March 17, 2014 The United States and the European Union introduced the first personal sanctions against Russian officials in connection with the referendum on the status of Crimea.
In total, Western politicians have developed three levels of possible sanctions against the Russian Federation:
– personal in relation to specific individuals(first level),
– in relation to companies, legal entities(second level),
– in relation to entire sectors of the Russian economy, or sectoral (third level).
Subsequent events in the south-east of Ukraine, in Syria, around the DPRK, the situation with alleged interference in the US Presidential elections in 2016. and the poisoning of the Skripal family in the UK in March 2018. led to the fact that US and EU sanctions against Russia were expanded and tightened.
They were also joined by Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, Norway and a number of other states.
Included in the US sanctions list as of March 17, 2014. included 11 Russian and Ukrainian officials: Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government D. Rogozin, Speaker of the Federation Council V. Matvienko, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation S. Glazyev, Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation V. Surkov, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation E. Mizulina and L. Slutsky, member Federation Council A. Klishas, Prime Minister of Crimea S. Aksenov, Speaker of the Supreme Council of Crimea V. Konstantinov, former President of Ukraine V. Yanukovych, leader of the Ukrainian Choice movement V. Medvedchuk.
21 people were included in the EU sanctions list, including: Vice-Speaker of the State Duma of the Russian Federation S. Zheleznyak, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation S. Mironov, L. Slutsky; members of the Federation Council A. Klishas, V. Ozerov, N. Ryzhkov, V. Dzhabarov, E. Bushmin, A. Totoonov; commanders of the Southern and Western military districts A. Galkin and A. Sidorov, commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet A. Vitko.
In addition, EU sanctions affected the Prime Minister of Crimea S. Aksenov, Deputy Prime Minister of Crimea R. Temirgaliev, Speaker of the Supreme Council of Crimea V. Konstantinov, Mayor of Sevastopol A. Chaly, former Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Navy D. Berezovsky, Commander of the SBU for Crimea P. Zima and others.
Visa and financial restrictions were introduced in relation to these individuals - a ban on entry into the European Union and the “freezing” of bank accounts and other assets (if they were discovered).
March 20, 2014 – The United States and the European Union have expanded sanctions lists against high-ranking officials officials Russia and businessmen.
The US sanctions list additionally included 19 individuals, including:
– Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council, Chairman of the Committee on the Federal Budget and Financial Markets E. Bushmina;
– Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security V. Ozerov;
– First Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Federation Council V. Dzhabarov;
– First Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Commission on Regulations and Organization of Parliamentary Activities O. Panteleev;
– members of the Federation Council N. Ryzhkov and A. Totoonov;
– Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation S. Naryshkin;
– Vice Speaker of the State Duma of the Russian Federation S. Zheleznyak;
– member of the State Duma council, leader of the “A Just Russia” party S. Mironova;
– Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation S. Ivanov;
– First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation A. Gromov;
– Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation A. Fursenko;
– Deputy Chief of the General Staff I. Sergun;
– Chairman of JSC Russian Railways V. Yakunin.
In addition, sanctions were imposed against major Russian businessmen: G. Timchenko, Yu. Kovalchuk, A. Rotenberg, B. Rotenberg, as well as Rossiya Bank.
Added to the EU sanctions list on March 20, 2014. 12 people were included: Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation D. Rogozin, Speaker of the Federation Council V. Matvienko, Speaker of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Sergei Naryshkin, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation S. Glazyev, Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation V. Surkov, Deputy Commanders of the Russian Black Sea Fleet A. Nosatov and V Kulikov, Deputy Commander of the Southern Military District of the Russian Federation I. Turchenyuk, Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation E. Mizulina, Deputy Director of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company D. Kiselev, Head of the Commission of the Crimean Armed Forces for organizing the referendum M. Malyshev, Chairman of the Sevastopol City Commission for the preparation and conduct of the referendum V. Medvedev .
March 21, 2014 – The international payment systems Visa and MasterCard have partially stopped servicing plastic cards issued by Russian banks - AKB Rossiya, Sobinbank, Investkapitalbank, SMP Bank, Finservice. Thus, for the first time, sanctions directly affected ordinary Russian citizens.
April 11, 2014 – The United States imposed sanctions against 7 officials from the leadership of Crimea, as well as the Chernomorneftegaz company.
April 28, 2014 – The United States imposed sanctions on seven more Russian citizens: Rosneft President I. Sechin, First Deputy Head of the Russian Presidential Administration V. Volodin, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government D. Kozak, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on International Affairs A. Pushkov, Presidential Envoy Russia in Crimea O. Belavintsev, head of Russian Technologies S. Chemezov, director of the FSO E. Murov.
17 Russian companies and banks were also included in the sanctions list, including: Volga group, Aquanika, Avia group, Transoil LLC, Stroytransgaz, Sakhatrans LLC, investment company Abros ( "subsidiary" of Bank "Russia"), leasing company "Zest" (a subsidiary of "Abros"), "Stroygazmontazh", "SMP Bank", "Investkapitalbank" (Ufa), "Sobinbank".
April 28, 2014 – The European Union has expanded (by 15 people) the list of persons against whom sanctions are imposed. It included the leaders of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, as well as Russian officials: Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government D. Kozak, Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in Crimea O. Belavintsev, Minister for Crimean Affairs O. Savelyev, Vice-Speakers of the State Duma of the Russian Federation L. Shvetsova and S. Neverov, Chief of the General Staff V. Gerasimov, Chief of the GRU I. Sergun, acting. Governor of Sevastopol S. Menyailo, member of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation from Crimea O. Kovitidi.
May 12, 2014 – The European Union has decided to expand (by 13 people) the list of persons against whom sanctions have been imposed. It included: First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation V. Volodin, Commander of the Airborne Forces V. Shamanov, Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation V. Pligin; and about. Head of the Federal Migration Service of Russia for the Republic of Crimea P. Yarosh, acting Head of the Federal Migration Service of Russia in Sevastopol O. Kozyur, Prosecutor of Crimea N. Poklonskaya, acting Prosecutor of the city of Sevastopol I. Shevchenko.
In addition, the EU imposed sanctions against 2 companies - Chernomorneftegaz and Feodosiya.
June 21, 2014 – The United States imposed personal sanctions against 7 individuals, including the leaders of the DPR and LPR: D. Pushilin, V. Bolotov, I. Girkin, A. Purgin, the former “people’s mayor” of Slavyansk V. Ponomarev, acting Governor of Sevastopol S. Menyailo, Chairman of the Union of Orthodox Citizens of Ukraine V. Kaurov.
July 12, 2014 – The EU announced the expansion of the sanctions list by another 11 people. Personal sanctions were imposed against representatives of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, including the Prime Minister of the DPR A. Boroday.
The following were included in the sanctions list:
- Russian defense companies - the Almaz-Antey concern, Uralvagonzavod, NPO Mashinostroeniya, as well as structures of Russian Technologies: the Basalt, Kalashnikov, Sozvezdie concerns, the Instrument Design Bureau, Radioelectronic Technologies (KRET);
– companies in the raw materials sector – the largest domestic oil company Rosneft, the largest Russian independent natural gas producer Novatek, the Feodosia oil terminal;
– representatives of the banking sector – Vnesheconombank and Gazprombank.
American lenders are prohibited from providing medium- and long-term (over 90 days) financing to these companies.
In addition, visa and financial restrictions were imposed on the Vice-Speaker of the State Duma of the Russian Federation S. Neverov, the Federal Minister for Crimea O. Savelyev, and the Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation I. Shchegolev.
Also, US sanctions were extended to the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics and the Prime Minister of the DPR A. Boroday.
July 18, 2014 – The European Investment Bank, in accordance with the recommendations of the European Council, has decided to stop financing new projects in Russia.
July 25, 2014 – The Council of the European Union adopted a resolution to strengthen EU sanctions against Russia in connection with the situation in Ukraine. The sanctions list included 15 individuals and 18 legal entities (9 companies and 9 organizations).
This list includes: Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation N. Patrushev, Deputy Head of the Security Council of the Russian Federation R. Nurgaliev, Head of the FSB of the Russian Federation A. Bortnikov, Head of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation M. Fradkov, Head of the Chechen Republic R. Kadyrov, Governor of Krasnodar region A. Tkachev.
Organizations included in the sanctions list: administrations of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, “Federal State of Novorossiya”, “ International Union public associations", the Army of the South-East, the people's militia of Donbass, the self-defense militia "Lugansk Guard", the battalion "Vostok", the paramilitary organization "Sobol".
Enterprises included in the sanctions list: Kerch ferry crossing, Kerch sea trade port, Sevastopol sea trade port, Universal-Avia enterprise (Simferopol), Azov distillery (Dzhankoy district), industrial and agricultural association "Massandra" , agricultural firm "Magarach" (Bakhchisarai region), Champagne Wine Factory "New World" (Sudak), sanatorium "Nizhnyaya Oreanda" (Yalta).
As before, the sanctions include a ban on entry and freezing of assets in the territory of the European Union.
July 29, 2014 – The United States has expanded the sanctions list of Russian companies to include four more legal entities: United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), VTB Bank, Bank of Moscow, Rosselkhozbank.
The sanctions list includes the largest Russian banks that have limited access to financial markets: Sberbank, VTB, Vnesheconombank, Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank. European investors are prohibited from purchasing new shares, bonds and similar financial instruments issued by designated financial institutions (with a maturity of more than 90 days) on the primary and secondary markets worldwide.
Restrictions have been imposed on the supply of modern technologies to Russia for oil industry, trade in dual-use goods (civil and military). An arms embargo is established.
The Russian National Commercial Bank (RNCB), the Almaz-Antey air defense concern, and the Dobrolet airline also fell under EU sanctions. The financial assets of these companies in the EU (if any) must be frozen.
In addition, personal restrictions (visa and financial) were applied to the First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation A. Gromov, Russian businessmen A. Rotenberg, Yu. Kovalchuk, N. Shamalov.
September 12, 2014 – The European Union has imposed sanctions against the Russian oil companies Rosneft, Gazprom Neft and Transneft.
In addition, the United Aviation Corporation, the Oboronprom holding, and the Uralvagonzavod enterprise are included in the new EU sanctions list. These companies will also have limited access to the financial markets of the European Union.
European companies were prohibited from supplying dual-use products to Russian defense enterprises: Kalashnikov JSC, Almaz-Antey air defense concern, Basalt NPO, Tula Arms Plant JSC, NPK Mechanical Engineering Technologies, Stankoinstrument JSC, Chemkompozit JSC ", JSC "Sirius", JSC "High-precision complexes".
Restrictions have been introduced on the export to Russia of equipment and technologies necessary for the development of raw material deposits on the shelf.
Financial restrictions have been tightened in relation to five Russian banks that were previously included in the sanctions list - Sberbank, VTB, Vnesheconombank, Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank.
Thus, a ban has been introduced on transactions with newly issued bonds and other securities of these banks with a circulation period of more than 30 days (the previous restriction was 90 days). European residents are prohibited from providing investment services to them.
24 individuals are also included in the sanctions list. Along with representatives of the DPR and LPR, it included: the head of Rostec S. Chemezov, member of the Federation Council Y. Vorobyov, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation V. Zhirinovsky, V. Vasiliev, N. Levichev, V. Nikitin, L. Kalashnikov, O Lebedev, I. Melnikov, I. Lebedev, S. Zhurova, V. Vodolatsky.
September 12, 2014 – The United States has introduced new sanctions against Russian companies. The sanctions list includes:
– the largest Russian bank– “Sberbank”;
– energy corporations Gazprom, Surgutneftegaz, LUKOIL, Gazprom Neft, Transneft;
– defense and high-tech corporations – air defense concern “Almaz Antey”, “Machine-building plant named after M.I. Kalinin”, “Mytishchi machine-building plant”, OJSC “Research Institute of Instrument Engineering named after V.V. Tikhomirov”, Dolgoprudny Research and Production Enterprise (DNPP).
These companies have limited access to financial markets.
A ban has been introduced on the supply of goods, services and technologies for the development of deposits in deep-sea areas and the shelf of the Arctic seas.
November 29, 2014 – The European Union imposed sanctions against 13 individuals, as well as organizations: “Donetsk Republic”, “Free Donbass”, “People’s Union”, “Peace for Lugansk Region”, “Lugansk Economic Union”.
December 19, 2014 – The United States announced the addition of 17 people to the sanctions list, as well as organizations: “People’s Militia of Donbass”, the “South-East” and “Novorossiya” movements, the “Marshall Capital” fund, the biker club “Night Wolves”, “Oplot”, ProFactor company.
In addition, the following are prohibited:
– import into the country of any goods, technologies or services from Crimea;
– export, sale, re-export or delivery from its territory, as well as by persons who are US citizens, of any goods, technologies or services to Crimea.
February 16, 2015 - The European Union added 19 people and 9 organizations to the sanctions list, including the Novorossiya movement, the Cossack National Guard, the Prizrak brigade, the Kalmius, Somalia, Sparta, Zarya, and Oplot battalions ", "Death".
March 4, 2015 – The United States extended the previously imposed sanctions against Russia for one year.
March 11, 2015 – The United States imposed sanctions against 14 individuals, as well as against the Russian National Commercial Bank and the Eurasian Youth Union.
March 13, 2015 – The EU announced an extension until September 15, 2015. previously imposed sanctions against 151 individuals and 37 legal entities.
June 2, 2015 – a decision was made to limit free access to the European Parliament for the Russian Ambassador, and parliamentary cooperation within the framework of the Russian Federation-EU Committee was suspended.
June 24, 2015 – The United States announced the introduction of penalties for any foreign banks that carry out financial transactions with Russian individuals and legal entities previously included in the sanctions lists.
Offending foreign banks may be prohibited from opening correspondent accounts in the United States, and existing correspondent accounts may be subject to severe restrictions.
The sanctions list includes 11 individuals and more than 20 companies, including:
– state management company “Russian Direct Investment Fund”;
– Kerch ferry crossing and five sea ports in Crimea;
– Roseximbank, Globex Bank, Svyaz-Bank, SME Bank, All-Russian Regional Development Bank;
– structures of Vnesheconombank and Rosneft;
– Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, Izhmash Concern.
- "Rosoboronexport"
– aircraft manufacturing corporation “MiG”,
– “Instrument Engineering Design Bureau” (Tula),
- "Kathod" company,
– NPO Mashinostroyenia Corporation,
as well as any of their subsidiaries.
An additional 34 individuals and legal entities are included in the sanctions lists.
The SDN List (the so-called “black list”) includes: Genbank, Mosoblbank, Inresbank, Kraiinvestbank, etc.
The sectoral sanctions included the “subsidiaries” of Sberbank, VTB and Rostec, including Cetelem Bank, Yandex. Money, VTB 24, Novikombank.
The sanctions list includes: Mostotrest (subcontractor for the construction of the bridge across the Kerch Strait), SGM-Most, Sovfracht, FKU Uprdor Taman, FAU Glavgosexpertiza of Russia, JSC Institute Giprostroymost, JSC "Zvezdochka Ship Repair Center" and others.
September 7, 2016 – The United States has expanded the sanctions list by including 11 Russian companies in the Entity List of the Ministry of Commerce, including: Angstrem, Mikron, Technopol, NPF Mikran JSC, Foreign Economic Association Radioexport, NPO Granat, Perm research and production instrument-making company, etc.
Among them: IFD "Kapital", private military company "Wagner", affiliated companies"Transneft", "Concord-catering", "Concord Management and Consulting", "Bike Center", etc.
August 2, 2017 – US President D. Trump signed the Law on new sanctions against the Russian Federation (as well as Iran and North Korea), providing for their phased introduction.
Including:
– tightening restrictions for American credit institutions to finance Russian banks and corporations that were previously included in the sanctions lists.
The terms for providing loans for them are reduced from 30 to 14 days and from 90 to 60 days.
– strengthening sectoral sanctions against the Russian oil sector, including a ban on the provision of technologies, supplies of equipment and services for oil production in the Arctic, on the deep-water shelf and from shale deposits.
Now not only structures controlled by sanctioned companies and individuals may fall under them, but also those in whose capital the share of these companies (individuals) exceeds 33%.
– the decision to start the third stage should be taken in the White House: we are talking about a ban on investments in pipeline projects of the Russian Federation (including Turkish Stream, Power of Siberia, Nord Stream 2), expansion of sanctions lists for metallurgical enterprises, introduction of new personal sanctions against richest people Russia.
In addition, it is planned to introduce sanctions against 39 Russian structures, including defense enterprises (Kalashnikov, Almaz-Antey, etc.), aircraft manufacturing concerns (Sukhoi, Tupolev), as well as the FSB, GRU and SVR.
The SDN List includes 21 individuals and 21 organizations.
Among the individuals subject to restrictions by the US Treasury are Deputy. Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation A. Cherezov, Director of the Department of Operational Control and Management in the Electric Power Industry E. Grabchak, Head of Technopromexport S. Topor-Gilka.
Among the companies are CJSC VO Technopromexport, Power Machines, LLC Media-Invest, Surgutneftegazbank, insurance company Surgutneftegaz, LLC Kaliningradnefteprodukt, Novgorodnefteprodukt, Pskovnefteprodukt, Tvernefteprodukt, Kirishiavtoservis, Lengiproneftekhim LLC, etc.
Stay in the so-called The SDN List imposes more stringent restrictions than sectoral sanctions.
It deprives companies of access to long-term financing, without prohibiting other transactions involving them.
March 15, 2018 – The United States included 14 individuals and one Russian company (Internet Research Agency) on the sanctions list.
According to the American side, for attempting to influence the elections in the United States in 2016.
Their assets will be frozen in the United States, and citizens of the country will be prohibited from doing any business with them.
24 individuals are included in the SDN List (Specially Designated Nationals) of the Ministry of Finance: V. Vekselberg, O. Deripaska, S. Kerimov, I. Rotenberg, A. Kostin, A. Miller, N. Patrushev, V. Kolokoltsev, V. Zolotov , M. Fradkov, V. Ustinov, K. Kosachev, A. Akimov, V. Bogdanov, A. Dyumin, S. Fursenko, O. Govorun, V. Reznik, K. Shamalov, E. Shkolov, A. Skoch, A Torshin, T. Valiulin, A. Zharov.
In addition, 15 companies were subject to sanctions: Rosoboronexport, Renova, Basic Element, Rusal, En+ Group, GAZ Group, Russian Machines, Russian Financial Corporation Bank, Kuban Agroholding, Gazprom Burenie ", Eurosibenergo", "Ladoga Management", NPV Engineering, B-Finance LTD, Gallistica Diamante.
The “black list” includes companies that took part in the construction of the Crimean Bridge: PJSC Mostotrest, LLC Stroygazmontazh, JSC Giprostroymost Institute - St. Petersburg, JSC Shipbuilding Plant Zaliv, LLC Stroygazmontazh - Most, JSC “VAD”.
– two citizens of the Russian Federation (M. Tsarev and A. Nagibin) – in connection with their activities in cyberspace,
– two Russian legal entities – the shipping company “Hudson” and Primorye Maritime Logistics (both based in Vladivostok),
– 6 cargo ships under Russian flags (“Patriot”, “Neptune”, “Bella”, “Bogatyr”, “Partizan”, “Sevastopol”) - in connection with sanctions against the DPRK.
– a ban on licensing arms supplies to Russian state-owned companies,
– a ban on any assistance from the Russian Federation (except for urgent humanitarian aid), supplies food products or agricultural goods,
– a ban on providing loans and financial support to the Russian authorities.
September 20, 2018 – The United States included in the sanctions list 27 individuals and 6 companies associated with the defense and intelligence sector, including: Wagner PMC, Oboronlogistics LLC, Yu. A. Gagarin Aviation Plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (produces Sukhoi aircraft ).
September 25, 2018 – The US Department of Commerce has imposed restrictions against 12 Russian companies:
"Infotex", Research Institute "Vector", scientific and production enterprise "Gamma and Cyrus Systems", Nilco Group, "Aerocomposite", scientific and production enterprise "Technology", design bureau "Aviadvigatel", scientific and production corporation "Precision Instrumentation Systems" , Research Institute "Vega", "Divetechnoservice", scientific and production enterprise "Okeanos".
A ban has been introduced on the supply of goods of American origin to these companies that are subject to United States export control regulations.
Three individuals and nine legal entities have been added to the blacklists, including KrymCHPP, the Ai-Petri, Miskhor and Dulber sanatoriums.
November 20, 2018 – The US Treasury has imposed sanctions on two Russian companies: FSUE Promsyreimport and Global Vision Group.
Restrictive measures were introduced against 18 individuals and 4 media outlets: FAN news agency, Economy Today LLC, Nevskie Novosti LLC, and the Internet resource usareally.com.
March 15, 2019 – The US Department of the Treasury added 6 individuals - citizens of the Russian Federation and 8 companies - to the sanctions list.
Including: Oceanpribor concern, Zvezda PJSC, Fiolent plant, Sudocomposite design and technology bureau, Yaroslavl and Zelenodolsk shipyards, Consol-Stroy enterprise, New Projects company.
The topic of sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia is one of the most discussed in the political space today.
Some experts believe that sanctions are disastrous for our economy, and their extension will lead to extremely negative consequences. Others, on the contrary, are full of optimism and are confident that sanctions will help our economy get rid of external dependence. The truth, as always, is somewhere in the middle.
What are sanctions?
Sanctions are usually understood as certain restrictions imposed on any type of activity, company, organization or individual person. The obstacles created can be comprehensive or related to specific areas.
Thus, in trade, sanctions may concern certain types of goods or completely prohibit import or export relations with a certain state. It is believed to be an effective method of pressure to force individual countries to comply with international norms. In practice, this is one of the ways to interfere in the internal affairs of states, which is used to achieve the US and its allies’ own geopolitical goals.
Reasons for imposing sanctions on the Russian Federation
The main reason for the emergence of sanctions against Russia by Western countries is the independent foreign policy pursued by our country in last decade. Its most striking expression was the reunification of Crimea with the rest of Russia and the support provided to the unrecognized republics of Donbass.
The West believes that Russia did not have the right to defend its interests in Crimea and the interests of the Russian-speaking population of Donbass. The West is accustomed to using this privilege alone and does not want to put up with such a striking example of opposition to its policies, fearing that other countries will also try to become more independent in defending their own interests.
Economic anti-Russian sanctions
The list of economic sanctions imposed by the United States, the countries of the British Commonwealth and the European Union is quite long. But its most sensitive points are the restriction of investment in a number of sectors of the Russian economy, as well as the ban on the supply of equipment for these sectors. These are energy, telecommunications, oil and gas and mineral extraction, transport and infrastructure. In addition, a boycott was declared by the above countries and organizations against Crimean companies and Russian enterprises operating in Crimea.
The greatest negative impact on the Russian economy was the ban on investing in the financial sector, as well as on the provision of loans to the five leading Russian banks. It was this factor, combined with an unprecedented drop in international prices, that became the main reason for such a sharp depreciation of the Russian ruble. 
Subsequently, economic sanctions against the Russian Federation were introduced by Ukraine and some European countries that are not members of the EU.
Political anti-Russian sanctions
The sanctions policy pursued by the United States towards Russia was supported by the countries of the British Commonwealth and the European Union. It consists of limiting the presence of Russian representatives in a number of international organizations controlled by the West. Russia's participation in PACE, the informal "club of the world's leading states" G8, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and some other organizations was suspended.
In addition, personal bans were introduced for a number of Russian politicians from entering states that supported the sanctions, and the accounts of these individuals in banks in the United States, Europe and the British Commonwealth were blocked. The sanctions also affected the military sphere: military cooperation with Western countries was suspended, previously concluded contracts for the supply of military equipment and equipment were cancelled.
Russia's response
The Russian government in response to the imposition of sanctions by Western countries:
— banned a number of politicians and government officials from the United States and other countries from entering the territory of the Russian Federation;
— accelerated work on putting into operation our own payment system;
— launched an import substitution program, thanks to which new enterprises have appeared and continue to appear in the country, producing high-tech products that were previously purchased abroad;
— introduced the import into Russia of a number of agricultural products, raw materials and food from countries on the anti-Russian sanctions list;
— limited government purchases of light industrial goods in Western countries.
Results of sanctions
According to many experts, the policy of sanctions negatively affects not only Russia, but also European countries.
For the Russian Federation, the result of economic sanctions was a noticeable drop in the standard of living of the population, caused by rising prices for imported goods and an increase in the cost of lending, economic stagnation and an increased level of inflation. At the same time, the positive impact of sanctions on a number of industries cannot be denied. Thus, the country’s agriculture, thanks to the withdrawal of European competitors from the market, has been able to significantly increase the volume of agricultural products over the past two years.
A logical consequence of the sanctions was a gradual reorientation of Russia towards cooperation with Asian countries, primarily with China. In the political sphere, the Western sanctions policy turned out to be a complete failure, since hopes for the “isolation” of Russia were absolutely not justified.
For European countries, sanctions resulted in significant losses in the engineering, automotive and electronics industries, agriculture and a number of other industries. The tourism sector of European countries has also suffered significantly, since due to the depreciation of the ruble, Russians today prefer to vacation not abroad, but within the country. 
The EU countries most affected by sanctions were Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Finland. Ukraine said its economy has lost $15 billion due to restrictions imposed by Russia. Despite very significant losses, EU countries cannot abandon anti-Russian sanctions, since they are deprived of the opportunity to pursue an economic policy independent of the United States.
Today, one of the most pressing topics is the application of sanctions against the Russian Federation by the European Union and the United States. The fairness of such actions in relation to our country raises many questions and disputes, as do the events that gave rise to them. But at the moment, something else is important: what goal are pursued by those who have imposed such political and economic restrictions on Russia? And what are the consequences of these sanctions? To answer these questions, it is necessary to consider both theoretical and practical aspects of the problem.
Concept
In the broad sense of the word, a sanction is a measure of influence aimed at restricting any type of activity. Sanctions are expressed in a ban on the implementation of various trade and economic agreements, measures to impede the political activities of a certain company or the state as a whole. Such restrictions can be partial or complete. For example, if we consider trade sanctions, the ban may apply to the import or export of a specific product. A full-fledged sanction implies a ban on all economic relations of a company or country with other subjects of a market economy.
Such measures of influence also have a downside. Sometimes the subject of a trade or political sphere who applies sanctions against another entity suffers more than the one to whom these prohibitions were addressed. After all, a state whose certain activities are prohibited can establish retaliatory restrictions. That is why we should not forget that a sanction is an ambiguous phenomenon, the appearance of which can lead to unpredictable consequences.
Types of prohibitions
In the context of the current political situation, it is necessary to consider penalties in international law. They should never be confused with responsibility. Thus, the country that violates the agreements bears responsibility for its misconduct. Sanctions, in turn, can be applied by the state whose rights have been violated. The violator of international treaties is obliged to bear responsibility for his illegal actions, and the injured party has the right to apply sanctions.
There are two types of prohibitions: collective and individual. Collective restrictions are those that follow in response to violations of international law and imply the suspension of membership in an alliance with other states, as well as a collective armed conflict with the offender.
Individual sanctions are most often associated with any legal restrictions on the activities of a particular state, the rupture of trade and other agreements, non-recognition of the position of the offender, and strengthened self-defense in the event of armed clashes.
Purposes of restrictions
Penalties usually serve several purposes. Firstly, such restrictions are aimed at changing the political system of the violating state. Political prohibitions may also apply to a particular area of activity. A change in the government regime, by the way, will most likely be an impetus for a change political orientation, so the sanction is enough effective way achieve changes in your own interests in this area.
Secondly, sanctions are aimed at reducing the number of weapons a particular state has. Such actions help reduce the risk of armed confrontations and hostilities throughout the country.
Thirdly, sanctions may prohibit the entry of any individuals into the territory of a certain state or, on the contrary, force some people to leave the territory of a certain country.
Sanctions against the Russian Federation
The main political leaders of the Western powers have come to the decision that the Russian Federation is carrying out many military and political operations illegally. In this regard, our country was subjected to a number of restrictions, which significantly affected the lives of the top officials of the state and ordinary residents.
Russians faced two types of sanctions: economic and political. The former have already been reflected in rising prices for imported goods and rising dollar and euro exchange rates.
Economic sanctions against Russia
Sanctions against the Russian Federation are measures from which our country has been suffering over the past year. Or does he not suffer? In any case, restrictions for “violations” of international law were imposed on Russia. What economic sanctions have the European Union and the United States imposed on the Russian Federation? First of all, this is an artificial growth of the euro and dollar, not supported by anything. For the first time in the history of international relations, the exchange rate of Western currencies was so high against the ruble. Today the situation has stabilized a little, but the rate still remains extremely high. All this threatened and continues to threaten a financial crisis and even a collapse and depreciation of the Russian currency.
As a result, many goods imported from European countries have become more expensive. World trade marks increased the amount that Russian companies must pay to produce products on their territory.
This is exactly what economic sanctions have become. The Russian Federation, according to experts, will not be able to emerge from the financial crisis earlier than in two years.
Political sanctions against the Russian Federation
A sanction is not only an economic, but also a political restriction. The countries of the European Union and the United States, as a “punishment” for the illegal, in their opinion, actions of the Russian Federation towards Ukraine, banned a group of Russian officials and oligarchs from entering their territory, and also froze their accounts in foreign banks.
Barack Obama, by the way, never came to support American athletes at the Winter Olympics in Sochi last year. All this is an expression of hostility towards Russian politics, disrespect for world traditions.
Did such actions towards Russia lead to anything? Political sanctions have not produced any significant results. Of course, it has become much more difficult for citizens of our country to obtain a visa to the States and European countries; it now costs more, but in general the sanctions did not affect foreign policy Russian Federation in relation to Ukraine.
Methods of confrontation
Many economic and political prohibitions were introduced against our country. But the West itself already understands the disadvantage of severing relations with the Russian Federation, since many Eurozone countries have felt the impact of Russia’s retaliatory sanctions. In our country there are branches of more than 20 German companies, which, due to economic restrictions, are losing money, since the purchasing power of Russians has sharply decreased over Last year. In addition, approximately 300 thousand workers in Germany depend on trade relations with the Russian Federation, so EU sanctions hit not only our country, but also its key members.
Many European countries, by the way, oppose sanctions against the Russian Federation. States such as Italy, Greece, Hungary, Austria, Spain do not want to continue punitive measures, since it is not profitable for them to spoil trade and political relations with such a strong power.
Possible consequences of sanctions
One of the main consequences for our state may be the impossibility of conducting financial transactions through some EU countries. That is, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance will have to look for ways to solve this problem through the territories of other states.
What other difficulties will Western sanctions entail? Russia will not be able, for example, to achieve significant economic growth(no more than 2-2.5%). According to experts, GDP may increase by only 1%. There remains a risk of reduced investment from both foreign and domestic enterprises in the event of a heated foreign policy situation.
Complete list of all sanctions against RussiaFor more than two months, anti-Russian hysteria has been going on in the West, aimed at fooling ordinary people and creating the image of Russia as an external enemy. Especially for you, we have prepared a complete list of sanctions imposed by a number of states, from which it is easy to conclude that, in fact, a serious deterioration in relations is not beneficial to anyone, and belligerent rhetoric is just words for PR for politicians...
In response to Russia's actions in Crimea, the European Union, the United States, Canada and a number of other countries announced the introduction of sanctions. The measures include asset freezes and visa restrictions for designated individuals, as well as bans on companies in sanctioned countries from doing business with designated individuals and entities.
Current sanctions against Russia:
Elena Mizulina was banned from entering the country and more than 10 sanctions were imposed
Stopped the process of creating a free trade zone with the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan and 3 more sanctions
Stopped broadcasting of the Rossiya TV channel due to “biased coverage of the situation in Ukraine” and another sanction
Expelled all Russian military personnel from its territory and 7 more sanctions
Limits the period of stay for Russian citizens to a limit of 90 days and 12 more sanctions
Vladimir Putin:
“The deep values of Russians and Europeans are the same. Yes, we are different, but we have the same interests and I have said more than once that we need to create single space. And if we do not build a united Europe and engage in separatism, we will occupy an insignificant place in the world.”
Consequences of sanctions against Russia
What sanctions were imposed against Russia in 2014? In response to Russia's actions in Crimea, the European Union, the United States, Canada and a number of other countries announced the introduction of sanctions. The measures include asset freezes and visa restrictions for designated individuals, as well as bans on companies in sanctioned countries from doing business with designated individuals and entities.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development By decision of the governing council, it suspended the process of accepting Russia into its membership and announced strengthening cooperation with Ukraine
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (abbr. OECD, English Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) is an international economic organization of developed countries that recognize the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization:
Suspended military and civilian meetings with Russia, and also abandoned plans for joint military missions.
Suspended practical cooperation with Russia and excluded it from the process of eliminating Syrian chemical weapons.
Suspended all forms of cooperation with Russia, except for negotiations at the ambassadorial level and above.
The Parliamentary Assembly of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has ceased cooperation with the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Closed free access to the headquarters to all employees of the Russian mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the exception of the ambassador, his deputy and two assistants.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, the North Atlantic Alliance is a military-political bloc that unites most European countries, the USA and Canada. Founded on April 4, 1949 in the USA "to protect Europe from Soviet influence."
European Union:
On March 6, 2014, he suspended negotiations with Russia on visa facilitation and a new basic agreement.
By a decision of the Council of the European Union of March 17, 2014, it introduced sanctions against Russian and Crimean politicians and officials (individuals), in particular: banning them from entering the territory of the European Union or transit, as well as freezing “all funds and economic resources that belong to, are in owned or controlled by these persons."
On March 20, 2014, he canceled the EU-Russia summit scheduled for June of the same year.
On March 21, 2014, “due to the gravity of the situation,” the list of persons against whom sanctions are being imposed was supplemented with 12 names of government and military figures of the Russian Federation and Crimea, as well as the head of the Russia Today agency D. Kiselyov.
On March 25, 2014, it banned its embassies in Russia from issuing all types of visas to residents of Crimea.
On April 17, 2014, the European Parliament adopted a resolution of an advisory nature, in which he called for abandoning the construction of the South Stream gas pipeline.
On April 28, 2014, he decided to expand the list of persons against whom sanctions are imposed by 15 people, whose names were published on April 29 of the same year
The European Union (European Union, EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European states. Aimed at regional integration, the Union was legally established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 (entering into force on 1 November 1993) on the principles of the European Communities.
Council of Europe canceled all planned events in Russia, deprived the Russian delegation of voting rights and banned its representatives from holding leadership positions in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and also banned Russian representatives from participating in observer missions of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe until the end of 2014.
The Council of Europe is an international organization promoting cooperation between all European countries in the field of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural interaction. Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe is Europe's oldest international organization. It consists of 47 states, home to more than 800 million people.
European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation banned air travel to Crimea as well as flights in the airspace of Crimea.
Eurocontrol is a European organization for the safety of air navigation, founded in 1960. It is an international organization working for a seamless, pan-European air traffic management system. Eurocontrol is a public organization and currently has 40 member states; its headquarters are in Haren, City of Brussels. Eurocontrol coordinates and plans air traffic control for the whole of Europe.
G8 "Big Eight" suspended preparations by leading Western countries for the G8 summit in June in Sochi and suspended Russia's participation. 
The Group of Eight (G8), the Big Eight, is an international club that unites the governments of Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, the USA, France and Japan.
The same name is given to the informal forum of the leaders of these countries (with the participation of the European Commission), within the framework of which approaches to pressing international problems are coordinated.
Selected countries
Australia:
Canceled a number of government visits to Russia.
It froze the accounts and also banned the entry of eight Russian citizens and four Ukrainian citizens, “who play an important role in the Russian threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.”
Albania
Bulgaria dismantled the South Stream pipes on its territory.
Great Britain suspended military cooperation with Russia, including stopping the supply of military supplies to Russia and canceling planned joint military exercises.
Germany:
Suspended the implementation of a military contract with Russia worth 120 million euros.
Stopped the export of defense products to Russia.
Freezes the sale of satellite technologies worth up to 700 million euros.
She refused to participate in the annual intergovernmental German-Russian consultations within the framework of the St. Petersburg Dialogue.
Stopped exporting military products to Russia.
Iceland joined the European Union sanctions against Russia.
Canada:
Stopped military cooperation with Russia.
She expelled all Russian military personnel from her territory.
Introduced a ban on entry into the country and froze the assets of seven Russian and three Crimean officials.
Introduced sanctions against open joint stock company"Joint Stock Bank "Russia"" and added 14 more Russian officials to its sanctions list.
She expelled the deputy military attaché of the Russian Embassy from her territory.
Imposed sanctions against the Chairman of the Sevastopol Election Commission Valery Medvedev, the Chairman of the Crimean Election Commission Mikhail Malyshev and the Chernomorneftegaz company.
As the chairing state of the Arctic Council, she refused to participate in its working meetings held in Moscow.
Refused to launch the M3MSat microsatellite using a Russian rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Introduced additional economic sanctions against nine Russian officials, as well as Expobank and RosEnergoBank.
The Canadian list almost completely replicates the US sanctions list.
Latvia:
Suspended military cooperation with Russia.
Stopped broadcasting of the Rossiya TV channel due to “biased coverage of the situation in Ukraine.”
Moldova joined the European Union sanctions against Russia.
Netherlands suspended military cooperation with Russia.
Norway:
Suspended participation in negotiations on the creation of a free trade area between the European Free Trade Association and the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
Suspended military cooperation with Russia until the end of May 2014.
New Zealand suspended negotiations with the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan on the creation of a free trade zone and recalled Trade Minister Tim Groser from Moscow.
Poland:**
Canceled the forum of regions with Russia.
Poczta Polska has stopped delivering letters and parcels intended for residents of Crimea.
United States of America (USA):
On March 4, 2014, investment and military cooperation with Russia was frozen, and bilateral negotiations and conference planning were also cancelled.
On March 17, US President Barack Obama announced the signing of an executive order that imposes sanctions against a number of Russian officials in the form of freezing their bank accounts, seizing property and refusing to issue entry visas. Seven people are listed by name in the decree, but the text also mentions the right of the Secretary of the Treasury to add to the list in consultation with the Secretary of State. The list includes: E.B. Mizulina - Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children; L.E. Slutsky - Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Affairs of the Commonwealth of Independent States; A.A. Klishas - Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Constitutional Legislation; IN AND. Matvienko - Chairman of the Federation Council; BEFORE. Rogozin - Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation; V.Yu. Surkov - Aide to the President of the Russian Federation; S.Yu. Glazyev is an adviser to the president. The American corporation Morgan Stanley noted that the West is in no hurry to impose sanctions against Russia, “as this will significantly worsen the economic situation in Europe.”
On March 20, they expanded the list of Russian high-ranking officials against whom sanctions were imposed, and also imposed sanctions against Rossiya Bank, called “the personal bank for senior officials of the Russian Federation” and large Russian businessmen who were considered related business relations with President V.V. Putin (G.N. Timchenko, brothers A.R. and B.R. Rotenberg, Yu.V. Kovalchuk).
On March 27, they suspended cooperation with Russia in the fight against drugs, and also suspended the issuance of licenses to American companies to export “potentially dangerous products” to Russia.
On March 28, licensing for the export of defense goods and services to Russia was stopped.
On March 30, the work of the Russian-American presidential commission was stopped.
On April 2, a number of projects with Russia within the framework of a bilateral presidential commission, as well as some areas of cooperation between law enforcement agencies, were suspended, and funding for their implementation was redirected to Ukraine.
On April 3, they suspended consultations with Russia in the field of missile defense, and also suspended cooperation in the space sector, with the exception of the International Space Station project and on a number of projects in the field of peaceful nuclear energy.
On April 7, they stopped cooperation with Russia within the framework of the Nunn-Lugar program, and also denied access to Russian citizens to Department of Energy facilities, including Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.
On April 11, sanctions were introduced against seven representatives of the Crimean leadership and the Chernomorneftegaz company.
On April 28, sanctions were introduced against 7 government officials of the Russian Federation and 17 Russian companies. They also banned the sale of high-tech goods to Russia that could enhance combat effectiveness. Russian army and canceled previously issued licenses for their supply.
The first Russian companies to fall under US sanctions were the Rossiya and Sobinbank banks. Plastic issued by these banks Visa cards and MasterCard have ceased to be serviced worldwide. Subsequently, sanctions were introduced against other companies associated with Vladimir Putin's inner circle: AquaNika LLC, Avia Group LLC, Avia Group Nord LLC, Zest CJSC, InvestCapitalBank, Sobinbank, Sakhatrans, SMP Bank, Stroygazmontazh ", Stroytransgaz, LLC Stroytransgaz, OJSC Stroytransgaz, LLC Stroytransgaz-M, Stroytransgaz Holding, IC Abros, LLC Transoil and Volga Group. Their assets are frozen, and 13 companies from this list will henceforth need licenses to export products from the United States “with a presumption of refusal to export, re-export and other foreign transfers.”
Ukraine:
Stopped broadcasting the TV channels Vesti, Rossiya 24, Channel One. World Wide Web", "RTR Planet" and "NTV Mir" on their territory.
Freezes supplies of weapons and military equipment to Russia.
Limits the period of stay for Russian citizens to 90 days.
Stopped pumping Russian gas into its underground storage facilities.
Joined the European Union sanctions against Russia.
Banned more than 100 officials - Russian citizens who supported the annexation of Crimea to Russia - from entering its territory.
Significantly strengthened border control of those arriving from Russia and Crimea: limited entry for male citizens of the Russian Federation aged 16 to 60 years who travel alone, with the exception of cases of traveling to relatives, to funerals, with certified original invitations from legal entities and individuals or with the permission of the State Border Service itself.
Restricted entry for male Ukrainian citizens with Crimean registration aged 16 to 60 years who are traveling alone, with the exception of cases of traveling to visit relatives with a serious illness, if they have tickets for other planes, tourist vouchers, or based on informing Ukrainian border guards.
Introduced filtration and verification measures for Ukrainian citizens with Crimean female registration aged 20 to 35 years.
The restrictions do not apply to Russians and Crimeans who arrived with families that include children.
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine has ceased cooperation with the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
It blocked the flow of water to the Crimean Peninsula through the North Crimean Canal.
France:
Announced its intention to terminate a contract to build warships for Russia and suspended most military cooperation with Russia, including exchanges of visits and joint exercises.
Switzerland:
Stopped the process of creating a free trade zone with the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
Took note of the sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States and decided to take all necessary measures to ensure that Swiss territory is not used to circumvent them. She also confirmed that visa restrictions introduced by the European Union apply to its territory in accordance with the Schengen Agreement.
Freezes military cooperation with Russia.
It introduced restrictions on the financial transactions of 33 officials from Russia, against whom the European Union had previously imposed sanctions.
Expanded its sanctions list by another 15 people. Sanctions were imposed against ten citizens of Russia and five representatives of south-eastern Ukraine. Restrictions on financial transactions are introduced against these people, and they are also prohibited from entering Switzerland.
Sweden stopped military cooperation with Russia.
Montenegro joined the European Union sanctions against Russia.
Czech
Česká pošta has stopped delivering letters and parcels intended for residents of Crimea.
Estonia froze assets and property belonging to the mayor of Sevastopol Alexey Chaloy, as well as his companies AS Tavrida Electric Export and Tavrida Electric Holding AG.
Japan:
Stopped negotiations on liberalizing the visa regime for Russian citizens and suspended negotiations on signing investment agreements, preventing dangerous military activities and cooperation in the field of astronautics with Russia.
Canceled and stopped issuing visas to 23 employees of Russian government agencies and other persons
There are 21 people on the list in total.
On March 17, Canadian authorities imposed economic sanctions and visa restrictions on 10 high-ranking representatives of Russia and Crimea. The list included Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Rogozin, Prime Minister of Crimea Sergei Aksenov, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation Sergei Glazyev, Assistant to the Head of State Vladislav Surkov, Speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko and Senator Andrei Klishas, as well as deputies Elena Mizulina and Leonid Slutsky and Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea Vladimir Konstantinov.
On March 20, the American list was supplemented with the names of 19 more Russian officials, parliamentarians and businessmen. The list included assistant to the President of the Russian Federation Andrei Fursenko, head of the presidential administration Sergei Ivanov and his first deputy Alexei Gromov, leader of the A Just Russia party Sergei Mironov, State Duma Speaker Sergei Naryshkin, head of the GRU Igor Sergun, head of Russian Railways Vladimir Yakunin and director of the Federal Drug Control Service Viktor Ivanov . Sanctions were also imposed against the deputy chairman of the State Duma Sergei Zheleznyak and the head of the presidential affairs Vladimir Kozhin, entrepreneurs Yuri Kovalchuk, Arkady and Boris Rotenberg and Gennady Timchenko. In addition, the list included members of the Federation Council Evgeny Bushmin, Vladimir Dzhabarov, Viktor Ozerov, Oleg Panteleev, Nikolai Ryzhkov and Alexander Totoonov. Sanctions were also imposed against the bank OJSC AB Rossiya. The US Treasury explained the inclusion of Russian businessmen in the sanctions list by the fact that they are all persons close to the President of Russia.
On March 21, EU leaders decided to move to the second level of sanctions against Russia “due to the gravity of the situation in Ukraine.” The expanded list included 12 more citizens of Russia and Ukraine, including Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation Sergei Glazyev, Chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko. In addition, the list includes Speaker of the State Duma Sergei Naryshkin, Deputy Elena Mizulina, Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation Vladislav Surkov and General Director of the International news agency"Russia Today" Dmitry Kiselev. The list also included First Deputy Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Rear Admiral Alexander Nosatov, Deputy Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Rear Admiral Valery Kulikov, Head of the Central Election Commission of Crimea Mikhail Malyshev, Head of the Sevastopol Election Commission Valery Medvedev, Deputy Chief of the Southern Military District Lieutenant General Igor Turchenyuk.
On March 21, Canada included 14 more Russian officials, as well as Rossiya Bank, on its sanctions list in connection with the events in Ukraine.
On April 2, Swiss authorities restricted financial transactions for 33 Russian officials included in the EU sanctions list.
On April 11, the United States imposed sanctions against the Crimean company Chernomorneftegaz and Crimean officials. Those subject to sanctions were the mayor of Sevastopol Alexei Chaly, the first deputy prime minister of Crimea Rustam Temirgaliev, the heads of the Crimean and Sevastopol election commissions Mikhail Malyshev and Valery Medvedev, the adviser to the speaker of the State Council of Crimea Yuri Zherebtsov, the ex-head of the Crimean department of the Security Service of Ukraine Petr Zima and a member of the Russian Federation Council from Crimea Sergey Tsekov.
On April 11, Montenegro, Iceland, Albania, Norway and Ukraine joined the individual EU sanctions adopted on March 17 and expanded on March 21. On April 12, Canada imposed sanctions against the head of the Sevastopol election commission, Valery Medvedev, and his colleague from the Crimean election commission, Mikhail Malyshev, as well as against the oil and gas company Chernomorneftegaz.
On April 28, the US authorities again expanded the sanctions list to include seven more Russian citizens and 17 companies. White House press secretary Jay Carney explained this by saying that Russia “did nothing to comply with Geneva obligations.” Carney also accused Moscow of involvement in violence in eastern Ukraine. The sanctions affected Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak, head of Rosneft Igor Sechin, and first deputy head of the Kremlin administration Vyacheslav Volodin. The list also included the presidential envoy to the KFO Oleg Belaventsev, the head of the FSO Evgeny Murov, the head of Rostec Sergei Chemezov and the head of the State Duma Committee on International Affairs Alexey Pushkov.
On the same day, April 28, the decision to expand the sanctions list was made by the European Union, and on April 29 the names of those on the list were published. The EU has expanded the sanctions list by another 15 people. It included Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak, Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the GRU Igor Sergun, Permanent Representative of the Russian President in Crimea Oleg Belaventsev, Head of the Ministry for Crimean Affairs Oleg Savelyev, Deputy Speaker of the State Duma Lyudmila Shvetsova, Vice Speaker of the State Duma Sergei Neverov , Acting Governor of Sevastopol Sergei Menyailo, Senator in the Federation Council from Crimea and Sevastopol Olga Kovatidi, representative of the Lugansk militia German Prokopyev, People's Governor of the Lugansk region Valery Bolotov, leaders of the so-called Donetsk People's Republic Andrei Purgin and Denis Pushilin, deputy head of the Donbass people's militia Sergei Tsyplakov, head of the people's defense of Donbass in Slavyansk Igor Strelkov.
On April 29, Canada's sanctions list included State Duma deputies Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Alexei Pushkov, first deputy head of the Kremlin administration Vyacheslav Volodin, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak, member of the State Duma Committee on International Affairs Alexander Babakov, Russian Presidential Envoy to the Crimean Federal District Oleg Belaventsev, head of the Federal Security Service Evgeny Murov, as well as the Rotenberg brothers. The list of companies included Expobank and Rosenergobank.
On April 29, Japan imposed additional sanctions against 23 Russian government officials who may have been involved in violating the sovereignty of Ukraine. The names of the officials were not released.
On May 2, the Swiss authorities expanded the list of persons subject to financial restrictions by 15 people, in response to the extended EU list.
On May 4, the Prime Minister of Canada announced that sanctions were being imposed against 16 Russian “entities” and apply to the following Russian banks and legal entities: InvestCapitalBank, Sobinbank, Northern Sea Route Bank, Aquanika companies, Avia Group LLC, LLC Avia Group Nord, ZEST CJSC, Sakhatrans LLC, Stroygazmontazh LLC, LLC Investment company Abros", the Volga group, the Stroytransgaz Holding company and its four subsidiaries.
The American authorities also imposed sanctions on a number of Russian defense and raw materials companies. The sanctions list included the Almaz-Antey concern, Uralvagonzavod, NPO Mashinostroeniya and several Rostec structures: the Kalashnikov concerns (formerly Izhmash), Constellation, Radioelectronic Technologies (KRET), Basalt and Konstruktorskoe instrumentation bureau. The largest Russian oil company Rosneft and Russia's largest independent gas producer Novatek, the Feodosia oil terminal, as well as the Russian development bank Vnesheconombank and one of the country's largest commercial banks Gazprombank were sanctioned. Sanctions against Russian banks do not imply a freeze of assets, but a ban on receiving American loans for more than 90 days.
European leaders at their summit on July 16 limited themselves to agreeing to expand the criteria for sanctions and only by the end of July to draw up a list of companies and individuals, including Russian ones, that would be subject to targeted restrictive measures of the European Union.
On July 24, Canada, following the United States, included a number of Russian defense and raw materials companies and banks in its sanctions list. The sanctions included, in particular, Gazprombank, Vnesheconombank and the second largest gas producer in Russia, Novatek. The Canadian Prime Minister explained that the sanctions involve stopping lending to energy companies and financial institutions that are blacklisted.
On July 26, 15 names and 18 legal entities were added to the EU sanctions list. Among them are FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov, Director of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service Mikhail Fradkov, Secretary of the Russian Security Council Nikolai Patrushev, Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov, Deputy Secretary of the Russian Security Council Rashid Nurgaliev, Security Council member Boris Gryzlov, FSB officer Sergei Beseda and State Duma deputy Mikhail Degtyarev . Among the companies are "Kerch Ferry", "Sevastopol Sea Trade Port", "Kerch Sea Trade Port", the state enterprise "Universal-Avia", the sanatorium "Nizhnyaya Oreanda", "Azov Distillery", the national production and agricultural association "Massandra" , agricultural firm "Magarach" and sparkling wine factory "New World".
On August 1, the EU introduced new economic sanctions against Russia. The European Union has limited access to EU capital markets for Russian state-owned banks. These are Sberbank, VTB, Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank, and the state corporation Vnesheconombank, among the five largest credit institutions in the Russian Federation. The European Union has published a list of goods that cannot be exported for a number of projects in the Russian oil industry. It consists of 30 items, including some types of pipes and drilling equipment. The restrictions included new contracts for the import and export of weapons from the Russian Federation and for the sale of dual-use goods to Russia for the defense sector.
The EU also added to the sanctions list the Russian defense concern Almaz-Antey, the low-cost airline Dobrolet, which flies to Crimea, and the Russian National Commercial Bank. The list included the first deputy head of the Russian Presidential Administration Alexei Gromov, four Russian businessmen - shareholders of Rossiya Bank Yuri Kovalchuk and Nikolai Shamalov, businessmen Arkady Rotenberg and Konstantin Malofeev, as well as two representatives of the self-proclaimed people's republics in eastern Ukraine.
Restrictions on investment in Crimea have been approved.
On August 5, the Swiss government expanded the sanctions list in connection with Russia’s position on Ukraine and added 26 citizens of Russia and Ukraine and 18 companies to it. The list, in particular, includes: Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) Alexander Borodai, Director of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service Mikhail Fradkov, Secretary of the Russian Security Council Nikolai Patrushev and Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov.
On the same day, August 5, the Japanese government approved additional sanctions against 40 individuals and the Crimean companies Chernomorneftegaz and Feodosiya. Japan froze the assets of ex-President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych, acting head of the Republic of Crimea Sergei Aksenov, Chairman of the State Council of the Republic Vladimir Konstantinov, former deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of Crimea Rustam Temirgaliev, deputy commander of the Black Sea Fleet Denis Berezovsky, ex-governor of Sevastopol Alexei Chaly, ex-chief of the service security of Sevastopol Peter Zima, adviser to the speaker of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea Yuri Zherebtsov, senators from the Republic of Crimea Sergei Tsekov and Olga Kovitidi, head of the republican Central Election Commission Mikhail Malyshev, head of the election commission of Sevastopol Valery Medvedev, governor of Sevastopol Sergei Menyailo.
The sanctions also included the head of the Russian Federal Migration Service for the Republic of Crimea, Pyotr Yarosh, the head of the Sevastopol department of the FMS, Oleg Kozhura, the Prosecutor of the Crimea, Natalya Poklonskaya, and the Prosecutor of Sevastopol, Igor Shevchenko. The sanctions list also included the commander of the self-defense forces of the proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic Igor Strelkov (Girkin), ataman of the All-Great Don Army Nikolai Kozitsyn.
On August 6, Canada expanded its sanctions list against Russia to include 19 citizens of Russia and Ukraine, as well as five Russian banks. Among the Russian banks included in the list: Bank of Moscow, Rosselkhozbank, Russian National Commercial Bank and VTB Bank. A number of Russian security officials were subject to Canadian sanctions, in particular, FSB director Alexander Bortnikov, SVR director Mikhail Fradkov, member of the Russian Security Council Boris Gryzlov, Security Council secretary Nikolai Patrushev, head of the 5th directorate of the FSB Sergei Beseda, head of the border service of the FSB of the Russian Federation Vladimir Kulishov, Deputy Secretary of the Russian Security Council Rashid Nurgaliev, and State Duma Deputy Mikhail Degtyarev. In addition, the list included Governor of the Krasnodar Territory Alexander Tkachev, head of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov, presidential assistant and ex-head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications Igor Shchegolev, Russian businessman Konstantin Malofeev and Rossiya Bank shareholder Nikolai Shamalov. The list also includes the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Crimea Sergei Abisov, one of the leaders of the self-proclaimed DPR Pavel Gubarev, his wife, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DPR Ekaterina Gubareva, the speaker of the Supreme Council of the DPR Boris Litvinov and an employee of the LPR press service Oksana Chigrina.
In addition, several Crimean companies were included in the list: the Kerch trade port and the Kerch ferry crossing, as well as the Massandra winery, the winery " New World", commercial port of Sevastopol, National Institute of Grapes and Wine "Magarach", airline "Universal-Avia". The list also includes the Russian airline Dobrolet and the United Shipbuilding Corporation.
On October 15, EU candidate countries Montenegro, Iceland and Albania, as well as Liechtenstein, Norway, members of the European Economic Area and Ukraine joined the EU sanctions package against Russia dated September 12.
On November 29, the European Union included in the sanctions list candidates for the November 2 elections of heads and parliaments of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics and representatives of the leadership of the LPR and DPR. The organizations subject to sanctions were the public organizations of the DPR "Donetsk Republic" and "Free Donbass", from the LPR - "Peace for the Luhansk Region", "People's Union" and "Lugansk Economic Union". In total, the list contains 13 names and 5 public organizations. Those on the list are prohibited from entering the EU, and their assets in the EU are frozen.
On December 9, the Japanese government imposed sanctions against a number of individuals and organizations in the Donbass. In total, there are 26 people on the list, as well as 14 organizations.
On December 19, US President Barack Obama announced that he had signed a decree on new sanctions against Russia and its annexed Crimea. The Decree prohibits new investments by US residents in the Crimean region of Ukraine, the import of goods, services, and technologies into the US from Crimea, as well as the export, re-export, sale and supply of goods, services and technologies from the US or by persons residing in the US to the Crimean region. The decree applies to banks operating in Crimea, as well as to financial institutions directly or indirectly carrying out operations with Crimea.
On the same day, the United States imposed sanctions against 24 citizens of Russia and Ukraine, as well as a number of companies. Among those under sanctions is Konstantin Malofeev’s Marshall Capital Partners fund. Also on the list of sanctions were a number of leaders of Crimea and Donbass, as well as the biker organization “Night Wolves”.
On December 19, Canada added 11 more Russian citizens to the sanctions list. It included 10 parliamentarians, including Vice-Speaker of the State Duma and head of the United Russia faction Vladimir Vasiliev, deputies Leonid Kalashnikov (Communist Party of the Russian Federation), Igor Lebedev (LDPR), Oleg Lebedev (LDPR), Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Nikolai Levichev (" A Just Russia"), First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Ivan Melnikov (Communist Party of the Russian Federation), deputies Viktor Vodolatsky (" United Russia"), Svetlana Zhurova ("United Russia") and Vladimir Nikitin (Communist Party of the Russian Federation). In addition, the list included Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Yuri Vorobyov, as well as the head of the representative office of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) in the Russian Federation Andrei Rodkin. Thus, the number of individuals subject to Canadian sanctions has reached 77. The new package of sanctions also includes restrictions on the export of technologies used in the oil and gas industries.
On December 20, EU sanctions against the economy and tourism industry of Crimea came into force. In particular, ships providing cruise services are prohibited from entering the ports of Sevastopol, Kerch, Yalta, Feodosia, Yevpatoriya, Chernomorsk and the port of Kamysh-Burun. In addition, the European Union has expanded by more than six times the list of goods and technologies prohibited for delivery to Crimea and for use in Crimea in the fields of transport, telecommunications, energy and exploration, extraction and production of oil, gas and minerals. More than 160 items were included in the list.
On December 26, due to US sanctions, two international payment systems - Visa and MasterCard - decided to suspend servicing cards of Russian banks operating in Crimea.
On January 29, 2015, EU diplomacy chief Federica Mogherini confirmed the extension of individual sanctions against Russia and Donbass militias until September 2015.
On February 16, the European Union published a list of individual sanctions against individuals whom the EU considers responsible for destabilizing the situation in Ukraine.
The list included 19 people, including deputy commander of the DPR militia Eduard Basurin, Russian singer, State Duma deputy and native of Donbass Iosif Kobzon, State Duma deputy from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Valery Rashkin, Deputy Minister of Defense Anatoly Antonov, First Deputy Minister of Defense Arkady Bakhin, as well as the Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces RF Andrey Kartapolov.
The list also includes a number of representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. In particular, the sanctions included Minister of Justice of the LPR Alexander Shubin, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the LPR Sergei Litvin, Commander-in-Chief of the “People’s Militia” of the LPR Sergei Ignatov, Minister of Finance of the LPR Evgeny Manuilov, Minister economic development LPR Olga Besedina, acting Prosecutor General of the LPR Zaur Ismailov, Minister of Justice of the DPR Ekaterina Filippova, Minister of Revenue and Duties of the DPR Alexander Timofeev and Minister of Communications of the DPR Viktor Yatsenko.
The list also includes the Cossack National Guard, whose commander - Nikolai Kozitsyn - was already on the sanctions list, the Sparta battalion and its commander Arseny Pavlov, the Somalia battalion and its commander Mikhail Tolstykh, the Zarya battalion, the Prizrak brigade of the defendant sanctions list of Alexey Mozgovoy, the Oplot battalion, the Kalmius battalion and the Death battalion. The sanctions also affected the commanders of the militia detachments, Pavel Dremov and Alexei Milchakov.
On February 18, Canada announced the introduction of new sanctions against 37 individuals and 17 organizations from the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Canada's blacklist from the Russian side includes Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Anatoly Antonov and General Director of the Rostec Corporation Sergei Chemezov, Russian biker Alexander Zaldostanov, deputy Valery Rashkin, singer and deputy Joseph Kobzon and journalist Dmitry Kiselev.
In addition, the list includes Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Andrei Kartapolov, Rear Admiral Valery Kulikov, Major General Alexei Naumts, Rear Admiral Alexander Nosatov and Lieutenant General Igor Turchenyuk.
Sanctions were also imposed against the deputy commander of the DPR militia headquarters, Eduard Basurin, the first deputy chairman of the People's Council of the LPR, Vladislav Deinego, as well as other representatives of the self-proclaimed republics.
In addition, the list includes the Cossack National Guard, the “Sparta” battalion and its leader Arseny Pavlov, nicknamed Motorola, the “Somalia” battalion and its commander Mikhail Tolstykh, nicknamed Givi, the “Zarya” battalion, the “Ghost” brigade, the “Oplot” battalion. , battalion "Kalmius", battalion "Death". The sanctions also affected the commander of the Rusich unit, Alexey Milchakov, nicknamed Fritz, LPR Defense Minister Oleg Bugrov and other representatives of the militia.
The state oil company Rosneft has been included in Canada's sanctions list; sanctions have also been imposed on social movement"Novorossiya".
On March 4, US President Barack Obama extended the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13660 of March 6, 2014. Thus, all rounds of sanctions against Russia introduced in 2014 were extended for a year, including the latest economic sanctions against Crimea from December 2014.
On March 6, the Swiss Confederation, in addition to the EU sanctions of August 27, 2014 against Russia, also introduced restrictions adopted in December 2014 regarding the ban on trade transactions with Crimea and Sevastopol. All foreign investments in Crimea and Sevastopol are now prohibited; the previously existing ban on the export of certain products to this region has been expanded with new items. The sanctions legislation also added a list of 28 persons and enterprises that were previously subject to EU sanctions, with which Swiss entrepreneurs are prohibited from having trade relations.
On March 11, US authorities introduced new sanctions against individuals and organizations believed to be involved in the crisis in Ukraine. The list published by the US Department of the Treasury included, in particular, the Russian National Commercial Bank (RNCB), the Eurasian Youth Union, as well as 14 citizens of the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Among them are former Prime Minister Mykola Azarov and Secretary of the DPR Security Council Alexander Khodakovsky.
On March 14, the Official Journal of the EU published the decision of the EU Council to extend until September 15, 2015 individual EU sanctions on Ukraine against citizens and legal entities of the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Sanctions introduced a year earlier were due to expire on March 15.
On June 29, Canada published an expanded list of sanctions against Russia. The list includes three citizens of the Russian Federation and 14 legal entities. The leaders of the Eurasian Youth Union Alexander Dugin, Pavel Kanishchev and Andrey Kovalenko were added to the list. In addition, the expansion of sanctions affected, in particular, the Marshall Capital Fund, the Night Wolves motorcycle club, the companies Gazprom, Gazprom Neft, Surgutneftegaz and Transneft.
The list published on the website of the Canadian government also included: the Eurasian Youth Union, Sirius JSC (produces optoelectronics for military and civilian use), Tula Arms Plant OJSC, United Aircraft Corporation PJSC, Khimkompozit company (produces materials for defense industry), weapons manufacturer OJSC High-Precision Complexes, Stankoinstrument association (specializing in mechanical engineering) and OPK Oboronprom.
On June 22, the EU Council at the level of foreign ministers extended economic sanctions against the Russian Federation until January 31, 2016, approving the corresponding amendments to the EU decision on sectoral restrictive measures against Russia.
On July 30, US authorities announced the expansion of sanctions. The list has increased by 11 individuals and 15 legal entities, including subsidiaries of VEB and Rosneft. The sanctions list has been expanded to 61 points with the motivation “in connection with the events in Ukraine and activities in the Crimean region of Ukraine.”
Among the legal entities subject to sanctions are Russian, Finnish, and Cypriot companies. In particular, we are talking about the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant and the Izhmash concern; ports of Evpatoria, Feodosia, Kerch, Sevastopol, Yalta; Kerch Ferry Company.
On September 2, the Committee of Permanent Representatives of EU member states (Coreper) decided to extend until March 2016 individual sanctions against citizens of Russia and Ukraine, whom the European Union considers responsible for undermining the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine. As of September 2015, there were 150 people on the EU sanctions list, including Russian officials and representatives of the LPR and DPR, as well as 37 legal entities.
On September 16, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko introduced sanctions against the Russian Federation for a period of one year.
The sanctions list included 388 individuals and 105 legal entities, including citizens of 23 states.
Ukrainian sanctions affected 28 Russian banks and 25 Russian airlines. The sanctions included Channel One, the TV channels RTR-Planeta, Rossiya 24, NTV and three correspondents of the TASS news agency. In total, the sanctions list included 34 journalists and seven bloggers from 17 countries, including Russia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Israel, Spain, and Switzerland. Sanctions were also imposed against BBC journalists. The next day, given the significant public outcry and the strategic importance of relations with the European Union, Kyiv lifted sanctions on journalists from Britain, Germany and Spain.
The largest Russian carriers were included in the sanctions list, including Aeroflot (with all its subsidiaries), Transaero, which is being sanitized, and Sibir. According to the presidential decree, all of them were partially or completely prohibited from transiting resources, flying and transporting across the territory of Ukraine.
On December 21, the EU Council extended EU economic sanctions (sectoral restrictive measures) against Russia until July 31, 2016. The sanctions package has not changed. The decision came into force on December 22.
On December 22, the US Treasury published a sanctions list of 34 individuals and organizations from the Russian Federation and Ukraine in connection with the situation in Donbass. The United States has expanded its sanctions list against the Russian Federation to include the Crimean wineries Novy Svet, Massandra and Magarach. Banco VTB Africa, VTB subsidiaries in Kazakhstan, Armenia, Austria, Belarus and Ukraine were added to the list of sectoral sanctions; VTB-24, VTB Insurance, VTB Leasing. In addition, Sberbank's subsidiaries in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Switzerland, as well as Sberbank Capital, Sberbank Europe, Sberbank Finance, Sberbank Insurance, Sberbank investments and Sberbank Leasing were sanctioned "
The list also included non-state pension funds (NPF) of Sberbank and VTB, as well as Novikombank, the large development company GALS-Development and the online payment service Yandex-Money.
Sanctions have been introduced against a number of Russian citizens who are related to the Kalashnikov concern and the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. A number of Russian defense companies that are part of the Rostec state corporation fell under sanctions. In particular, the “black list” includes Rosoboronexport, the Russian Helicopters holding, the United Engine Company, the Shvabe company, High-Precision Complexes and the Technodinamika holding.
The sanctions list also included the Minister of Justice of the self-proclaimed LPR, the LPR plenipotentiary representative at the Minsk negotiations, LPR Prime Minister Sergei Tsyplakov and his deputy, as well as the head of the DPR Foreign Ministry and the DPR representative in Russia.
As the US Embassy explained, “some of the companies included in the list are “subsidiaries” of legal entities that are already under sanctions, so the measure is a kind of tuning of the existing list.”
On December 30, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted a resolution “On the ban on the import into the customs territory of Ukraine of goods originating from the Russian Federation,” which came into force on January 10, 2016. Kyiv approved a list of 43 product items, and expanded it in January 2016. The updated list additionally included about 70 product items. The ban included baked goods, meat, cheeses, chocolate, beer, vodka, filter cigarettes, dog and cat food and other goods. In addition, equipment for railways and tramways and diesel-electric locomotives were banned. On March 2, 2016, US President Barack Obama extended sanctions against Russia, originally imposed in March 2014, for a year. The corresponding decree of the head of state notes that current sanctions “must remain in force after March 6, 2016,” since Russia’s actions continue to pose “an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States.”
On March 10, the European Union decided to extend until September 15, 2016 individual sanctions against citizens and legal entities of Russia and Ukraine, whom Brussels considers responsible for “undermining the territorial integrity” of Ukraine. On March 12, the decision on this was published in the Official Journal of the European Union; it came into force the next day after publication, on March 13.
On March 30, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko enacted the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated March 25, 2016 “On the application of personal special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions) against persons involved in illegal actions against Nadezhda Savchenko, Oleg Sentsov and Alexandra Kolchenko." The corresponding decree was signed on March 29. The sanctions list included 84 individuals, including the head Alexander Potapov, the general director of the TASS news agency Sergei Mikhailov. The entry ban for journalists is valid until December 31, 2017. Also, by his decree, Poroshenko lifted the ban on entry into Ukraine for six Russian journalists: head of the RIA Novosti representative office in Kazakhstan Olga Kovalenko, head of the Rossiya Segodnya representative office in Turkey Elena Palazhchenko, employee of the Russia Today news agency (Poland) Jakub Koreiba, correspondent of the agency's South African bureau TASS Alexander Nechaev, TASS correspondent in Washington Andrei Suzhansky and head of the TASS bureau in Washington Andrei Shitov.
On July 1, the European Union officially extended economic sanctions against Russia until January 31, 2017.
On July 6, the Government of Ukraine extended until December 31, 2017 the ban on the import into the customs territory of Ukraine of goods originating from the Russian Federation, the list of which was approved by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated December 30, 2015. On July 29, the press service of the Security Service of Ukraine reported that Kyiv had temporarily suspended supplies of products from 243 Russian companies to Ukraine. The SBU stated that these companies did business with Donbass. The message does not say which companies are being discussed.
On August 31, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine extended personal sanctions against 388 individuals and 105 legal entities from Russia, the list was supplemented by new 250 individuals and 46 legal entities.
On September 1, the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control imposed sanctions on a number of subsidiaries of the Russian Gazprom, as well as other companies and individuals. In addition, American citizens and companies are prohibited from entering into transactions with Mostotrest.
Washington has added 17 individuals to the list of anti-Russian sanctions on Ukraine. These included, in particular, eight ministers of the Crimean government, as well as heads of the republican departments of the FSB and the Investigative Committee. The sanctions included the First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, Minister of Internal Policy, Information and Communications of the DPR Vladimir Kononov, Minister of Finance of the LPR Evgeny Manuilov, Minister of Communications of the DPR Viktor Yatsenko, ex-Minister of Justice of the LPR Alexander Shubin, Deputy Corps Commander of the Ministry of Defense of the DPR Eduard Basurin, prosecutor in the LPR Zaur Ismailov.
The US Treasury explained that it connects the introduction of new sanctions on companies and individuals of the Russian Federation with the implementation of the Minsk agreements and the situation in Crimea. We are also talking about clarifying sanctions and helping Western companies comply with previous restrictions on cooperation with Russian companies and individuals.
On September 1, the United States imposed sanctions against the companies of the Sovraht-Sovmortrans group, as well as a number of Russian shipbuilding plants, including the Zvezdochka plant. In addition, the list included the Zaliv and More shipyards located in Crimea.
On September 6, the US Department of Commerce expanded the sanctions list. The new list almost completely repeats the document of the Ministry of Finance, which was published on September 1, but 11 new Russian companies were included in the “black list” of the Ministry of Trade: Angstrem-M, Angstrem, Angstrem-T, OJSC VO Radioexport, Perm Scientific and Production Instrument Manufacturing Company, JSC Mikron, JSC NPF Mikran, NPK Granat, Technopole Company, Technopole Ltd and Dzhiovan. In total, the list now includes 81 organizations, in addition to Russian ones, there are also corporations from India and Hong Kong.
On September 15, the European Union made an official decision to extend individual sanctions against citizens and legal entities of Russia and Ukraine until March 2017. IN latest edition The list includes 146 individuals and 37 legal entities from Russia and Ukraine, including Russian officials and celebrities, as well as leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk people's republics and representatives of the militia.
Russia's retaliatory sanctions
On March 20, 2014, in response to sanctions measures against a number of Russian officials and deputies of the Federal Assembly, the Russian Foreign Ministry published a list of officials and members of the US Congress who are denied entry into Russian Federation. The list included nine people.
On March 24, in response to Canadian sanctions, the Russian Foreign Ministry published a list of 13 Canadian officials, members of parliament and public figures in Canada who are barred from entering Russia.
On March 27, the State Council of the Republic of Crimea published on the official website a list of persons whose stay is considered undesirable in the Republic of Crimea. The list included 320 people, including leading Ukrainian politicians and deputies of the Verkhovna Rada. On April 1, this list was replenished with 10 names, including ex-Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko Herman Van Rompuy, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton and President of the European Parliament Martin Schultz. Kadyrov ordered to freeze their bank accounts and any assets; the listed politicians are prohibited from entering the Chechen Republic.
Since August 7, Russia has limited the import of a number of goods from countries that have imposed sanctions against it for a year.
On May 30, the Representative Office of the European Union in Moscow received a list of citizens of EU countries who are prohibited from entering Russia. The document (as of 26 May 2015) contains 89 names, including about 20 current and 10 former members of the European Parliament, current and former heads of British and Baltic intelligence services, a number of British, German, Polish and Estonian military leaders, and also deputy head of the Romanian state company Transgaz. These EU citizens are prohibited from entering Russia. The list includes representatives of 17 of the 27 EU countries. A fifth of the list is occupied by representatives of Poland (18 names), followed by Britain (9), Sweden, Estonia (8 each), Germany, Lithuania (7 each), Latvia and Romania (5 each).
On June 24, a decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin was published on the extension for a year of special economic measures against the West, introduced by decree of the Russian President of August 6, 2014. The response measures were extended from August 6, 2015 to August 5, 2016.
On July 29, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the disposal of embargoed products was signed, which came into force on August 6, 2015.
On August 13, Russia extended the food embargo, introduced as a response to sanctions, to Albania, Montenegro, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Ukraine, and to the latter with a delay - the ban on the import of its products was supposed to come into force only if Kiev applied the economic part of the agreement on association with the European Union.
On December 21, the Russian government published a decree introducing a food embargo for Ukraine from January 1, 2016, similar to the one in force for countries that supported sanctions against the Russian Federation. Ukraine is subject to retaliatory economic measures in connection with its accession to anti-Russian sanctions of the European Union and the United States.
On May 27, 2016, Russia excluded meat and vegetables intended for the production of baby food from the food embargo list.
On June 29, Russian President Vladimir Putin extended the food embargo, imposed in response to Western sanctions, from August 6, 2016 to December 31, 2017.
On October 17, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, by his decree, put into effect the decision of the National Security and Defense Council (NSDC) to extend and expand the sanctions list against legal entities and individuals of the Russian Federation; the corresponding decree was published on the website of the head of state on Monday.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources