What does morphological analysis of an adjective mean? Morphemic analysis of an adjective word

1. Initial form ( Nominative case singular masculine).
2. Constant signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
3. Variable features: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (in singular).

Syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in feminine- these are its fickle signs.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisHeavenly(azure) - adj.

1. Azure(which?) heavenly. N.f.- heavenly.
2. Post. - relative; non-post - in them pad. units h.g. R.
3. Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Parse 2-3 adjectives in writing.

1. Quiet evening shadows lie in the blue snow. (A. Blok.)
2. The frosty breath of the snowstorm is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read it. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and genders. Do morphological analysis three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is a month of big, silent snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly at night the trees will whisper and whisper: something is happening in the forest. By morning it will become clear: real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest was buried in other tormenting snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, their heavy yellow heads submissively bowed, mournful white trees froze.

designer morpheme analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures came and ran into the forest. They roamed over stumps and twigs, climbed onto fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

all over or all over

Either a squirrel or a bunny is sitting on a stump. He folds his white paws onto his white little belly, is silent and looks at white forest. On a stone by the river(?)ka, white Alyonushka: leaned her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek(?) with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

And here is a werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig(?) covered with snow.

noun number gate

Polar bears and white owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. Otherwise the wind will blow - remember the name!

see word analysis

303 . Write it off. Above the adjectives, indicate their rank by meaning. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives from any group.

adverbs as part of speech

A hare's trail, a hare's character, a hare's brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolfish appetite, wolf's den; fox hole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word analysis

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” (see “Literature. Grade 6”), write down all the adjectives. Disassemble two quality and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out as follows: scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

Rank by value

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant),

Full / short form(for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);

b) non-permanent:

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Genus (singular number),

Case (for complete ones).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

Let's give a comment for analysis.

The adjective is written out from the text in the form in which it appears. If an adjective modifies a noun with a preposition ( V big house ), it would be a mistake to write down the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not belong to the adjective.

It must be remembered that an adjective, unlike a noun, can have a compound form (for example, taller, least comfortable). In this case, all components of the form are written out.

The initial form of the adjective is the masculine singular form for adjectives that have a full form, and the masculine singular form for adjectives that have only a short form.

The constant features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension is not accepted in school grammar. The definition of a rank by value is made according to the value used in the text.

Some qualitative adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and/or a short form. In this case, completeness/brevity should be placed in permanent attributes.

A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (i.e. qualitative adjective may not change according to degrees of comparison, for example the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in the comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of the positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow an adjective in the positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a constant or inconstant feature.

The invariability of indeclinable adjectives is also their constant feature. Invariable adjectives have no inconstant features.

The inconstant features of an adjective are number, gender (singular), and case. For most qualitative adjectives, non-constant features are also completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison.

It must be remembered that only complete adjectives have a case marker.

If the adjective is in the simple form comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness/brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.

When analyzing, it must be borne in mind that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings one word (its lexico-grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In an adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison. So, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness/brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, i.e. it has constant sign positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of “movable,” on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but varies according to degrees of comparison. The word is subject to morphological analysis in the meaning in which it is used in the text.

Let's bring sample morphological analysis of the adjective.

And indeed, she was beautiful: tall, thin, black eyes, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul (M. Yu. Lermontov).

good good(V given value);

constant signs: qualitative, brief;

inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;

high- adjective, initial form - high;

inconsistent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

thin- adjective, initial form - thin;

constant signs: high quality, complete;

inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

black- adjective, initial form - black;

constant signs: quality;

inconsistent features: complete, positive degree of comparison, plural. number, I. p.;

syntactic role: definition.

mountain- adjective, initial form - mountain;

constant signs: relative;

inconsistent signs: units. number, female Rod, R. p.;

syntactic role: part of the adverbial.

Numeral

A numeral is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that denote numbers, the number of objects or the order of objects when counting and answer the question How many? or Which?.

The numeral is a part of speech into which words are combined based on the commonality of their meaning - their relationship to number. Grammatical features numerals are heterogeneous and depend on which category of meaning the numeral belongs to.

All schoolchildren know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Without it, our speech would be pale and boring. The kind of imagery and colorfulness that it gives to our language cannot be replaced by any part of speech. We will look in more detail at how to correctly perform the so-called in this article.

Features of the full form

There are permanent and non-permanent signs. Let's start with the first ones. An adjective has only one constant feature - categorization. As you know, there are only three of them:

• Qualitative - describe the appearance of objects, characteristics, color. They stand out from others because they can be compared in degrees. (Positive - low, comparative - lower, superior - the lowest).
• Relative - indicate place, material, time ( brick garage - brick garage; autumn the weather is the kind that can only happen in autumn).
• Possessives are the only group that answers the question “whose?” and denoting belonging to someone ( paternal character, squirrel tail).

It is not difficult to determine the category. You just have to understand the meaning of the word and ask the right question.

From inconsistent symptoms distinguish gender (masculine and feminine), case (six of them, like nouns) and number (singular or plural).

A special category here is made up of qualitative ones, since only in them the degree and presence of a short form are still determined. If you study this plan thoroughly, you will know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech.

What does "short" mean?

A participle and an adjective can form a short form. It appears as a result of truncation of the ending: beautiful (full adjective) - beautiful (short adjective), well-groomed (full adjective) - well-groomed (short adjective).

They differ from full forms not only syntactic functions, but also by spelling features. as a part of speech it has its own “zest”. For example, in a sentence it is never a complete definition. The short form of both participle and adjective always plays more important role: it is a predicate or, more often, part of it. (The girl was smart.)

It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of these forms. IN full participles They always write two letters N in the suffix, and one in the short one. With an adjective, the situation is different: in the short form we will write as many N as we will use in the full version.

In order to know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech, you need to take into account all its subtleties and features. The short form should be distinguished from the full form and in no case should it be confused with the participle.

Bottom line

An adjective is a special part of speech. Thanks to him, any of us will be able to colorfully convey our emotions, accurately describe the necessary object or its location. In short forms, it not only denotes any attribute, but also gives dynamism to the text.

Now you know everything about how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Using our simple recommendations, you will cope with the task without difficulty!

Mandatory part school curriculum in the Russian language is morphological analysis of other parts of speech. Students begin to get acquainted with him as early as primary school, and up to high school, such tasks are often encountered.

Definition

Morphological analysis is a determination of which part of speech the lexical unit in question belongs to and a description of its main features.

This type of task presents a certain difficulty for schoolchildren for a number of reasons:

1. Lack of clear ideas about parts of speech or complete/partial ignorance of how one part of speech differs from another.
2. The need to remember a large volume of morphological features associated with each part of speech.
3. In addition to morphology, it is necessary to determine also the syntactic role of a word in a sentence, since this requires knowledge about the members of the sentence, which children often confuse with parts of speech.

So this is universal tool training several rather extensive sections of the theory of the Russian language at once, so they do not refuse it, even despite its too scientific nature and complete lack of demand in later life.

What is morphology

The advantages of this task are easy to see in any example.

For characteristics according to morphological characteristics you will need:

• determine conjugation;
• name the species;
• indicate reflexive verb or non-refundable;
• mood;
• determine the number (at any time);
• if necessary, name the time, person and gender;
• characterize the syntactic role in the sentence.

In other words, you need to know everything about the verb, its types, conjugations, and moods.

Morphological analysis is a unique synthetic task that trains all topics at the same time. It easily allows you to identify gaps in a student’s knowledge and indicates which topic was at one time understudied or forgotten.

The system of teaching the Russian language in our country is based on the gradual complication of the material and the expansion of already formed ideas about the parts of speech.

Thus, in elementary school, children learn what a noun, verb, and adjective are, what questions each of these parts of speech answers, and what their role is in a sentence. Over the course of several years, these themes have been firmly established and honed. At the same time, children learn about conjugations and declensions and learn to correctly identify them. And only after that they begin to teach how to do a morphological analysis.

Elements of it can be introduced as early as 4th grade. What is morphological analysis of a word? Grade 5 begins to study and perform in a full manner. In 6th grade, children are introduced to the analysis of adjectives, verbs, numerals, and pronouns. Participles and gerunds, as well as adverbs and functional parts of speech are studied in the 7th grade.

Important! Morphological analysis of adverbs and other parts of speech is not difficult only for those students who have well mastered all the material relating to this or that part of speech.

Obviously, if a student does not understand what moods are and how they differ from each other, then he will not be able to conduct a high-quality and error-free analysis of the verb. In this case, it is recommended to turn again to those chapters of the textbook where these topics were covered.

Below is a table of independent parts of speech of the Russian language.

Which question does it answer?	Initial form	Constant signs	Variable signs	Syntactic role
Noun
Who? What? (and all possible case forms)	Nominative case singular numbers	Proper or common noun; animate or inanimate; gender (except for nouns that have only a plural form); declination.	Case, number	In a sentence it is the subject or object. Sometimes it can be predicate.
Adjective
Which? What? (and variations in gender and number)	Nominative case singular h. husband sort of	Discharge (qualitative, relative, possessive).	Case; number; gender (in units); for qualitative ones, in addition: degree of comparison; form (short or long).	In a sentence it is a definition. Can act as a predicate.
Verb
What to do? What to do? (variations in time and gender and number)	Infinitive (answers the question What to do? or What to do?)	View; conjugation; repayment; transitivity.	Mood; units or plural; time, person and gender (indicated if available)	It is a predicate in a sentence. Rarely can act as a subject.
Numeral
How many? Which one is in order?	Nominative	Simple or compound; quantitative or ordinal; for quantitative ones, indicate the whole, fractional or collective.	Case; number and gender (if available)	Often refers to a noun and is one part of a sentence with it. Can act as a subject, predicate, definition.
Pronoun
Who? What? Which? Where? How many? Where?	Nominative case singular numbers.	Discharge; face (personal)	Case; number and gender (if any)	Can act as a subject, predicate, definition, circumstance, addition.
Participle
Which? What? (and variations by gender and number)	Nominative case singular husband's numbers gender (indicate from which verb it is formed)	Active or passive; time; view; repayment.	Number; genus (in units); For passive participles indicate the form (full or short); for complete ones, indicate the case.	In a sentence it is a modifier or predicate. Can act as subject or object.
Participle
Doing what? What did you do?	No (indicate the verb from which it is derived)	Type (perfect or imperfect), recurrence, immutability.
Adverb
Where? Where? When? Where? Why? For what? How?	No	Rank by meaning (adverb of place, time or manner of action); immutability; degree of comparison (if any).		In a sentence it is a circumstance

Below we indicate what you should pay attention to in each case. Morphological analysis of a noun requires a thorough knowledge of declensions and cases. This is where children most often make mistakes.

Note! In the Russian language there are differently indeclinable nouns (flame, banner), which should be written about this way, indicating the declension.

Some difficulties may arise with determining the number of some nouns. We remember that collective nouns in the Russian language (rags, detvora) always have only a singular form and cannot change in numbers or be combined with cardinal numerals (you cannot say - two rags, students). It is also useful to remember the general gender of nouns (quiet, simpleton...) and not pay attention to the ending –ya, hastily indicating the feminine gender.

Let's look at an example: "By yard a small dog walked decorously.”

1. Around the yard (for what?) - noun.
2. Beginning f. - "yard". Fast. signs: nat., inanimate, m.r., 2nd class. Non-post. signs: Dat. p., units
3. Around the yard.

Morphological analysis of an adjective is unthinkable without knowledge of categories. You should work on this until the child can immediately name which adjective is in front of him.

Deserves special attention verbal adjectives, which differ from participles in the absence of prefixes and the writing of only one N in the suffix (knitted, boiled). They are often (but not always) relative adjectives.

Useful video: morphological analysis of a noun

Example of morphological analysis of an adjective

“She walked decorously around the yard small little dog"

1. Small (what?) - adjective.
2. Head.f. - “small”. Fast. signs: qualities. Non-post. signs: complete, Im.p., singular female
3. Small.

When performing morphological analysis of a verb, you should remember the exceptions to the rule about conjugations and be able to determine the transitivity/intransitivity of verbs.

When completing a task for a participle or gerund, students often make following error: replace the type of verb from which the participle is formed. For example: left - formed from the perfect verb “to leave” (and not “to leave” or “to go” - imperfect form). To avoid such mistakes, it is important to ask the question not “Which one?” What?”, and “What did you do? What did she do? and so on. (not quite in Russian, but it eliminates problems with identifying the species).

Morphological analysis of the adjective

If it is not entirely clear how to parse participles, we advise you to consider the example below.

“I was awakened by sounds coming from the street through the open window.”

1. Those who hear (what are they doing?) - participle. Derived from the verb “to hear.”
2. Head.f. - “reaching.” Fast. signs: valid, present, not current, return. Non-post. signs: plural
3. Reaching.

Morphological analysis causes the least problems. Since this is an unchangeable part of speech, it is only important to correctly indicate the digit by value. These categories must be learned by heart.

Sample:

"Around the yard decorously a small dog was pacing"

1. Decorously (how?) - adverb.
2. Sign of action; unism.
3. Chinno.

IN Lately Various electronic support services have become available. So, you can do a morphological analysis of a word online, but for this you need to visit professional and trusted pages. In addition, it is better to complete the task yourself first, and use the Internet as a checking authority.

Useful video: morphological analysis

We hope that the question of how to make a morphological analysis of a word will no longer cause you any difficulties. We wish you joy from learning.

In this article I will tell you how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. The Russian language is complex, but with enough diligence and interest you can understand its rules regarding vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Schoolchildren and students are often required to know morphology and be able to do things in accordance with its requirements. Tasks where you need to morphologically parse a word are designated in textbooks with the number 3: “Diana put on a beautiful” coat.

The order and sample of parsing an adjective

What is morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech

By performing a morphological analysis of a word expressed by an adjective, we establish all its meanings: lexical, grammatical, etc. By analyzing a word, we determine what features (constant and non-constant) the adjective has, and what role it plays in the syntax of the sentence. To do this, there is a certain plan of action, following which it is possible to easily perform a morphological analysis of the adjective:

• establish which part of speech the word given in the task belongs to - if it involves answers to the questions “Which?”, “Whose?”, “Which?”, then it is an adjective, also note that it serves to designate a characteristic of an object;

Questions for an adjective

• establish the initial form of the word - put the word in question in the masculine gender, nominative case and singular, and determine the morphological features:

Permanent:

• category of these parts of speech according to lexical and grammatical meaning – possessive, relative, qualitative;

Adjective categories

Form – short or full (for adjectives from the category of qualitative, having only a full or only a short form).

Full and short form of adjectives

Non-permanent:

• For qualitative adjectives, determine their degree of comparison - from positive to comparative and superlative;

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

• • • establish gender, number and case - signs that are considered unstable, since they depend on the noun, which is defined by the adjective;
• determine the role of the adjective in the sentence (which member of the sentence it is). Most often, an adjective acts as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate or an agreed definition of a noun.

Examples of parsing an adjective as a part of speech

Let's analyze the adjective according to the above scheme. Let's say the task contains a sentence “Diana put on a beautiful coat”, and we need to parse the adjective “beautiful”. First of all, we select from the sentence the “adjective - noun” link, in our case it is “a beautiful coat”. Following the above algorithm, we perform the following actions:

• we establish to which part of speech the word in question belongs - “coat (what?) beautiful”, since “beautiful” answers the question “what?”, then this is an adjective that serves to designate the attribute of the noun “coat”;
• we establish the initial form of the word - we put the word “beautiful” in the nominative case, masculine and singular, we get the word “beautiful”, and determine the morphological characteristics:
  • permanent:
    • the lexical and grammatical category of the word “beautiful” is a qualitative adjective, since it denotes a characteristic of an object (in our case, a coat);
    • form – complete;
  • fickle:
    • we determine the degree of comparison of the adjective - the word “beautiful” has a positive degree of comparison (comparative - more beautiful, superlative - the most beautiful);
    • we establish the gender - since the adjective serves to define the noun, we carefully study the latter. The word “coat” is neuter, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also neuter;
    • a similar method is applied to establishing the number - “coat” is singular, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also singular;
    • the case “coat” is accusative, respectively, and “beautiful” is also used in the accusative case;
• We determine the role of the adjective “beautiful” in a sentence - it is a predicate, expressed by an agreed definition of the subject “coat”.

This was an example of oral reasoning; in writing, the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech looks more condensed.

Example 2. Analyzing the proposal for the Czech Republic

Suggestion given: “Diana put on a beautiful coat.” Let's write down the analysis of the adjective:

Beautiful coat.

1. The coat (what?) is beautiful. Beautiful – adj.
2. N. f. - Beautiful.
3. Wed. R.
4. Unit h.
5. V. p.
6. Definition: beautiful.

In order for the morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech to be easy for you in the future, be sure to memorize the algorithm of actions and constantly practice. Gradually, the number of errors will be minimized and all actions will be brought to almost automaticity. Say everything you do out loud, this way you will find mistakes faster, and the material will be remembered much easier.

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