on the skin. The pulp of Glory to the Winners is creamy and smells amazing. They are transportable. The apple tree of this variety is vigorous and spreads over time. Under particularly favorable conditions, it can bear fruit literally in 2, but usually in 4-5 autumn. The variety is productive, resistant to frost, but the downside is that it does not tolerate drought well.
Cinnamon Striped
A well-known, even ancient, variety ripens mainly in September. Greenish-yellow in color, with a cover of clear stripes on a reddish background. Its flesh is yellowish, sometimes with red veins, tender, dessert-like, with clearly perceptible notes of cinnamon. Fruits of this variety are guaranteed to last until January. It begins to give birth from 8-9 autumn, its yield is moderate. The winter hardiness of Cinnamon Striped is perhaps the best among other varieties of apple trees growing in the middle zone.
Zhigulevskoe
The variety is widespread. The fruits are red-striped. In cross-section - cream-colored, delicate, coarse-grained. It is moderately sour. Ripens in late August - early September, lies well until December. The seedling will produce its first harvest in 5 years. Fruits abundantly, almost annually. It is resistant to tree diseases, but this apple tree is afraid of severe frosts.
Winter varieties of apple trees, photos with descriptions, care
Winter apples are distinguished by their strong structure, so they are well preserved.
Antonovka
An ancient, beloved winter apple variety. Its apples have a beautiful, yellowish-golden color and a unique, recognizable aroma. The inside of such an apple is snow-white, crispy, with a subtle sourness. The tree is strong, harmonious, with dense foliage. It begins to bear fruit only at 7 years of age. Even the youngest Antonovka seedlings are not afraid of frosts. In general, the variety is unpretentious and disease resistant.
Jonathan
The variety is popular and has many advantages. It was released in the USA. Its fruits are medium and large in size, colored yellow-green, covered with a dark red blush, sometimes “rusty” with a mesh. Their pulp is strong, crispy, creamy, juicy, dessert-like. The yield of Jonathan apple trees, starting from the 5th year, is very high, with good soil and appropriate care. They ripen in October and are successfully stored until April. Susceptibility to diseases and winter hardiness are average.
Pepin saffron
A variety of winter apples of domestic selection. It has round fruits, yellowish-green in color, with a magnificent red blush and a dense creamy center. Their taste is excellent, grape-sweet, interestingly spicy, with an unsurpassed aroma. They ripen in October and lie well until March and April without loss of quality. The tree bears fruit abundantly from 5-7 years, but requires regular pruning. In too cold winters it tends to freeze, but, however, it then recovers well.
Golden Delicious
Ready for harvest in September and keeps well until March. The fruits are medium and often large, round, slightly elongated-conical. When ripe, they have a yellow-golden skin color. Inside they are dense and incredibly juicy, creamy in color. After lying down, they become much more tender. The taste of Golden Delicious is sweet and pleasant. This variety is of American origin. Regular fruiting of this apple tree occurs from the age of 7. Its frost resistance is good, but it is difficult to tolerate drought.
Welsey
This winter apple variety was also bred in the USA. Its fruits are medium in size, round, strongly flattened, yellow-gold in color with a cover in the form of red stripes. The inside is white, sour, and has a subtle, pleasant aroma. The interesting thing is that their taste can change every year. Welsey apple trees ripen in early autumn and remain in a specially equipped storage facility until February. Seedlings begin to produce crops from 4-5 years. They are quite plentiful. Winter hardiness is normal, they resist diseases well.
Sinap Orlovsky
It ripens in September and is preserved well until May. The fruits are quite large, oblong, golden, with a delicate and subtle blush, and slightly sour. The trees bear fruit from 4-5 autumn, regularly, one might say almost annually.
Dwarf apple tree varieties, photo
Dwarf apple trees grow where the area allocated for the garden is small. A dwarf apple tree is obtained by grafting the required variety onto a special rootstock. The tree grows to a height of only 2-4 m, compact. You can expect fruits already in 3-4 years. Due to their short stature, collecting them is very convenient.
Result:
The presented varieties of apple trees with photos are very popular due to their qualities. When planting and planning a garden, you should make your choice in favor of several types. Summer, autumn and winter varieties of apple trees planted together for central Russia will provide you with the opportunity to enjoy these fruits almost all year round, from July to May. The above varieties of apples with descriptions and photos will help you plan the planting of a beautiful, productive garden.
Today there are many varieties of apple trees: they are summer, autumn and winter. In the first case, fruit ripening occurs around July. These apples should be eaten within 2-3 weeks. Autumn ones are harvested in early September. They are stored in most cases until January. The latter become completely ready for consumption by the beginning of winter. These are the most long-lived species, capable of retaining all their properties until the beginning of summer.
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Summer varieties
These varieties ripen in mid-August. Their main feature is a friendly harvest. This property allows you to almost immediately collect all the apples and eat them or send them for processing. But at the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor the fruits on the trees to prevent falling. It is the summer varieties that are prone to rapid yield loss. If you miss the moment, you will have to select the most suitable fruits from the surface of the earth.
At the same time, it is the early ripening types of fruits that contain the maximum vitamins. It is believed that due to their small size, summer apples ripen earlier. But there are varieties with large fruits.
Melba
Some fruits reach 200 g in weight. The color is yellow with a slight pink tint. The consistency is fine-grained, the flesh is juicy and white. Despite the fact that the variety is included in the summer category, the fruits are well preserved for up to 2 months. This type of apple tree is ideal for making cider. "Welsie" is recognized as the best pollinator for it.
Recently, according to reviews from gardeners, Melba has changed somewhat. After the first fruiting, which is usually abundant, the apple tree begins to freeze. This is explained by the large expenditure of tree energy on the development of fruits on the branches. For this reason, it does not have time to prepare for wintering. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide optimal care for the crop after the first full fruiting. This period occurs in the 5th year of the apple tree’s life. In the next season, the risk of freezing is eliminated.
Candy
Sweet and sour variety. Externally, the fruits are light yellow in color with a reddish streaked blush. The weight of apples reaches 120 g.
Candy
The harvest can hardly be called a friendly one, since you can collect fresh fruit directly from the tree for a long time. According to the ripening period, this variety is a summer variety; the fruits remain on the tree and do not fall off.
Lungwort
Ideal for preservation and subsequent processing. The fruits, weighing from 100 to 150 g, are medium-sized. The pulp is aromatic and juicy. Apples, when fully ripe, take on a yellow tint with a vague red blush. The taste is sweet, honey.
The fruits are suitable for consumption even when unripe. The variety is characterized by resistance to scab and is considered one of the most unpretentious.
Summer striped
The variety ripens in July. The tree has a pyramidal crown shape, making it particularly decorative. Sometimes problems may arise with harvesting and storage. The fruits are falling off a lot.
They can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 3 weeks. The weight of the fruit does not exceed 150 g. The pulp is juicy, loose, and the skin is thin. The taste of apples is sweet and sour with a strong aroma. The fruits are green, but covered with a crimson blush. Fruiting in trees begins in the 4th year of life.
Ligol
Depending on compliance with care recommendations, this variety produces fruits weighing up to 350 g. The main color is yellow, slightly diluted with a red blush. The consistency of the pulp is juicy, grainy, crispy. The presentation of the apples is excellent. The peel is glossy. The variety demonstrates good transportability indicators.
The fruits can be preserved for 6 months if the right conditions are provided. This is not possible with other summer varieties. The fruit is resistant to scab and a number of other diseases, but is susceptible to bark diseases. The best pollinators for this variety: “Champion”, “Lobo”, “Idared”.
Chinese
The fruits are quite small, no more than 40 g. The tree itself bears fruit annually, giving a good harvest. Apples are formed quite early, already in the 3rd year of the culture’s life. They are consumed both fresh and canned.
The fruits tend to crumble a lot. They have a relatively short shelf life, and for this reason harvesting must be done quickly. There are several subspecies that differ in color and size.
Grushovka Moscow
One of the most famous and sought after species. The fruits can be light green or lemon-colored and have a flattened shape. Gradually become covered with pink or red stripes. The pulp is juicy and loose, has a warm aroma. The variety is fast-growing, but does not like heat. For this reason, it can drop fruits.
Autumn
Fruits from autumn-ripening crops can be harvested from late summer to early September. If at least a few large, healthy fruits are found on the ground, you can begin picking apples.
Autumn varieties are rarely distinguished by their harvest yield, so fruit harvesting takes place in 2-3 approaches.
Apples of autumn varieties last longer than summer ones. The time frame in this case is on average 3 months. If storage is carried out incorrectly, the pulp becomes loose and loses its juiciness. Autumn varieties are suitable for use in fresh and processed form.
Symphony
Symphony is a late ripening variety. It resists scab well. The fruits often reach 170 g, with good care - up to 200 g. Apples have a sour-sweet taste.
Gold autumn
Harvesting maturity for this species occurs at the end of August. The so-called Golden Autumn consumer period lasts until mid-October.
The fruits are large or larger than average. They are round and have a ribbed surface. The pulp is tender, creamy, loose. It has a sweet and sour taste. It largely depends on the weather prevailing throughout the year.
Spartan
The fruits are yellow in color with a dark burgundy blush. The peel is covered with a waxy coating and is quite dense. The pulp is juicy and has a pleasant aroma. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness. Productivity is high and increases with the life of the plant. Winter hardiness is average, so you need to resort to various techniques for protection in the cold months.
In addition to good commercial qualities, the fruits are resistant to various diseases.
Oryol striped
The weight of the fruit ranges from 120 to 150 g. The color is golden, with a crimson blush. Apples are sweet and sour and contain a large amount of vitamins and microelements.
Fruiting begins already in the 4th year of the tree’s life. The harvest is bountiful. The culture is resistant to scab. The peel is quite thin.
Champion
It has fairly large fruits - from 160 to 180 g. Ripening occurs evenly. The yellow-green apple is covered in a fuzzy orange blush. The peel is very thin. In this regard, the transportability of the fruits is low.
They ripen quickly. Productivity is high. Resistance to cold temperatures is average.
Autumn striped
The fruits of this variety weigh up to 200 g. The color is yellow-red, the flesh is loose with a bright dessert taste.
The frequency of fruiting is clear - once every 2 years. The tree has a high yield. But for the first time it begins to bear fruit 7 years after planting.
Zhigulevskoe
The weight of the fruit varies from 120 to 200 g. Individual specimens can reach 250 g. The fruits are sweet and sour, but not very juicy.
Young apple trees produce a good harvest every year. The attitude of gardeners towards this variety is neutral, since it does not have any particularly remarkable qualities.
Grushevka
The fruits are characterized by medium size. Their weight ranges from 80 to 120 g. Apples have a waxy coating and thin skin.
They are distinguished by their light green color with reddish stripes. The pulp is juicy and aromatic. The peel is thin. The variety is considered one of the most winter-hardy.
Glory to the winners
This is an autumn ripening apple tree if we are talking about cold climates. In the southern regions, fruiting begins earlier. In any case, there remains a tendency to quickly lose the crop. The weight of the fruit is 150 g.
Their color is green with a blurred blush. The taste of apples is sweet. The pulp is aromatic and very juicy, has a cream color. The tree is vigorous.
Bogatyr
The tree is tall and tall, reaching up to 5 m in height. Has spreading branches. The weight of the fruit ranges from 120 to 150 g. There are individual specimens reaching 200 g. It is considered a fast-bearing species and produces a harvest already at the age of five.
The apples are yellowish-green with a slight pink blush. The variety is resistant to scab and cold temperatures and produces a bountiful harvest. The fruits do not have outstanding taste characteristics and are not very juicy.
Winter views
Designed for storage in winter. They do not have time to ripen during the summer season. If you taste this apple during assembly, it will seem sour and astringent. This is explained by the fact that late-ripening fruits will be ready for consumption after storage.
Winter apples begin to ripen in boxes during storage. If a gardener chooses this variety, he will be able to supply juicy sweet fruits for the New Year. After final ripening, such a fruit becomes a varietal fruit, with its characteristic taste and aroma of pulp.
The undoubted advantage of growing winter apples is the ability to eat them fresh during the cold season. But for this it is necessary to provide sufficient space for placing the boxes and create normal storage conditions. It is necessary that the temperature in the cellar be +6 C. Apples must be sorted out from time to time and damaged fruits must be thrown away. Different varieties should be placed in separate containers.
The ripening time of winter apple trees may vary. They usually occur at the end of September and beginning of October.
Lobo
The fruits can be large or medium, depending on care. They are distinguished by a yellowish tint with a slight bright red blush. They have a short stalk, so sometimes it seems as if the fruits are stuck to the branches. The advantage is the sweet and sour taste and very juicy consistency.
Externally, apples are also very attractive. The culture withstands drought. But it also has disadvantages - average resistance to cold and a very short shelf life.
Baltika
Winter-hardy variety. The fruits are high quality. They resist scab and fungal diseases well. Harvesting maturity occurs relatively late.
The apples are round, large, covered with yellow, aromatic skin. The weight of the fruit reaches 120 g. The pulp is crispy, dense, white. Baltika apples have a pleasant sour taste.
Florina
The weight of the fruit is from 100 to 150 g. The pulp is juicy and aromatic. The color is light yellow with a striped red blush.
The culture is characterized by an average degree of winter hardiness. The fruits have a good sweet-sour taste. Apple trees are resistant to various diseases, including scab.
Currency
Columnar variety that requires special care. The fruits are golden in color with a reddish blush. It has a sweet and sour taste.
The pulp is white, juicy. Shelf life is 3 months. Apples can weigh up to 200 g if all agrotechnical care rules are followed.
Simirenko
The apples are bright green. The weight of the fruit is from 150 to 200 g. The pulp is dense and crispy. The taste is sweet and sour.
The fruits are well transportable and can last until summer.
Sinap
On a vigorous tree, fruits weighing up to 120 g develop. Winter hardiness is good, as is early ripening. Apples have a yellow tint with a brown blush.
The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. The pulp is white, juicy. Apples store well and can be kept at home until next year. They can be consumed both fresh and processed.
Welsey
The weight of the fruit reaches 160 g. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, and has a pleasant aroma. The best pollinator is "Melba".
The fruits are well preserved. They can last until the end of February and are intended for fresh consumption. To do this, they need to be fully ripe.
Golden Delicious
The tree grows to only 3 m in height, making harvesting much easier. It begins to bear fruit early - in the 3rd year of life. As the fruits ripen, they change color from bright green to deep yellow.
The fruits are large and reach 200 g. But this is observed only in the southern regions, and in the middle zone one has to be content with medium-sized apples. Their taste is sweet, but the sourness is clearly felt. The best pollinators for this crop are “Simirenko” and “Idared”. Low winter hardiness and susceptibility to many diseases are considered the key disadvantages of this variety of apple trees.
Orlik
The tree is compact in size, and its fruits ripen quickly. The fruits have a sweet and sour taste.
The pulp is aromatic and juicy, with a lot of vitamins. The disadvantages include the wood falling off. Also, fruiting is periodic, which is also a disadvantage.
Antonovka
The variety is one of the most famous. The weight of the fruits varies from 100 to 140 g. Their color is golden yellow. The pulp is white, juicy.
The harvest can last until February. “White filling” is considered the best pollinator. The winter hardiness of the tree is quite high.
Idared
The weight of the fruit reaches 190 g. They are covered with a natural waxy coating. The taste of apples is sweet and sour. They have a faint aroma.
They can be stored for up to 6 months, and if placed in the refrigerator, they will last until summer. They are characterized by resistance to a number of diseases. But they are not distinguished by high winter hardiness.
The sweetest
You can make juice and puree from them for baby food, as well as eat them fresh. List of the sweetest varieties with a description of their properties.
Fuji
Fuji apples are round, crimson in color, with yellowish dots. The skin is matte and smooth. On average, the fruit reaches a weight of 200 g. The pulp is crispy, with a delicate taste and original aroma.
As for the tree, you can optionally form a rounded crown or give it any other shape. The variety is winter hardy. Apples can be used raw. Jams and juice, marmalade and marmalade are made from them.
Korobovka
Resists well against adverse external conditions and diseases. Feels great even at low temperatures. But you have to wait quite a long time for the first harvest - about 7 years, and sometimes more. The fruits are also quite small, weighing from 40 to 50 g.
The variety is early ripening, apples ripen already in July. They are colored yellow-green with red veins. The fruits are covered with thick skin. They stick well on the branches, but are stored for no more than a month.
Nectar
Has a delicate honey aroma. Apples contain up to 13% sugar. The pulp is juicy and tasty. The fruits are conical, yellowish or red in color, weighing from 40 to 45 g.
Fruit ripening occurs in August. The variety is not intended for long-term storage. It tolerates both drought and low temperatures well.
Arcade
There are yellow and white varieties of the variety. The fruits are elongated and small.
How to determine the variety?
Gardeners often bring apples or pears to agronomists and ask them to identify their variety. And when you say that not a single self-respecting, competent agronomist would undertake to name an unknown variety based on the appearance of one- two fruits, some visitors express doubts about our agronomic knowledge.
Well, let's figure out why it is impossible even for a specialist to determine the variety of apple or pear tree by their fruits.
According to modern concepts of pomology (description of the characteristics and properties of a variety), the variety- this is a group of individuals identical in genetic properties and morphological characteristics, which in its origin is a clone. Complete identity of plants of a variety in appearance and behavior is observed only under identical growing conditions.
The fruit has the most pronounced pomological characteristics and properties. It would seem that look at an apple and name the variety. But this is impossible, because it is the fruits that are most strongly influenced by the age and condition of the tree, its load with the harvest, the intensity of growth, weather conditions, the position of the fruit in the tree crown and much more. From his own experience, any gardener knows that even on the same tree, fruits come in different types and sizes: on the sunny side- brighter, inside the crown, in the shade- smaller and greener.
To reliably determine a variety, it is necessary to have a complex of pomological characteristics. I will list these parameters.
Maturing period. Varieties are divided into summer, autumn and winter ripening. The keeping quality of the fruit depends on this- from one week to ten months.
Coloring of fruits. Main- this is the color of the fruit, the cover- in the form of a solid or striped blush.
Fruit shape An apple, for example, can be round, oval, flattened, conical, with or without ribs. Pears have round, pear-shaped and oval shapes.
Fruit size depends on the age of the tree, crop load, so it is important to do formative and sanitary pruning of branches. According to the classification, fruits, including depending on the variety, are very small up to 25 g in weight, medium- 75-100 g, large- 125-175 g and very large- more than 175 g. The largest fruits are formed from the ovaries of the central flowers of the inflorescences.
Skin surface It can be smooth, rough, shiny, matte.
Pedicels vary in thickness and length. They are long, short, thick, medium thick, thin.
Funnel - depression at the stem- It can be deepened or in the form of an influx, when it is practically invisible. When cutting an apple longitudinally, it is the funnel (closed, half-open, open) that can become the decisive factor in determining the variety.
Cup - the opposite side of the apple from the funnel- is a very important characteristic of the variety. A cut near the calyx in the upper part of the fruit shows the shape, width and extent of the subcalyx cavity (tube), the outline of the heart, the seed socket, its location, size, shape, shape of the seed chambers and seeds.
Seeds - This is also one of the characteristics of the variety, depending on the variety they are: large, small, medium, dark, light, flat, long.
Fruit pulp color - is also a very important feature of the variety. It can be snow-white, white, with a green, yellow or cream tint, with the presence of colored areas.
Taste of fruit pulp most optimally expressed in consumer maturity. It is difficult to describe it, but a rough assessment distinguishes between sweet-sour or sour-sweet (the second word determines the predominant taste, the first- shade). The taste can be sweet, tart, sour, freshish. When assessing taste, aroma is important. It is characteristic of ripe fruits. For example, the fruits of Anise and Antonovka have a pleasant smell.
Pulp consistency. There are dense, loose, tender, rough. Varieties are also distinguished by the juiciness of their pulp.- from very juicy to dry.
Fruits typical for the variety are located on the periphery of the crown, in conditions of good sunlight. To determine, it is necessary to select not the average, but the most developed fruits, occupying a central position on the fruit bag. The most typical fruits for the variety are those with a frequently repeating shape. Up to ten such fruits are required for testing.
In addition, the variety is determined by the characteristics of the tree. Accurate identification of a tree is possible if it is healthy, free of pests, not overloaded with crops, and has sufficiently good growth.
Tree size depends on many factors and can be large, medium, small.
Habit(morphology, external manifestation) of growth and fruiting.
Crown shape: broom-shaped (highly oval), pyramidal (cone-shaped), spherical, wide-round, wide-spreading, wide-cauldron. Any crown can become weeping if the tree's branches bend down and the ends of the branches droop.
Height. Depending on the varietal characteristics, trees can be slow-, medium-, or fast-growing.
Crown density There are medium-thickened, thick and sparse.
The angles of departure of the main branches, depending on the variety, can be acute, medium or close to a right angle.
Branches differentiated as thick, medium and thin.
Bark color: grayish-green, gray, dark gray, light brown, yellow-brown, red-brown, etc.
To determine the variety, shoot characteristics are also important.- stem and leaf shape, and there are a lot of variations here. Especially in the position of the leaf blades on a vertical shoot: raised upward, located at right angles to the shoot, drooping leaves, etc.
I have only briefly listed the characteristics by which agronomic science determines a variety. And not by eye, but according to special reference guides (tables). Draw your own conclusion: is it possible to name its variety based on one apple?
And yet, there are a number of characteristic features that will help gardeners navigate the sea of modern varieties. For example, at Anisa apples are brightly colored, flattened in shape, and have white flesh. Antonovka it is easy to recognize by the pronounced apple smell and rustiness near the stalk, diverging in the form of rays. All varieties bred on the basis of Antonovka have this characteristic feature: Magnitogorskoe winter, Yuzhnouralskoe, White filling, Papirovka, Daughter of Papirovka.
Experienced gardeners can easily identify apples by appearance Melba , which has an incomparable aroma and snow-white flesh. Easily recognizable by appearance and taste Ural liquid , Sverdlovsk Amber, Welsey and many other varieties that have been growing in the Urals for decades. But with new varieties it is much more difficult, since even specialists have practically no modern pomological literature. But seedlings are brought from everywhere. In addition to the varieties of the South Ural Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable and Potato Growing, varieties of fruit and berry crops bred from Sverdlovsk and Altai, from the western and eastern regions of the country, have become widespread in our gardens. Perhaps over time they will be as easily recognizable as Antonovka apples or Severyanka pears. In the meantime, all that remains is to improve the culture of gardening: preserve the labels of new seedlings, replacing them in the garden with indelible tags, keep notes on your site in special journals or notebooks, accumulating experience and knowledge about varieties.
Lyudmila Pashnina , agronomist of the RO "Union of Gardeners of Russia"