Before plastering the walls, it is necessary to first plumb their surfaces and install beacons. This is the only way you can make the surface level horizontally and vertically.
In this article we will talk about how to properly plaster walls.
Preparatory stage
Tools
For quality work, choose good tools from well-known manufacturers.
You will need:
In the photo there is a tool for plastering work
- Plaster spatula. With its help, you can sketch and level the solution, as well as pour materials in accordance with the proportions. For example, take into account.
- 1L ladle for throwing plaster and precise dosage of materials.
- Construction mixer or drill with a similar attachment.
Here is the first tip on how to properly plaster and putty.
Never stir ready-made dry mixtures for plaster or putty by hand. This way you will end up with compounds with a lot of lumps, which will make your work very difficult.
- Large trowel for preliminary leveling of the surface.
- A small trowel for final grouting of plaster.
- Sokol (special shield for small portions of solution, price - from 870 rubles).
- Plumb and level.
- Roulette.
- Hammer.
- A hammer drill, if you need to knock down large protrusions on the wall.
- Guide rails for beacons.
- Containers for solution.
- Aluminum rule for leveling the solution. Rules are issued different lengths. The choice of tool depends on the size of the wall, so you should have several of them.
What should be the solution, the structure of the plaster
Plastering walls with a lime-based mixture.
In the question of what is the best way to plaster walls, the answer depends on the location and material of the walls, as well as the type of room.
Main works
Primer leveling
After all the beacons have been placed, you can begin plastering the walls for tiles, painting or wallpaper.
Very often, during the work process, the solution ends up on beacons. Remember that it must be removed constantly. Otherwise, the accuracy of plastering will be impaired. The solution can be removed quite easily from wooden or metal guides. But on mortar/gypsum beacons, it gives off moisture and quickly hardens. When trying to scrape it off, the beacons are inevitably damaged, which means the accuracy of the work performed suffers.
How to learn to plaster to prevent this from happening?
The solution to the problem will be a method of moving the rule along the mortar beacons, which is called “on a gloss”. Raise the edge of the rule that moves first slightly, and smooth the solution itself or remove it with the second edge.
You can also press the rule more tightly to the beacons and move it with pressure, but not much. When working in this way, the solution will be easily removed from the beacons.
Do not move the rule by lowering the front of the ribs and thereby working, as the plasterers say, “to tear off.” This will remove not only excess solution, but also the top of the beacons themselves.
In principle, the rules for plastering walls say nothing about where to start. But most often the process starts from the bottom.
The “spray” is applied first. In this case, sometimes clumps are obtained whose thickness exceeds the plane of the beacons. Level them using a rule, a grater or a spatula.
This is especially important to do with a thin layer of plastering. Next, it’s time to apply the plaster primer. Do this in several layers. Each of them must be well leveled. The smoother the primer ends up being, the less coating you will have to apply to it.
After this part of the work is completed, remove the wooden/metal beacons. Cover the remaining empty spaces with mortar, level and rub.
Check the resulting surface using the rule, placing it in all directions. If you find inaccuracies and defects, eliminate them by applying the solution or, conversely, cutting it off.
Finally, the final covering layer of mortar is applied.
And one last piece of advice on how to plaster correctly.
Attention! After applying the primer, the gypsum beacons must be cut out completely, otherwise the plaster at the joints of the gypsum and mortar will burst. Lighthouses from cement-sand mixture You can cut it in half. Fill the voids with the solution, then apply a cover. The last stage of work is grouting the plaster; this is done with a wooden or aluminum float with foam plastic glued to it.
Bottom line
We hope our material was useful to you, but all we can do is offer you a useful video in our article and wish you good luck.
Photo gallery
Plastering walls is the most important stage any repairs. The quality of this work directly depends on two main factors: the quality of materials and the technology for performing the work. Moreover, these two points are closely related. Without the right technology The quality of the material will not save you from defects, and vice versa.
The main thing in plastering walls is calculating the required volume of plaster and selecting the optimal solution.
But today, most people prefer to use the services of experienced specialists if the need for plastering arises. Moreover, this does not always mean that people do not want to work independently. Often they are simply afraid of making mistakes, since they do not know how to plaster. How can you quickly learn to do such work efficiently?
The process of plastering walls consists of several stages, the order of which must be observed first of all. Therefore, in order to learn how to plaster walls correctly, it is important to follow these steps, and also listen to useful recommendations. Let's consider all these the most important points one by one.
Materials and tools for work
Before starting the work itself, you need to stock up on everything in advance the necessary materials and tools. Not only the success of the work, but also the speed of its completion will depend on this. So, for plastering you will definitely need:
- building level and plumb line;
- Master OK;
- a small ladle for collecting mortar for throwing;
- construction mixer or special drill for mixing the solution;
- hammer;
- a construction hair dryer or hammer drill with an attachment for removing old plaster coating;
- guide rails;
- roulette;
- wooden grater for grouting;
- container with clean water;
- polisher and rule for leveling the solution;
- primer for walls;
- primer brush;
- hard brush;
- spatula and chisel for removing old coating;
- fiberglass mesh;
- soft dry cloth.
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Removing old coating
First of all, it is necessary to properly prepare the surface of the walls. If you do everything according to the rules, it can take quite a long time, up to a week. But it is necessary to focus on the fact that preparatory work should be completed approximately 3-4 days before the start of applying the main plaster.
First, you need to thoroughly free the walls from old coatings. First of all, the old layers of plaster are removed, which no longer adhere well to the wall. This can be done using a spatula or chisel. But if the process goes poorly, then it is advisable to use construction hairdryer or a hammer drill. You shouldn’t feel sorry for the old coating, as it won’t stick properly anyway.
After this, you need to clean the wall with a stiff brush, and then check the surface for cracks and grooves. All large gouges and cracks should be filled with base mortar. In this case, before sealing, it is advisable to coat the surface with a primer so that the adhesion force is better.
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Correction of wall defects
When applying basic plaster, keep in mind that in the case of a brick wall, it is important to not completely seal the cracks between the bricks, but to leave small indentations. This will greatly increase adhesion to the base plaster. The same goes for slabs.
Next you need to check the wall for greasy stains. Ideally this is done by transillumination using ultraviolet lamp. But if you don’t have this opportunity, then it makes sense to treat the entire wall with a special degreasing compound. This must be done so that during subsequent plastering the fat does not become an obstacle to high-quality adhesion of the solution. This is especially true for walls where decorative plaster is planned.
Next you need to strengthen the weakest and most vulnerable places of the wall. To do this you will need a special fiberglass mesh. It is placed on a thin layer of mortar at the joints of slabs, wall connections with chimneys, in openings, etc. Please note that this material will not in any way affect the level of the wall. In this case, there is no need to use such a mesh over the entire surface.
Now you need to wait until it all dries, and then cover the surface of the entire wall with a primer. You don't have to skimp on the primer. The more it is, the better the wall will be protected from fungus and the better the adhesion of the future plaster mixture to the surface. After the primer has dried, you can begin to apply the plaster.
So, the foundation is prepared. Now it’s time to choose the optimal composition of the plaster and the method of its application.
Today, the most common are gypsum and cement-sand mixture.
Both types are good, but there are cases when it is more advisable to use only one of them.
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Rules for applying cement-sand mixture
Cement-sand plaster. Working with such a mixture is based on three layers: spray, primer and covering. This mixture is ideal for insufficient flat wall provided that you have enough time left to wait for the plaster to dry completely.
After mixing the thick mortar, you need to plaster the wall by spraying. To do this, the solution is simply thrown in small quantities in the form of cakes onto the wall, while special attention should be paid to the deepest places on the wall. You should not be afraid of careless work, since all this will be corrected in the future without any problems.
Next is the soil. Here, based on the thickness of the spray, simply scoop up the solution with a trowel and apply it to the wall. In this case, its optimal alignment is immediately carried out. Please note that before applying the primer you need to wait until the spray dries (about 1-2 days will be enough). Try to apply the primer as densely as possible, while pressing the solution against the wall with a trowel.
Next, all you have to do is cover it. This is a kind of grouting of the wall, which is the final stage when working with cement-sand mortar. Usually, during covering, the surface of the soil is first rubbed, and then a thin layer of gypsum is applied on top. Gypsum serves as a covering, which ensures adhesion strength.
During work, use water for better adhesion and a plumb level to correct imperfections in time. After this, you need to let the plaster dry, which may take 15-20 days. And only then can you start installing a decorative coating.
Hello dear friends. Why buy the services of a professional plasterer if their cost is twice or even three times more expensive? Supplies? You can do the repairs yourself, even if you are new to this area.
Quick plastering of walls is much easier than it seems - you just have to start. Plastering walls takes about 2-3 days (per 14 m2). The leveling time also depends on the thickness of the applied layer, the experience of the technician and the area of the room. Here you will get a clear step by step instructions With practical advice and recommendations for each stage.
Application methods decorative plaster a lot of
Before starting work, select an application method that corresponds to further plans. For now existing methods Wall plasters are divided into two categories:
1. Dry - sheathing with plasterboard;
“Dry plaster” is used if there are no future plans for covering the walls with heavy materials (stone, porcelain stoneware, tiles). The cost is two times cheaper than wet.
2. Wet plaster- for leveling it is necessary to apply mixtures based on cement or gypsum.
The dry plastering method is conditional - in practice, walls are covered with plasterboard, so let’s look at the classic second method and how it’s done.
Required tools and materials
- Bags of plaster.
- Beacons 6 mm.
- Impact drill or hammer drill.
- Hammer.
- Grinder or metal scissors.
- Crosshead screwdriver.
- Plastic dowels.
- An adapter with SDS+ to ½, and for a hammer drill there is also a quick-release drill chuck for mixing the solution without an attachment.
- Drill bits for hammer drills (6 mm are most often used).
- Self-tapping screws for wood (rare pitch, black).
Dowels, drills, and screws are selected depending on how the surface needs to be plastered - they should not be short
- Level 2 m.
- Plumb.
- Aluminum rule (2.5 m for placing beacons/checking, 2 m for applying plaster).
- Putty knife.
- Steel smoother.
- Mixer attachment.
- Wide brush/roller and tray.
- Bucket.
- Roulette.
- Primer.
- Cotton gloves.
Preparing the premises
Now that necessary tools In stock, your own premises are being prepared. If it was residential, you need to take things out, the furniture is placed in the center of the room and covered with film. The floor is also covered with a layer of sawdust or film. To prevent water from accidentally getting on the wires, they are insulated.
During the cleaning process, the old coating is removed down to the base. The whitewash can be spread with paste and, after drying, removed with a spatula. The wallpaper is wetted and removed with a metal brush or scraper. Detected cracks are sealed repair mixture. “Serpyanka” or “serpyanka” tape is attached to the cracks.
The walls are tapped with a hammer to check for the presence hidden defects. A dull sound indicates poor adhesion quality of old plaster. It is beaten off, the voids are filled by hammering nails or reinforcement mesh. If there is fungus, the wall is treated with a special antifungal agent, then a primer is applied.
The process of applying plaster to brick, stone or concrete wall Using a chisel or an old ax, a 1 cm deep beating is made by making notches. A wooden wall needs to be pre-upholstered, painted and dried. metal mesh. You can use upholstery with shingles in the form of a mesh, which is secured with nails driven halfway and then bent.
Surface primer
Before you start plastering the walls, you need to prime them. This is necessary to increase adhesion, or in other words, the adhesion of the wall surface to the mortar. As you understand, we will use a primer for this.
She is ordinary and deep penetration. Deep penetration soil is used in cases where the wall has a well-absorbed base. This could be, for example, a wall made of aerated concrete or sand-lime brick.
Don’t forget to mix the primer thoroughly before starting work, and treat highly absorbent surfaces twice.
Walls whose surfaces are poorly absorbent and smooth are usually primed with a mixture such as Betonkontakt. A direct example of such a wall is a wall made of concrete.
Before starting priming work, the surface of the wall must be cleaned of old plaster, if any, of saw blades, stains, and, in short, of any dirt. The walls must be clean before priming. Plastering walls with your own hands can be done only after the soil on the surface has completely dried.
Wet plastering technology
Technology includes next steps wall plaster:
- Spray is the initial layer necessary for adhesion of the finish and surface. The solution for application should have a thick consistency. The applied layer will be 9 mm thick for a wooden surface and 5 mm for brick walls.
- Primer - after the spray has hardened, a layer of a thicker consistency is applied, the surface is leveled and rubbed.
- Covering - after the soil has dried, it is moistened and applied finishing layer from a solution with sifted sand.
If this technology is violated, after 6-8 months the plaster will begin to peel off and crack.
Basic techniques for preparing plaster mixture
The most popular hand-prepared solutions are:
- cement: 1/3 cement/sand;
- limestone: 3/1 sand/lime;
- cement-lime: 1/5/1 cement/sand/lime;
- gypsum-lime: 1/3 alabaster/lime paste.
Stages of preparing the mixture for plaster
Carrying out plastering work with your own hands, you must remember that the prepared solution must be used within 30-60 minutes, otherwise it will disappear. Cooking proportions ready mixture taken from the manufacturer's packaging. First, water is poured into the container, then up to 1 kg of plaster mixture is added, everything is mixed. Then the entire mass of the mixture is added and mixed with a mixer until the lumps disappear. After 5 minutes, mix again. The consistency is brought to the desired level of thickness immediately, because during finishing works It is strictly prohibited to add the plaster mixture or water.
Using cement mortar
If you prepare the solution yourself, you must remember that if you put more cement than necessary, the plaster will harden faster and you may not have time to level it. The solution is applied with a spatula or trowel, leveled with a rule or a trowel, and smoothed with a grater. For beginners, a spatula and grater will do just fine. Throwing the plaster mixture onto the wall is done with a staple to create ideal adhesion of the mortar particles to the top surface. Professionals use a “falcon” - a platform tool with a handle at the bottom.
We plaster the wall surface gradually - after finishing small area(1 m) it is leveled with a trowel using circular movements counterclockwise. Excess material is removed into a container, and the voids, on the contrary, are filled with a solution from it. After 7-8 hours you can apply the next layer. If the excess is not removed 12 hours after application, the hardened layer will be difficult to level. Corners are made by fastening edged boards on self-tapping screws.
Using gypsum mortar
So, let's briefly look at how to plaster walls with gypsum plaster with your own hands. Alabaster compositions, or gypsum mixtures less durable, but applied just as easily as cement ones. You need to be careful when diluting and applying such a solution - any dirt particles that get into the container or onto the tool will reduce the hardening time.
Prepare according to the mixture manufacturer's instructions and apply with a spatula. Drying time 2-3 hours. The excess is removed within an hour. Corners are made using reinforced corners. Solutions of this type do not interact well with paint.
Plastering on beacons
Lighthouse finishing is done to match tiles, non-woven lining, and wallpaper. To plaster walls with your own hands, you need to have certain skills and knowledge, otherwise you will not pull out the wall straight. The technique of execution is better learned by observing the work of an experienced master (possibly on video). The instructions “how to properly plaster walls with your own hands” will serve as a kind of “cheat sheet” for the first time.
To level walls using metal profiles first, at a distance of 20 cm from the end of the wall, .
- Next, using a level, the curvature of the surface is determined.
- Along the rule, plaster tubercles are applied to the walls at intervals of 20–30 cm.
- The desired level is formed by pressing down with a rule.
- The solution fixes the position of the beacons.
- If the area is large, ropes are pulled to determine the location of the beacons.
- When the solution fixing the beacons hardens, the gaps are plastered together.
- The plaster is leveled by following the rules along the beacons.
Now you know how to plaster walls with your own hands and it won’t be difficult for you to do everything listed works on one's own. And now a few final secrets:
After a careful assessment of the condition, a decision is made - whether major repairs and plastering of the walls are needed or whether the corners and the most noticeable irregularities can be straightened.
If laid flat ceiling tiles, you can make a plastered ceiling. Before work, it is cleaned of old material, primed and plastered. Otherwise, it will be more profitable to create a suspended or stretch ceiling.
Plastering gives the walls an aesthetic appearance. This is one of the most labor-intensive and expensive stages work, without which it is impossible to provide quality premises. Those who like to do everything on their own and want to learn how to level walls need to know the technique and some rules.
Why do you need to plaster the walls in your apartment?
What does plastering walls give:
- Levels the surface and eliminates defects.
- Increases the strength of walls.
- Protects from excess moisture.
- Improves insulating qualities.
What are the application methods for beginners: options for how to quickly plaster
Apply in three layers in the following order:
- "Splash" or "splatter".
It is formed by throwing mortar onto the wall in order to fill all uneven areas and voids, as well as improve adhesion between the wall and the finishing layer of mortar.
- Application of primer.
Apply for leveling after the first coat has partially dried. Apply in several layers until the desired thickness is formed. Everything is carefully leveled.
- "Covering"
Finish plaster allows you to get a perfectly smooth surface. Can serve as the last step before wallpapering or puttying.
After last layer Once it sets, you can grout it, which will remove all the unevenness and roughness, allowing you to get a smooth and even surface.
How to properly learn how to plaster at home with your own hands: detailed complete instructions for a beginner
Plastering walls is the basis of repairs, so this process needs to be given special attention.
What material and tools are needed for plastering at different stages?
For plastering on our own You will need a number of tools and materials:
- spatulas of various widths;
- trowel for applying the solution;
- rule for alignment;
- crosshead screwdriver;
- two-meter bubble level;
- wide;
- scraper for cleaning walls;
- construction mixer or hammer drill for making mortar;
- beacons 3-9 mm;
- large container for mixing the solution;
- metal scissors for cutting beacons;
- steel ironed;
- plaster mixture;
- gloves to protect hands;
- plumb line;
- roulette;
- dowels, hammer drills, wood screws.
What mixture is best to do the work: the better
Types of mixtures and their characteristics:
- Cement
Very durable. Requires additional coating with putty. Can be used for both external and internal work.
- Limestone
Easy to apply, soft and elastic, also requires additional putty. Used for interior finishing.
- Acrylic, silicone and silicate
To be used for application only thin layer. Gives perfect evenness. Can be used in damp areas.
- Plaster
The most common. Allows you to level with a thick layer and does not crack. After applying this mixture, the surface is even and smooth. Plastic, easy to work with. Economical because when finishing smooth surfaces does not require the use of reinforcing mesh. Has low sound and thermal conductivity. It is not advisable to use in damp areas or outdoors.
Sequence of preparatory work
The first step is to clean the walls from traces of the previous finish, dust and dirt.
Depending on the type of base, for better adhesion of the mixture to the surface, you need to prepare the walls as follows:
- On a surface concrete covering You need to make shallow cuts with a hammer and a serrated tooth and treat them with the “Betonokontakt” soil mixture.
- Attach a mesh netting or shingles to wooden walls, which is made by stuffing thin slats diagonally.
- IN brick wall recesses are made between the bricks.
It is advisable to moisten wooden and brick bases with water before plastering.
Porous surfaces should be treated. You can proceed to plastering only after it has dried.
How to apply plaster evenly
Thin the plaster according to the instructions on the package.
To apply the first layer, the consistency of the mixture should be thicker than sour cream. It is sketched with a trowel using sharp movements of the brush along the plane of the wall. The applied plaster is leveled with a trowel. Beginners can use a simplified method - make the solution more liquid and “shed it on the walls.”
After the initial layer has dried, you can begin applying the next one.
Prepare the solution to a dough-like consistency. Throwing it on the wall, you need to fill all the voids and depressions, level the surface as much as possible and create required thickness layer. When working, the rule is to direct from bottom to top and distribute the solution evenly. Then, running a trowel up and down along the surface, achieve complete leveling of the wall. Let dry thoroughly.
To hide all the flaws and shortcomings of the previous layers, use the finishing layer “Covering”.
Before mixing, sift all ingredients to avoid the appearance of lumps. Moisten the wall with water and apply the mixture in a thin layer using a trowel.
When finished, smooth the surface using a trowel in a circular motion.
Without waiting for it to dry, you can move on to grouting. To do this, press the trowel firmly against the wall and, making circular movements, rub the surface, cutting off all bulges and smoothing out irregularities.
Self-application finishing technology
After laying the main layers of plaster, the surface is rough and grainy; therefore, in order to obtain an even background, it is necessary to apply a finishing putty.
You can purchase it already at finished form or buy a dry mixture and carry out the mixing process yourself, according to the instructions on the package.
Before puttying, the wall must be well moistened; this is done in order to remove dirt and improve the penetration of the mixture into the pores of the surface.
Using a narrow spatula, apply a small amount of the mixture to the edge of a wide spatula. Then spread the putty over the wall using vertical and cross-shaped movements. It is recommended to start pulling the mixture from the corner.
The spatula blade must be clean to avoid streaking.
To level the putty, a spatula is applied at a slight angle to the beginning of the area and passed along the surface with little force.
The thickness of the layer depends on the angle of inclination of the spatula; the more you tilt it towards the wall, the thicker the layer will be.
After the solution has hardened, it is necessary to sand it with sandpaper.
How to make high-quality plaster on brick walls in a new building: step-by-step instructions
Upon check-in new house Almost every new homeowner has to face the problem of wall alignment. How to do this yourself?
Procedure for rough processing
For work it is better to use . First you need to clean the surface to be treated with a wire brush, deepen the masonry seams, and remove dust. To reduce the absorption of bricks and improve adhesion, coat the wall with a deep penetration primer.
To prevent cracks from forming when the house shrinks, you need to use a reinforcing mesh made of plastic. It can be laid in two ways:
- Attach with hooks that are driven into the masonry seams.
- Spray the solution onto the wall and press the mesh into it.
Then set the beacons and mix the solution. For the first layer, the solution should resemble liquid sour cream in consistency; for the second application, mix a thicker one.
1st layer: moisten the wall with water, spray a 5mm solution, lightly level it. Let dry.
2nd layer: throw the mixture onto the wall. Pressing the rule against the beacons and moving from bottom to top, level the surface. Add solution to the resulting voids and level again. Smooth with a trowel.
A simple way to apply plaster to cracks
Sealing cracks in a brick wall can be done using gypsum mortar in several stages:
- Clean the crack from dust and debris, wash the edges with a damp sponge.
- Dilute the gypsum mixture.
- Using a spatula, fill the space with the solution.
- After drying, smooth out any uneven surfaces with sandpaper.
Rules for placing beacons
It is better for beginners to carry out plastering work.
- Drive in a dowel in the upper left corner of the wall, but not all the way: between the head and the wall there should be a distance equal to the thickness of the planned layer of plaster.
- Using a plumb line, set the diagonal and drive in the second dowel at the bottom.
- Repeat the procedure in the right corner of the same wall.
- Pull the threads between the top, bottom, and then the opposite bottom and top dowels.
- Place the thick solution along the entire length of the proposed lighthouse.
- Using a rule and a level, press the beacon into the solution 1 mm below the thread level.
- Mount the remaining beacons.
How to carry out work on foam concrete
Plastering foam blocks occurs in the following order:
- Clean walls and joints with a wire brush.
- Coat with a primer for foam blocks.
- Knead the mixture, strictly following the recipe.
- Starting from the bottom, apply the first layer of plaster.
- Let it dry slightly, press in the mesh for reinforcement and secure with dowels.
- Apply the next layer of plaster and leave until completely dry.
- Cover with a thin finishing layer.
Plastering the walls in an apartment on your own is a completely doable task even for people who have no experience in construction. The main thing is to have the desire, and you can learn anything.
Useful video
Sooner or later, any householder is faced with the problem of plastering walls. Whether it's an old apartment that hasn't been seen for a long time overhaul either large or newly built Vacation home. In any case, before gluing wallpaper or laying tiles, you must preliminary preparation surfaces.
Plastering work is a very labor-intensive process that requires application. special knowledge. Of course, it is better to seek help from professionals, but this can cost you a pretty penny. But what to do if you don’t have that very penny? You can learn this. Below in detailed manual We will tell you about the stages of the work, how to prepare the surface and how to finish.
How to plaster walls
The composition for plaster is determined by the material of the wall covering, as well as the location of the prepared surface (indoors or outdoors).
The choice of the type of solution must be approached with all responsibility, because the further service life of the coating depends on it. If you have any doubts, it is better to contact a hardware store for professional advice.
Except homemade solution, you can use ready-made plaster mixtures, which in large assortment presented on the construction market. One of the most popular and widespread mixtures today is “Rotband”.
Video: what to choose for wall decoration in the bathroom
Preliminary surface priming
If the wall has a highly absorbent base - sand-lime brick or aerated concrete, a deeply penetrating primer is used (Tifengrunt or its analogues). In addition to the fact that such a primer significantly improves the adhesion of the solution to the base, it also additionally strengthens the wall. Before starting work, the primer must be thoroughly mixed. Highly absorbent surfaces are treated twice.
For priming smooth surfaces that do not absorb moisture, it is used special mixture- "Concrete Contact". Before applying the primer, it is necessary to clean the wall surface from dirt and dust, remove peeling old plaster with a spatula or brush. Before use, “Betonokontakt” must be thoroughly mixed and diluted with water (no more than 1 hour per 2 hours mixture) if necessary. Plastering the surface should begin only after the soil layer has completely dried.
Video: is it necessary to prime the walls before plastering?
Surface preparation
First, you need to remove all old finishes and plaster, if any, and completely clean the wall of sagging, dust and dirt.
On wooden base shingles are installed, which can be made from plywood scraps or thin slats. It is recommended to stuff the material diagonally. The result will be a lathing that will serve as beacons and hold the plaster on the wall surface. Instead of wooden slats, the use of chain-link mesh is allowed. The wire reinforcement is attached to the plywood strips so that the distance between the mesh and the wall surface is at least 3 mm.
On concrete smooth wall Using a hammer and teeth, notches are made with a depth of 3 mm and a length of 15 mm. The number of notches depends on the area and is calculated using the formula 250 * m2.
Brick wall. To improve the adhesion of the mortar to the wall surface, depressions of up to 1 cm are made between the bricks.
Before applying plaster, wooden and brick surfaces should be moistened with water using a garden sprayer or an ordinary broom. Concrete walls are treated with a special soil mixture - “Betonokontakt”. For porous wall surfaces (sand-lime brick, aerated concrete, foam concrete), a deeply penetrating primer is used. The highly absorbent base is processed twice. After the primer has completely dried, you can proceed directly to plastering the walls.
Video: how to prepare a wall for finishing
Stages of work execution
Plaster is applied to the walls in several layers.
"Splash"
The prepared solution should have a consistency similar to sour cream. Thickness of the first layer for wooden surfaces- 10 mm, for stone and brick - 4-5 mm.
There are two ways to apply the solution:
"Priming"
The solution should have a dough-like consistency. First, the readiness of the previously applied “spray” is checked (if the surface is not dented when pressing with a finger, the “spray” has dried) and only after the first layer has completely dried, the second is applied. When throwing mortar onto the wall, you must try to fill all the voids. We level the surface using the rule from bottom to top, simultaneously filling the remaining empty areas. And on last stage To achieve the effect of a smooth wall, we use a trowel, running it along the surface in the vertical and horizontal direction. For wooden walls the thickness of the second layer should not exceed 20 mm. Leave until completely dry.
This is the so-called finishing layer of plaster, designed to hide all the imperfections of the “soil”. A solution of creamy consistency is prepared. All components included in it are first sifted through a sieve to prevent the appearance of lumps. We wet the surface of the “soil” with water and apply the solution in a thin layer using a trowel. Then, using a trowel, performing wavy or circular movements, we level the surface. There is no need to wait for this layer of plaster to dry completely. Let's start grouting.
More videos on the topic
Grouting plaster
All around. We press the wooden trowel firmly against the wall and, using circular movements counterclockwise, begin grouting. The sharp edge of the tool cuts off all irregularities and protrusions. If the “covering” layer has already hardened, moisten it with water.
Overclocking. To remove traces of circular movements, you need to press the grater against the wall and make several sharp strokes. For achievement best result You can go over the surface with a grater covered with felt or felt.
So we found out that DIY plastering walls is a realistically feasible task and if you follow all the rules and regulations, you will be able to cope with it without the involvement of strangers.