DIY home decoration. Handmade

The hut is naturally the most important element of the holiday, from which the name comes.

Hut - סוכה suka (Hebrew). From this word comes the name of the holiday, Sukkot. Why a hut?
The Torah answers in the book of Vayikra, in ch. 23rd: “You shall live in booths for seven days: every native inhabitant of Israel must live in a booth, so that all your generations may know that I lodged the children of Israel in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt.”
What were these huts in which the Jews lived after leaving Egypt?
It is believed that we are talking about huts in the literal sense of the word: temporary buildings in which nomads usually live in the desert.

The hut should not be located under any building, it cannot be covered with any canopy, it must be in the open air.

The hut should have a roof made of cut branches, which on the one hand should not be solid, the stars should be visible through it at night, and on the other, it should be thick enough to provide shade during the day. You can use a mat as a roof. This is important, since many people live in huts for the entire week of the holiday, that is, they sleep and eat.

I would say that a modern hut is not very aesthetically pleasing on the outside, but it is cheap, reliable and practical... On the other hand, what kind of aesthetics can be demanded from the housing of nomads in the desert? :)

Often we see fabric a budget option hut, which is sold in stores.

Turns out fabric version has been known since ancient times: the Babylonian Talmud tells us about the use of panels as the walls of a hut. Some of the decorations of the hut were hung on these walls, the rest hung from the walls. solid roof. The use of sheets in our area, in Eretz Israel, is fully consistent with the hot climate. The Talmud describes these sheets as being painted, and on them were hung nuts and fruits such as peaches, pomegranates, grapes, as well as wreaths of ears of grain, baskets of wines and oils.
In more northern communities, huts were made from more permanent materials, such as carpets and even the curtains of the synagogue ark.

Here modern options, more capital, but also ready-made. Teenagers in Mea Shearim are just assembling such a hut; parts that have not yet been installed are visible nearby.

Restaurants also build huts for their customers.

Anyone who has a balcony of sufficient size can put a hut right on the balcony. Here are the two most common types of huts: on the left is a solid wooden one, and on the right is a fabric one. The wooden one is covered with a mat.

So far I have not been able to find images of ancient huts, earlier than the images of the 14th century, and I don’t know whether they have survived.
In all the images that I found, the observance of Jewish tradition is clearly visible, despite different time And different countries. The non-solid roof of the hut is especially emphasized.

1374

By unknown to me - http://samgrubersjewishartmonuments.blogspot.com/2010/07/sukkah-for-new-york.html , Public Domain, Link

1662

By The National Library of Israel Sukkot Collection - The National Library of Israel collections, Public Domain, Link

1722, engraved by Bernard Picart

By Bernard Picart - http://samgrubersjewishartmonuments.blogspot.com/2010/07/sukkah-for-new-york.html , Public Domain, Link

1724, Germany. It's very interesting roof hut, there is part of a continuous roof that can open and close, apparently in case of rain.

By Paul Christian Kirchner, Jungendres, Sebastian Jacob, 1684-1766, Georg Puscher; - Flickr : Sukkot, 1724, from Juedisches Ceremoniel, Public Domain, Link

Hut from Turkestan, 1860 Please note that its walls are made of carpets.

http://dl.wdl.org/10716.png
Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10716/ , Public Domain, Link

This is what this hut might have looked like from the inside.

By Kun, Aleksandr L., 1840-1888 - http://dl.wdl.org/10714.png
Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10714/ , Public Domain, Link

Engraving from 1868 by Moritz Daniel Oppenheim.

By diverse - scan eines Bandes im Eigenbesitz
, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25528630
As you can see, this version of the hut is reminiscent of modern, wooden, permanent ones. This is a capital hut made of wood, which is not surprising - in European countries not as warm in September-October as in Israel.

Cardboard model of a hut, Breslau, Germany, 1925-1928.
Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

Aluminum hut.
A story found on the web.
Everyone knows that 30-35 years ago in the USSR it was forbidden to observe Jewish commandments. Jews who taught Torah or Hebrew were sent to prison. But individual Jews remained committed to Judaism in secret ways.
One of these persistent observants was an elderly Jew. Every year during Sukkot he built a "roof" of branches and leaves on his small balcony and invited friends. He did not tell his children what and why he was doing, because he feared persecution from the regime. Nevertheless, he enjoyed what was happening.
When he died, his son Moshe decided to also “cover” the balcony every year. He was sure that his father used the leaves and branches out of poverty, since he did not have money for a real roof. He decided that he would do everything differently: he had a friend who worked with aluminum and Moshe ordered an aluminum roof for the balcony. And he installed this roof on the balcony on Sukkot, all the years that the USSR existed. When the Soviet regime ceased to exist and it was finally possible to openly study Judaism, a rabbi appeared in the small Jewish community of the shtetl where Moshe lived. On Sukkot, the rabbi built a hut and invited all the Jews of the town to this hut. When Moses entered the hut and looked up, he saw that the roof was made of branches. The rabbi used branches just like Moshe's father. Moshe asked the rabbi about the roof and he explained to him why the roof was like that. And then Moshe realized that long years he built a “wrong, unkosher hut,” thinking that he was improving what his father had done. And I really regretted it. But the rabbi told him that he was sure that heaven was very pleased with his “aluminum tent”, since he did not teach Halacha, but wanted to keep the commandments, like his father.

The hut is supposed to be decorated and this is done in a variety of ways.


Here, as you can see, is a modern hut, simply decorated.
The main plant material used in modern Israel for the construction of huts is date palm branches. They are most often used to make a roof, but can also be used to decorate a hut.

It is believed that it is important to decorate the entrance to the hut, since it is through it that important guests (ushpizin) will enter the hut.

There are options for decorating huts that can be seen in museums.

In a surprising way, paintings on fabric that were hung on the walls in the hut of the Chief Rabbi of Denmark, Rabbi Friedenger, have reached us. During World War II, the rabbi was arrested and his wife fled to Sweden. For some time she lived in Stockholm with the Etlinger family and in gratitude she gave them these paintings.
Themes of the paintings: events from the life of Moshe and the wanderings of the Jews in the desert.
Watercolor drawings on fabric, Denmark, Copenhagen, late 18th - early 19th century. Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

"The sea parts for the children of Israel."

"Moshe and the Tablets of the Covenant."

"Jerusalem"

Decoration of a hut, 1886, Alsace.

By Alphonse Lévy (1843-1918), "La Vie juive" de Léon Cahun publié en 1886. - Collection Emmanuel Haymann, Public Domain, Link

The Israel Museum houses a complete, painted wooden hut from the second half of the 19th century from Fischach, Southern Germany.
The hut belonged to the Deller family. The painting on the hut was commissioned from a local artist by Tsilya and Naftali Deller in the second half of the 19th century. Before the Nazis came to power, their descendants erected this hut in the courtyard of their house. In 1935, with the help of family friends, the hut was transported to Jerusalem and was located at the Bezalel Academy.

The main painting of the hut is a depiction of Jerusalem with the Western Wall (Kotel Maaravi), a copy of a depiction of Jerusalem by a 19th-century Jerusalem artist.

As they say, there are earrings for all sisters, and on the other wall of the hut...

...depicted as a local baron, patron of the Jews of this town, going out hunting.

To the right of the baron is the house of the Deller family.

Panel from the Sukkot hut "Receiving the Torah", wood painting, Venice, Italy, 19th century.
Museum of Italian Jewry (Jerusalem)

Decoration for the walls of a hut from Szeged (Hungary), late 19th - early 20th centuries. painting oil paint on fabric, then glued to boards. Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
The Zohar writes: “The children of Israel who leave their homes for the sake of the Sukkah are honored with the presence of the Divinity, and all the seven faithful friends of the King descend from Gan Eden (paradise) to visit them there and enjoy their hospitality.”
We see images of these seven guests (ushpizin).


From right to left Abraham, Isaac, Jacob

From right to left Yosef and Moshe

From right to left are Aaron and David, as well as a washbasin for those accompanying them.

Menorah-seven-branched.
It is believed that the laver and menorah were added to the design of this hut later to indicate that the guests (ushpizin) of the hut would accompany the Messiah and the construction of the Third Temple.

1938, Georgian Jews celebrate Sukkot. Artist Shalom Koboshvili.
Pay attention to the design of the ceiling.

By Shalom Koboshvili - www.amuse-all.net, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18843590

The theme of decorating huts in Eretz Israel has changed over time, similar to the change in theme of Shana Tova greeting cards.
During the time of the old Yishuv (18th century), before the First Aliyah (starting from 1882), the main design motifs were landscapes of Eretz Israel: the tomb of Mother Rachel, the Western Wall (Kotel), the Cave of Machpelah (the tomb of the patriarchs) in Hebron, and also images of shofars , Torah scrolls, synagogue arks and the like.
During the First Aliyah, and especially in the 20s of the last century, many agricultural settlements were founded by newcomers and huts began to be decorated with images of peasant farms; the peasants themselves working the land; images of agricultural crops, etc...
The decorations of the hut at the beginning of the last century were of poor quality, but from the 40-50s. When the quality of color printing improved, bright and beautiful printed jewelry appeared on sale. In the 50s, with the development of color photography, jewelry appeared based on color photographs, to which “gold” was added, as on greeting cards. At a time when it was customary to send beautiful cards“Shana tova”, it was customary to decorate huts with them.
The euphoria of victory in the Six-Day War was reflected in the decorations of the hut: the decorations became larger and more luxurious, the themes of their images were the Israel Defense Forces and its commanders; views of liberated Jerusalem; photographs of soldiers; Rabbi Goren blowing the shofar near the Western Wall and the like...
In later times, along with economic growth, jewelry appeared based on family photos demonstrating economic well-being: a family at the entrance to new house; family travels by car; The family is sitting in the living room of the apartment watching TV.

Nowadays, the hut is decorated different ways, often using elements of home creativity: these can be children's drawings or homemade decorations. In addition, there is a variety of jewelry on sale to suit every taste and budget.

Ready-made jewelry that can be bought at the market before Sukkot.

Paper cut image of a hut by Tzipporah Ne'eman.
From my story The art of paper cutting - an ancient Jewish tradition

As we have seen over the long years of Israel’s existence, much of what we build causes an inadequate reaction in the world... So is the hut discussed in the satirical song Latma channel (לאטמה). Although the song was written in 2010, almost nothing has changed.

Boxes for etrogs

"Sukkot", by Leopold Pilichowski, 1894/95

By Leopold Pilichowski - easyart.com , Public Domain, Link
We all know about the four types of plants that are important to Jews on Sukkot. These are etrog, lulav (unopened palm branch), myrtle and river willow. Here we just see them all in the hands of the elderly man standing on the left.
And on the bench, the heroine of this part of my story, is a box for etrog.

Etrog Citrus medica var. Ethrog Engl. is a variety of citron (Citrus medica).
Citron, cedrat (Citrus medica), a plant of the genus Citrus of the rue family, has the largest of all citrus fruits. Their length is 12-40 cm, diameter - 8-28 cm. They are oblong, yellow, like a lemon, sometimes orange in color, with an unusually thick (2.5-5 cm) peel and sour or sour-sweet, slightly bitter and not juicy pulp.
In Israel, etrog is grown specifically on plantations.

There are also hobbyists who grow etrogs themselves.


This is how etrogs grow on a tree in the settlement of Rotem, which I wrote about

I’ll talk about etrog separately some other time.

Before the holiday, most people buy etrogs at special bazaars before Sukkot.
Until the end of the 19th century. the center of etrog cultivation was Fr. Corfu, from where the fruit came to the Jewish communities of Europe. Later, etrog began to come to Europe from Eretz Israel. Today, Israeli etrog producers fully satisfy local demand and export the fruit to many Jewish communities around the world.
There are serious requirements for the etrog itself, and buying a good etrog is neither easy nor cheap.


These are in a box at the market, obviously cheap, but very picturesque.

It is precisely because of the importance and high cost of etrog on Sukkot that this fruit is stored in a special box during the holiday. The box itself can be a work of jewelry; it is often made of silver and has a variety of shapes. It was often an item of luxury and pride for the owners and was passed on by inheritance.
I have not yet found any materials about the history of the appearance of these boxes, but I hope to catch up in the future.
The box, made in the 19th century, has an image of an etrog on top.

By Center for Jewish History, NYC - https://www.flickr.com/photos/center_for_jewish_history/4570671179/ , No restrictions , Link

19th century box made of Bohemian glass (cobalt) with gilding, Bohemia.
Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

Box made by the Bezalel School (Jerusalem), 1908-1929, silver, filigree, semiprecious stones. Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
The box is decorated with quotes from the Torah. The front depicts a Jew plowing the land, as a symbol of Zionism's core idea of ​​returning the people to the land.
In 2013, an image of this box was used on an Israeli stamp.

Second half of the 19th century, silver, Lemberg, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Lviv, Ukraine).
Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
Very similar to the box we see above, 1780, made in Moscow and located in the Museum of Italian Jewry (Jerusalem).

Box on the left 1860, silver, Australia; right in the form of a duck: 19th century, Iraq, silver.
Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
In 2013, an image of a duck box was used on an Israeli stamp.

Etrogs are also sold in paper boxes in which they can be stored.

Happy Sukkot to all those celebrating!

Communication with nature has always been beneficial for children. IN Soviet times schoolchildren often disappeared into the forest, building huts and dugouts, which were bases for playing “war games”, places to spend pleasant time with friends. Although the era of forest tourism has already passed, giving way to the computer era, many still prefer to get out into nature and build such familiar and interesting structures as huts.

A hut is an artificial shelter quickly constructed in hiking conditions from available materials (branches, boards, poles, turf). This type of building has long been used by hunters, mushroom pickers, rangers and tourists for protection from bad weather and long-term stays away from the benefits of civilization. Besides, Such shelters have long become a favorite place for children to play- they not only build them with great pleasure, but also spend a lot of time in them, arranging improvised headquarters for their forestry detachments, warehouses for all kinds of provisions and simply secluded shelters.

To the modern child, consumed by the world computer games and social networks, such entertainment helps not only improve your well-being, but also acquire useful skills in constructing such structures with your own hands, becoming closer to nature.

A hut is an artificial shelter that can be quickly constructed on the go from scrap materials.

Main types of street huts and stages of their production

According to their design, huts are divided into:

1. Single-pitch- the simplest, consisting of a visor resting on trees or a stake dug into the ground
2. Gable– externally they resemble a tent, they consist of a frame covered with branches, moss and spruce branches.
3. Circular- tall buildings erected in the form of a tent (cone), externally reminiscent of Indian wigwams. They are built around a tree or a long stake driven into the ground.

Huts with recesses below ground level are the famous dugouts, the living part of which is located in a well-insulated and covered pit.

Each of these huts consists of:

• Frame - the frame of a building assembled from poles;
• Covering material - branches, spruce branches, straw, moss;
• Fasteners - nylon threads, adhesive tape. In camping conditions, if they are not available, they often use improvised fastening materials - freshly cut strips of bark, dug up long roots, strands of grass.

The construction of a hut consists of assembling the frame and carefully covering it with lining material and arranging a fire pit.

Gallery: hut on a summer cottage (25 photos)

How to make a hut (video)

How to build a simple lean-to hut (halabudu) from branches in the forest

This type of hut is the simplest and can be constructed within a few hours.

• For a hut, choose a high and dry place with two thick trees standing at a distance of 1.5-2 meters with strong knots at the bottom of the trunks.
• A strong pole 2-2.5 meters long is cut down and placed on tree branches so that its height from the ground is up to 1.5 meters.
• Using strips of bark, the ramp poles resting on the ground are tied to the resulting crossbar.
• The resulting frame is covered first with thin branches with foliage, and then with spruce branches.
• At the ends of the hut, stakes are driven in and branches and spruce paws are placed tightly.
• In order not to sit on the cold ground, the floor of the hut is covered with spruce paws, branches or simple grass. The layer of such insulation should be at least 30 cm.
• To prevent it from being cold inside such a canopy, a fireplace is made in front of the entrance, behind which a reflector is installed - a low fence made of stakes driven into the ground and branches intertwined between them, thanks to which heat flows inside the building.

A simple lean-to hut is the simplest and can be built within a few hours

Construction of a gable hut on the street with your own hands

A gable hut is built in the forest with the maximum use of available materials without the use of nails, screws and other metal fasteners.

The construction of a gable hut is carried out according to a simple scheme:

• First, a site is selected in a high, non-swampy, dry place from which windbreaks, debris, and stones are removed. You should not build a hut near anthills or burrows of wild animals. It’s better to build a hut under the canopies big trees– if it rains, they will provide additional protection from moisture.
• For the frame, two straight sticks with branches in the upper part are cut down. The lower ends of the spears are sharpened and driven in along one line at a distance equal to length future construction
• A long pole is placed on the slingshots, tying it to them with threads, tape, or, in their absence, with strips of fresh bark removed from the cut down sticks.
• Next, on both sides of each of the spears, poles made of thick branches resting at an angle on the ground are tied, securing them at the base with pegs driven into the ground, and at the top with bark, thread, and tape. The same poles are laid parallel to the end ones in increments of 40-50 cm.
• Parallel to the ridge of the resulting frame, longitudinal poles are laid on the surface of both slopes, tying them at the points of intersection with the inclined ones. If there are thick trees nearby, the hut is tied to them using strong twine - this makes the building more stable.
• The resulting frame, reminiscent of a gable roof on both sides of the ridge, as well as at the ends, while leaving space for the entrance, is covered with branches.
• At the last stage, spruce legs are laid on each of the slopes of the building, starting from the ground.
• If the spruce branches are tightly laid, the roof of such a shelter will not leak even in heavy rain or snow, and the inside will be dry and comfortable.
• Very often a thick layer is laid on top of the branches on the slopes. plastic film tarpaulin.
• If there is a field nearby with dry straw remaining after the harvest, then it can be used to cover the roof along with spruce legs - the main thing in this case is to remember that you should light fires in such a hut very carefully so that an accidental spark does not set the dry stems on fire.
• To prevent the hut from flooding during heavy rains a small ditch is made along its perimeter with a groove extending to the side

A gable hut is built in the forest with maximum use of available materials without the use of nails, screws and other metal fasteners

Building a winter hut in the ground

In addition to above-ground ones, it is also possible to build one located below ground level. a hut in which you can stay not only in the warm season but even in winter:

• For construction, choose a dry place away from the trunks of large trees - it is best to build such a shelter on hills and hills with loose sandy soil.
• The pit for the dugout in which 3-4 people will be located at the same time is made 3x4-5 meters in size and up to 1.5-2 meters deep. When excavating the soil, I throw the removed turf and fertile soil not far from the pit, since in the future they will be useful for filling the roof of the dugout. On one side of the pit, an additional trench is made for entry.
• Pegs are driven along the walls of the pit, while retreating to make the distance between them and the soil layer equal to the thickness of the boards or logs used to construct the walls.
• Boards or logs are placed between the driven stakes, thereby forming the walls of the building.
• The floor of the dugout is first insulated with dry leaves, sawdust and covered with poles or boards.
• To build a roof, 3 thick dugouts are dug along the central axis of the rectangle. supporting pillars, two of which are located near the walls, and one in the center of the dugout.
• In the upper part, the pillars are fastened with a longitudinal pole, on which thin logs are tightly laid on both sides with an inclination towards the ground.
• The finished roof is covered with earth and covered with turf.
• The ends of the roof protruding above the ground are covered with boards.
• The entrance to the dugout is a trench adjacent to the pit - for this, steps are dug at its beginning or a ladder is installed. The entrance is covered with a wooden shield.
• To ensure that the wood of the dugout structures does not rot due to high humidity it is treated with special solutions.

How to build a treehouse (video)

How to make a circular Indian hut (wigwam) for children

A wigwam is a circular hut. You can build it both outdoors and in the backyard of a private house and even in an apartment

In order to make a children's wigwam you need:

• 4-6 wooden round section sticks with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm are tied with coarse thread or electrical tape so as to form a cone or pyramid. If a wigwam is made outside, the sticks of the frame are driven into the ground, having previously sharpened their ends.
• For the hut, a cover is made from dense material with ties, with the help of which it is tied to the frame. The cover should cover most of the hut, leaving room in the front for entry.
• The entrance is made by sewing two curtains to the cover.
• To give the wigwam an attractive look, strips, circles, and other shapes cut from pieces of colored material (paper, cardboard) are glued onto the material of the cover.
• A thick blanket is placed at the bottom of the hut.

A wigwam is a circular hut

Making a children's hut at home

Since many people do not have a regular opportunity to get out into nature, very often huts are made at home:

• For the ridge of the frame, use 4 dry bars 2-2.5 cm thick and a stick of the same diameter.
• To assemble the end walls, the bars are folded in the shape of a triangle and a hole equal to the diameter of the ridge is made using a drill at a distance of 3-4 cm from the ends.
• A round stick is passed through the hole in the crosshairs.
• The resulting frame is sheathed on three sides with fabric and cardboard.
• To make the hut stable, the elements of the rear wall in the lower part are fastened with another block.
• A retractable curtain is installed at the entrance.

The resulting hut fits perfectly not only in an open space, but also inside a children's room.

Hut house

In order to make a hut house, cut out plywood circles, prepare bars, planks and veneer of the required length. You also need twine. Saw a square from the board and cut in the middle square hole. This will be a bird hole.

Make a support for the roof, making it in the form of a pyramid of circles of different diameters, between which small riveted bars with a cross-section of 22 x 18 mm are fixed.

Attach the side strips with screws to the false bottom and false roof, the diameter of which is 18 cm. Attach a pyramid support made of circles to the false roof.

Using an abrasive head, give the walls a ribbed texture. After this, paint the body of the house with tinting antiseptics and rub it sandpaper so that the texture created on the wood appears. Dress the roof support in a “skirt” made of veneer.

The final step is to glue the fence at the bottom of the house, nail the decorative door and install the trim.

Many lovers of outdoor activities sometimes stay overnight in the forest. In this case, you can sleep in the cabin of a car, in a tent or in a sleeping bag. However the best option will spend the night in a hut built from available materials. On fresh air with a pleasant smell of wood in good weather is created comfortable atmosphere to sleep in this simple structure. But many people have a question about how to make a hut. Instructions for the construction of this structure will be provided below. More on this below.

Definition

The hut is a universal short-term shelter. It is used for overnight shelter, protection from the sun, strong winds, temperature and atmospheric changes, and precipitation in the form of rain and snow.

Types of huts

There are many variations of this structure. However, there are three types of simple huts. Namely:

• free-standing;
• attached;
• huts in a recess.

Each type has its own design features, which have much in common. They depend on the time of year, weather conditions and type of terrain.

How to make a hut with your own hands?

First you need to choose appropriate place for the construction of this temporary shelter. It cannot be installed in narrow gorges, on river banks, or at the bottom of canyons. Because floods, flash floods or sudden downpours may occur. The danger comes from creating a hut under rocks that overhang the site, as well as at the foot of steep mountains. When choosing a parking place, you need to take into account the cardinal directions. Let's consider the main location options.

1. How to make a hut in a mountain forest. The specified attached-type structure is well suited for this area. This means that one of the walls or even two walls will be made of wood or stone - part of the rock. IN in this case We must try to avoid precipitation. That is, do not place a hut in hollows with obvious traces of water flows. Because if it rains, a stream of water will flow down. Otherwise, the rules for installing this structure are the same as for a tent. The entrance to the hut should be on the side opposite the top. Grooves should be made around the perimeter to allow water to drain in case of rain.
2. How to make a hut in a lowland forest? The answer to this question is quite simple. In a forest where there is a plain, it is possible to build a recessed, classic or attached hut. In this case, the place is chosen based on the weather. This is important. In cold weather without rain, you need to find a hole that will serve as a temporary shelter. When it rains, the specified structure is placed on an elevated place.

Choosing a hut type

1. Classic hut. This type of structure is made in the form of a fire pit for cooking. In this case, two poles or branches are installed vertically. The third is laid on them horizontally. Dressing is done using improvised means: flexible twigs, grass stems, vines.

In this case, there are still several types of installation. For example, 2 poles or straight branches, cut with a knife, are installed to each other at an angle at the exit from the hut and the back wall with a distance of 2-2.5 meters. It's not hard to do. Then the main pole is laid horizontally on them. The next option is a wigwam. In this case, you can lay the poles in a circle at an angle to each other in the form of a fire pit, and also use a living growing tree as a support point for them.

2. Attached hut. This also includes the type in the form of a wigwam around a tree. In this case, there may also be a hut created on the basis of poles that rest on a rock in a mountainous area. The walls are made like the above classical structure.

3. Recessed hut. This type of building looks like a classic hollow or is something between a dugout and a hut. That is, when only the top (roof) is covered.

Main principles of construction

Before you make a hut with your own hands, you need to know the following:

1. Location.
2. Type of hut.
3. The basis of this structure should be several poles with sharp ends, sunk into the ground. One of them is installed as a load-bearing ceiling beam.
4. The poles of the hut walls are installed with a slope of 45-60 degrees. Except when one wall is vertical.
5. The roof must be stitched with branches (poles) in several tiers parallel to the ground along the perimeter between installed beam and earth. Then it will be easier to lay the spruce branches or branches.
6. When deciding how to make a hut, it is necessary to correctly lay the spruce branches on the base of the pole. In this case, it all depends on individual desire. This must be done so that the upper part of the lower spruce branches is laid under the corresponding side of the layer on top. This is done in the same way as when Then the raindrops will roll down freely.
7. Instead of spruce branches, branches with large leaves will also be used, as well as polyethylene with a tarpaulin.

Interior arrangement of the hut

This process is also important point. In the forest, when there are no usual sleeping bags, folding beds, air mattress and bedding, one must be able to adapt to such conditions. There are two types of flooring arrangement: with and without a fireplace. Each case requires a separate approach. Usually in the cool season, and also when you need to protect yourself from mosquitoes and mosquitoes, you should protect walls and dead wood from sparks from the fireplace. Therefore, they lay it out in the center, limit it with stones, sprinkle earth between the stones, and create a quarantine zone of about 15-20 cm around it. Dead wood is laid on the floor of the hut (on the ground) - last year’s leaves with branches, shoots. Material in the form of tarpaulin, excess clothing, or polyethylene will also work.

Construction of a hut in the forest

This case also has its own nuances. Experienced travelers know how to make a hut in the forest. In this case, you can build a shelter different types. The most simple option considered a classic hut. Any lying tree is suitable for the construction of this structure. It will serve as a kind of frame for the hut. The branches of this tree will become a holding agent for those rods that create the roof. Before you make a hut, the photo of which is provided in the text, you should remember that before starting this process you need to make sure that the lying tree will not crush you. Next, you need to cut off with a knife or tear off with your hands the excess branches that are inside the structure. This is important to do for convenience. The resulting branches are folded so as to form a roof slope for the hut. The thickness of the laid layer determines whether raindrops will get inside the structure. With a lying tree, you can build either a single- or double-sloped hut, depending on the position in which it is located. A lean-to hut can easily be expanded to the second option indicated. Let's look at this in more detail next.

Construction of a lean-to hut

This process is not complicated. The simplest lean-to shelters begin with a frame, and a film or tarpaulin is attached to it on top. The lower edges are pressed against stones or a log. This shelter serves as a screen. You can make a lounger like a bed from spruce branches. The fire should be lit at a distance of about one meter from the sun lounger. This is important. At night, wood is added to the fire. At a temperature of about +5 degrees, you need to stock up on 2-3 dry thick two-meter logs in advance. You can use them to make a “Nodya” fire. To do this, two or three logs are placed on top of each other with smoldering coals between them. This provides warmth throughout the night.

Gable hut

In this case there is also nothing complicated. You can use any available means in the form of spruce branches, reeds, hay, grass or straw. You need to start by preparing thin rods, a support pole and two strong flyers for the base of this structure. In this case, you need to have some skills. Install the flyers by vertically driving them firmly into the ground a third of the length so that they do not wobble. A strong horizontal pole is installed on top of them, on which thin rods are laid at an angle in the form of rafters. Then the material is laid on them from bottom to top. This must be done so that the top row overlaps the bottom. The back and side walls of the hut are covered in the same way. A fire with a heat shield is lit at the entrance to this building. In this case, it should be taken into account that the specified heat shield must be tilted towards the entrance.

How to build huts with your own hands from branches?

Let's take a closer look at this process. Before making a hut from branches, you need to prepare:

• large knife or ax;
• tree branches;
• strong rope;
• stakes made of thick branches.

First you need to decide on the shape and materials of construction. The optimal option is considered to be a gable option, that is, in the form of a tent. To do this, you need to prepare 6 thick branches about a meter long with a diameter of 5-7 cm. Two of them should be slightly shorter. These branches will become the basis of the frame of the hut, serving as the back and front walls. After choosing a level place, stakes are installed, digging them into the ground in the form of two tripods, one opposite the other. The distance between the stakes will be the length of the hut. In this case, the tripods should face each other with one side of an imaginary triangle. Then thin twigs or rope are attached horizontally to the resulting empty walls. Also in this case you can use climbing plants. There are many of them in the southern regions of Russia. The vertical distance between the branches should be about 20 cm. These crossbars will be used to secure the sheathing branches.

In general, nature itself suggests how to make a hut with your own hands in the forest. Properly laid branches will shield each other. The crown of the tree will provide shelter from the rain. Walls are also being built. In this case, you should take fluffy branches or spruce branches from coniferous trees. After this, you need to break them off so that a hook is formed at the broken end. It is needed to subsequently attach the branch to the crossbars. In this case, it is necessary to begin the construction of walls from the bottom side. This must be done in such a way that the upper branches overlap the lower ones. Then the raindrops will roll down. If you wish, you can line the floor with branches. As a result, the question of how to make a hut from branches can be resolved very simply.

Construction of the specified structure for children on a tree

Many of the children thought about how to make a treehouse. In this case, everything is also quite simple and clear. At the right approach you can build a hut for children and grandchildren on a tree. If on summer cottage There are 2 trees nearby, then between them you will get a good structure. This will not take much time and building materials. Before you make a treehouse, you need to stock up on the following devices and tools:

• sheets of plywood: one with a thickness of 18-20 mm and two - 8-10 mm;
• bolts;
• timber with dimensions 50x150 mm and 50x100 mm;
• hacksaw or circular saw;
• galvanized nails;
• roofing felt;
• birch bark.

The construction of the hut should be based on 2 boards 50x150 mm. In this case, they are attached to two thick trees. There is nothing complicated in this regard. It is necessary that the diameters of the tree trunks be approximately 20 cm. Then the bottom of the hut with the side walls, as well as triangles for the brackets, are cut out of a sheet of plywood. This will require a lot of patience and scrupulousness. Next, triangular sidewalls are assembled from pre-prepared and sawn half-timber bars. After this, they are bolted together. Then the process of connecting the assembled triangular sidewalls will follow. ridge beam. Its cross-section should be 50x100 mm. After this, it is necessary to connect the indicated sidewalls with the two beams located below. Next, using brackets, attach the resulting frame to two support boards with a cross section of 50x150 mm, which are already pre-fixed to the trees. Now you need to take the bottom, cut out of plywood. It is necessary to drill holes for nails. After this, you need to nail the bottom to the lower beams and joists with galvanized nails with large heads. Now we need to think about building a roof and hatch windows. The best solution in this case is a multi-layer roof. This will ensure reliability. In 1 layer, plywood with a sheet thickness of 8-10 mm is used. The second one can be made of roofing felt or glassine. And for the third layer, birch bark will be used.

Bottom line

Having read the above, everyone can decide for themselves the question of how to make a hut from boards, branches and other improvised means or building materials, as well as find out what types of these structures exist.

Handmade crafts from natural materials will create an atmosphere of comfort and a romantic atmosphere in your home. Such crafts and interior items from natural material very popular today. It's especially nice to surprise your friends with these decorative items made by hand. To decorate your interior country house or apartments, you can make crafts from branches of various trees.

To use, you need branches that have not been eaten by the bug. Collect branches like this better in autumn or in early spring. Also, all branches without exception require processing in at least 2 stages:

1) Drying the branches is a must. Otherwise, the product will warp in the first month. We dry at room temperature 1-2 week. Or 7 days for batteries. And if you want it very quickly, then in the oven for 2-3 hours on low heat and with the door ajar so that the moisture comes out.

2) Also desirable painting or varnishing. If there is no special varnish for wood at all, then you can treat it clear varnish for nails.

To do this, we offer you 10 master classes on crafts made from tree branches with your own hands.

Candlestick made of tree branches

Stylish candlestick in 5 minutes

To make a candlestick from twigs, We need:

• Dry twigs.
• A small glass cup.
• Hot glue gun.
• Candle.

Step 1:

Collect a small amount of twigs, wash them in water and dry them. After drying, cut them with pruning shears into approximately equal lengths.

Step 2:

Take a small glass cup and a hot glue gun. Apply glue to each branch with a glue gun and glue it to the cup. Thus, glue each next branch next to each other.

Take a candle of the required size and insert it inside the glass. The candlestick is ready for use.

Another option for making a candle holder is to simply take a thick candle and glue the twigs around the candle with a glue gun. Also, if the branches are painted gold, the effect will be more glamorous.

The branches are painted gold

Golden candlestick

House made of branches

An unusual craft for a child can be made from ordinary twigs. In the photo below, our reader shared his wonderful creation that he made for a child.

ADVICE: If you decorate the house with a garland you will get a great night light for a child's room!

House made of branches

How to make one like this

Photo frames made from tree branches

You can make unusual photo frames from dry branches with your own hands.

To do this we need:

• Dry twigs.
• Wooden base for frame.
• Hot glue gun.
• Decor (moss).

Step 1:

Take dry twigs. Using a hot glue gun. Apply glue to each branch with a glue gun and glue it to wooden base. Likewise, glue all subsequent branches side by side in the form of a rectangle.

Step 2

Then take a decorative material, in our case moss, and stick it in the corner of the frame. The result will be a wonderful composition.

Check out even more photo ideas on how you can arrange frames and displays of photographs in your interior.

Making a spring photo frame

Tree with photos in a vase

Pencil holder

This thing will look amazing on your desktop.

DIY pencil stand

You will need:

• A cut tree or stump, with a diameter of 10 to 15 cm and a thickness of about 10 cm (the photo shows such a “stump”, previously cleared of bark, but for a greater natural effect, you can leave the cut in its original form).
• A drill whose core drill diameter should not exceed 8-10 mm. A point drill bit is used to create shallow but clean, smooth-edged holes.
• Fine-grit sandpaper.

Step 1:

Take a drill, make 25-30 holes in the log house (depending on the diameter of the “hemp”), each at a distance of 0.5 - 1 cm from each other.

Make 25-30 holes in the log house

Step 2:

After this, take fine-grained sandpaper and sand the surface so that there are no unevenness.

Sand the base and top with sandpaper

After this, the stand is ready. It can serve not only for stationery, but also for art brushes.

Also check out other ideas on how to design a pen organizer.

Pencil holder

Stand for pens and phone

Clothes hanger

This craft will undoubtedly decorate your hallway and delight everyone who comes to visit you. You just need to choose branches that have fairly strong and thick hook knots. Hangers can also be made from small tree branches.

Clothes hanger in the hallway

You will need:

• Strong branches with thick knots with a diameter of 30-50 mm.
• Self-tapping screws.
• Saw on wood.
• Drill.
• Blank for the wall

Step 1:

We saw the trunk of the branch in half. We select a suitable workpiece with a length of 300-400 mm. Miter saw We immediately form a hook. Using a saw, we cut off a branch from a branch at a distance of 50-120 mm. And then we cut half of the branch with a knot with a saw along the edges.

We select a suitable workpiece with a length of 300-400 mm.

Step 2:

Drill a hole in the hook with a self-tapping screw. And we attach it to the blank under the hanger. If desired, you can hang them individually or form a hanger. If the hanger is intended for light things, then you can attach the branches using wood glue.

Paint with white acrylic paint

If desired, these hooks can be painted with special paints for wood or use an aerosol spray.

The original hanger is ready

Flowerpot

In order for all the pots to be identical and original, you can make a flowerpot with your own hands. You will need a minimum of effort and a maximum of desire and good mood.

Flowerpot made from branches

To do this you need:

• Dry twigs.
• Saw on wood.
• A skein of twine thread.
• A piece of burlap.

Step 1:

To begin with, take dry twigs and use a wood saw to make them all approximately the same length.

cut the branches and tie them together

Step 2:

Then we wrap the flower pot or flowerpot with a piece of burlap. Secure it with any glue.

Step 3

Take the previously prepared branches, tie them together with twine so that the branches do not fall apart (see photo)

We wrap a piece of burlap around our old flowerpot

Step 4:

Then tie these branches around a pot or flowerpot and secure it with a bow.

Use a rope to secure the branches around the flowerpot

DIY hanging table

Hanging objects can add a feeling of weightlessness and airiness to any interior. Suspension wooden table could be wonderful bedside table. It is attached to the ceiling with three ropes using a hook. How to make it? Necessary:

• Tablet.
• Grinder machine.
• Drill.
• Hot glue gun.
• Screw.
• S-shaped hook.
• Polyurethane spray.
• Felt strip.

Installation of a hanging table

Step 1:

First you need to choose a suitable board with an unusual texture. Sand all uneven surfaces with a sander.

Step 2:

Next, you need to drill three holes that will match the diameter of the selected rope. The holes should be equidistant from each other, and one of them should be located as close to the wall as possible. You can hang the table using four ropes, then you will need to drill four holes.

Step 3:

The wooden surface should be covered with several layers of polyurethane, allowing each of them to dry. Since the table will be adjacent to the wall, protect its surface from damage. To do this, glue a strip of felt to the part of the table that is adjacent to the wall with hot glue.

Step 4:

Next, pull the ropes through the holes and tie strong knots under the board. After this, you need to drill a small hole in the ceiling and insert a screw with a ring into which you should thread an S-shaped hook.

Step 5:

Then tie all the ropes at the top into a strong knot with a loop and hang the structure on the hook.

The result will be simply mesmerizing. Your hanging table will simply float in the room.

Decorative tree

To decorate the interior of your home, we suggest making a decorative tree with flowers.

You need:

• Twigs.
• Decorative flowers (can be made from paper).
• Sea pebbles.
• A piece of foam.
• Hot glue gun.
• An unusually shaped flowerpot (in our case, square).

Step-by-step production of decorative wood

1. Take sea pebbles and add them to the bottom of the flowerpot.
2. Then place the foam on the pebbles in the flowerpot and insert the prepared twig into this foam.
3. Fill it with sea pebbles again to make the branch more stable. Place the moss on top.
4. Now let's start decorating the branch. Take decorative flowers and glue them with a glue gun to the branch in a chaotic manner.
5. When you glue all the flowers, then your decorative tree will be ready to decorate your apartment or house.

Decorative tree painted gold

Decorative tree white

Wreath on the door made of twigs

This is the easiest master class that could be shown. Let's make a decorative wreath on the door from twigs. To start and finish our craft we need:

• Twigs.
• Copper wire.

Base blank for a Christmas wreath

Step 1:

Take copper wire and make a circle with a hook out of it (see picture).

make a circle out of wire

Step 2:

You need to make small bunches from the branches, fastening them with wire.

We tie the branches into small bundles

Step 3:

Then we screw bunches of twigs to a pre-prepared circle of copper wire. And so on until the end. Your wreath is ready. You can also decorate it spray paint, giving it your favorite color.

We attach “bundles” of branches to the base

The wreath can be decorated as you wish. And make it either New Year’s or for another occasion

from spruce and pine in this article!

Decorating a mirror with branches

If you're tired of your old mirror and want to change it, don't rush. Using cuttings of branches, you can decorate your mirror, and it will sparkle with its beauty in a new form.

Mirror decorated with branch cuts

What is needed for this:

• Branches of different diameters.
• Wood file.
• Hot glue gun.

Work process:

1. Let's get to work. Take the branches and make cuts with a saw of the same thickness.
2. Then take a glue gun and glue each cut around the mirror. It will come out very original.
3. In the same way, you can paste over vases and flower pots, or whatever suits your imagination.

You can also make something like this from small boards - LESSON here!

Wall decor

Using branches you can do various decorations — — Take a look and you'll definitely find something for yourself!

And now we offer a simple master class on making a seahorse. It will decorate your room, giving it uniqueness. To make the decor more original, come up with your own figurine.

Branch decor for the wall

To do this you need to have:

• Branches of different sizes and diameters.
• Secateurs for branches.
• Hot glue gun.
• Cardboard, pencil, scissors.

Step 1

Draw a figure on cardboard, for example a seahorse. And cut with scissors.

Cutting out a shape from paper

Step 2

Take a hot glue gun, apply glue to the twigs and glue them onto the cardboard blank, aligning them one to one.

Step 3

When you're done gluing. Take a branch pruner and cut off any branches that extend beyond the edges of your base. It will turn out very well beautiful decor on the wall.

In a similar way, you can make crafts for the New Year in the form of a Christmas tree, decorating it with decor, or a star on the door, crafts for Valentine's Day.

Heart made of twigs

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