How do you make holes in metal? How to drill hardened steel at home

Tools for metal drilling:

• Twist drill;
• Kerner;
• Hammer;
• Protective glasses.

To reduce the breakdown, drilling is performed in two stages: first with a smaller diameter drill, and then with the main one. The same method of sequential drilling is used when it is necessary to make a hole large diameter.

After marking the workpiece, you should mark the center of the future hole. This will prevent the drill from moving away from given point.

For ease of work, the workpiece should be clamped in a bench vice or placed on a stand so that it takes a stable position. The drill is installed strictly perpendicular to the surface to be drilled. This is important to avoid it breaking.

Selecting cutting mode

Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.

For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.

1. You will need the following tools: drill, drill, coolant (preferably machine oil, but water can also be used), punch, hammer, safety glasses.
2. When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, place it under the product wooden block and fix it as best we can. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
3. We make markings, then use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
4. Pour coolant into a small container.
5. We put on safety glasses.
6. Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it works better at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool has time to reach maximum speed.
7. Don't forget to cool the drill as often as possible .
8. When drilling occurs not strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, put the switch in the reverse position. This way you will avoid injury and will not break the drill.
9. If everything was done correctly, then even in living conditions Using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. Oh more complex tasks we'll tell you below.

Metal drilling work

Is it possible to drill into metal with a concrete drill?

It is possible, but this is in case of extreme necessity for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

It is better to use either standard metal drills with steel grade R6M5 or improved ones - R6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. On the market you can find a drill called “Cobalt”. We will not vouch for all manufacturers, we will only note that reviews on practical application in the overwhelming majority of cases - positive.

How to drill with a step drill in metal?

Step drills are universal - just one can make holes of different diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge. They are better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore when correct operation They last longer, but also cost more than usual. The principles of working with them are the same, but it is easier to drill large-diameter holes than with conventional twist drills.

Is it possible to drill metal with a Pobedit drill?

The principle of operation of drills for metal is to cut, and with pobedite soldering, crush materials. Brick, concrete, and stone are better suited for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, you can, of course, drill metal with a concrete drill, but it will quickly become unusable and pobedit soldering will collapse.

Revolutions

What is the larger hole diameter? the lower the speed should be. The greater the depth? Therefore, you gradually need to reduce the pressure on the drill. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm.

How to drill correctly: drilling from “a” to “z”

Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in large diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use have a power from 500 to 800 W, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.

Bimetallic crown

When drilling deep holes with any tool, you may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.

Metal drilling process

Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, be sure to protect your eyes from chips, and if there is distortion and jamming, immediately turn off the drill and change the torque to reverse movement.

In situations where there is no power or where the noise of the tool operating may disturb others ( read: when can you make repairs so as not to quarrel with your neighbors?) – the ideal solution when drilling metal would be manual mechanical drill, the so-called rotation. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what you need. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time-consuming and easy fatigue. In this simple “old-fashioned” way, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope our tips will be useful to you.

More information in this video.

How to drill metal correctly with a drill

How to drill a hole in metal

Metal products, compared to parts made from other materials, have increased hardness and strength, so for successful work they require adherence to the technological process and the use of high-quality cutting tool.

Tools for metal drilling:

• Electric or hand drill;
• Twist drill;
• Kerner;
• Hammer;
• Protective glasses.

Metal drills are selected based on the diameters of the holes and the properties of the material being processed. As a rule, they are made from high-speed steels, such as R6M5K5, R6M5, R4M2. Carbide drills are used to work with cast iron, carbon and alloy hardened steels, stainless steel, and other difficult-to-cut materials.

The power of the electric drill must be designed to drill a hole of the required diameter. Manufacturers of power tools indicate the corresponding specifications on the product. For example, for drills with a power of 500...700 W, the maximum drilling diameter for metal is 10...13 mm.

There are blind, incomplete, and through holes. They can be used to connect parts together using bolts, studs, pins and rivets. If the hole is being drilled for the purpose of threading, it is worth turning Special attention to choose the drill diameter. Due to its beating, a hole in the chuck occurs, which must be taken into account. Approximate data are presented in the table.

To reduce the breakdown, drilling is performed in two stages: first with a smaller diameter drill, and then with the main one.

How to drill metal with a drill?

The same method of sequential drilling is used when it is necessary to make a hole of large diameter.

How to drill metal correctly with a drill

The peculiarity of drilling metal with a drill is that it is necessary to manually hold the tool, give it the correct position, and also ensure the required cutting speed.

After marking the workpiece, you should mark the center of the future hole. This will prevent the drill from moving away from the specified point. For ease of work, the workpiece should be clamped in a bench vice or placed on a stand so that it takes a stable position. The drill is installed strictly perpendicular to the surface to be drilled. This is important to avoid it breaking.

When drilling metal, you do not need to apply much pressure to the drill. On the contrary, it should decrease as you progress. This will prevent the drill from breaking and will also reduce the formation of burrs on the exit edge of the through hole. Care must be taken to remove chips. If the cutting tool is jammed, it is released by returning it to reverse rotation.

Selecting cutting mode

When using a tool from high speed steel, you can focus on the rotation speed according to the data in the table. When working with carbide drills, the permissible values ​​are 1.5...2 times higher.

Drilling of metal products must be carried out with cooling. If it is not used, there is a high probability that the tool will lose its cutting properties due to overheating. The cleanliness of the hole surface will be quite low. An emulsion is usually used as a coolant for hard steels. At home suitable conditions machine oil. Cast iron and non-ferrous metals can be drilled without coolant.

Features of drilling deep holes

Holes are considered deep if their size is greater than five drill diameters. The peculiarity of the work here lies in the difficulties associated with cooling and chip removal. The length of the cutting part of the tool must be greater than the depth of the hole. Otherwise, the body of the part will block the screw grooves through which chips are removed and liquid for cooling and lubrication is supplied.

First, the hole is drilled with a rigid short drill to a shallow depth. This operation is necessary to set the direction and centering of the main tool. After this, a hole of the required length is made. As you progress, you need to remove metal shavings from time to time. For this purpose, use coolant, hooks, magnets, or turn the part over.

How to drill metal correctly - learn how to make holes of various diameters

Screwdrivers, drills and hammer drills

Metal processing is one of the rather complex operations. Drilling may be required when performing renovations or own car, as well as manufacturing various designs on summer cottage. As with any other holes, we will need a hand drill, which can be supplemented with various additional devices. Although a drill is a very popular and in-demand tool, available in almost every home, it requires considerable experience in metal processing. In our article we will talk about metal drilling, drills and some of the features of this labor-intensive process.

Drilling holes in metal is a special technology, which consists of removing a certain layer of material due to simultaneous rotational and forward motion drill. It is necessary to fix the drill in one position so that the drill does not move during operation. This is the main condition for the correct and safe performance of work. To ensure that the drill axis is in a fixed position, you can use one of the many devices, which will be discussed below.

When working with metal, drills made from R6M5 steel are used.

We will need the following tools for working with metal:

• Hand or electric drill
• Twist drill
• Hammer
• Kerner
• Safety glasses and gloves

It will be impossible to achieve success in the planned event without the appropriate drill. The choice of this element is a very important point, because different drills are selected based on the properties of the metal, as well as the diameter of the future hole. Drills are usually made from high-speed steel. The most common are products made from steel grade R6M5. In some cases, cobalt additives are used to increase the durability and wear resistance of the drill. In this case, the letter K appears in the product labeling. For very hard metals Drills equipped with a small solder on the tip are used, which ensures the required level of drilling of the material.

You should know that not all drills are capable of making exactly the holes that you need. Thus, the manufacturer usually indicates the relevant information in the instruction manual. For example, drilling a large diameter hole with a drill whose power is 700 W will not work. After all, this equipment is designed to create a hole maximum size 13 mm in diameter.

Drilling metal causes difficulties for many people, even experienced craftsmen. One reason is the physical complexity of the process itself. After all, it is necessary to hold a heavy drill at a right angle in a clearly fixed position for a long time. However, you can always use additional accessories designed to make the whole process easier.

Drilling guides allow you to securely fix the drill bit

In hardware stores you can purchase the following mechanisms for perpendicular drilling of holes in metal products:

1. 1. Drilling jigs
2. 2. Drill guides
3. 3. Drill stands

Conductors are extremely popular; it is with their help that specialists make holes in products. The mechanism itself is a kind of box, convenient to hold, in which guide bushings are located. Suitable for working with drills of various diameters. The bushings are made of very hard types of metal, much harder than the drill itself. Therefore, there is no need to worry that they will be damaged when working with a drill.

You just need to place the jig over the location of the future hole, previously marked with a center punch, and then turn on the drill. The drill will be firmly fixed by the bushings, so it will not move away from the given direction. The jig is considered especially useful when drilling cylindrical, for example, pipes, since the tip of the drill constantly slips off the round shape of the pipe.

You can also purchase guides for a hand drill - this is a useful support mechanism where the drill is fixed by the neck to achieve immobility during operation. Sole held free hand, is installed on the workpiece itself. In this state of affairs, the tool moves exclusively vertically, without the slightest deviation or distortion.

Today, universal designs are produced, equipped with a corner holder. Thanks to this, you can drill holes with a drill even at an angle. True, in the case of metal, drilling at an angle using guides is very difficult, since lateral overloads almost immediately break the drill. Therefore, you need to take care when purchasing a product made of solid metal.

Another device that simplifies the hole making process is called a stationary stand. At its core, this equipment is a somewhat simplified drilling machine, albeit with less functionality, but also significantly lower cost. The drill moves along the rod using a lever. Clamps or a vice are used to secure the workpiece. In terms of drilling quality, this unit is an order of magnitude higher than its other competitors. However, its price is also higher compared to jigs or guides.

The process of drilling holes in metal products differs significantly depending on the thickness of the workpiece. Deep holes are much more difficult to make compared to regular ones. For such cases, specialists use lathes, and it is the workpiece that must rotate, and not the drill itself on the machine. An important point is the removal of waste and chips from the part, as well as cooling the drill.

When drilling deep holes, timely removal of chips is important.

Naturally, it is unlikely that you will be able to use a lathe at home. The only way out is to purchase drill guides, which were described above. Drill length is great importance, since the drill can only make holes two-thirds of its length. So you need to purchase a long drill, but strong enough that it will not break under the influence of enormous overloads.

If there are no guides, you can try to drill without this equipment if you are confident in your abilities. However, it is strictly forbidden to change the drilling angle, as this can completely damage both the drill and the workpiece.

In no case should we forget about cooling and chip removal. The easiest way is to use soapy water, in which you should first dip the tip of the drill. Some experts recommend coating the drill vegetable oil or lard. This will significantly reduce the friction of the product on the metal and, as a result, will have a very positive effect on the cooling of the drill.

If we talk about extracting chips, then this must be done with regular frequency, periodically removing drilling waste. The easiest way is to turn the workpiece over so that the chips, under the influence of gravity, free the hole. If the product is very heavy, then improvised devices are used, including hooks or magnets. Otherwise, the chips can clog the grooves on the drill, which will subsequently lead to blocking of rotation, as well as to breakage of the drill.

Drill big hole metal is even more difficult than making a hole great depth. There are several approaches: either use a conical drill to make a large-diameter hole in the metal in several approaches, or use a special crown. The cost of cone drills is very high, while the efficiency is lower than that of a crown.

That is why experts say that it is more correct to drill metal using a crown. In the central part there is a drill, while at the edges there is a cutting surface with sharply sharpened teeth. Thanks to the drill, the crown is fixed in one position and does not move during operation. Drilling is carried out at low speeds of the drill, and everything must be done very carefully and carefully so as not to damage the crown.

How to drill metal with a drill

Hi all! You can write a very long article about how to drill metal with a drill if you wish. But I see two main problems here:

• inability to drill accurately in the place where the hole is required
• rapid dulling of drills

Typically, inexperienced users encounter such problems. Experienced men know what to do in such cases. Well, considering myself an experienced person, I will take the liberty of telling you how to cope with these problems. Well, I’ll also give you some tips that will also come in handy.

How to drill in the right place

If you think about this question a little, the answer should come to your mind even without a hint. Well, at least it seems so to me. But if you don’t want to think, then read.

For this case you will need a core. This is a tool made of durable steel, having a cylindrical shape and a point at the end.

We place the tip at the desired drilling location and hit the roll on the other side with a hammer several times.

Now that you have finished drilling, place a drill on the surface of the roughness and start drilling - the tip will not run away anywhere.

How to avoid dulling drills

Metal drills become dull if they get too hot during operation, causing them to lose their strength. Heating occurs due to friction. Moreover, the faster it spins, the more it heats up.

Hence the obvious rule - you need to drill at low drill speeds. They should be no more than 1000 per minute. But who will measure this during work? So just don't press the start button all the way. The correct speed can be assessed as follows: the eye should see the rotation of the drill. That is, the grooves on it should not merge into one for vision.

When working with thick workpieces, additional cooling is necessary. It is provided by special lubricants or pastes that are added to the drilling site, or the drill is dipped into them. In addition, they not only cool, but also lubricate the tip, resulting in less friction.

In domestic conditions there is no need to have special lubricants and pastes. You can get by with regular machine oil.

So, use a core, drill low and add some lube or oil and this job will be a cakewalk.

Well, a few more tips on this topic.

Drill types

For drilling, use only metal drills (not wood, for example). They have their own sharpening and are made from certain types become. The most common ones are marked P6M5 - this is high-speed steel, which foreign manufacturers label as HSS.

To provide additional strength, the above drill bits are coated with titanium nitride. That's why they are yellow.

There are also stronger P18, which are used respectively for hard steels.

Also, to increase strength, cobalt can be added, and then the marking P6M5K5 is obtained.

Well, the most durable ones are drills with carbide tips. They are used for drilling alloy steels. It will also take ordinary steel, but buying it just for this will be somewhat savvy, since the price for them is quite high, and although it is hard, it still dulls. But it will be difficult to sharpen it later, since this requires diamond blade, which is also not very cheap, and you can’t buy it everywhere.

Drilling thick workpieces

If the workpiece has a thickness of more than 5 mm, and you need a hole larger than 8 mm, then it is better to make a hole first thin drill, and only then work fat.

Working with some types of metal

• When drilling into thick aluminum pieces, chips often clog the drill channels, making it more difficult to rotate. Therefore, when working with such material, remove the drill from the recess more often and remove the chips. Well, don’t forget to pour plenty of oil on it.
• If you need to drill black cast iron, then you do not need to add any lubricating and cooling substances, since it drills very well even dry
• Unlike black cast iron, white cast iron has increased strength, which means strong drills and lubricants are required to process it.

These are the basic rules for drilling metal with a drill. I hope I was able to bridge this gap in your knowledge. Good luck with your homework and see you soon!

How to drill metal correctly with a drill?

Metal products have increased strength, so drilling a hole in metal requires the use of cutting tools of excellent quality and adherence to the technological process.

Compared to parts made from other materials, metal products have increased strength and hardness, therefore effective work working with them requires the use of cutting tools of excellent quality and adherence to the technological process.

Drilling in metal with a drill: main points

To drill into metal, you must have a hand or electric drill, a twist drill bit, a hammer, a punch, and safety glasses. Drills for metal are selected based on the diameter of the holes, as well as the properties of the material being processed. They are usually made from high-speed steels, and carbide drills are used to work with alloyed and carbon steels, stainless steel, cast iron and other difficult-to-process materials.

Those who have no experience drilling holes in metal often wonder; How to drill a hole in metal with a drill? To drill holes of the required diameter, the electric drill must be powerful enough. Tool manufacturers indicate the corresponding characteristics on the product. For example, in order for the hole diameter to be 10-13 millimeters, the power of the tool must be 500-700 W.

There are through, blind and incomplete holes.

They can be used to connect parts together using studs, bolts, rivets and pins. When drilling holes for tapping, pay attention to the diameter of the drill bit. Since it beats in the cartridge, the hole breaks, and this must be taken into account. The table shows approximate data.

To reduce the breakdown, metal drilling is carried out in two stages: first of all, with a drill with a smaller diameter, and then with the main one. The same method is used when it is necessary to drill a hole of large diameter.

Drilling metal with a drill: how to do it?

The peculiarity of drilling holes in metal with a drill is that you need to manually hold the tool, giving it the correct position and providing the necessary speed.

When the workpiece is marked, it is necessary to tilt the center of the hole being drilled. As a result, the drill will not move relative to the specified point. To make it more convenient to work, the workpiece should be clamped in a vice or placed on a stand so that its position is stable. The drill is installed perpendicular to the surface, otherwise it may break. If you drill metal with a drill, you don’t need to put much pressure on the tool. On the contrary, as you progress, the pressure should decrease. This will reduce the likelihood of drill bit breakage and reduce the number of burrs on the edge of the through hole. If the cutting tool is stuck, it is released by giving it reverse rotation.

When using a high-speed steel drill, refer to the rotation speed using the table data. When using carbide drills, the values ​​should be approximately 1.6-2 times higher.

Drilling holes in metal products must be cooled, otherwise the tool may lose its cutting properties due to overheating. The coolant when working with hard steels is usually an emulsion, but at home it is quite possible to use machine oil. As for non-ferrous metals and cast iron, when drilling them you can do without coolant.

How to drill metal with a drill if you need deep holes? Holes can be considered deep when their size is more than five drill diameters. The main difficulties with such drilling are related to cooling, as well as chip removal. As for the length of the cutting part of the drill, it must exceed the depth of the hole, otherwise the part will block the screw grooves designed to remove chips and supply fluid for lubrication and cooling. First, the hole is drilled to a shallow depth using a rigid short drill. This is necessary to set the direction and centering of the main tool. Then a hole of the required length is made. As you move, you must periodically remove metal shavings using cooling liquid, magnets, hooks, or turn the part over.

Today, a person can make a workpiece of any shape and size from metal.

Drilling metal

This is a material that is widely used in various industries; it is indispensable in the production of mechanisms and various parts.

Today, craftsmen have dozens of tools at their disposal that allow them to cut, drill, and change workpieces. Therefore, if you want to drill a hole in metal, you can do it with ease.

How to drill a large hole in metal

Making large holes is a painstaking task. For such work it is necessary to use special crowns of the required diameter or cone drills. Crowns designed for working with metal are similar to similar devices for concrete or drywall.

They can have a special diamond coating for clearer, more accurate and faster cutting. For work, special conical drills are often used (may have hexagonal or cylindrical shanks). The cutting edge can remove burrs and chips, resulting in a straight hole immediately.

How to quickly drill through thick metal

If you need to drill a deep hole, it is best to give preference to lathes rather than electric drills. This machine provides precise and accurate processing of materials of any thickness and strength. When working, it is important to ensure high-quality cooling cutting element And forced deletion shavings.

How to drill through hardened metal

Hardened steel is a durable material that can withstand quite heavy loads. That is why it is not easy to work with him. But if you need to drill hardened steel at home, you can use one of these methods:

work using a welding machine - using such a tool you can make a hole in the product, but after that it will have to be processed with cutting tools or files. Also using welding machine, you can lower the steel in the affected area, and then use a drill and make a hole of the required size;

drilling using special drills for hardened steel - this method has one significant drawback. Such drills are very expensive; they are made of high-carbon steel and diamond-coated. When working, it is very important to prevent the drill from overheating and applying strong pressure - otherwise there is a high risk of damaging the workpiece.

If you need to make a hole in hardened steel, but you do not have a special apparatus, you can use other methods:

etching steel with acid (boric, nitric, perchloric) - to work, you need to make a limiting edge and pour acid inside;

if the material is not very hard and thin, you can make a hole using a special punch.

How to drill through stainless steel

The main difference between stainless steel is its increased viscosity. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. After all, when processing stainless metal, the drill almost immediately heats up, which means you need to think in advance about its cooling during operation. Usually applied immediately special mixture, which includes machine oil, sulfur.

Both an electric drill and a drill press can be used to process stainless steel. In both the first and second cases, it is necessary to set the device to minimum speed. Some tips for those who want to work with stainless steel:

When working with a thick sheet of material, you must first drill a small hole thin instrument and then use a drill with the required cross-section;

if you are working with sheets measuring 1-2 mm, use standard drills, provided that their cutting edge is sharpened to 120 degrees;

if the thickness is less than 1 mm, processing should be carried out with step drills.

If you decide to drill metal yourself at home, use these simple tips.

Now drilling large diameter holes in metal is not a serious problem. The main thing is to prepare well. Let's say you need to make a hole in a corner, channel or mortgage to strengthen building structure or hang a shelf, light fixture or conduit. That is, to do this not in a workshop or workshop, but directly on site. The easiest way to drill in such conditions is to use an electric drill. But, imagine how much pressure needs to be applied to it to drill a hole with a diameter of 16 or 20 mm? The question is not rhetorical - the force will be about 40-50 kgf. This is not at all easy to achieve if the proposed hole is located above the level of the driller's shoulders. Even 10 years ago, when such a task arose, even professionals resorted to an autogen and, just imagine, to drilling small holes around the circumference of a large one. Today there is a completely professional solution for this - core drilling, which ensures the production of holes of 11 quality.

However, many are sure that core drilling is a rather expensive method, economically beneficial only for industrial volumes. Is this statement true? Partly. Today, you can choose several options for tools and equipment for drilling holes in large-diameter metal without drilling. In this case, the cost per hole will be justified even when drilling only a few holes.

Let's consider what are the tool options for drilling? through holes large diameter in metal offers the market. For comparison, we take a diameter of 51 mm.

Firstly, this bimetallic crowns. We have a choice of samples from the cheapest ones, which are immediately sold in sets and cannot be accepted by us in this review for the reason that their purpose is to drill out wood, and even if they can drill through a sheet of metal, it will not be thicker than 0.5 mm . At a price of 240 rubles, products with a wall thickness of 1-1.2 mm start, often marked HSS -Co 5% and even HSS -Co 8, but judging by the fact that drilling one hole in stainless steel takes more than one such crowns, there may be no cobalt there at all. Twice as expensive bits of more decent quality, which really allow you to drill stainless steel and ordinary steel a few millimeters thick. Bimetallic crowns This level allows you to drill 5-20 holes in a steel sheet 5 mm thick. At the same time, the use of any lubricant-cooling composition ensures the achievement top bar this range. At the third stage there are bimetallic crowns worldwide famous brands, which are still twice as expensive, can be equipped with special devices for quick change in the drill, but their service life is not much or does not exceed the average price level.

Drilling large diameter holes in steel sheets more than 5-6 mm thick for bimetallic crowns is very difficult, although sometimes you can hear a different opinion. It is based on data on the full drilling depth of such crowns - 35-38 mm. As a rule, only sellers of bimetallic crowns, who do not have a more worthy tool in their assortment, risk advising drilling a 30 mm sheet or beam in this way. The fact is that the bimetallic crown does not have a chip removal groove, and as soon as the thickness of the metal being drilled becomes greater than the height of the crown tooth, problems with chip removal begin. In addition, the body of the bimetallic crown is not entirely cylindrical in shape, which causes jamming in metal of considerable thickness.

Unlike bimetallic crowns, they provide more precision drilling. The body of the carbide hole saw is machined, while the bimetallic bit is rolled from tape and welded into a ring. There are several types of carbide drill bit designs. Without delving into the types of shanks and types of fastening, we will only analyze the cutting part. The most expensive part of the crown is the carbide teeth. The quality of the material greatly influences the drilling speed, impact resistance, bit life and the ability to drill alloy steels with a high chromium content.

The second feature that you need to pay attention to is the shape of the tooth and its size. For drilling thin sheet steel, thin stainless steel and non-ferrous metals, a narrow tooth with a flat profile, slightly beveled inward, is used. Such crowns also do not have a chip removal groove, and they will not be able to drill into metal thicker than the height of their tooth. The price of such crowns is two to three times higher than that of bimetallic crowns, depending on the design of their body, they can be designed or. Since these are professional samples, at present their counterfeits are rare, and almost all samples found on the market are of acceptable quality, but excellent quality ones should be chosen from manufacturers specializing in these products.

Thicker metal can be drilled. In such crowns, every second or, as a rule, one of three consecutive carbide teeth is sharpened in its own way. This ensures soft cutting, no vibration, reduced load on cutting edges and, as a result, an increase in the resource of the crown. Such crowns have a short or long chip removal groove that extends almost the entire height of the wall. The first version of the crowns allows you to drill metal up to 12 mm thick, and up to 25 mm thick. It is this version of the tool for drilling holes in large-diameter metal that is the most progressive, providing the best performance and quality. The price of such crowns is 20-30% higher than that of thin-walled ones and in absolute value is 1880 - 1910 rubles, as we agreed, for a crown with a diameter of 51 mm. As elsewhere in nature, there are deviations in one direction or another up to 2 times, but, as usual, consideration builds a golden mean.

An option in which the metal is quite thick, say 10 mm, and the hole diameter is 20-25 mm can be solved. It is recommended as a drive, but you can also use an electric drill. With the mentioned machine, the investment will be 21,164 rubles excluding VAT, and with a drill - 5,000 - 5,500 thousand.

For a hole with a diameter of 50-60 mm, with such a metal thickness, the use of a magnetic or stationary drilling machine is clearly required. A large load determines the high cost of investing in equipment, and together with a crown it will be about 56,000 rubles, or, option with magnetic drill stand and a separately purchased drill about 50,000. Drilling such holes with a drill by hand is not only difficult, but also dangerous.

Drilling large-diameter holes in metal up to 5 mm thick with a hand-held electric drill is not difficult when using both bimetallic and carbide bits. The choice of tool depends on the required accuracy. When drilling holes with a bimetallic crown, the ovality of the holes and the increase in diameter from the desired value can reach 4% or in absolute terms - 2 - 3 mm. When drilling with a carbide crown - only 0.6 - 1 mm. In addition, all of the carbide bits presented in the review, and almost all of the bits available on the market for metal, also drill stainless steel.

Metalworking is performed with special cutting tools, using machines and mechanisms. Drilling holes in metal is not an easy task. This technological operation requires basic knowledge about the material, machines and cutting technology. Sometimes it is difficult to select a drill taking into account different degrees of metal hardness and select cutting modes.

Required Tools

Professional metal drills(eg Bosch, Makita, Metabo or Hawera) are made exclusively from HSS. Some are covered protective layer, which increases their wear resistance when drilling.

Hand tools - drills and drill bits should be selected carefully. If you have no experience in this area, you should seek advice from a store employee. Purchasing an expensive, high-end drill does not always guarantee its long service life.

Compliance with hole production technology in metal and a correctly selected drill significantly increases its service life and protects against premature wear. Basic rules for operating cutting tools:

• Selecting the appropriate type of gimlet for drilling metal of a certain hardness. Many manufacturers have developed entire programs using which you can select the appropriate tool.
• Selecting cutting modes, setting the correct rotation speed.
• Correctly selected feed, application of appropriate pressure on the cutting tool.
• Application of cooling. An oil-based emulsion is recommended.
• Proper fastening of the material (for example, in a vice).
• Attaching the drill to the stand is precise and perpendicular.
• Use of an expanded set of gaskets when drilling through holes.

Technological process

Drilling is the process of removing small parts of the material being processed, chips, using a drill. During drilling, the temperature of the workpiece increases. The cutting force leads to damage, the friction force causes a change in the geometry of the cutting edge, plus high temperature, as a result the tool gradually becomes dull.

Most drills are made from high-speed steel with different cobalt content. It is very important that it is sharpened correctly: the cutting edges are equal length, the jumper between them was located along the axis of the cutting tool.

This ensures that both edges will perform identical work during the drilling process. The drill will not have runout, the hole diameter will correspond to the size, and heating of the part and the tool will be minimized.

A drill-drill with chamfer correction has a smaller jumper, due to this the cutting edges are lengthened. With such drills you can drill a hole without preliminary marking with a core.

The choice of drills depends on the type of work performed. NWKa HSS Baildon drills are optimal for drilling:

• structural steel;
• cast iron;
• brass;
• bronze;
• aluminum;
• plastics;
• tree.

Drilling metal

A special feature of the drills is the presence of a sharp edge, which allows for mechanical processing of the material. They have an equal diameter along the entire length, and the blade is sharpened at an angle of 118°. The sharpening angle varies depending on the hardness of the material, for example, for alloy steel, it is 135°. This type of drill is made of HSS steel with 5% cobalt. They require cooling during operation. special oil for drilling.

In order to drill a nozzle in metal evenly and accurately, it is necessary to use a guide device - a jig.

When drilling, it is best to use as little force as possible. When drilling a through hole, when the moment of exit of the cutting tool approaches, it is necessary to reduce the feed so that the part does not tear out, the drill does not break, or burrs do not form.

A conical drill is used to produce a conical hole in metal. It is used as independent instrument. They can drill a cylindrical hole, turning it into a conical one. A conical hole in the metal is made on lathe to drill, bore the resulting nozzle with a cutter.

Cutting modes

The most common mistake is application too high speed drilling. The more difficult the material to process, the lower the drilling speed should be used. For example, in the case of drilling an 8 mm hole in brass, the drilling speed should be 2500 rpm, for harder alloy steel - 800 rpm. The best sign choosing the right drilling speed results in beautiful, long chips.

Depending on which tool to choose, cutting parameters are important. It is necessary to select the correct rotation speed and feed. Best options Benchtop drilling machines provide this, but they cannot be used everywhere. It is necessary to follow the principle: the lower the speed and the lower the feed, the longer the tool will last.

For example, take stainless steel, 8 mm hole, 4 mm thickness, cooling lotion or oil, HSS drill bit, drill or drilling machine: The revolutions should not exceed 400 rpm, and the feed should not be more than 0.10 mm/ turnover In other words, you can drill at a speed no higher than 400 rpm. But this speed is not optimal. Therefore, it would be optimal, for example: 170 rpm, and the feed for every 30 revolutions is 1 mm (three times less than recommended).

Cooling the drill during the drilling process is very important. Use emulsions, oils, drilling sprays. Water should be avoided, as it does not have the properties of lubricating fluids, but only cools.

Large diameter holes

To the question of how to drill a large diameter hole in metal, there is only one answer: in the technological process of drilling necks. For example, you need to increase the neck and get a size of thirty millimeters in diameter. First, it is drilled with a tool of a smaller diameter, for example, four millimeters, then to a size of 8 millimeters, then 12 millimeters, and so each size is expanded to the result.

A large diameter neck in a product can be made on a lathe. The operation is as follows: drilling a hole, boring the neck the right size. As pre-drilling is required, the process can be divided into stages: small-diameter drilling, reaming with a gradual increase in drill diameter.

Drilling thin sheet metal

The peculiarity of obtaining an armhole in thin sheet metal is his reliable fastening. After the drill comes out to the other side, there is a danger that the sheet may suddenly jam and tear out if it was held in your hands. The best way reliable fastening the sheet is a clamp. In this case, the risk that the tin will be torn out is much less. The number of burrs formed is reduced, which will greatly facilitate the finishing of the element.

If the metal is 0.1 millimeter thick, you can make a hole without a drill by using a metal punching tool. Its design is very simple, like pliers. A punch is attached to one lever, and a matrix to the other. The principle is the same as cold stitching using a stamp.

To cut a through groove in sheet steel, you need to drill a successive row of holes according to size, connecting them into a single slot using a chisel and hammer. To do this, it is necessary to cut off the bridges between the holes and smooth out the unevenness with a file.

Metal pipes

When drilling a metal pipe, make sure that the workpiece is securely secured in the vise. It is advisable to mount the drill on a vertical stand. Insert a piece of wood of the same shape and size inside the pipe, which will protect the pipe from deformation. In this case, use low feed.

Getting narrow nozzles

Drilling deep holes of small diameter can only be done on a special machine or lathe using a device. The part is clamped into a 3-jaw chuck and checked for runout with an indicator. The device is mounted on a tool holder. A drill chuck with a drill is installed in the fixture. First, the hole is centered, then the nozzle is drilled to a given depth. Using a tailstock is problematic, since the overthrust must be constantly removed to remove chips and lubricant.

To obtain vertical holes, a right angle drilling device is used. For an electric drill it is vertical stand at an angle of 90 degrees to the base. The easiest way is to use a vertical drilling machine.

Drilling through holes in metal workpieces is carried out various instruments using special techniques. Many specialists, when performing engineering work, have to drill holes in metal structures often. These objects have high elasticity, which forces the use of special cutting devices when drilling.

Types of drills and devices for drilling in metal

Necessary equipment for drilling metal products - electrical and hand drills, as well as drilling machines. The working part of such devices is a drill of different shapes:

• spiral;
• screw;
• crown-shaped;
• conical;
• flat;
• cannon;
• rifle;
• centering;
• stepped.

Each drill is individually marked, where the tip indicates the cross-sectional diameter and the type of alloy from which it is made. To drill a hole of the required diameter, you need a drill a few tenths of a millimeter narrower.

Drills are also classified by length:

• short;
• elongated;
• long.

Drilling in some materials may require a specially sharpened diamond-tipped drill bit. Twist drills may not be able to handle products made from thin sheet alloys. In some cases, to drill deep holes, the product must be fixed in a vice, stops, jigs, or corners with fasteners. This is done for safety reasons and to obtain high quality holes.

Modes for drilling holes in metal products

For drilling through holes in metal products, preliminary preparation for the process is extremely important. The drill must be correctly secured and guided in the tool. You need to adjust the rotation speed and other parameters. For products that are too strong, a low drill speed is recommended. An indicator of correct drilling should be uniform, long chips.

Types of holes and methods for drilling them

Some industrial work often requires following types holes in metal workpieces:

1. Through. They completely pierce metal workpieces. It is important to protect the surface of the machine from accidental exit of the drill beyond the product to avoid damage to the drill and the occurrence of burrs on the blank. Workbenches with holes are ideal for these types of work, where it is possible to place them under the workpiece. wooden spacer. Holes in thin blanks are drilled with flat drills, because a twist drill can noticeably destroy the edges of the product.
2. Deaf. They are carried out to the required depth without penetrating the product right through. IN in this case An important point is measuring the depth, which can be conveniently done by limiting the length of the drill with the stop of the sleeve or the drill chuck with a locking stop. Professional machines are equipped automatic systems feed to the specified penetration size, which allows you to fix the depth of the drill.
3. Deep. This type of hole includes those drills whose length is five times the diameter. When drilling deep holes, it is necessary to periodically remove the resulting chips using additional lubricants. Often it is necessary to enforce measures to cool the drill and the workpiece itself, the temperature of which rapidly rises to too high levels as a result of friction. This applies to workpieces made of high-strength alloys. For deep holes, twist drills are used.
4. Wide diameter. Drilling large diameter holes in products of large proportions is a very responsible and labor-intensive process. For such holes, conical, crown-shaped or step drills. Specialists carry out drilling at low tool speeds, trying to ensure the safety of the edges of the workpiece.
5. Complex shape. Sometimes it is necessary to drill through or blind holes in workpieces of different densities under internal thread. The technology has to be divided into two actions: preliminary preparation platforms and the drilling itself.
6. Half-hearted. Half blanks are drilled, filling the cavities with wood. Stepped holes can be obtained using one of two techniques: reaming (passing a drill of a smaller diameter to the entire depth of the workpiece, followed by drilling with drills of a larger diameter) and reducing the diameter (drilling a hole of a larger diameter to the required depth, followed by replacing a drill with a smaller diameter). As a result, the hole is clearly centered.

Safety when drilling holes in metal workpieces

When drilling holes in metal workpieces, you should be very careful to avoid rapid destruction of the drill. Following simple rules when drilling will ensure safety and guarantee a high-quality product upon completion of the work:

1. On the eve of drilling, you must carefully check the fixation of all fastening devices on the machine.
2. You can start work in special clothing to prevent any elements from getting under the moving parts of the machine. Protect your eyes from metal shavings with special glasses.
3. When the drill tip enters a metal workpiece, it should already be rotating at low speeds to avoid dulling.
4. Drill out drilled hole should be done gradually, reducing the speed, but not stopping completely.
5. When the drill tip does not penetrate into the workpiece, you will have to check the strength of the metal. When running a file over the surface, it is possible to determine the degree of strength. If there is no roughness left on the alloy, you need to choose a drill with a diamond tip or from a harder material, and drill at low speeds.
6. Drills of small diameter, which are difficult to fix in the chuck, are recommended to be wrapped around the tail with brass wire to increase the diameter of the girth.
7. If you are working with a polished workpiece, you can put a felt washer on the base of the drill to avoid damage when it comes into contact with the drill chuck.
8. To fix metal workpieces made of polished or chrome-plated steel, fabric or leather spacers are used.
9. When drilling deep holes, a small piece of compressed foam placed on the drill will ensure that small metal shavings are blown away. Also, foam plastic will make it possible to deepen the drill to the required level when producing blind holes.

Power electric drills must be taken into account when drilling holes in metal workpieces of varying hardness. Manufacturers of electric tools mark devices by indicating technical characteristics on their housing. For drills of different power, drills of the appropriate diameter are required.

You can entrust any tasks, including drilling, to the specialists of the Proflazermet company. We will determine it ourselves required diameter holes and select the appropriate tool, which we have big choice. In the end you will get perfect solution in short time.

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