Nowadays, many houses and buildings still have sewer pipes made during the Soviet era, despite the fact that their service life has long expired. Therefore, many apartment and house owners seek to replace these products with new ones. Not only cast iron sewer pipes are replaced, for which inner diameter decreased by 80%, but also collectors, including the sewer system itself. As for large reinforced concrete systems, their service life has also long since come to an end; the products are riddled with cracks and can no longer be considered safe for use.
The production of sewer manholes and pipes is now in great demand. The process does not require huge rolling mills, because a small plant can handle the production of products.
In Russia, the number of manufacturers is constantly growing, and products that were once not of high quality are becoming better and better. Modern production sewer pipes is strictly controlled by world giants. In addition, it should be noted that manufacturing innovations are constantly being introduced.
Currently, the following materials are used for the manufacture of water supply pipes:
- Ceramics;
- Metal;
- Concrete;
- Plastic (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and HDPE pipes).
There are a lot of materials, so manufacturers are constantly looking for new methods and manufacturing technologies.
Many are skeptical about Russian products, but they are getting better every year - the technology is being developed, the equipment is being modernized. But many customers turn to foreign manufacturers, believing that they are of better quality and more reliable. If we talk about professional customers, they usually use German sewer pipes.
Current manufacturers use polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and HDPE to produce pipes. Each of these materials has its own unique technical characteristics that you need to pay attention to when choosing. IN modern construction HDPE pipes are more relevant, characterized by many positive qualities, necessary for this field of activity.
Important! When choosing a product, it is best to start from the products of those companies whose main activity is sewage production.
Types of sewer networks
Important! Exists big number enterprises that produce plastic pipes. The products come in several types and are suitable for a particular sewer system, so you need to choose pipes based on their purpose.
In order for the sewer system to work smoothly, many factors must be taken into account, but the most important criteria the following: a competent choice of material, and how well it is made.
Some time ago, the most popular material was cast iron, as it was characterized by a high margin of safety. Later certain time, plastic began to occupy a leading position, which is due to its following advantages:
- High strength;
- Long service life;
- Light weight;
- Resistance to aggressive environments;
- Ease of installation;
- High level of tightness;
- Availability.
Depending on the location of the sewerage PVC pipes, the system can be:
- Internal;
- Outdoor.
With the help of external pipes it is possible to drain wastewater from residential or industrial building. The peculiarity of these products is that they are not afraid of heavy loads, because the place where they are installed is underground. Internal networks must be silent.
The purposes of pipes may also vary, so products are manufactured in different thicknesses and diameters. To make it easier to distinguish between sewer systems, they come in several colors: gray, white, black, orange and green.
When installing sewer systems, their tightness plays a significant role. To achieve this, manufacturers offer shaped parts: o-ring, plug, clamp, coupling, and so on.
Why seal sewer pipes?
Proper installation of the sewer system is the key to its long and efficient operation. It is easier for residents of high-rise buildings, since they only need to install internal water supply. And those who live outside the city lay external sewerage and equip an autonomous system.
The sewerage installation procedure consists of several stages:
- A system design is drawn up;
- Material is purchased;
- The pipes are connected;
- Joints are sealed;
- Connections are sealed.
The role of the sewer seal is as follows: it allows you to prevent possible leaks and breakthroughs during the operation of the system. Plastic sewer, as a rule, are sealed with rubber cuffs. Thanks to the seals, water does not get in and out, and insects and rodents cannot penetrate into the sewer system, which could damage it. The sewer system will work for a long time and efficiently if all connections are properly sealed.
Note! Seals are relevant not only to prevent leaks at pipe joints, but also in places where sewerage elements are connected to plumbing.
Most often, sewer pipes are sealed with rubber cuffs. Their advantages are that they are convenient to use, they are reliable and last a long time. They are used when laying sewers in country houses, apartments and businesses. Rubber seals consist of the following elements:
- Rubber compound;
- Rubber;
- Polyurethane;
- Silicone;
- Paronitis.
As a result, these materials produce a durable and elastic rubber seal, which makes the sewer connection tight and reliable. Such products are not afraid of temperature changes, aggressive chemicals, non-concentrated acids and alkalis.
Depending on the purpose for which seals are used, the following types are distinguished: universal, rod and piston. U rubber cuffs many advantages: reliability, durability, prevention of penetration into the system groundwater. Seals prevent waste from spreading outward, so there will never be an unpleasant odor in the area.
PVC sewer pipes today have become the main element for arranging the corresponding engineering communications in residential and production premises. Their main advantages:
- Tightness;
- Extremely for a long time work without the need for repairs.
The service life of these products is about half a century; they are not characterized by corrosion and the effects of stray currents.
The quality of raw materials for the production of our products is the determining factor. The production of sewerage pipes at the enterprise is carried out using exclusively quality materials. All manufactured products are tested in our own laboratory. Manufactured products comply with Russian standards and have all the necessary quality and safety certificates.
Plastic pipes replaced metal pipes several decades ago. Unlike bulky, impractical and quite expensive metal products, plastic products are characterized by low cost and ease of installation. Their low mass greatly facilitated any manipulation with them. Construction and installation work associated with laying plastic sewer pipes is much cheaper than similar procedures for installing metal ones.
It was with their use that it was possible to achieve high tightness of connections, which can be maintained for decades without additional interventions. When installing PVC sewer pipes, a socket connection is used. It involves the use of rubber O-rings. It is these rings that ensure tightness.
These products are perfectly suited for sewer installations.
- Their inner surface is very smooth. This provides high throughput PVC sewer pipes and no blockages.
- They have the ability to self-clean, which also greatly facilitates their operation.
- These products are extremely resistant to temperature increases and various chemically aggressive substances, so they last a very long time in a wide variety of operating conditions.
Plastic pipes are impervious to microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi. They are characterized by compliance with the most stringent sanitary and hygienic requirements. This allows them to be used not only in residential buildings, but also in medical and children's institutions, at various industrial enterprises.
Modern plastic sewer pipes are also characterized by good sound insulation. When installing them, you will not be disturbed by the noise of water, which increases the convenience of living or working. Our specialists will help you choose products that suit your operating conditions.
The products we manufacture are used for initial installation, as well as reconstruction of existing pipeline systems. The PLAST PROFIL LLC plant (Moscow) offers pipes for sale in large assortment With different characteristics. For example, in multi-storey buildings it is necessary to use products with a greater wall thickness than in low-rise buildings. All types of plastic sewer pipes are able to withstand short-term increases in the temperature of the transported product up to 75ºC-95ºC. They are laid underground to a depth of at least 0.8 m. If freight transport is expected to pass over the installation site, then this depth increases to at least 1.3 m (maximum depth - up to 8 meters).
Diameters and wall thicknesses, as well as maximum deviations from them for pipes must correspond to those indicated in the table.
| Outer diameter, d, mm | Wall thickness, e, for pipes with ring stiffness SN, mm | ||||||
| SN2 | SN4 | SN8 | |||||
| nominal, dn | prev off | e m , min | e m, max | e m , min | e m, max | e m , min | e m, max |
| 110 | +0,3 | ― | ― | 3,0 | 3,5 | ― | ― |
| 110 | +0,3 | ― | ― | 3,2 | 3,8 | 3,2 | 3,8 |
| 160 | +0,4 | 3,2 | 3,8 | 4,0 | 4,6 | 4,7 | 5,4 |
| 200 | +0,5 | 3,9 | 4,5 | 4,9 | 5,6 | 5,9 | 6,7 |
| 250 | +0,5 | 4,9 | 5,6 | 6,2 | 7,1 | 7,3 | 8,3 |
| 315 | +0,6 | 6,2 | 7,1 | 7,7 | 8,7 | 9,2 | 10,4 |
| 400 | +0,7 | 7,9 | 8,9 | 9,8 | 11,0 | 11,7 | 13,1 |
| 500 | +0,9 | 9,8 | 11,0 | 12,3 | 13,8 | 14,6 | 16,3 |
The reliability of the sewer system during its operation depends largely on the material of its pipes, as well as on the quality of manufacture of its components and execution installation work. Manufacturers of sewer pipes long time cast iron was used exclusively. But at present, this material is gradually being replaced from the market by other, more modern ones.
For the installation of sewer systems, pipes made of the following materials are used:
- Ceramics.
- Metal (cast iron, steel).
- Concrete.
- Plastic (HDPE, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene).
Plastic sewer pipes
Production of plastic sewer pipes
Organization technological process manufacturing plastic sewer products allows you to launch a sewer pipe plant within a month.
Pipe production by extrusion – continuous process closed loop:
- Granular plastic is delivered to the extruder hopper.
- Using a pellet-rotating screw, ring heaters melt the plastic, then the molten pellets enter the extrusion head.
- Under high pressure A pipe with a given diameter is formed from molten plastic in the extrusion head.
- The formed product is moved to the vacuum calibration area for the purpose of calibrating the pipe diameter using vacuum.
- The first stage of cooling is when the pipe passes from one cooling chamber to another, it cools down and is divided into sections of a given length.
- The product is drawn out by a pulling device, which is equipped with special tracks. Correct calculation of the number and length of tracks allows you to pull the pipe without damaging its walls.
- The uninterrupted operation of systems in the extruder is regulated by a special logical controller.
In the manufacture of PVC sewer pipes, low-quality plastic is used; in European countries, such products are used exclusively for the installation of external sewer networks. Best Reviews From professional customers we receive sewer pipes made in Germany.
The technology for the production of sewerage pipes requires the mandatory availability of water, significant electrical power, well-thought-out ventilation system. The absence of defects in products largely depends on the qualifications of the personnel, and therefore production is semi-automated.
Popular manufacturers of plastic sewer pipes
When choosing products for installing a sewer network, it is extremely important to choose the right manufacturer, since the reliability and service life of the system depends on this.
The most popular are:
- The history of Wavin began in Zwolla (Holland) in 1955, when its founder Johan Keller set out to solve the problem of significant corrosion of pipes and the corresponding loss of water by developing a new type of communication. Thus began the production of plastic pipes for drinking water. At the same time, the company began producing sewer pipes from the same material, which became extremely popular. Thanks to this established company, factories and offices began to spring up throughout Europe. Modern systems are designed for internal sewerage and include traditional PP and PVC elements, as well as the low noise AS system.
- Pragma sewer pipes have double walls and are made of polypropylene. The outer corrugated surface is orange, the smooth inner surface is white. The length of the products is 6 m, there is a rubber seal in the groove at one end, and a socket at the other end. The Pragma free-flow system is intended for use in storm and external gravity sewer networks.
- Korsis sewer pipes are double-layer corrugated, made from propylene using the extrusion method using Italian technology from the Polieco company. The scope of application of these products is the repair and construction of storm and domestic sewerage systems, laying communications at great depths, where greater annular rigidity is required. Polypropylene pipes are also used to drain liquid and gaseous media to which they are capable chemical resistance, at a temperature of 0-45ºС, with the possibility of short-term loads up to 95ºС. Pipes for external sewerage Korsis PRO with a diameter of 110-1200 mm, lengths of 6 and 12 m, have a rigidity that allows them to be laid without a protective case under road surfaces. These products are distinguished by an internal smooth light blue layer and a corrugated black layer, which includes carbon black, which is a highly effective light stabilizer. Corsis pipe for sewerage is made from polypropylene with a high modulus of elasticity and resistance to destruction under the influence of stresses arising in the walls of the product and the effects of transported substances with surface activity.
- Ostendorf sewer pipes, made in Germany, are made of high-quality mineralized polypropylene, which absorbs sound. They are designed for internal sewage systems and are compatible with other internal sewer systems. The centimeter scale printed on the products and their low weight significantly speed up and facilitate their installation. The Ostendorf sewer pipe is produced with monolithic walls, using single-layer technology. Product service life is up to 100 years.
- Rehau pipes are noise-absorbing sewer systems for residential and non-residential buildings. At the base of the system are three-layer polymer pipes, reinforced in cornering areas, and noise-absorbing clamps. Inner layer It is resistant to corrosion, the middle one is reinforced with minerals, the outer one is shock and vibration resistant. The wear-resistant, smooth inner layer prevents deposits from forming. All parts of the Rehau system, sealing elements inclusive, are resistant to high temperatures and chemically aggressive environments, which allows them to be used in special-purpose networks. Rehau sewer pipes can be installed both in mines and in concrete, brickwork, suspended ceilings. Painting of products in White color, unlike traditional gray, allows them to be used for outdoor installation. Among the company's products, the Raupiano system stands out, preventing the spread of noise not only through the building structures, but also through the air. Its noise absorption properties exceed the most stringent international standards - German ones by 60%. The service life of Rehau systems is 50 years.
- The specialization of the Russian company Politek is production polymer pipes For engineering systems. Main types of company products:
- Fittings and pipes made of polypropylene for internal and external sewerage networks.
- Double-layer corrugated pipes made of HDPE (polyethylene) low pressure) increased strength.
- Drainage corrugated pipes.
Pipes and other sewerage elements are made of stabilized copolymerized polypropylene and are used for the construction of drainage free-flow systems. During the production of products, fire retardants are added to raw materials in order to obtain a flame retardant material. Due to these special additives, the upper temperature limit that the products can withstand increases. As a result, it is +95ºС, while for PVC this limit is 60ºС.
Modern cast iron sewer pipes
Despite the low popularity of cast iron products for sewerage installations, SML socketless systems are also successfully used today. They are made of cast iron, meeting all modern requirements. The most famous manufacturers in this area are Duker and Pam Global.
Features of these cast iron systems:
- The fittings and pipes of the system do not have the usual sockets, but are connected with clamps “joint to joint.” The clamps are made of stabilized of stainless steel High Quality. The cuff, which is inserted into the clamp itself, is made of chemically resistant rubber.
- The standard connection clamps are used for installing non-pressure sewer systems (0.5 bar). When installed over the ferrule connection clamp, the system can withstand internal pressures of up to 10 bar.
The use of clamps ensures ease of installation and dismantling of all elements of the sewer system - to give the required angle of rotation or release of any element, it is enough to loosen two clamps.
- Fittings and pipes are produced in accordance with European and international standards DIN 19522 / EN 877.
- Pipe diameter is 50-300 mm, length – 3 m.
- Application of socketless cast iron sewer meets the requirements of GOST 6942-98.
- An innovative and environmentally friendly coating based on modified epoxy resin reliably protects the inner surface of pipes from mechanical and chemical influences.
- The system is ideal for installation in multi-storey residential and office buildings, train stations and airports, supermarkets, hospitals, hotels, warehouses, underground parking lots, facilities with high requirements for noise and fire protection.
With many more buildings requiring replacement of old sewer lines, there is a high demand for modern systems forces manufacturers to increase production of sewer pipes. Its modern technologies do not require the use of huge rolling mills - a small workshop is enough. Some Russian factories are currently already able to compete with global brands in this area. In order for a new sewage system to be durable and inexpensive to operate, you need to be especially careful when choosing its manufacturer.
As you know, it depends not only on the quality of its installation, but also on the type of pipes used. That is why, before starting installation of a sewerage system at any site, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with existing varieties pipe products, their main characteristics, as well as which manufacturers of sewer pipes produce material of appropriate quality.
It should be noted that for a long time, cast iron pipes produced by our industry met the basic requirements for sewer lines.
Note! IN last decades cast iron products are gradually being forced out of the market by new samples of pipes manufactured according to the most modern technologies from different materials. And in their own way technical specifications Most of them are noticeably superior to the cast iron pipe products we are used to.
In accordance with the material used in the production process, all known samples of sewer pipes are divided into the following types:
- ceramic;
- metal (cast iron or steel);
- concrete pipes;
- plastic pipes (made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene or HDPE).
Let's consider each of these names of pipe products in more detail.
In the conveyor production of plastic sewer pipes, most manufacturers use the so-called extrusion method, through which a continuous process with a closed cycle is implemented.
The order of operations of this loop can be represented as follows:
- First, the granulated plastic enters a special extruder hopper.
- Using a special device (screw), the plastic granules are informed rotational movement, accompanied by their simultaneous melting by ring heaters.
- The molten plastic granules in the form of a thick mass then enter the extrusion head, where under high pressure they are formed into a continuous pipe with a certain diameter.
- The product thus formed is then moved to the vacuum processing area, where the pipe diameter is calibrated to a standard value.
- After this, in a series of cooling chambers, the temperature of the heated and molded workpiece is reduced to normal, after which it is cut into pieces of the required length.
- To draw the finished product, a special pulling device is used with tracks that reliably grip the pipe blank and allow it to be removed from the forming mechanism without any damage.
- All cycles of the continuous working process in the extruder are controlled using a special logical controller.
Note! Many foreign manufacturers PVC sewer pipes are made from low-quality plastic, since in European countries such products are used mainly for the construction of external networks. At the same time, tubular products made in Germany enjoy the highest reputation.
Before purchasing sewer pipes, it is very important to wisely choose a manufacturer whose products are characterized by the required reliability and long periods operation.
Wavin
Tubular products from Wavin, founded in 1955 and currently based in Zwolla (Holland). Back in the last century, its founder Johan Keller decided to deal with the main drawback water pipes– their corrosive destruction and the associated deterioration in the quality of drinking water. After he managed to do this, a number of European companies quickly mastered the production of products from the same material, but for sewer needs. After this, companies and factories producing products of this class began to spread throughout the world.
Pragma
Pragma polypropylene pipes differ from similar products from other manufacturers in the color of their walls and their structure.
Note! Outer shell Such pipes are orange in color and are made in the form of corrugation, while the inner walls are white and smooth.
The length of the produced blanks is 6 m, while at one end there is a rubber seal, and the second is shaped like a socket. Such pipes are intended mainly for operation in the simplest non-pressure mains (in external gravity sewer networks).
Corsis
Korsis sewer pipes are corrugated two-layer products made from propylene using Italian Polieco technology.
Note! Products from this company are used mainly for repairs and restoration work in storm and domestic sewage systems, as well as when laying in-depth communications capable of withstanding large radial loads.
In addition, such pipes are used to drain chemically active liquids and gases at temperatures environment from 0 to 45ºС. (in this case, a short-term increase to 95ºС is allowed). Korsis PRO sewer pipes with a diameter from 110 to 1200 mm and standard lengths of 6 and 12 m have rigidity that allows them to be laid without the use of a special protective case, i.e. directly under areas of possible surface loads (under road surfaces, for example).
Note! Korsis PRO pipe products are immediately recognizable by their smooth inner surface of light blue color, as well as by their corrugated outer walls, which are black protective covering with the addition of soot.
Ostendorf
Pipes under the name Ostendorf (Germany) are made from special high-quality polypropylene that absorbs sound well. They are used for arranging internal sewer networks and are compatible with products from other manufacturers. The presence of a centimeter scale on the outer wall, as well as the lightness of the material itself, greatly simplifies their installation.
Note! The service life of Ostendorf products is at least 100 years.
Rehau
The main advantage of pipe products from Rehau is their ability to absorb noise. This is facilitated by a special three-layer polymer structure, reinforced in the branching areas, as well as the use of special noise-absorbing clamps when joining.
Note! The inner layer of Rehau pipes is resistant to corrosion, the middle layer is reinforced with mineral additives, and the outer layer is shock- and vibration-resistant.
All elements of the Rehau pipe set, including special seals, are characterized by increased resistance to temperatures and aggressive environments, which allows their use in sewer networks of any type, laid in special shafts, in concrete (brickwork) or behind suspended ceilings. The pipes have a pleasant white color, allowing them to be used for outdoor installation. The maximum service life of Rehau products is at least 50 years.
Politek
The Russian company Politek specializes in the production of a wide range of elements of pipe systems, including the following items:
- fittings and pipe products made of polypropylene for internal and external installation;
- two-layer high-strength corrugated pipes made of low-density polyethylene (HDPE);
- drainage pipes.
Note! Most samples of Politek pipe products are made from stabilized polypropylene and are used in non-pressure sewer systems.
During their production in raw material To improve fire resistance, special substances are added - fire retardants. Due to this, the upper limit of temperatures that products of this class can withstand increases noticeably and amounts to +95ºС. (compare: for PVC pipes this figure is 60ºС).
Despite the fact that cast iron pipes are inferior to their plastic counterparts in many respects, the demand for some samples of these products (such, in particular, as socketless “Sml” systems) is still quite high. To the most well-known manufacturers Such pipes should include the companies "Duker" and "Pam Global", which produce products from cast iron.
- First of all, we draw your attention to the fact that the main elements of these systems (fittings, tees and pipes) do not have sockets, as such. Their connection is carried out using special clamps, providing joints of the “butt-to-end” type. It should be noted that the clamps are made of high-quality stainless steel, and the sealing collars use rubber that is resistant to aggressive environments.
- Most often, such clamps are used when installing non-pressure sewer systems with a pressure inside the pipes of no more than 0.5 bar. If a special crimp collar is mounted on top of the clamp, the system can be operated at internal pressures of up to 10 bar.
- The use of special connecting clamps in the system simplifies all procedures associated with its installation and disassembly. And indeed, for the task required angle bending the sewer channel or removing one of its elements, it is enough to loosen the fastening of the retaining clamps.
- The special fittings of such systems, as well as the pipes themselves, are manufactured in accordance with the DIN 19522 / EN 877 standards used in the international classification.
- Diameter cast iron pipes can vary from 50 to 300 mm, and their standard length is 3 m.
- All products from manufacturers of socketless cast iron products for sewer systems meet the standard requirements of GOST 6942-98.
- Special coating made from modified epoxy resins reliably protects such pipes from possible mechanical and chemical damage.
Pipe systems of this class are ideal for use in multi-storey buildings and office buildings, as well as in the premises of train stations, airports, hospitals, supermarkets, hotels, underground parking lots, warehouses, as well as in facilities with special requirements for the level of noise and fire protection.
Video
From the video you can learn about production polyethylene pipes extrusion method:
If you are interested in learning about the production of corrugated polypropylene pipes, then we invite you to familiarize yourself with the following video material:
The manufacturing process of ceramic-based sewer pipes is carried out using refractory clay, and their formation is made possible due to the functionality of the extruder. Subsequently, the products enter the oven, the temperature of which can reach 1300 °C. Next, the inner surface of the cylindrical structures is processed using clay glaze. On last stage pipes are placed in drying chamber, where at a temperature of 80 °C they are transformed into finished products.
Ceramic sewer pipes are created using the same technology as any other product made from this material:
- clay is cleaned of foreign impurities and large stones;
- it is crushed and then dried;
- the raw materials are added to the fireclay, a small amount of water is poured, then everything is mixed;
- the resulting mixture is distributed into molds;
- the product is placed in a drying chamber;
- glaze treatment is carried out;
- All parts are sent for firing, the temperature of which can reach 1300 °C.
Ceramic pipes: GOST requirements
Download the original GOST. A short excerpt is provided below.
Ceramic sewage products are produced in compliance with the standards established state standard 286-82:
- wall thickness – from 20 to 40 mm;
- the length of one segment in the form of a finished product is from 1000 to 1500 mm;
- internal diameter – from 100 to 600 mm, observing the assortment step of 50 mm;
- socket parameters - cross-section from 224 to 734 mm and depth from 60 to 70 mm;
- the curvature of the product is several millimeters depending on the internal diameter;
- ovality of the barrel and bell - no more than the existing values of the maximum deviation from the cross-section of the pipe and its size;
- permissible excess of the conicity of the funnel-shaped expansion is no more than 8 mm depending on the internal diameter;
- deviation from straightness - within 11 mm per meter of product with a cross section from 150 to 200 mm and 9 mm - from 300 to 600 mm.
The end of the pipe and the inner part of the extension must be cut in the form of 5 grooves, which is the minimum permissible number, with a depth of 2 mm.
After the products have cooled, tests are carried out involving the creation of a hydraulic pressure of 0.15 MPa. A positive result depends on the compliance of water absorption and acid resistance with the required values, where in the first case it should be no more than 8%, and in the second - no less than 93%.
Along with the listed GOST requirements, there is a mandatory compliance appearance products to certain criteria regulating the absence of:
- parts of the pipe surface free from glaze with the possibility of their presence on the inner wall within 1% and on the outer wall - 5%;
- cracks, defined as non-through, more than 1 mm wide on the surface of the socket shoulder;
- inclusions in the form of individual melts and foreign particles;
- cracks in the end part, regardless of whether they are through or not;
- any swelling on inside products;
- dents along the edges of the funnel-shaped expansion and on the end part of the cylindrical structure.
Diameter of ceramic pipes
| Diameter (mm) | Length (m) | Weight (kg/m.p.) |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 1,25 | 15 |
| 150 | 1,5 | 24 |
| 200 | 1.5 and 2.0 | 37 |
| 250 | 2,0 | 53 |
| 300 | 2,0 | 65 |
| 350 | 2,0 | 80 |
| 400 | 2.0 and 2.5 | 100 |
| 450 | 2,0 | 141 |
| 500 | 2.0 and 2.5 | 160 |
| 600 | 2.0 and 2.5 | 225 |
| 700 | 2,0 | 468 |
| 800 | 2,0 | 548 |
Physical properties
Ceramics has many advantages, which makes products made from this material attractive for sewer installations.
Wear resistance
Ceramics outperform factory-made metal structures in terms of their ability to resist wear.
Tightness
Clay processing high temperatures leads to its sintering. As a result ready product becomes quite airtight. This is due to certain characteristics of the raw material, which, under the influence of a temperature of 1100-1150 °C, reduces its porosity to minimum values.
Strength
Most of the external pipelines are laid in the ground, which results in increased mechanical loads. Typically, such impacts are smoothed out through optimal design and installation, taking into account the indicated nuance. This approach is reasonable, but it cannot completely eliminate the problem if the material used to make the pipes is relatively brittle.
Ceramic sewer structures eliminate the possibility of damage due to the mechanical impact exerted by the soil. The hardness of the material used and its resistance to loads of this type allow us to hope that over time, pipes made of ceramics will not crack, nor undergo fracture or ovalization.
Waterproof
The tightness of ceramics has been proven, which also confirms its water resistance. Therefore, ceramic products, including joints, reliably retain liquid inside an engineering structure made of pipes. The ability of the joints not to allow water to pass through is ensured by polyurethane seals, which are elastic couplings, the installation of which is carried out industrially. It is this fact that largely guarantees the sealing of the joints.
Speed of cleansing
The absence of roughness as such on the walls of the pipes ensures a high speed of movement of the solution, which in turn eliminates the possibility of blockages and sedimentation.
Chemical characteristics
The only thing that can lead to the destruction of ceramics is hydrofluoric acid. Otherwise, acidic solutions do not have negative impact for this material. Ceramics successfully resists:
The chemical resistance of ceramics to aggressive environments is within the pH range from 0 to 14.
When is it necessary to install ceramic pipes?
Frequent use detergents may lead to you having to think about installing ceramic products for the internal drainage system. This approach is optimal, since the enamel of such pipes, applied to their inner surface, successfully resists aggressive substances entering the sewer drains, regardless of their concentration.
As for external drainage, the installation of ceramic pipes is also justified here. The soil contains a sufficient concentration of substances that are chemically active, which can cause a pipeline made of conventional materials to fail. At the same time, ceramic structures have a lower cost for linear meter compared with similar products made of cast iron or concrete.
Cutting ceramic pipes
Angle grinders with diamond blades and for stone - these are tools with which you can cut ceramic products. At the same time, there are also special devices in the form of pipe cutters, designed to work specifically with ceramic products with a diameter of 50 to 150 mm. Although there are also models equipped with a long chain, which are capable of cutting products with a cross-section of up to 300 mm.
In practice, everything happens as follows:
- the chain is attached to the pipe along its circumference;
- the pipe cutter is turned on and the speed increases, which ultimately leads to compaction of the product consisting of links, with cutting elements cutting into the ceramics;
- when the corresponding pressure is reached, the structure collapses at the place where the chain is installed.
Installation nuances
The installation of ceramic sewerage must first be accompanied by the selection of appropriate pipes. It is necessary to carefully check the ends of the products for cracks and chips.
The assembly of a ceramic structure from pipes must be carried out in compliance with a certain slope of the entire system in the direction where the storage tank or central sewer is located. It is important to follow the installation rule, which states that the sockets of cylindrical products must be placed opposite the direction of movement of the drains.
If it is planned to install a sewerage system or a water drainage system, the joints of the sockets can be sealed using hemp, bitumen or resin fibers. In this case, a lock is installed on top from an ordinary cement solution, asbestos cement or asphalt mastic.
It is forbidden to fill the socket to the top with sealant. At least one third of the empty space required for pouring the solution should be left. When using mastic, do not forget to warm it up to 170 °C.
To fill the expansion with one of the above-mentioned compounds, a metal clip specially designed for this purpose is used, which is installed in the socket.
When installing cylindrical products in a funnel-shaped expansion, it is necessary to leave a gap of 5-6 mm if the cross-section of the structure does not exceed 300 mm, and 8-9 mm if pipes of a larger diameter are used.
You can simplify the assembly of a ceramic manifold by using links consisting of 2-5 pipes. Laying of products with a diameter from 150 to 250 mm is carried out on our own, and for the installation of larger products, special equipment is used.
Work on the installation of a ceramic line must be carried out exclusively as reflected in project documentation. Failure to comply with this provision may lead to the impossibility of operating the sewerage system.