Before starting the engine, apply the parking brake to the vehicle, place the gear shift lever in the neutral position, and in a vehicle connected to the heating system, turn off and disconnect the heating elements.
Start the car engine using a starter.
The use of the starting handle is permitted only in exceptional cases. When starting a car engine using the starting handle, the following requirements must be observed:
turn the starting handle from top to bottom;
do not grasp the handle;
when adjusting the ignition timing, set the ignition later;
do not use levers or amplifiers acting on the starting handle or crankshaft ratchet;
Do not involve people who do not have the right to do so (loaders, agents, passengers and others) in starting the engine with the handle. It is not allowed to start the engine by towing the vehicle. To heat the engine and power system of the car, remove ice formations and traffic jams, it is necessary to use only hot air, water, steam, etc. To avoid fire, it is prohibited to use open fire. Drive the vehicle at a speed that does not exceed the established limits and ensures the safety of the vehicle, taking into account the intensity of traffic, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and the cargo it carries, road and meteorological conditions (in particular, visibility in the direction of travel). Do not be distracted by conversations while the car is moving. If an obstacle or danger to traffic arises that the driver is able to detect, immediately take measures to reduce speed, even stopping the car. Stop and park the car on the side of the road on the right side of the road, and if there is no side of the road or it is impossible to stop on it, at the edge of the roadway. When leaving the car, it is necessary to take measures to prevent spontaneous movement of the car and its use by others:
turn off the ignition or stop the fuel supply;
Set the gear shift lever to neutral and apply the parking brake;
install wheel chocks under the wheels of the car when it is even on a slight slope;
close the cab door locks, turn on the anti-theft device (if equipped).
When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road in dark time days or in other conditions of insufficient visibility, turn on the side or parking lights.
Before leaving the cabin roadway make sure there is no traffic in both the same and opposite directions. It is allowed to transport people in the back truck with an onboard platform or a van body, equipped with seats, respectively fixed at a height of at least 0.3 m from the top edge of the side and 0.3-0.5 m from the floor, with strong backrests in a number not exceeding the number of seats equipped places, and speed no more than 60 km/h.
It is not allowed to transport people in the back of a towed cart, as well as children in the back of a flatbed truck or a van. Before driving a truck, instruct passengers on the procedure for boarding, seating and disembarking, as well as the rules of conduct while driving. Start driving after making sure that conditions for the safe transportation of passengers are provided. Carry out boarding and disembarkation of passengers only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop, and start moving only from closed doors and do not open them until they come to a complete stop.
People are boarded and disembarked from a truck with a flatbed platform from the rear side using a stationary or removable ladder.
People enter and exit a truck with a box body from the rear or from the right side of the body through the doorway of the outward-opening doors along the steps located directly under the doors.
It is not allowed to move the car when people are on the steps, fenders, bumpers, sides or on a load above the sides, or to jump out of the cab or body of the car.
32. When driving and passing through the territory of an organization, construction site and other objects, you should only use established by the scheme movement through passages and driveways.
It is not allowed to stand or walk under a raised load.
33. When approaching a railway crossing, make sure that there is no approaching railway vehicle and follow the requirements of road signs, traffic lights, road markings, the position of the barrier, the sound signal and the instructions of the person on duty at the railway crossing.
Cross railways only at railway crossings, giving way to a railway vehicle.
34. When placing the vehicle for loading and unloading operations, take measures to prevent spontaneous movement. Before backing up, make sure that no one is driving around it and that there are no people or any obstacles nearby.
Before starting to reverse in conditions of insufficient visibility (due to cargo in the back, when leaving a gate, etc.), request that the shipper or consignee assign an employee to organize the safe movement of the vehicle. Loading and unloading of cargo, securing them and awnings on a vehicle, as well as opening and closing the sides of vehicles, semi-trailers and trailers are carried out by the forces and means of shippers, consignees or specialized organizations under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe conduct of loading and unloading operations.
37. After loading cargo and securing it to the vehicle by the shipper, check the placement, fastening and condition of the cargo to prevent it from moving, falling or creating obstacles to movement.
If violations are detected in the placement, securing and condition of the cargo, request that the person responsible for the safe performance of loading and unloading operations correct them. When loading building structures, equipment and other cargo, use lifting cranes to get out of the cabin and stay out of the area of possible falling cargo.
When loading bulk cargo using excavators, it is allowed to remain in the cabin only if there is a special canopy over the cabin. When delivering cargo to construction sites, obtain permission from the foreman or foreman for unloading. In this case, it is necessary to clarify the vehicle traffic pattern on the construction site, the place and method of unloading. While on the construction site, move from one place to another only along pedestrian paths, ladders or decks, away from sources of increased danger ( lifting mechanisms, work at height, power plants, power supply wires and the like). When working on road trains, the coupling of a road train consisting of a car and trailers should be carried out with the involvement of a worker-coupler and a person coordinating the work, while the vehicle should be backed up at the slowest speed, following the commands of the coordinating person.
In exceptional cases, coupling may be carried out by one driver, subject to following conditions: brake the trailer with the hand brake; check status towing device; place chocks under the rear wheels of the trailer; perform coupling, including connecting hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems car and trailer, as well as fastening the safety rope (chains) on trailers that do not have automatic devices. Before reversing, secure the trailer's turntable with a locking device. Coupling and uncoupling should only be done on a flat, horizontal platform with a hard surface. When coupling semi-trailers, fulfill the following requirements:
Before coupling, make sure that hitch, kingpin and
their fastenings are in good working order, the semi-trailer is braked by the parking brake, the front part of the semi-trailer is positioned so that when coupling, the leading edge of the support sheet hits the skid or saddle;
the sides of the semi-trailer must be closed;
connecting hoses and electric wires must be suspended using a tension spring on the hook of the front side of the semi-trailer so that they do not interfere with the coupling. It is not allowed to load a car, trailers and carts in excess of the established dimensions and carrying capacity. Sound a sound signal in cases where it is necessary to prevent a traffic accident, including:
when entering and leaving the gates of an organization or warehouse;
at the start of moving from a standstill, if there are people in the back or near the car;
when driving in reverse; in places of limited visibility;
in all cases possible danger collision or collision. Do not open or close the gate with a car bumper. To prevent fire, it is prohibited to: allow accumulation on the engine, its crankcase, exhaust pipe and
muffler for dirt and oil;
leave used cleaning materials contaminated with oil and fuel in the cabin and on the engine;
operate faulty vehicle power system devices; use gasoline and other flammable liquids to wash the engine;
If the fuel system malfunctions, supply gasoline to the carburetor directly from the container using a hose or other method;
smoke in the immediate vicinity of engine power system devices;
use open fire when identifying and eliminating malfunctions of mechanisms and systems, heat the engine with open fire;
use devices with open fire to heat the cabin or cook food in it. During parking, it is prohibited to rest or sleep in the cab or closed body with the engine running, or to use it to heat the cab when parked. Refuel the car in accordance with the safety rules established for the gas station.
Before refueling the car, you must stop the engine, turn off the ignition, when refueling the car gas fuel close the main valve (the flow valves remain open). At the gas station it is not allowed: smoking and using open fire;
conduct renovation work, as well as work that may lead to a fire;
refuel the car with the engine running;
presence of passengers in the cabin passenger car, cabin and (or) truck body. During work, use the issued personal protective equipment and promptly notify the immediate supervisor of the work about the need for dry cleaning, washing, drying, repair and neutralization.
On charger
INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection when performing work on the charger
1. General requirements
1.1. This instruction contains safety requirements when working with the charger. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and are approved by order of the branch director are allowed to work on the charger.
1.2. The employee must know the rules for using the charger. The workplace and room must be kept clean, well lit and uncluttered.
1.3. In the area charger the temperature should be between
1.5. During operation, the premises should be free of acid and alkali vapors, as well as gases that cause corrosion of metals and damage to insulation, as well as conductive and explosive dust.
1.7. When operating chargers there are the following types dangers:
Do not operate the device with the casing removed;
It is prohibited to repair a device connected to the network;
Connecting (disconnecting) chargers batteries, must be performed with the switch of the corresponding channel turned off.
The operating voltage of the charger is 220V, which is a dangerous factor for the life and health of the worker; in order to avoid electric shock, it is prohibited to operate the device with damaged electrical insulation and without protective grounding;
When carrying out repairs and maintenance of the charger, strictly observe fire safety measures;
It is prohibited to allow unauthorized persons to access the charger.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Put in order work clothes; fasten the cuffs of the sleeves so that there are no hanging ends, tuck the hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
2.2. Inspect carefully workplace, put it in proper order, remove all foreign objects that interfere with the work.
2.3. When working, use only serviceable tools, devices and equipment.
3. Requirementssafety during work
3.1. Check the serviceability of the charger (external inspection).
3.2. Check the condition of the cables.
3.3. Check the condition of the terminal clamps.
4. Requirementssafety in emergency situations,
occurred during operation of the charger
4.1. If smoke, sparks, or the smell of electrical wiring appear during operation of the charger, it is necessary to immediately stop work and take measures to eliminate them, reporting this to the department management.
4.2. If a fire occurs in the device, immediately disconnect it from the power supply and report the fire to management.
5. Safety requirements after completion of work
5.1. When finishing work, turn off the devices, remove the clamps from the battery terminals, and clean the work area.
5.2. Disconnect devices from the power supply.
5.3. Inspect the charger.
5.4. Tidy up the workplace, tools and accessories and put them in the designated place.
5.5. Report all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during operation, and measures taken to their elimination.
5.6. Wash your hands with warm water.
The uniform mandatory requirements for application and execution of machinery and equipment during development, manufacture, installation, commissioning, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal are set out in technical regulations Customs Union“On the safety of machinery and equipment (TR CU 010/2011)”, approved by decision of the Customs Union Commission dated October 18, 2011 N 823. This regulation establishes the minimum necessary requirements to the safety of machines and equipment. Let us give some of its requirements.
The development of operating manuals (instructions) is an integral part of the development (design) of machines and equipment, which should include:
- information about the design, principle of operation, characteristics (properties) of machines and (or) equipment;
- instructions for installation or assembly, adjustment or adjustment, maintenance and repair of machinery or equipment;
- instructions for the use of machinery and equipment and measures to ensure safety during their operation;
- assigned indicators (assigned storage period, assigned service life and (or) assigned resource) depending on design features equipment;
- a list of critical failures, possible erroneous actions of personnel that lead to an incident or accident;
- actions of personnel in the event of an incident, critical failure or accident;
- instructions for equipment decommissioning and disposal;
- information about the qualifications of service personnel.
The operating manual (instructions) is made on paper. A set of operational documents on electronic media may be attached to it.
The machine or equipment must have a clearly visible, clear and indelible identification marking containing:
- manufacturer's name and (or) its trademark;
- name and (or) designation of machinery and equipment - type, brand, model (if available);
- month and year of manufacture.
When carrying out maintenance, repairs and inspections of machinery and equipment, the requirements established by the operating manual (instructions) and the maintenance or repair program must be observed throughout the entire period of these works. Changes to the structure or equipment that arise during their repair must be agreed upon with the developer (designer).
After overhauling a machine or equipment, it is necessary to conduct a risk assessment, the value of which should not be higher than acceptable. If necessary, technical and organizational measures are developed aimed at achieving acceptable risk values.
Safety requirements for the operation of stationary and continuous machines
Safety requirements for the operation of stationary machines and the use of continuous lighting machines are in a number of regulatory documents, including SNiP 12-03-2001.
The placement of stationary machines in production areas must be carried out according to the project. Stationary machines that generate dust during operation (crushing, grinding, mixing, etc.) should be equipped with dust suppression or dust collection means.
Moving parts that are sources of danger must be fenced with mesh or solid metal fences. The use of removable safety fences is permitted if, for structural or technological reasons, it is not possible to install stationary, removable, folding and sliding fences, as well as opening doors, covers, hatches, shields in these fences or the housing must be equipped with devices (locks) preventing their accidental removal or opening.
Protection against electric shock during operation of stationary machinery and equipment is achieved by applying the following safety measures:
- live parts should be reliably insulated, fenced or located in places inaccessible to people;
- live parts must be placed inside cases (cabinets, units) with lockable doors or closed protective covers when located in places accessible to people;
- Metal parts that may become live due to insulation damage must be grounded.
The electrical circuit diagram must include a device that centrally disconnects all electrical circuits from the supply network.
Machinery and equipment combined into a single technological process with more than one worker, it is necessary to provide alarm systems that warn workers about the start-up. Remote start-up should be carried out after a warning sound or snow signal has been given and a response signal has been received from the equipment service areas about the possibility of start-up. Alarm bells, sirens, lamps must be protected from mechanical damage and are located so as to ensure reliable audibility and visibility of the signal in the personnel service area.
Filling bunkers are equipped with service platforms set height and width with perimeter fencing. Hopper hatches must have opening covers, equipped with locking devices and interlocks, the keys to which must be kept by the work manager. On bunkers it is necessary to use electric vibrators, electric steam heaters, turners, etc., to prevent free formation and freezing of materials.
The bins are closed with a grid with cells no larger than 20 x 20 cm, and their cleaning is carried out under supervision responsible person. It is not allowed to break oversized pieces of materials on the bin grates. hand tools. Removing pieces of material from the chambers while the crusher is running is prohibited.
Personnel servicing crushing machines is provided special devices(hooks, pliers, etc.) to remove pieces of materials or accidentally fallen non-crushed objects from the crusher chamber and safety glasses.
When operating lifts on sites from which the cabin (platform) is loaded or unloaded, it is necessary to post the rules for using the lift, which determine the method of loading, the method of signaling, the procedure for servicing the doors by workers on duty, prohibiting people from entering the platform of cargo construction lifts and other instructions for servicing the lift .
At all loading or unloading points of the cabin or lift platform, inscriptions are made indicating the weight of the maximum load allowed for lifting or lowering. Above the loading area of a lift with an open platform, at a height of 2.5-5 m, a protective double decking made of boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm is installed.
Technological lines consisting of several sequentially installed and simultaneously operating means of continuous transport (conveyors, conveyors, etc.) must be equipped with:
- two-way alarm system with all control posts;
- blocking of equipment drives, ensuring automatic shutdown of that part of the production line that loads a stopped or stopped unit.
When performing loading and unloading operations using continuous machines, the following requirements must be met:
- stowage of cargo should ensure uniform loading of the working body and stable position of the cargo;
- feeding and removing loads from the working part of the machine must be done using special feeding and receiving devices.
While the conveyor belt is operating, it is prohibited to:
- eliminate slipping of the belt on the drum by throwing sand, clay, rosin, bitumen and other materials into the area between the belt and the drum;
- clean support rollers, drums of drive, tension and end stations, remove spills from under the conveyor;
- rearrange support rollers, tension and align the conveyor belt manually.
Performance specified works should be carried out only when the conveyor is completely stopped and disconnected from the network with the fuses removed and the starting device closed, on which prohibiting safety signs “Do not turn on - people are working!” must be posted.
It is forbidden to put the belt conveyor into operation if the passages are cluttered and cluttered, as well as if the following are missing or faulty:
- guards for drive, tension and end drums;
- cable switch;
- grounding of electrical equipment, cable armor or conveyor frame.
The speed of the conveyor belt during manual cargo handling should not exceed 0.5 m/s for a mass of processed cargo up to 5 kg and 0.3 m/s for a larger mass.
To prevent spillage of transported raw materials and the formation of dust in production premises covers and chutes of screw conveyors must be sealed.
Prohibited:
- open the covers of screw conveyors before they stop and take measures against the involuntary start of the conveyor, as well as walk on the covers of this equipment;
- push transported material or objects that accidentally fall into the conveyor and take samples for laboratory analysis while the screw conveyor is operating;
- operate the screw conveyor when the screw touches the casing walls, with faulty covers and faulty seals.
When operating overhead carts and pushing conveyors, measures must be taken to prevent materials and products from falling during their transportation.
Conveyors must be equipped with devices that turn off the drives when the conveyor is overloaded.
Before starting up newly installed or overhauled conveyors, traction devices and hanging grips must be tested for 15 minutes under double working load.
Attachments to overhead conveyors should ensure ease of installation and removal of transported goods.
Drive and rotary sprockets of cradle conveyors, gears and drive couplings must have solid metal or mesh guards.
In places where people and vehicles constantly pass under the conveyor route, they must be installed metal mesh to catch cargo falling from the conveyor.
The installation height of the nets from the ground surface must correspond to the dimensions of the vehicles used and ensure free passage of people.
Safety instructions when starting the engine.
Before starting the engine, first of all, it is necessary to check the technical condition of the tractor, remove the tool, put the gearbox lever in the neutral position, set the distributor lever of the mounted system to the neutral position, and turn on the power take-off shaft and pulley (if installed); check the oil level in the crankcase, water in the cooling system and fuel in the tanks; see if there are people under the tractor, behind or in front of it, between the tractor and the machine or implement connected to it. You must not start the engine if any work is being done on a machine or implement connected to the tractor, since the latter may begin to move after starting the engine / there is a malfunction in the gearbox; incomplete disengagement of the gear due to bending of the shift forks, self-switching of the gear due to malfunction of the clamps, etc./.
I. Starting the engine using the starting handle.
When starting the engine, grip the starting handle right hand So, the thumb is placed on the handle along with the rest. If you do not follow this rule and put your thumb towards the other four fingers, then with an overheated engine or with early ignition, the crankshaft, and therefore the starting handle, may jerk in the opposite direction and damage your hand.
1. The crankshaft of the P-46 starting engine of the T-150 tractor must be turned with a half-turn jerk.
II. Starting the engine with a starter cord.
1. There should be a knot at one end of the launcher, and a comfortable handle at the other. After connecting the starter cord to the flywheel, do not wrap the cord around your hand or grasp it, as the flywheel may begin to rotate in the opposite direction, resulting in injury to your hand.
2. If the ignition is not turned on, the flywheel must be rotated using the starting cord, holding it with one hand by the handle, with the other by the knot: the middle of the cord is inserted into the flywheel groove. Before jerking, check the connection of the cord to the flywheel. If the cord knot is poorly placed in the groove of the flywheel, then when pulled, the cord may jump off, and the launcher may fall. Before you jerk the cord, you should look around and check if there are people nearby and if there is a place for jerking, if there are cars and tractors nearby. After this, the cord is pulled by the handle, and the other end is installed so that a friction force arises between the cord and the flywheel. For a sharper and stronger jerk, one leg must be placed with the tractor, but away from the caterpillar track, so that in case of an accidental change in position, the tractor does not crush the leg.
3. When starting a hot engine, do not touch the exhaust pipe while winding the cord, otherwise you may get burned.
4. During starting, you should not stand near the rotating flywheel, especially when the load on the starting engine changes, since when the clutch is engaged and the decompression mechanism is turned off, the flywheel can come off the ring shaft and kill a person standing nearby.
5. On some engines, the decompression mechanism must be turned off with extreme caution, due to the fact that the control lever for this mechanism is located next to the rotating fan. Therefore, before starting the engines of the Belarus tractors /except MTZ-50/, T-33, it is necessary to look where the decompression mechanism lever is located so as not to damage your hand on the rotating fan blades.
6. After starting the engine, disengage the clutch of the starting engine to avoid its “overrunning”.
7. For combines, before starting the engine, the gearbox lever must be set to the neutral position, and the switching lever /thresher switch lever/ to the “off” position.
8. When starting a car engine, take the same precautions as when starting a tractor engine. The gear lever is set to the neutral position, the car is braked with the handbrake, if the latter is not turned on (the handbrake must be on when parked). When using the starting handle to start the engine, you need to stand as close to the car as possible, but so that the handle does not catch the starter. If you stand far from the engine, you will have to strongly tilt the body over the handle, and with possible reverse rotation of the crankshaft, the handle will hit the operator in the body or face.
341. The design, operation and repair of electrical installations (electrical equipment, power supply networks) must be carried out in accordance with current regulatory requirements for safe operation electrical installations.
Electrical circuits must provide protection for consumers from overloads and short circuits.
342. At each mineral processing (processing) facility, the following must be available, formalized in the prescribed manner:
power supply diagram (normal and emergency operating modes), approved by the organization’s chief power engineer;
schematic single-line diagram indicating power networks, electrical installations (transformer substations, switchgears, etc.), type of current, cross-section of wires and cables, their length, brand, voltage and power of each setting, all grounding locations, location of protective and switching equipment , current settings of maximum relays and rated currents of fuse links, current settings and response time of protection against single-phase ground faults, currents short circuit at the most remote point of the protected line;
a separate power supply diagram for seasonal electrical installations before putting them into operation.
All changes in the power supply diagram during operation must be reflected on it signed by the person responsible for the power supply of the facility.
343. Each starting device must have a clear inscription indicating the installation it turns on.
When working in electrical installations and on power lines, organizational and technical measures must be carried out as provided for in the relevant regulatory documentation.
344. When servicing electrical installations, it is necessary to use electrical protective equipment (dielectric gloves, boots and carpets, voltage indicators, insulating rods, portable grounding, etc.) and personal protective equipment (safety glasses, assembly belts and claws, etc.).
Protective equipment must meet the current requirements of the rules for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations, and be subject to mandatory periodic electrical tests within the prescribed time frame.
Before each use of protective equipment, it is necessary to check their serviceability, the absence of external damage, contamination, and the expiration date according to the stamp.
Use funds with expired suitability is prohibited.
In areas with low temperatures, insulated dielectric gloves should be used. It is allowed to use dielectric gloves together with warm (woolen or other) gloves.
345. Personnel allowed to work with electrical devices, electrified tools, or who, by the nature of the work, come into contact with the electric drive of machines and mechanisms, must have a qualification group in electrical safety.
All employees of the organization should be trained in how to free victims from the action electric current, providing first aid to victims of electric current and other traumatic factors.
346. Newly installed or reconstructed electrical installations, as well as technological equipment and start-up complexes powered by electrical installations, must be put into operation in the manner prescribed by the current standards and rules for the safe operation of electrical equipment.
If faults are detected during the inspection of electrical installations, work to eliminate them must be carried out by the operational and repair personnel of this installation in accordance with the list of works carried out in the order of routine operation. All other work must be carried out by authorized persons in accordance with the established procedure.
347. It is prohibited to use electric heating devices and electrical equipment of non-serial manufacture, the installation and operation of which does not comply with current rules and safety standards.
348. If a malfunction is discovered during the inspection, which, according to the current Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations and the Safety Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations, should not be eliminated by one person, the person who discovered the malfunction must immediately notify his immediate superior and make an appropriate entry in the operational log.
These types of malfunctions are eliminated at the direction of a superior officer under the supervision of a second person, in compliance with the measures provided for in the specified rules to ensure the safe performance of work, and the use protective equipment.
349. Bringing long objects (pipes, ladders, etc.) into the premises of switchgears and working with them near electrical installations, where not all live parts are covered with fences that prevent the possibility of accidental contact, is permitted only under the supervision of the work foreman or a designated observer .
350. Individual production machines and mechanisms can be turned on and off using starting equipment by persons who have received permission to service these machines and mechanisms, who have undergone appropriate instruction and who have the right to independently service them. During the shutdown period, a poster must be posted on the starting devices: “Do not turn on!”
351. Before starting up temporarily disconnected equipment, it must be inspected, ensured that it is ready to receive voltage, and the personnel working on it must be warned about the upcoming switch-on.
352. Places where work is carried out must be illuminated in accordance with current sanitary standards.
353. Lamps must be located in such a way that they can be safely serviced without removing the voltage from the electrical equipment. This requirement does not apply to lamps placed in chambers of a closed switchgear.
354. For lighting networks An electrical system with an insulated neutral should be used with a line voltage not exceeding 220 V.
355. In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous when installing lamps with incandescent lamps above the floor below 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage not exceeding 42 V. This requirement does not apply to lamps serviced from cranes or from platforms, visited only by qualified personnel.
If the lamps are located in workshops at a high altitude, they can be serviced using cranes, and the work must be performed with dielectric gloves in the presence of a second person. Lamps with fluorescent lamps for voltage 127-220 V it is allowed to install at least 2.5 m, provided that their contact parts are inaccessible for accidental touches.
356. To power local stationary lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps, the voltage must be used: in rooms without increased danger - no higher than 220 V, in rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous - no higher than 42 V.
Voltage up to 220 V inclusive is allowed for lamps of special design:
a) being integral part emergency lighting powered by an independent current source;
b) installed in premises with increased danger (but not particularly dangerous).
Metal fittings of luminaires with voltages above 42 V must be reliably grounded.
357. Lamps with fluorescent lamps with a voltage of 127-220 V may be used for local lighting provided that their live parts are not accessible to accidental touches. In damp, especially damp, hot and chemically active environments, the use of fluorescent lamps for local lighting is allowed only in specially designed fittings.
358. To power hand-held lamps in high-risk areas, a voltage of no higher than 42 V should be used.
Power supply for luminaires with voltages of 42 V and below must be supplied from transformers with electrically separate windings of primary and secondary voltage.
359. In especially dangerous premises and outdoors, as well as under particularly unfavorable conditions, when the danger of electric shock is aggravated by the cramped, inconvenient position of the worker in contact with large metal, well-grounded surfaces (work in boilers, tanks, tanks, etc. ), to power hand-held and portable lamps it is necessary to use a voltage no higher than 12 V.
360. When preparing solutions of flotation reagents for local lighting, it is allowed to use only portable lamps with a voltage not exceeding 12 V.
361. The use of open (unprotected) fluorescent lamps in industrial premises is not permitted, with the exception of premises not intended for long-term occupancy of people.
362. Workers sent to work in low light conditions and at night must have individual portable lamps.
363. Electric tools (electric drills, electric impact wrenches, grinding and polishing machines, electric soldering irons, vibrators, etc.) must have double insulation.
a) not higher than 220 V in rooms without increased danger;
b) not higher than 42 V in high-risk areas and outdoors.
365. If there is a protective starter that provides remote control and automatic instantaneous disconnection of the power tool from the network in the event of a short circuit to the housing or a break in the ground wire, it is allowed to operate the power tool under 220 V voltage, regardless of the room category, as well as outdoors.
366. If it is impossible to ensure the operation of a power tool with a voltage of 42 V, it is allowed to use a power tool with a voltage of 220 V, but with the mandatory use of protective equipment (gloves) and reliable grounding of the body of the power tool.
367. Plug connections intended for connecting power tools must have live parts inaccessible to touch and an additional grounding contact.
368. Plug connections (sockets, plugs) used for voltages of 12 and 42 V must differ in design from conventional plug connections intended for voltages of 127 and 220 V, and exclude the possibility of plugging 12 and 42 V plugs into plug sockets for 127 and 220 V.
369. To connect the tool to the network, use a hose wire; Multi-core flexible wires (PRG type) with insulation for a voltage of at least 500 V, enclosed in a rubber hose, are allowed for use.
370. When inspecting electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, one person is prohibited from performing any work, as well as penetrating the fence, entering switchgear chambers and explosion chambers of oil switches. Inspection of equipment, equipment and busbars is permitted from the threshold of the cell or standing in front of the barrier.
371. If a connection is detected between any live part of an electrical installation and the ground, it is prohibited to approach the place of such damage at a distance of less than 4-5 m in closed switchgears and 8-10 m in open substations until it is disconnected.
Approaching at a closer distance is permissible only for performing operations with switching equipment that allows eliminating a ground fault, as well as when providing the necessary assistance to victims. In these cases, you should definitely protect yourself from the action of step voltage: put on dielectric boots, lay down rugs or other means that reliably insulate from the ground.
All operations must be performed with dielectric gloves or using an insulating rod.
372. On temporary fencing posters should be posted: “Stop! High voltage!".
373. Repair work in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V must be carried out after completing the organizational and technical measures provided for by the current rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations and safety rules for the operation of electrical installations.
374. The work performer (supervisor), while exercising supervision, must remain at the work site at all times. One person from the repair team, including the work supervisor (supervisor), is not allowed to remain in the premises of installations with voltages above 1000 V or in an open substation.
375. If it is necessary to leave, the work foreman (supervisor), if he cannot be replaced by the responsible manager at this time, is obliged to take the team out of the room during his absence and lock the door behind him.
376. When taking a break from work during the working day (for lunch or due to work conditions), the team must leave the electrical installation room. Posters, barriers and grounding remain in place. After a break, no worker has the right to enter an installation room with a voltage above 1000 V or an open substation in the absence of the work manager or supervisor.
Operations personnel do not admit the brigade after such a break. The work foreman (supervisor) himself indicates to the team the place of work.
377. After complete completion of the work, the team cleans up the workplace and then it is inspected by the responsible work manager.
378. Mobile fences (cage or shield) must have a design that excludes the possibility of accidental or mistaken contact of workers with live parts that remain energized, and the fencing itself covering live parts. It should also be possible to safe installation and fencing stability.
379. Power supply for communication and signaling devices, with the exception of special transport devices, must be supplied with a line voltage not exceeding 220 V from the lighting network, batteries or rectifier units. For signaling devices, except for signaling devices, powered by a voltage not exceeding 24 V, it is allowed to make lines with bare wires.
380. Electric motors and the mechanisms they drive must be marked with arrows indicating the direction of rotation of the mechanism and the electric motor.
381. Terminal boxes electric machines and ballasts must be securely sealed and covered with a lid. Removing covers while machines are operating is prohibited.
The terminals of the stator, armature and pole windings must be marked. Start and Stop positions must be marked on ballasts.
382. Switches, contactors, magnetic starters, switches, etc., as well as fuses mounted on group boards, must have inscriptions indicating which motor they belong to.
383. After stopping the electric motor for repairs, the voltage must be removed from the supply cable on the panel or assembly, and a poster should be posted on the switch drive: “Do not turn on! People are working!”
Take down the “Do not turn on! People are working!” and the machine can be turned on only after the person who performed the work makes a note in the journal about the completion of the work, and the person who accepted the work makes a note about permission to turn on the electric motor.