2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening the longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Unit 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to reinforced concrete rectangular column middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Unit 3. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Unit 4. Fastening the end wall to roof truss at pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Node 5. Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss with reference “0” and flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Unit 7. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Unit 10. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Node 11, 11a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m. With a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Node 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Unit 16. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Unit 17. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening the end wall parapet to the covering slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Unit 20. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter beam with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Node 24. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Node 25. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Fastening the end wall cornice to the covering slabs
2.430-20.3 27 Unit 27. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 28 Node 28. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 29 Unit 29. Fastening the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the railway. b. half-timbered columns
2.430-20.3 30 Unit 30. Specification Series composition
Detail 1 Fastening a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
Detail 2 Fastening the longitudinal wall to steel column
Detail 3 Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
Detail 4 Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
Detail 5 Fastening the end wall to the middle row steel column
Detail 6 Fastening the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the reinforced concrete half-timbered column or to the steel half-timbered column
Detail 7 Fastening the end wall to the rafter beam
Detail 8 Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof and the width of the lower chord of the truss being 200 and 250 mm
Detail 9 Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof and the width of the lower chord of the truss being 300 and 350 mm
Detail 10 Fastening the end wall to the truss with a flat roof
Detail 11 Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss with an “o” tie and a flat roof
Detail 12 Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss with a “250” tie and a flat roof
Detail 13 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with an “o” connection and a pitched roof
Detail 14 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 15 Attaching the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 16 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column and the “o” reference and the pitched roof
Detail 17 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with a “250” reference and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 18 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with a “250” reference and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 19 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with an “o” connection and a flat roof
Detail 20 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the “250” connection and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 21 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a 250 tie and a flat roof / Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 22 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with an “o” connection and a flat roof
Detail 23 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with a reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
Detail 24 Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with a reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
Detail 25 Fastening the end wall parapet to the covering slabs
Detail 26 Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
Detail 27 Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
Detail 28 Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
Detail 29 Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
Detail 30 Supporting a rafter beam with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
Detail 31 Supporting a rafter beam with a span of 18 m on a pilaster
Detail 32 Attaching the cornice of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with an “o” connection and a pitched roof
Detail 33 Attaching the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof
Detail 34 Attaching the end wall cornice to the covering slabs
Detail 35 Attaching the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with an “o” tie and a flat roof
Detail 36 Attaching the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with the “250” connection and a flat roof
Detail 37 Fastening the end wall to steel trusses along the axis of the middle row column
Sheet A Steel elements from MK-1 to MK-11
Sheet B Steel elements from MK-13 to MK-16; from MK-18 to MK-22
Sheet B Steel elements from MK-23 to MK-28
Sheet G Steel elements from MK-29 to MK-32
Sheet D Steel specification for elements MK-1 to MK-24
Sheet E Steel specification for elements from MK-25 to MK-32 External walls at fastening points transfer vertical loads from their own weight and attached parts (solar protection, balconies, radiators) and horizontal forces from wind pressure and suction to the supporting structure. Based on static action, the following cases are distinguished:
1. Panels outer wall one floor high, they rest, like beams on two supports, on two floor planes. Structures several stories high work as continuous beams. They can be suspended from the plane of the upper ceiling (1.1) or stand on lower ceiling(1.2). Panels of external walls can also rest only on columns 11.3) or, as slabs supported along the contour, on columns and ceilings (1.4).
2. Panels of ribbon facades are attached to only one floor. In addition, additional horizontal supports (2.1) or support on the floor (2.2), or rigid fastening to the floor, for example monolithic (2.3), are required. If there are columns, the panels are fixed on two sides to the columns (2.4) or on three sides to the columns and the ceiling (2.5).
Exterior walls can be attached directly to the supporting structure, but in most cases the fastening elements are dispersed.
Fastening external walls to floor slabs
To fasten external walls to floor slabs, use anchor strips or bolts inserted into tubes embedded in concrete, or dowels in drilled holes.3.1. A reinforced concrete window sill slab is installed on the mortar on the floor slab.
3.2. A reinforced concrete wall panel, the internal load-bearing side of which has a supporting projection, is installed on mortar.
3.3. Fastening a reinforced concrete wall using steel connecting angles with oval holes to equalize tolerances.
3.4. The façade posts are secured with dowels in the floor slab.
3.5. Fastening façade pillars using anchor supports.
3.6. Rigid connection of the window sill. Fastening the console with bolts in embedded pipes.
Fastening external walls to floor beams
Steel floor beams provide an ideal opportunity for attaching external walls by bolting or welding the connected elements.4.1. The floor beam is located perpendicular to the facade with the panels joining through gussets using paired overlays. For thermal insulation of the joint, gaskets made of artificial materials. Precise installation of the beams is necessary, since horizontal shifts in the plane of the facade must be limited.
4.2. Screwing corners with oblong holes to the beam wall.
4.3. The wall is bolted to the ceiling beam made of channel, which runs parallel to the facade.
4.4. Floor beams or purlins located at a certain distance behind the facade have cantilevered abutment elements.
4.5. The window sill panel is bolted to the floor beam and has additional support in the form of a strut.
Fastening external walls and steel columns
There are various possibilities for attaching external walls if columns are behind them. Since in columns with fire-retardant cladding, the abutment elements cut through the cladding, the outer walls perform fire-retardant functions. In fire-resistant window sills, the junctions must also be fire-resistant.5.1. In the simplest case, the outer wall is bolted directly to the column.
5.2. Adjacent to outside fireproof cladding.
5.3. Single-wall console with the column moved away from the wall.
5.4. Double wall console for heavy walls.
5.5. Supporting wall elements on welded corners. The outer flange of the column remains open.
5.6. A pair of ribs welded to the column has a plate on top with drilled hole to strengthen anchor bolts, on which the wall is hung. This solution makes it possible to shift wall panel to the side and adjust its height using a bolt. After leveling the wall, the plate is welded to the ribs.
5.7. The same two connections as 5.6, but on a box-shaped console.
5.8. A shaped node element close to the column serves for separate fastening of the outer and inner layers double layer wall.
Tolerance Leveling
The seams of the outer wall compensate for the deformation vibrations described in and manufacturing tolerances. Precast exterior wall elements are manufactured to relatively tight tolerances, with metal elements having tighter tolerances than reinforced concrete elements. Tolerances for the construction of load-bearing structures are coarser. Therefore, it is necessary to provide leveling elements at the joints of the panels to ensure their mutual fastening without special adjustment on site.6. Points for attaching external walls to load-bearing structures can be shifted against the design position in three directions and can be rotated around three axes.
7. Six degrees of freedom system:
- 7.1 δ X - shift parallel to the outer wall;
- 7.2 δ Y - change in the gap between the plane of the wall and the supporting structure;
- 7.3 δ Z - height shift;
- 7.4 α X - rotation around the horizontal axis x;
- 7.5 α Y - rotation around the horizontal axis y;
- 7.6 α Z - rotation around the vertical z axis.
9. An example of supporting a facade with the ability to move. All-round rotations are ensured by point support on bolts.
2.430-20.3 00 PZ Explanatory note2.430-20.3 01 Unit 1. Fastening a longitudinal or end wall to a reinforced concrete column
2.430-20.3 02 Unit 2, 2a. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete rectangular column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 03 Unit 3. Fastening the end wall to the reinforced concrete two-branch column of the middle row
2.430-20.3 04 Unit 4. Fastening the end wall to the truss with a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 05 Unit 5. Fastening the longitudinal wall to the truss with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 06 Node 6, 6a, 6b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 07 Unit 7. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 08 Node 8, 8a. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 09 Node 9, 9a, 9b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 10 Unit 10. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 11 Node 11, 11a. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m. With a “250” connection and a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 12 Node 12, 12a, 12b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 13 Unit 13. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 14 Node 14, 14a. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 15 Node 15, 15a, 15b. Fastening the parapet of a longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 16 Unit 16. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 250 mm
2.430-20.3 17 Unit 17. Fastening the parapet of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a span of 12 m along the axis of the half-timbered column with reference “250” and a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 and 510 mm
2.430-20.3 18 Unit 18. Fastening the end wall parapet to the covering slabs
2.430-20.3 19 Unit 19. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 20 Unit 20. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a pitched roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 21 Unit 21. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 380 mm
2.430-20.3 22 Unit 22. Supporting the covering slabs on the longitudinal wall with a flat roof. Wall thickness 510 mm
2.430-20.3 23 Node 23. Supporting a rafter beam with a span of 12 m on a pilaster
2.430-20.3 24 Node 24. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 25 Node 25. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a pitched roof
2.430-20.3 26 Unit 26. Fastening the end wall cornice to the covering slabs
2.430-20.3 27 Unit 27. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with reference “0” and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 28 Node 28. Fastening the eaves of the longitudinal wall to the covering slabs with a “250” connection and a flat roof
2.430-20.3 29 Unit 29. Fastening the longitudinal or end wall to the head of the railway. b. half-timbered columns
2.430-20.3 30 Unit 30. Specification