It is heartfelt and multifaceted, like love itself in the poet’s life - a riot of feelings, contradictory and inspiring, resulted either in tragedy or drama. Five love stories, five women of the great poet left a mark on his life, in his heart and in his poems.
1. Katyusha Kruglikova
The first love of the famous poet was... a courtyard girl at the estate, Katyusha Kruglikova. It would seem an insignificant, simple and naive story, but... The relationship between the lovers went so far that Tyutchev’s influential parents had to intervene, who, of course, were against such a hobby for their son. Using their connections, they obtained permission for Fyodor to graduate from university early and sent him away from home - to St. Petersburg, and then to Munich, where Tyutchev would spend twenty-two years. Katyusha, after some time, was given her freedom, and then provided with a dowry and married off... She was Tyutchev’s only beloved to whom he did not devote his poems - perhaps because of the brevity and youth of their romance.
In Munich, Tyutchev’s heart was captured by the young and noble Amalia von Lerchenfeld, the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian King Frederick William III and Princess Thurn and Taxis. The beautiful Amalia reciprocated the passionately in love poet and agreed to his proposal, but her relatives were against it. Tyutchev was refused, and when he left Munich for a while, Amalia married his colleague, Baron Kruender. They say this caused a duel between them. Later, I remember walking with Amalia along the banks of the Danube, Tyutchev will write the poem “I Remember the Golden Time.”
I remember the golden time, I remember the dear land to my heart. The day was getting dark; there were two of us; Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared.
And on the hill, where the white ruin of the castle looks into the distance, you stood, young fairy, leaning on the mossy granite.
With an infant's foot touching the fragments of an age-old pile; And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye to the hill, and the castle, and you.
And the quiet wind, passing by, played with Your clothes, And from the wild apple trees, flower after flower, blew onto the shoulders of the young ones.
You looked carefree into the distance... The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays; The day was dying out; The River sang more sonorously in its darkened banks.
And you spent the happy day with carefree joy; And sweet is fleeting life A shadow flew over us.
The work is dedicated to Amalia, who throughout her life maintained friendly relations with the poet who was once in love with her.
Nee Countess Botmer, by her first husband - Peterson, becomes Tyutchev's first wife. The poet meets her in Munich, having arrived there as a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission. Their marriage was happy: Eleanor fell in love with Tyutchev instantly and loved selflessly, surrounding him with touching care. Tender and fragile, like a beautiful vision, she turned out to be a reliable support for her husband. Having taken over the entire economic part of the marital life, Eleanor, with a very modest income, was able to equip a cozy and hospitable home and ensure cloudless happiness for her family. And when, having moved to Turin, the Tyutchevs found themselves in a difficult financial situation, Eleanor herself went to the auction and took care of home improvement, protecting her mopey husband from these worries. However, Eleanor's poor health was undermined by overwork and nervous shock: it was caused by the shipwreck of the steamship "Nicholas I", on which Eleanor sailed to her husband with her children. The woman refused long-term treatment and never recovered from the disease: soon a cold hit Eleanor, and she died at the age of 37. Tyutchev’s grief was so great that, sitting at his wife’s coffin, he turned gray in a few hours. In 1858, on the anniversary of Eleanor’s death, the poet wrote poems dedicated to her memory:
At the hours when it happens
It's so heavy on my chest
And the heart languishes,
And darkness is only ahead;
Without strength and without movement,
We're so depressed
What even consolation
Friends are not funny to us,
Suddenly a ray of sunshine welcomes you!
He will sneak in to us
And the fire-colored one will splash
Stream, along the walls;
And from the supportive firmament,
From the azure heights
Suddenly the air is fragrant
There's a smell coming through the window...
Lessons and tips
They don't bring us
And from fate slander
They won't save us.
But we feel their strength,
We hear them grace,
And we yearn less
And it's easier for us to breathe...
So sweet and gracious
Airy and light
to my soul a hundredfold
Your love was there.
Tyutchev became interested in Baroness Dernberg while still married to Eleanor: he shared a spiritual closeness with Ernestina, and the poet could not resist. He wrote about her:
I love your eyes, my friend,
With their fiery-wonderful play,
When you suddenly lift them up
And, like lightning from heaven,
Take a quick look around the whole circle...
But there is a stronger charm:
Eyes downcast
In moments of passionate kissing,
And through lowered eyelashes
A gloomy, dim fire of desire.
His frequent meetings with the Baroness led Tyutchev’s legal wife to attempt suicide (although unsuccessful), after which Fyodor Ivanovich promised to end his relationship with Ernestina - but was unable to do so. Ernestina followed Tyutchev to Turin, and two years after Eleanor’s death, the poet proposed to the baroness. Ernestina was rich, beautiful, smart - and generous. She will forgive her husband for betrayal, and one day, after a long break, the family will be reunited again.
5. Elena Deniseva
Another dramatic love story of Tyutchev is the young lover Elena Denisyeva, a student of the institute where Tyutchev’s daughters studied. To meet with her, the poet rented a separate apartment and, when the secret relationship became obvious, he practically created a second family. For 14 years, Tyutchev, as had happened once before, was torn between two beloved women - his legal and “common-law” wife - he tried unsuccessfully to make peace with the first and could not part with the second. But Elena suffered much more from this destructive passion: her father and friends abandoned her, she could forget about her career as a maid of honor - all doors were now closed to her. Denisyeva was ready to make such sacrifices, she was ready to remain an illegitimate wife and felt absolutely happy, registering her children with the surname Tyutchev - not understanding that this emphasized their “illegal” origin. She idolized him, believing “that his wife was more important to him than his ex-wives” and, indeed, she lived his entire life. Anyone who could object to the fact that she was the “real Tyutcheva” could become a victim of Denisyeva’s nervous attack, which already signaled her ill health. Constant worries, caring for children, and the birth of her third child completely exhausted her - consumption worsened, and Denisyeva died in the arms of her lover, not even reaching the age of forty... Many of Tyutchev’s most piercing poems, united in “ Denisievsky cycle". One of the most famous among them is “Last Love”.
Fyodor Tyutchev lived among three families"Oh, how murderously we love..."
Love, love - says the legend -
Union of the soul with the dear soul -
Their connection, combination,
And their fatal merger.
And... the fatal duel...
And which one is more tender?
In the unequal struggle of two hearts,
The more inevitable and more certain,
Loving, suffering, sadly melting,
It will finally wear out... 
There is probably no person whose native language is Russian, who would not know the name Tyutchev, would not have heard him “I love the thunderstorm at the beginning of May”, “Winter is angry in vain, its time has passed”, “We are not given to predict how our word will respond " and, of course, the textbook "You can't understand Russia with your mind..." But perhaps not everyone knows that Tyutchev spent more than twenty years of his life in Germany, that it was here that he formed as a poet, that many of his masterpieces were written here and that the most famous, probably, Russian romance “I met you - and everything that was past came to life in an obsolete heart...” is dedicated to a German woman. 
His lyrics leave no one indifferent. An unsurpassed master of the poetic word, Fyodor Tyutchev knew how to love without reserve. He didn’t understand the word “treason” and was sincerely surprised, why couldn’t he love two or three women at once if he couldn’t live without them? And 90 years ago there was a meeting in his life that gave life to an immortal poem.
I met you -
and everything of the past
In an obsolete heart
came to life...
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
Who doesn’t know these Tyutchev lines that make hearts flutter? They, just like Pushkin’s “I remember a wonderful moment...” - from the depths of the soul, are close to everyone... These poems might never have appeared if not for that meeting that happened almost 90 years ago.
...Fyodor Tyutchev, a graduate of Moscow University, was enlisted in the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1822. He goes to Munich, to the post of supernumerary official of the Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria.
It was here, abroad, that his personal life began, full of passions and sorrows; here he began to create amazing poems dedicated to his lovers. Here he meets his first love, marries for the first time, experiences the death of his first wife, marries a second time, experiencing ardent feelings. 
Amalia von Krüdener
At one of the social events, a 19-year-old boy meets the charming Amalia Lerchenfeld. She is the natural daughter of the Prussian King Frederick William III. The beauty amazed him with her education and depth of soul, despite the fact that she was only 14 years old. Tyutchev was bewitched by her. They exchanged watch chains as a sign of eternal love. But the parents of the young beauty found her another groom - Tyutchev’s colleague Baron Krudener. 
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...Tyutchev is 66 years old, and Amalia is 61. Fyodor Ivanovich is the chamberlain of the court, chairman of the censorship committee at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He came to Carlsbad for treatment. Among the Russian and European nobility vacationing here, he suddenly saw her. And again my heart began to flutter. They wandered the streets of Carlsbad together, remembering their first meeting at the ball, dreams that were not destined to come true. After one of these walks, the poet wrote down a poem. These words seemed to be dictated to him from above: “I met you...” 
And three years later, paralyzed, he was dying heavily. One day, opening his eyes, he suddenly saw his Amalia at his bedside. A tear slowly rolled down his cheek. Her hand was in his hand. She was crying too.
In her face, the past of my best years came to give me a farewell kiss,” he dictated a letter to his daughter to the nurse, telling about this meeting. This was one of the last letters. A whole life passed between these meetings. Amalia was his first love, beautiful, romantic, but hardly the strongest.
Amalia outlived Tyutchev by 15 years. He dedicated poems to her: “I remember the golden time...”, “Your sweet gaze”, “I met”, “I knew her back then...”.
... Ernestina Pfeffel (Dernberg in her first marriage) and Elena Denisyeva. One is a wife, the other is a mistress. The first is a mature woman, and the second is very young. And both were so dear to him that parting with each of them was tantamount to death. Long years of suffering from an acute sense of guilt in front of both. He dedicated a lot of love lyrics to both of them. From these verses it is clear: he loved each of the women to the utmost of his soul. This life of rupture lasted for 14 long years. Carrying Lelya is his joy and pain.
Ernestine appeared in his heart when he was in his first marriage - with Eleanor. She is a little older, but more experienced, and has four children from her first husband. “Never has a single person loved another as she loves me,” Tyutchev wrote about Eleanor to his parents. 
Eleanor, Countess Bothmer (1800-1838), in Peterson's first marriage, close friend, beloved woman, wife of the poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev.
I still languish with the longing of desires,
I still strive for you with my soul -
And in the twilight of memories
I still catch your image...
Your sweet image, unforgettable,
He is in front of me everywhere, always,
Unattainable, unchangeable,
Like a star in the sky at night...
Eleanor gave him three daughters. Their serene marriage did not last long. At the ball, the young poet meets Ernestine Dörnberg, one of the first beauties of Munich. Ernestina's husband, dying, instructed Tyutchev to take care of the young widow. The poet fulfilled his will in full.
He dedicated many poems to Ernestine, here is one of them: “I love your eyes, my friend...”. 
Soon, well-wishers reported to Eleanor about their secret meetings. In a fit of despair, the woman grabbed a dagger and inflicted several wounds on herself in the chest. The doctors managed to pump the poor thing out.
This love scandal almost ruined the career of the young diplomat. Tyutchev is sent to Turin - out of harm's way. He said goodbye forever to his Ernestina. But it happened differently. Two years later, Eleanor died. Overnight the poet turned gray with grief. And even ten years after her death, he wrote in a poem dedicated to her: “I am still tormented by the anguish of desires...” And a year after the death of his adored wife, he married Ernestina. 
Baroness Ernestina Pfeffel (1810-1894), in her first marriage Baroness Dernberg, Tyutchev’s second wife
I love your eyes, my friend,
With their fiery-wonderful play,
When you suddenly lift them up
And, like lightning from heaven,
Take a quick look around the whole circle...
At the end of 1844, Tyutchev with his wife and two children from his second marriage moved from Munich to St. Petersburg. His daughters from his first marriage, Daria and Ekaterina, studied at the Smolny Institute. Elena Denisyeva, a girl from an impoverished noble family, also studied there. She was 23 years younger than the poet. 
Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva (1826-1864), the poet’s last love
Denisyeva, rejected by “society” and having gone through many trials, died early.
Their secret meetings began in 1851. Elena's father, having learned about this shameful relationship, renounced her. The doors of all decent houses were closed for the poor thing. They soon had a daughter. “I have nothing to hide, and there is no need to hide from anyone: I am more his wife than his ex-wives,” she wrote, “and no one in the world has ever loved and appreciated him as much as I love and appreciate him, never no one understood him the way I understand him..."
What about Ernestine? She preferred to pretend that she knew nothing about her husband’s secret life. She often went abroad, spending most of her time with the children on the Tyutchev family estate in Ovstug, while her husband lived with Denisyeva in Moscow and traveled with her around Europe. The lovers had three children. He idolized her, considering her his last love, but he could not imagine his existence without Ernestine. However, their relationship with Ernestina in those years was limited to correspondence only.
Oh, how murderously we love,
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
How long ago, proud of my victory,
You said: she is mine...
A year has not passed - ask and find out,
What was left of her?
Where did the roses go?
The smile of the lips and the sparkle of the eyes?
Everything was scorched, tears burned out
With its flammable moisture.
Do you remember, when you met,
At the first fatal meeting,
Her magical gaze and speech,
And the laughter of a child is alive?
So what now? And where is all this?
And how long was the dream?
Alas, like northern summer,
He was a passing guest!
Fate's terrible sentence
Your love was for her
And undeserved shame
She laid down her life!
A life of renunciation, a life of suffering!
In her spiritual depths
She was left with memories...
But they changed them too.
And on earth she felt wild,
The charm is gone...
The crowd surged and trampled into the mud
What bloomed in her soul.
And what about the long torment?
How did she manage to save the ashes?
Pain, the evil pain of bitterness,
Pain without joy and without tears!
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
He wrote these lines about Elena. She fell ill with consumption and died after giving birth to their youngest child, Fedya. Tyutchev blames himself for her death, and repentance does not leave him. On the anniversary of her death, he will write a poem where he again recalls his love for Denisyeva: “Today, my friend, 15 years have passed...”
Daughter Lelya did not live long; she, like her mother, also died of consumption. The next day, his and Lena’s son died from the same disease.
The third child from Denisyeva was raised by Ernestina. And 62-year-old Tyutchev, trying to heal a mental wound, started an affair with a friend of his late mistress, Elena Bogdanova. His relatives learned about the existence of another common-law wife of the poet only from his will. He brought Hortense Lapp with him from Germany three years before he met Denisieva. Tyutchev bequeathed his general's pension to her and their common sons, which by law was due to the widow, Ernestina.
This is what I wanted to tell you today about the poet’s lovers, who became his muses and inspired him to create wonderful poems. We were convinced that the love lyrics reflected his personal life, full of passions and tragedies.
Now it is fashionable to talk about love. But here is an example of the love of a great man, Tyutchev. I would like to know your opinion, dear readers, about the life and love of this genius of Russian literature. Would you like your loved one to treat you the way Tyutchev treated his passions?
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Slide captions:
Tyutchev F. And the poet’s favorite women.
A. M. Kryudener Beloved F. I. Tyutchev. Portrait by I. Stiller, 1830s. K.B. I met you - and everything that was before came to life in an obsolete heart; I remembered the golden time - And my heart felt so warm... July 26, 1970
Email Tyutcheva, the first wife of the poet Hood. And Scheller, 1827. The poet’s first wife was Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer. From this marriage there were three daughters: Anna, Daria and Ekaterina.
Ern. Tyutcheva, the second wife of the poet Lithograph by G. Bodmer from the original by J. Stiller. Widowed, the poet married Ernestine Dernberg, née Baroness Pfeffel, in 1839. Maria and Dmitry were born to them in Munich, and their youngest son Ivan was born in Russia.
E. A. Denisyeva The poet's last love. Photograph 1860s Oh, how murderously we love, How in the violent blindness of passions We most certainly destroy that which is dear to our hearts! 1851 Oh, how in our declining years we love more tenderly and more superstitiously... Shine, shine, farewell light of last Love, the dawn of the evening! 1854
Thanks to communication with these women, Tyutchev created amazing poems. What role did each of them play in Tyutchev’s life and work? Different, but with every right one can say about each of them: “You loved, and as you loved, no, no one has ever succeeded.”
How it was... 1921. Tyutchev had just graduated from Moscow University with a candidate’s degree in literary sciences and was appointed to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg. At the home council, it was decided that with Fedenka’s brilliant abilities it was possible to make a career as a diplomat. And in the middle of 1822, Tyutchev went to Germany to Munich, where he received a position as an official at the Russian mission. No one knew that his departure would result in separation.
It was here, abroad, that his personal life began, full of passions and sorrows; here he began to create amazing poems dedicated to his lovers. Here he meets his first love, marries for the first time, experiences the death of his first wife, marries a second time, experiencing ardent feelings.
A. M. Krudener: “We met in the second half of 1823. I was five years younger than him. My father was a diplomat. We felt sympathy for each other. We often took walks along the beautiful Danube. The poem is inspired by the memory of those times: “I remember the golden time...”
“Your sweet look...” However, the girl’s parents were against our marriage. Tyutchev was heartbroken. His mood was reflected in the poem “K N.”
30 years after their last meeting (1870), they saw each other again in Karsbaden for treatment in the summer of 1870. At this time, all the European and Russian nobility came here, many knew Tyutchev. But the most joyful thing was the meeting with Amalia. Walks with an elderly but still attractive countess inspired Tyutchev to create the wonderful poem “I Met You...” (the poem is based on the romance “I Met You”).
His last meeting took place on March 31, 1873; the paralyzed poet saw Amalia at his bedside. His face brightened, tears appeared in his eyes. He looked at her for a long time without saying a word. Amalia outlived Tyutchev by 15 years. He dedicated poems to her: “I remember the golden time...”, “Your sweet gaze”, “I met”, I knew her...”.
Eleanor Peterson: In the summer of 1825, having received a refusal from Amalia’s parents, Tyutchev went on vacation and returned in 1826. And on March 5th Tyutchev’s wedding. I am the widow of a Russian diplomat (Eleanor Peterson was four years older.) No one knew about our wedding, not even the poet’s parents. After all, I was a Lutheran, and he was of the Orthodox faith. Difficulties arose not only in obtaining parental blessings, but also church permission. We hid our marriage. To say that I loved Tyutchev is an understatement; I idolized him.
Tyutchev wrote: “Never would a person become as loved by another person as I am loved by her; for eleven years there was not a single day in her life when, in order to strengthen my happiness, she would not agree, without a moment’s hesitation, to die for me. She, without a moment’s hesitation, is ready to die for me.”
In 1838, Eleanor Peterson experienced a terrible shock: “A fire on the ship where I was with three children. This accident ruined my health." The cold and anxiety took their toll. 3 months after this event, Eleanor died in suffering. The death of his wife shocked Tyutchev. He turned gray overnight. He dedicated this poem to her: “I am still tormented by the anguish of desire...”
I still languish with the longing of desires, I still strive for you with my soul - And in the twilight of memories I still catch your image... Your sweet image is unforgettable, It is before me everywhere, always, Unattainable, unchanging, Like a star on you at night...
Tyutchev was not a monogamist. He could passionately adore two women at once. The women he loved responded to him with an even more selfless and selfless feeling. He sometimes knew how to make women fall in love with him at first sight.
In 1836 he met and fell in love with Ernestine Dernberg, a young widow seven years younger than the poet. She was one of the first beauties of Munich, her beauty was combined with a brilliant mind and excellent education (show portrait). He dedicated many poems to Ernestine, one of them: “I love your eyes”...
I love your eyes, my friend. With their fiery, wonderful play, When you suddenly lift them up. And like heavenly lightning, you will quickly glance around the whole circle. But there is a stronger charm, Eyes downcast. In moments of passionate kissing, And through lowered eyelashes. A gloomy, dim fire of desire.
A year after the death of his first wife in 1839, he married Ernestina. And in the fall of 1844, together with his wife and younger children Maria and Dmitry, he returned to Russia to St. Petersburg. Daughters from their first marriage remain temporarily in Germany under the supervision of their aunts. In 1845 he would bring his daughters to Russia. Daria and Ekaterina will study at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. Together with her daughters she was brought up at the Smolny Institute and E.A. Deniseva.
E. A. Denisyeva This woman became the poet’s last love. She was both bliss and hopelessness for him. He dedicated a whole cycle of poems about love to Denisyeva, which was called “Denisyevsky cycle.” It contains 21 poems.
I knew the eyes - oh, those eyes! How I loved them, God knows! I couldn’t tear my soul away from their magical, passionate night. In this incomprehensible gaze, revealing life to the bottom, such grief was heard, such depth of passion! He breathed sadly, deeply, In the shadow of her thick eyelashes, Like pleasure, tired, And like suffering, fatal. And in these wonderful moments I never had the opportunity to meet him without excitement and admire him without tears. 1852
E. A. Denisyeva: “I belonged to an old but impoverished noble family. She lost her mother early and was in the care of her aunt, an inspector at the Smolny Institute. She loved me like a daughter. She started taking it out into the world early. We visited the Tyutchevs’ house and met Fyodor Ivanovich in Smolny when he visited his daughters. Our relationship resulted in a social scandal.”
“Oh, how in our declining years...” Oh, how in our declining years we love more tenderly and more superstitiously... Shine, shine, farewell light, Last love, evening dawn! Half of the sky was covered in shadow, Only there, in the west, does the radiance wander, - Slow down, slow down, evening day, Last, last, charm. Let the blood in the veins become scarce, But the tenderness in the heart does not become scarce... Oh, you, last love! You are both bliss and hopelessness.
These poems are confessions. Tyutchev perceives love sublimely. Love is joy, struggle, torment, hopelessness
E. A. Denisyeva: “However, Tyutchev did not break with his family and could never have decided to do so. Attachment for his wife was combined with love for me, and this introduced a painful duality into his attitude towards both women. The doors of houses where I had previously been a welcome guest were forever closed in front of me. My father disowned me."
E. A. Denisyeva: This joyful, but also painful love lasted for 14 years. We lived in a civil marriage. We had three children. All of them bore the surname Tyutchev. A painful duality tormented him.
Denisieva’s cycle of poems entered the treasury of world poetry, and E. Denisieva, thanks to her poems, gained immortality. August 4, 1864 E. Denisyeva dies of transient scabies. Tyutchev blames himself for her death, repentance does not leave. On the anniversary of her death, he will write a poem where he again recalls his love for Denisyeva: “Today, my friend, 15 years have passed...”
2 years after the poet’s death, Ernestina, looking through her herbarium, found a piece of paper with the verses: “I don’t know whether grace will touch my painfully sinful soul...” These lines, addressed to his wife and associated with his love for Denisyeva, were written by the poet in 1851 year
“It was a whole event in my life,” Ernestina will say. You never cease to be amazed at the strength of this woman’s love, her ability to forgive, when you read that Ernestina, who saw Denisyeva’s suffering, will say: “His grief is sacred to me, whatever the reason.” Aksakov wrote: “What was her joy and sorrow when reading this greeting, such a sepulchral greeting, such recognition of her wife’s feat, her deed of love. The wife outlived Tyutchev by 21 years.
questions: What is love in Tyutchev’s view, what was it for the poet? How does Tyutchev portray his beloved?
Love for Tyutchev: This is bliss and hopelessness, this is life, this is joy, this is happiness, this is tenderness, this is suffering, this is tears, sorrow, separation, jealousy, this is a means of spiritual insight.
Tyutchev managed to reflect the inconsistency of this feeling in his love lyrics. Love, according to Tyutchev, brings him both happiness and suffering, this is a fatal duel of two hearts, this is a struggle, in it there is a winner and a loser. The main thing that Tyutchev saw and highly appreciated in a woman was the strength of feeling, her ability for feat, for self-sacrifice, for dedication. Of course, one can have different attitudes towards Tyutchev’s fatal suffering towards different women. But the poet is beyond condemnation. His justification is the love of the women who idolized him. You must have a lot of inner virtues to be loved by such women. Tyutchev was unusually gallant, exquisitely polite with women, and this was attractive, this attracted women to the poet. In addition, he was a brilliant conversationalist and a fascinating storyteller.
Opening of the monument to F.I. Tyutchev, dedicated to his 200th anniversary in the city of Bryansk.
AND The life of a poet must be painful, with tears and fractures, otherwise poems capable of shocking and captivating will not be born. And when love becomes the drama of his life - not simple, not sanctified by the church, not accepted by society - his work becomes piercingly eternal. Such is the fate of the Russian love singer Fyodor Tyutchev. His heart was torn in half between two women: his friend, his faithful wife, the mother of his children, his idolized beloved Ernestina Fedorovna Tyutcheva and the young
Lelei Denisyeva - his last and great earthly passion. Fyodor Ivanovich bore the ancient noble coat of arms and the title of chamberlain of His Majesty's court. Having been widowed, he was happily married for the second time to a noble, proud woman worthy of the love of a great poet,
had adult children and a “warm place” as a senior St. Petersburg censor. But the decline of his life was not bright, quiet and joyful. He, who had fallen in love with experienced married women more than once in his life, was shocked at the age of forty-seven by a strong passion for a young girl. It was about her that he wrote:
“Oh, how in our declining years
We love more tenderly and more superstitiously.
Shine! Shine, farewell light
Last love, the dawn of evening.”
But he could not tear out of his heart the holy love for his wife, whom, as he himself was painfully aware, he had mortally offended by his open relationship with a young woman. His passionate, love-filled letters to the wise and proud beauty Ernestine were not preserved: she herself burned them before his eyes when her husband’s persistent betrayal began to bring unbearable suffering to the loving woman. And about this, too, there are bitter poetic lines from the poet, tormented by passions:
"She was sitting on the floor
And I sorted through a pile of letters,
And, like cooled ash,
She took them in her hands and threw them..."
But in the end everyone suffered. Fyodor Ivanovich himself suffered endlessly, continuing to adore his wife and passionately, in an earthly way, adore young Lelya. His young mistress suffered, strictly and categorically condemned by society for this broken marriage. Tyutchev did not need to invent passions for his works. He simply wrote down what he saw with his own eyes, what he experienced with his own heart.
Love for someone else's husband forced Lelya to lead a strange life. She herself remained the “Maiden Deniseva,” and her children bore the surname Tyutchev. A surname, but not a noble coat of arms. Her situation was very reminiscent of the one in which Princess Dolgorukaya, the morganatic wife of Alexander II, lived for many years. But unlike her confidante in misfortune, Lelya Denisyeva was not so strong in spirit, and even her
the beloved is not so omnipotent. From the abnormality of her position, the open contempt of society, often visited by needs, she suffered from consumption, which slowly but surely brought the still young woman to the grave.
Seeing the slow dying of the woman he adored, Tyutchev panicked. Taking advantage of his close acquaintances at court, he invited the most famous doctors to Lela. But even the life doctors could not do anything: consumption was the result of constant emotional distress and it was useless to treat it with medical means. The poet saw with sadness how his last love and the last meaning of life were fading away. Tyutchev was very well aware of the significance of Lelya for his life, and he was not mistaken.
Her health was undermined by frequent childbirth. Lelya gave birth to her last child two months before her death. From the former beauty, gaiety, life, only a ghost remained - pale, almost weightless... Lelya Denisyeva died in Tyutchev’s arms on August 4, 1864, fourteen years after the start of their painful romance.
“All day she lay in oblivion, And shadows covered her all...”- the poet later wrote about these terrible days. Heartbroken in front of the cooling body of his beloved woman, Tyutchev... writes to his wife. To the only one most dear among the remaining living people. He writes that his life has lost its meaning.
For a long time he could not believe Lelya’s death. He was no longer young, he was completely ill, he was hunched over, but he could not return home to his rich mansion, under the care of his still loving wife. He suffered quietly in a small, inconspicuous house on quiet Kolomenskaya, where Lelya lived, surrounded by his younger illegitimate children - Lelya's children. And he slowly went crazy.
Seeing this, Ernestina Fedorovna once again stepped over her pride and came to him herself. To muffle his pain, to tear him away from the places where everything reminded him of Lelya, she took him - sick, submissive - from Russia. The poet's wife and eldest daughters, who forgave him for his betrayal of his mother at the sight of this desperate grief, transported him from resort to resort, showed him to the best doctors, and with noble tact tried to entertain and distract him. But he didn't want to forget. He could not find peace anywhere, constantly moving from place to place until his death. The Paris Exhibition of 1867, high-society St. Petersburg, swaggering Geneva, brilliant Nice, resorts, resorts... Everywhere he felt her presence, he compared his impressions with her. And on the anniversary of her death, Tyutchev’s longing for Lela was just as piercing:
“Tomorrow is a day of prayer and sorrow
Tomorrow is the memory of the fateful day...
My angel, wherever souls hover
My angel, do you see me?
Tyutchev outlived Lelya by nine years and died in Italy, far from her dear grave. But his last gratitude still went to Ernestina Fedorovna - faithful, loving, all-forgiving:
“The executing god took everything from me:
Health, willpower, air, sleep,
He left you alone with me,
So that I could still pray to him.”
Elena ROMANOVA.
http://www.passion.ru/s.php/1839.htm |
Interesting facts from Tyutchev’s life related to his beloved women.
Tyutchev was adored by women, they idolized him. Fyodor Ivanovich was never a Don Juan, a libertine, or a womanizer. He adored women and they responded in kind. His many beautiful lyrical poems are dedicated specifically to women.
1. Fyodor Tyutchev in 1822 was appointed as a freelance official at the diplomatic mission in Munich
In the spring of 1823 (he was 23 years old) he met in Munich the very young (15-16 years old) Countess Amalia Lörchenfeldor (better known as Krüdener). At the time they met, Amalia knew that she was very beautiful and had already learned to command men. Pushkin, Heine and the Bavarian King Ludwig were also fond of it. And Tyutchev (as he was called Theodor) was modest, sweet, always embarrassed when meeting her, but was very helpful in his relations with Amalia. They began to sympathize with each other, exchanged watch chains (Tyutchev gave her a gold one, and she gave him a silk one). They walked together a lot around Munich, through its beautiful suburbs, and on the banks of the beautiful Danube.
In 1824, Fyodor Tyutchev gave Amalia the poem “Your sweet gaze, full of innocent passion...”, and also decided to ask Amalia’s hand in marriage from her parents. The girl herself agreed, but her parents did not, because they did not like the fact that Tyutchev was young, not rich, not titled. A little later, Amalia’s parents agreed to marry Tyutchev’s colleague, several years older than him, Baron Alexander Krudener.
Tyutchev was offended to the depths of his soul. Until the end of their days, Fyodor Tyutchev and Amalia Krudener remained spiritual friends. In 1836, Tyutchev wrote another poem, which he dedicated to Amalia “I remember the golden time...”, and in 1870 - “K.B.”:
I met you - and everything is gone
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time
And my heart felt so warm
2. Time, as we know, heals, and in 1826 Fyodor Tyutchev secretly married Eleanor Peterson, who was the widow of diplomat Alexander Peterson. She left four sons from her first marriage. Emilia-Eleanor Peterson was from the old count family of Bothmer. Eleanor was three years older than Fyodor Tyutchev. Their marriage lasted twelve years, they had three daughters. The first seven years of their family life were the happiest for Fyodor Tyutchev. Why are the other five years not so happy? Eleanor loved her husband very much, they simply idolized him. But in 1833 she finds out. that her husband became interested in Ernestina Dernberg, née Pfeffel (at that moment she was married to Baron Fritz Dernberg). She was one of the most beautiful girls in Munich. Well-bred, from the family of a Bavarian diplomat. In those years, Eleanor gained a little weight and became more domestic. And it’s not surprising. House, husband, children... And Ernestina was very young, many people liked her. So there was someone to be jealous of her husband. For Eleanor, this was a strong blow. She even tried to commit suicide by stabbing herself in the chest several times with a masquerade dagger.
After the publicity of all the events related to Tyutchev’s novel and Eleanor’s suicide attempt, Fyodor Ivanovich is transferred to work in the city of Turin. Eleanor forgave her husband because she loved him very much. They return to Russia, but after some time Tyutchev returned to Europe. In 1838, Eleanor, along with her three little daughters, boarded a ship to Lubeck to visit her husband. But on the night from 18 to 19 there was a strong fire on the ship. Eleanor suffered a great shock while saving her children. All these events completely undermined her health, and in August 1838, Eleanor died in the arms of her beloved husband. Tyutchev was so stunned by the death of his wife. that he turned gray overnight. Ten years after her death, he will write the poem “I am still languishing with the longing of desires...”
3. Already in 1839, Tyutchev married his beloved Ernestina Dernberg. Ernestina is beautiful, educated, very smart and she is very close to Tyutchev. He writes poems to her: “I love your eyes, my friend...”, “Dream”, “Upstream of your life”, “She was sitting on the floor...”, “The executing God took everything from me...etc.
These poems strikingly combine earthly love, marked by sensuality, passion, even demonism, and an unearthly, heavenly feeling. There is anxiety in the poems, fear of the possible “abyss” that may appear before those who love, but the lyrical hero tries to overcome these abysses. Tyutchev writes about his new wife: “... do not worry about me, for I am protected by the devotion of the creature, the best ever created by God. I won’t tell you about her love for me; even you might find it excessive. But what I cannot praise enough is her tenderness towards children and care for them, for which I don’t know how to thank her. The loss they had suffered was almost compensated for them... two weeks later the children became as attached to her as if they had never had another mother.”
Ernestina adopted all of Eleanor's daughters, and Tyutchev and Eleanor had three more children together - daughter Maria and two sons Dmitry and Ivan.
4. Unfortunately, Tyutchev was in love and he cheated on his wife often, and after 11 years of marriage he completely lost interest in her, since he was in love with Lelya Denisyeva. Elena Alexandrovna was from an impoverished noble family, her mother died when she was still little, her father married a second time, and Lelya was raised by her aunt. Lelya Denisyeva was 23 years younger than Tyutchev. How their relationship began and where their relationship began is unknown, but here’s what they said about Tyutchev’s relationship with Lelya: “The poet’s passion grew gradually until it finally evoked on Denisyeva’s part such a deep, so selfless, so passionate and energetic love that it embraced all of him.” creature, and he remained forever her prisoner...” But in the end, everyone suffered. Fyodor Ivanovich himself suffered endlessly, continuing to adore his wife and passionately, in an earthly way, adore young Lelya. His young mistress suffered, severely and categorically condemned by society for this broken marriage. Tyutchev did not need to invent passions for his works. He simply wrote down what he saw with his own eyes, what he experienced with his own heart.
Love for someone else's husband forced Lelya to lead a strange life. She herself remained the “Maiden Deniseva,” and her children bore the surname Tyutchev. A surname, but not a noble coat of arms. Her situation was very reminiscent of the one in which Princess Dolgorukaya, the morganatic wife of Alexander II, lived for many years. But unlike her confidante in misfortune, Lelya Denisyeva was not so strong in spirit, and her lover was not so omnipotent. From the abnormality of her position, the open contempt of society, often visited by needs, she suffered from consumption, which slowly but surely brought the still young woman to the grave.
Tyutchev was very well aware of the importance of Lelya for his life, and he was not mistaken. Her health and frequent childbirth were undermined. Lelya gave birth to her last child two months before her death. From the former beauty, gaiety, life, only a ghost remained - pale, almost weightless... Lelya Denisyeva died in Tyutchev’s arms on August 4, 1864, fourteen years after the start of their painful romance.
Tyutchev did not break with his family. He loved both of them: his legal wife Ernestina Dernberg and illegitimate Elena Denisyeva and suffered immensely because he was unable to respond to them with the same completeness and undivided feeling with which they treated him. Tyutchev outlived Lelya by nine years and died far from dear to her grave in Italy. But his last gratitude still went to Ernestina Fedorovna - faithful, loving, all-forgiving:
The executing god took everything from me:
Health, willpower, air, sleep,
He left you alone with me,
What else could I pray to him?”
Fyodor Tyutchev called his legal wife Ernestina Fedorovna - Nesti, and Elena Alexandrovna - Lyolya
Here are some interesting facts from Tyutchev’s life in brief.
Used: Interesting