DIY disc grinder. Homemade wood sanding machine with your own hands

No home craftsman can do without hand power tools. But sometimes there comes a time when such a tool is not enough, and the help of serious equipment is required. For example, a belt machine can process the surfaces of large parts. grinding machine. Industrial units are too expensive, so many craftsmen make their own grinding machines.

Belt Sanding Machine Design

Wood is widely used to make all kinds of products and parts. In order to process a wooden piece properly, various equipment is used. Careful, high-precision processing of wood is carried out on belt sanding machines, which, as a working tool, have an abrasive belt.

The design of the grinding unit includes:

1. An abrasive belt that can be positioned horizontally or vertically. It is installed on the frame and placed between the rotating drums.
2. Lead and slave drums. The rotation of the drive drum occurs due to an electric motor, which transmits torque through a belt drive. The rotation speed of the leading element, and therefore the speed of movement of the belt, can be adjusted by specially established surface treatment modes.
3. The equipment table can be wooden or metal. More complex workpieces can be sharpened on a metal base.
4. The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be capable of providing the belt with a normal speed of 20 meters per second.
5. A special installation hood must be installed so that dust generated during operation can be removed during the technological process.

Length of the machine and its working tools depends on the length of the products, which will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the working surface.

What are grinding machines used for?

As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing machining products for final stages production. Belt sanders can work with both wood and metal.

Woodworking equipment is capable of finally level the surfaces, remove roughness and irregularities in the form of elevations or depressions, remove burrs, grind curves, make internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.

Metal cutting machines work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and rectangular blanks and with plain and alloy steel. They are capable of rational and a short time grind large diameter pipes and round timbers.

In addition, belt sanders intended:

• for sanding products before the paint coating procedure;
• for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
• for processing flat surfaces;
• for grinding curved surfaces.

Manufacturing instructions

Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.

What to make the bed out of?

It is best to make a desktop from thick iron. The ideal dimensions of the canvas are 500x180x20 mm. However, the larger the dimensions of the bed, the more options for various parts that can be processed on it.

Large work surface will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. To make it you will need:

1. Cut one side of the canvas prepared for the table using milling machine on metal.
2. Make markings.
3. Drill three holes in the end of the cut piece.
4. Using three bolts, secure the working platform to the frame.

Selecting and installing a motor for the machine

The engine for the unit can be a motor from washing machine. If this is not available, then you can select a motor whose rated power will be up to 3 kW, and the operating intensity will be about 1500 rpm. The power unit for the grinding machine should be tightly and securely fixed to the frame.

Master and slave drums

You can make such elements for a grinding machine yourself from a material such as chipboard. To do this you need:

1. Cut out chipboard sheet workpieces measuring 200x200 mm.
2. Assemble a package 240 mm thick from the resulting blanks.
3. Fold everything and grind until optimal diameter at 200 mm.
4. Attach the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
5. The driven drum is secured around the machine axis on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure the tape touches the work surface softly.

When making drums, it is worth considering that diameter of their central part should be a couple of millimeters larger than the outer diameter. This is necessary to ensure stable operation technique, since the flexible tape will be in the middle of the drum.

DIY sanding belt

You can use several sanding strips as a sanding belt. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued together. Ideal option the basis for the canvas will be a tarpaulin.

Having assembled the structure from all the selected elements, you can safely begin processing the wood.

Sanding machine from a hand sander

Taking as a basis manual grinder, the remaining parts of the equipment can be made with your own hands from chipboard, pine and birch bars. The U-shaped stop is glued with PVA glue, the remaining elements of the unit are connected with screws.

The base of the machine can be connected by loops two pieces of chipboard. For greater strength, the hinges are secured with M6 bolts.

The grinding machine is installed to the base using bars, which are pre-fitted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.

At the front, the sander is secured with suitable sized furniture confirmers. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.

The machine is attached to the base from the back with a block and two screws. To ensure that the thrust pad and the grinding plane are in line, pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body.

In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, you can make a groove for moving a small carriage, which may be useful I use an electric planer for sharpening knives.

After securing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can be used.

Having studied the options for making a belt sanding machine with your own hands and strictly following the instructions, you can acquire multifunctional equipment. Such equipment will be capable of not only grinding wood products, but also sharpening any cutting tools.

During production wooden structures V mandatory it is necessary to clean their surfaces. Manual labor will take a long time and will not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more advisable to make the machine yourself.

Drum machine design

Manufacturing should begin with studying the design features of this type of equipment. Grinding machine drum type Designed for processing wooden surfaces, leveling them and removing burrs.

The device belongs to a type of wood surface grinder that performs a calibration function. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making a unit with your own hands is the choice optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.

Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:

• frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
• power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this purpose;
• grinding drum. It is important to choose the correct diameter and method for removing chips. With your own hands you can make a base on which the sanding tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a cutting edge from a professional turner. It all depends on the type of work;
• device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
• Desktop. The workpiece will be placed on it. When making a machine with your own hands, experts recommend making this component from fiberglass;

Additionally, drum grinding equipment can be equipped with a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing area. It is also recommended to make a working table with a variable height relative to the snare drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden workpiece.

If grinding the outer or inner surface of the board is necessary, the drum should be positioned horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust it in height.

Types of drum grinding machines

The next step is to select the design of the wood cutting machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade drum-type equipment is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.

Factory production lines require dedicated processing centers. They have complex functionality and can perform several operations simultaneously. However, their main disadvantage is high price. Therefore, it is not advisable to consider them as home equipment.

Exist following types machining centers:

• surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-production;
• cylindrical grinding. Designed for processing cylindrical surfaces. For this purpose, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
• planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.

To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are distinguished by their simple design, availability of components and relatively quick production.

In addition to leveling, drum sanders can be used to remove layers of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden parts DIY interior.

Making your own grinding machine

The most simple model The do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Sanding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.

But similar design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make woodworking equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met asynchronous models, which can be taken from old household appliances – washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.

The procedure for making a homemade machine.

1. Frame. It should be quite stable. Therefore, it is made from sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. As an alternative, you can consider plexiglass with a thickness of 10 mm.
2. The engine is installed so that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
3. Drum for processing. If you plan to perform only grinding work, install it abrasive belt. For more deep processing you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
4. Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to a fixed cylinder.
5. Control block. DIY designs rarely provide the ability to adjust the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.

Homemade machine

Grinder (English) literally – crusher. Meat grinder is a meat grinder, rock (stone) grinder is a stone crusher; stick (wood) grinder – garden crusher of branches and twigs into chips. But there is also a completely unambiguous meaning of the word grinder: in mechanical engineering and metalworking it is a grinding machine. A useful household item. For example, it is impossible to guide a dull meat grinder knife on a whetstone manually. On a manual knife sharpener - somehow possible, having solid working skills. And on the grinder - no problem. The same thing - if you need to polish a part complex shape without disturbing her profile. Either just sharpen the scissors or professional knife. Various kinds Wood and metal cutters are best edited on a grinder. It is quite possible to design and assemble a grinder with your own hands, without having complex equipment and skills to work on it. In terms of money, this will mean savings of 50-90 thousand rubles. up to 3-6 thousand USD.

To make a grinder yourself, you will need to order a maximum of 4-5 turned parts, and it is often possible to do without external turning at all. For example, how to make a simple grinder literally out of trash, see the video below:

Video: DIY belt grinder made from trash

Or another option, how to make a stronger and more durable grinder from scrap metal:

Video: scrap metal grinder

Disc or tape? And drive

There are almost more types of grinding machines used in industry than lathes. The emery known to all craftsmen - a motor with a pair of grinding wheels (or one wheel) - is also a grinder. For yourself at home, it makes sense to make either a disk end grinder (plate grinder) or a belt grinder. In the first, the abrasive is applied to a rotating hard disk; in the second - on an elastic band running around a system of pulleys and rollers. The disc type is more suitable for grinding simple wooden parts and coarse or medium clean metal parts. Using a belt grinder, it is also possible to produce precise and clean finishing of profiled parts of complex shapes, incl. large-sized, see below.

A disk grinder is very easily obtained from the same emery or a motor of suitable power, see below. You need to order an adapter from the electric motor shaft to the shank of a metal-based grinding disc. Or under chuck, then on the same motor it will be possible to build a mini lathe, see figure:

A worn-out “plate” is suitable: a disk made of thin (4-6 mm) fibrous plastic is glued to the edge of its side, and an abrasive is placed on it. How to make an end grinder, see next. video clip.

Video: homemade end grinder

The difference between a disk and tape grinder is not only in the possibilities of use. If we take ordinary household crafts, then for a disk grinder a drive power of 250-300 W on the shaft is enough. For small wooden parts - and 150-170 W. This is a motor from an old washing machine, a straight (ordinary) drill or a screwdriver. But for a belt grinder you will need an engine from 450-500 W: three-phase with batteries of starting and operating capacitors. If you plan to process large items, then the motor power is from 1-1.2 kW. Moreover, capacitor batteries for both will cost not much less than the engine itself.

Note: a 100-200 W drive uses a mini-belt grinder (see below) for precise knife dressing, grinding/polishing jewelry, etc.

A drill or screwdriver as a grinder drive is also convenient in that it allows you to quickly change the speed of movement of the abrasive (see below) using a standard speed controller. You just need, firstly, to make a holder for the drill that rigidly fixes the tool. Secondly, an elastic transition coupling from the drill to the disk shank, because It is difficult to achieve their precise alignment without special equipment, and runout will negate the accuracy of processing and can damage the drive tool.

Drawings of a drill holder for using it as a drive for a home metal-cutting machine are given on the left in the figure:

Since shock and irregular alternating loads on the drive in a grinder are an order of magnitude lower than, say, in lathe, the drill holder for it can be made of hard wood, plywood, chipboard, MDF, on the right in Fig. The diameter of the mounting (large) hole is along the neck of the drill. It is highly advisable to use a drill without an impact mechanism and with a steel shell on the neck (for installing the front handle).

coupling

For the adapter coupling, you will need a piece of steel rod (not necessarily turned) of the same diameter as the shank of the grinder drive shaft, and a piece of reinforced PVC hose and (garden irrigation) with a gap such that it stretches tightly over the rod and shank. The length of the “free” hose (between the ends of the rod and the shank in it) is 3-5 cm. The length of the protruding part of the rod should be sufficient for reliable clamping in the drill chuck. After assembling the coupling in place, the hose on the shank and rod is tightened tightly with clamps; can be wired. Such a coupling completely counteracts the misalignment of the drive and driven shaft up to 1-1.5 mm.

Tape is still better

A belt grinder allows you to do everything a disk grinder can do, and much more. Therefore, next we will focus on how to make a belt sanding machine with your own hands. Amateurs, focusing on industrial designs, sometimes make very intricate grinders, see figure:

And this is justified: the design and kinematics of the belt grinder are very flexible, which makes it possible to successfully use scrap materials and old scrap metal. You just need to follow 3 principles:

1. Do not do as in the second photo from the left: the abrasive side of the tape should only touch the workpiece. Otherwise, the abrasive will eat both the guide rollers and itself. The accuracy and cleanliness of processing during one work operation will be unpredictable;
2. The design of the machine must ensure uniform tension of the belt, regardless of the nature of the operation performed;
3. The speed of the belt must correspond to the nature of the operation being performed.

Kinematics and design

As mentioned above, there are many designs of grinders. When considering what and how to build a grinder for yourself, it is better to focus on industrial designs designed to be fully mechanized for precise and clean grinding of large-sized profiled parts: once it “sands” the blade of an airplane propeller or wind turbine properly, it can handle any other work.

Kinematic diagrams of grinders for the specified purpose are shown in Fig.:

Basic kinematic diagrams of belt grinding machines (grinders)

Pos. A is the most complex and perfect, with three rocker arms. If the length of the tension roller rocker arm is approx. 2 times less than the working one, then by adjusting the tension of the springs, it is possible to achieve uniform tension of the tape when the working rocker moves 20-30 degrees up and down. By tilting the bypass rocker, firstly, the machine is reconfigured for the belts different lengths. Secondly, in the same way you can quickly change the belt tension for different operations. The working branch of the belt can be any, except for the one running from the drive pulley to the tension roller, i.e. A grinder with 3 rocker arms is both horizontal and vertical.

The scheme with a coaxially swinging rocker arm (item 2) is simpler, cheaper and in terms of processing accuracy is not inferior to the previous one, if the length of the rocker arm between the axes is at least 3 diameters of the workpiece. To reduce the profile by grinding, the stroke of the rocker arm is limited by stops within 10 degrees up and down. The pressure of the belt to the part is most often gravitational, under the weight of a rocker arm with a bypass pulley. The tension of the belt can be quickly changed within certain limits by pulling the rocker up with a weak adjustable spring, partly compensating for its heaviness. The grinder of this design can work as a grinder for small parts from a sliding table. In this case, the rocker arm is rigidly fixed horizontally, and the working surface of the belt will run around the bypass pulley. For example, the fairly popular BTS50 grinder is made using a coaxial rocker design. The disadvantages of the scheme are, firstly, the technologically complex rocker arm joint, which is coaxial with the drive shaft. Secondly, the need for an elastic band: if you make the idler pulley sliding and spring-loaded, the processing accuracy decreases. This drawback when processing small parts is completely eliminated by an additional tension roller, see below.

The scheme with one misaligned rocker arm is used quite rarely in industry, because in principle, it does not allow achieving uniform tape tension. However, it gives accuracy that is quite sufficient at home and allows you to build a very good simple grinder.

What's good for what?

Now let's see what is possible to “squeeze” out of this or that circuit from the point of view of an amateur master. And then we’ll try to figure out how to make a grinder belt ourselves and do without custom-made turned parts.

3 rocker arms

Competent amateurs build their grinders exactly according to the scheme with 3 rocker arms, on the left in Fig. below. Not all propeller blades can be ground, but in this case another advantage of this scheme applies: if the grinder is used as a vertical grinder, then the working branch of the belt is elastic. This allows to a skilled craftsman, let's say, point cutting edges and blades with literally micron precision.

In industrial grinders for home use the 3-rocker design is also widely used (in the center) for the same reasons. Repeating them yourself in most cases is quite possible. For example, the drawings of the KMG grinder, popular abroad, can be downloaded.

The dimensions are, however, inch - the machine is American. For the drive, in any case, it is possible to use an angle drill-grinder (on the right in the figure, it is quite suitable in terms of power) with homemade pulley and rollers, see below.

Note: if you are making a stationary drive, try to get an asynchronous motor at 2-3 speeds from an unusable washing machine with a horizontal tank. Its advantage is low speed. This makes it possible to make a large-diameter drive pulley and thereby eliminate belt slippage. A belt slip during operation is almost certainly a damaged part. Most washing machines have 2-3 speed asynchronous motors for 220 V - Spanish. Shaft power – 600-1000 W. If you come across one, don't forget about the standard phase-shifting capacitor bank.

Coaxial rocker

Amateurs do not make pure grinders with a coaxial rocker arm. A coaxial hinge is a complicated thing; you can’t make an elastic band yourself, and store-bought ones are expensive. Grinders with a coaxial rocker are most often used at home in the version for small precision work from the table, i.e. with a rigidly fixed horizontal rocker arm. But then the need for a rocker arm as such disappears.

An example is a mini grinder, the drawings of which are given in the figure:

Its features are, firstly, an overhead bed for the tape (item 7), which significantly expands the possibilities of use. For example, the plane iron is straightened on this grinder with an angular stop literally by itself. In this case, the grinder works, so to speak, like a self-propelled whetstone (emery block). Having removed the bed, we get a grinder with an elastic band for precise grinding/polishing of rounded small parts. Secondly, the tension shaft (item 12). By clamping it to the groove with nuts, we get a relatively fixed tension of the tape for working with the bed. And having released the nuts, we switch the grinder to the gravitational belt tension mode for fine work. Drive - not necessarily through a pulley (pos. 11). You can screw it directly onto the drive shaft shank (item 16) from the drill through the adapter coupling, see above.

A specialized tool grinder (for example, for guiding and straightening turning tools) generally loses any semblance of the original design. A high-speed motor is used for it (200-300 W is enough power). The drive pulley is, accordingly, of small diameter. The bypass pulley, on the contrary, is made larger and heavier for inertia. All this together helps reduce tape runout. The tension roller for the same purpose, plus for greater uniformity of belt tension, is moved further away and spring-loaded with a long, not very strong spring. How to make a grinder for processing incisors, see the video below.

Video: grinder for making cutters

One rocker

In amateur practice, grinders with a misaligned rocker arm are good because they do not require precise parts at all. For example, hinges can be made from card loops. At the same time, the processing accuracy remains sufficient for ordinary amateur requests.

In this case, the original scheme is also modified: the rocker arm is turned 90 degrees, moved up and spring-loaded, on the left in Fig. It turns out to be a simple vertical grinder. And, importantly, it works without problems with homemade non-stretchable tape. A tension spring (in the center) or a compression spring can provide tension to the tape. Its strength is not so important, as long as the tape does not bend excessively during operation. No adjustments are required during use.

Consumables and parts

The only consumable material for a belt grinder is a tape (not counting grease for bearings and hinges. The tape can be ordered to the desired length (see at the end), but you can also make it yourself from sandpaper on textile based. It is highly desirable - flexible, unimpregnated. In general, the procedure for making a grinder belt with your own hands is as follows:

• We cut the workpiece - a strip of the required length and width.
• We prepare a mandrel (not necessarily round) with a length along the generatrix slightly less than the length of the tape.
• We outline the mandrel with the workpiece inside out.
• We bring the ends of the workpiece exactly end to end and securely fasten them.
• Place a piece of glue stick for a hot glue gun on the joint.
• Gray construction hairdryer until the glue melts.
• We apply a patch of thin fabric to the joint.
• Press with something hard through the Teflon film until the glue hardens.

There are three significant points here. The first is to use a rough PET film with a thickness of 25-50 microns (sold) instead of fabric for the patch. It is very durable, but just try running your finger across a PET bottle. Not very slippery? Rough PET film cannot be stretched under tension even over polished metal. And instead of a patch, it is better to seal the back of the tape with a continuous strip of PET film with an overlap of 2-3 cm. The runout of the tape will be no more than 0.05-0.1 mm. This is less than from the thinnest calico and even less than the error in the thickness of the blank skin.

Second, insert the finished tape into the machine and grind something indecent with it without strong pressure. The scar on the seam will be sealed, and the tape will become no worse than the branded one.

But the most important thing is elasticity best glue for gluing the grinder tape, it is not expensive and difficult to use thermo- or mounting, but ordinary PVA. If the tape is covered with a lining along the entire length of the back, then its PVA strength will be more than enough. How to glue PVA grinder tape, see video

Video: gluing grinder tape with PVA glue

Pulley

Formative ( side surface cross-section) of the grinder drive pulley should be straight. If you use a barrel pulley, the belt will bend like a trough along its entire length. The rollers prevent it from slipping, see below, but the generatrix of the pulley must be straight.

A pulley for a grinder that is not intended for particularly precise work, firstly, does not have to be turned. In a scheme with 3 rocker arms, the beating of the belt from its misalignment will go out on the rollers before it reaches the working branch. In a simple vertical grinder, the beating of the belt will be sufficiently damped by the tension spring. Therefore, it is quite possible to make a pulley for a grinder without a machine, see video:

Video: drive wheel on a grinder without a lathe

Secondly, the pulley, rollers and, in general, all the parts of a home grinder can be made from plywood. In production, this is certainly not an option, even if a plywood grinder is offered for free with an additional payment: the grinder needs a salary, and the wooden grinder in the workshop will completely wear out before it pays for it and itself. But you won’t be running a grinder at home every day in 3 shifts. And no tape slips along the plywood pulley. Incl. homemade. So you can safely make a grinder pulley from plywood:

Video: pulley for grinder made of plywood

It is much more important to correctly calculate the diameter of the pulley based on the engine speed and the required belt speed. A running belt that is too slow will tear the material being processed; too fast - it will erase itself without really processing anything. In which case, what tape speed is needed is a separate conversation, and a very difficult one. In general, the finer the abrasive and harder the material being processed, the faster the belt should move. How the belt speed depends on the diameter of the pulley and motor speed, see figure:

Fortunately, for most abrasive-material pairs permissible limits The belt speeds are quite wide, so choosing a pulley for the grinder can be easier:

Video: what wheel is needed for a belt grinder

Rollers

The rollers of the grinder, oddly enough at first glance, are its most important parts. It is the rollers that keep the tape from slipping and ensure its uniform tension across the width. Moreover, there can be only one video in kinematics, see, for example, the video above about the grinder for incisors. Only barrel rollers can cope with this task, see below. But the “trough” of the belt after any roller must straighten before it reaches the working area.

Rollers with flanges (sides, edges) will not hold the tape. The issue here is not only and not so much with the misalignment of the roller axes: the grinder belt, unlike the drive belt, must withstand the loads from the parts being processed without slipping. If you make videos with flanges, then if you barely touch the tape with something, it will creep onto the flange. In the grinder you need to use Type 3 barrel rollers (highlighted in red on the left in the figure).

The dimensions of Type 3 rollers are also given there. It is advisable to take the diameter of the rollers no more than 0.5 of the width of the tape (so that the “trough” does not go far), but not less than 20 mm for turned steel and not less than 35-40 mm for plywood. The tension roller (the probability of the tape slipping from it is greatest), if the working branch of the tape does not come off it, can have a diameter of 0.7-1.2 its width. Plywood rollers are made in the form of a thick shell into which the bearing is pressed; then the roller is mounted on the axle (in the center in the figure) and processed cleanly, see e.g. track. video:

Video: barrel roller for grinder

Not every turner can turn a profile roller barrel exactly according to GOST even on a machine. Meanwhile, there is a way to make videos for the grinder without significant difficulties. The same PVC-reinforced garden hose will help out, on the right in Fig. previously. A section of it is pulled tightly onto a roller blank with a straight generatrix and cut off with a margin along the edges to the thickness of the hose wall. The result is a roller with a complex profile of the generatrix, which holds the tape even better and gives it a smaller “trough”. Don't believe me? Try to get to an airplane or missile graveyard and dig around in them. You will find rollers with exactly the same generatrix profile. It’s just that mass production of complex profile rollers is much more expensive than Type 3 barrels.

And another option

All critical parts of the grinder - a solid belt, pulleys with a coating that prevents it from slipping, rollers - can be purchased separately. They won’t be that cheap, but still not thousands of foreign ones and not dozens of native leather jackets. The remaining parts of the grinder, either flat or from corrugated pipes, are made using a regular tabletop drill or drill. Here's where you can order parts for the grinder:

• //www.cora.ru/products.asp?id=4091 – tape. Lengths and widths are made according to the customer's wishes. Consult on abrasives and processing modes. Prices are reasonable. Delivery time - questions to Ruposhta.
• //www.equipment.rilkom.ru/01kmpt.htm – spare parts (components) for grinding machines. There is everything, the prices are divine. Delivery - see previous page.
• //www.ridgid.spb.ru/goodscat/good/listAll/104434/ – the same, but foreign made. Prices are higher, delivery is the same.
• //www.pk-m.ru/kolesa_i_roliki/privodnye_kolesa/ – drive wheels. You can find ones suitable for grinding.
• //dyplex.by.ru/bader.html, //www.syndic.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 – spare parts for grinders. They do not make ribbons to order - choose from the catalogue. Rollers without axles; axles sold separately. The quality is impeccable, but everything is very expensive. Dispatch - within 2 weeks to the border. Then - their customs, our customs, Rusposhta. Total approx. 2 months It may not arrive if some local bureaucrat considers the product sanctioned. In this case, there are no problems with the return of payment due to the complete absence of real opportunities for the average citizen to receive one.
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Processing of metal parts and workpieces is carried out in several ways. Special equipment is used to remove a small layer of material, sharpening or grinding. The cost of factory models is high, and they do not always have the required functionality. Therefore, many home craftsmen prefer to make a metal grinding machine with their own hands with certain operational and technical qualities.

Characteristics of grinding machines

For household use it is recommended to choose simple diagram manufacturing - belt or disc grinding machine. The workpiece will be fed manually; additionally, it is possible to provide support table to fix it. There is no point in trying to make a complex internal grinding structure or with a honing function. Manufacturing costs will be high, and practical use for a home workshop is minimal.

• Electric motor characteristics. Power - up to 500 W, speed - 1400.
• The maximum belt speed is 330 m/s.
• Possibility to change the tilt angle of the moving belt up to 45°.
• Diameter grinding disc– up to 230 mm.
• Execution type: desktop.
• Availability of end and side tables. They will be used to fix the workpiece.

The simplest option for making a grinding machine is to use a sharpening machine. However, processing can only be carried out with the end of the disk, the width of which is limited. This scheme is only relevant for sharpening tools or processing small parts and workpieces.

Belt Sanding Machine

The best option for domestic use would be the tape model. Structurally, it consists of a system of shafts on which an abrasive belt is installed. Changing the angle of inclination and degree of tension occurs using a spring mechanism. It is recommended to make a wooden frame, as it is easier than producing a steel body.

Used Consumables and components:

• Guide drums. They are made from hardwood. Recommended diameter: 15 cm.
• Bed. It is also made from wooden blanks. The configuration depends on the dimensions of the machine and is determined independently.
• Drum mounts. These could be pins with bearings.
• Electric motor and torque transmission mechanism. A belt drive is used. To adjust the speed, discs for a belt of different diameters are used, mounted on the electric motor shaft.
• Tension mechanism. Necessary for adjusting the tension of the sanding tape. It is a lever mounted on a frame with the function of changing the height position. The design includes springs for smooth tension changes and a lock.

The assembly of the structure is carried out in stages. According to the developed scheme, components are made. They are then mounted on the frame. It is recommended to place the electric motor start button in convenient location for quickly turning on or off equipment. You can also install a protective shield made of polycarbonate.

Disk model

In some cases, there is a need to process a large area of ​​a metal workpiece. Using a belt sander will not be acceptable, since it is difficult to achieve uniform removal of material over the entire surface. For these purposes, a disk model is required.

You can do it in two ways:

• Modernization band press. The area of ​​the frame increases; a shaft with fastenings of a wooden disk (with 4 screws) with a diameter of up to 230 mm is installed on it. The drive is a belt drive, with the same speed switching. Additionally, a support table is manufactured.
• . It consists of an electric motor, on the shaft of which a fastener for a wooden disk is mounted. The disadvantage of this design is that it is impossible to change the rotation speed of the grinding wheel.

Another design option for a grinding machine is to install the shaft vertically. An abrasive belt is attached to the outer part of the cylinder. Such models are used for processing wooden structures.

Sanding is one of the wood processing methods that allows you to give the workpiece a perfectly smooth surface. A universal-to-use wood sanding machine will be distinguished by its functionality and ease of operation. To process lumber, you can use units manufactured by specialized manufacturers, or you can make such equipment yourself, which will allow you to save significantly.

Types of woodworking machines

Currently, there are numerous types of sanding machines that are designed to perform various types of work with wood. They differ in their design and are intended for domestic and industrial use. You can easily select both highly specialized models and universal machines, which are intended for complex wood processing.

If necessary, you can make a homemade grinding machine for metal or wood, based on a drill, a motor from a washing machine, or using other equipment.

Disc units

Working surface for self-made grinding machines for metal and wood, it is made in the form of an island metal disk onto which the abrasive is attached. Due to its simplicity of design and versatility of use, equipment of this type has gained wide popularity in the market today.

This machine consists of an electric motor, on the axis of which a circle with a fixed working surface is put on. Abrasive attachments are attached to the working axis and sanding paper, which allows processing of wooden blanks. Despite the simplicity of the design, such machines are distinguished by their versatility of use and can perform high-quality wood processing, giving the workpieces a perfectly flat and smooth surface.

The advantages of surface grinding technology include:

• Versatility of use.
• Efficiency.
• Reliability.
• Simplicity of design.

A feature of this type of equipment is the ability to adjust the processing speed of wooden workpieces without changing the speed of the working element. When working with such a machine, you can move the workpiece along the radius of the circle, which allows you to change the intensity of processing of products. At the periphery of the disk, the linear speed will be higher, which can significantly speed up and simplify wood processing. But inside the circle, where the linear speed is lower, final sanding is performed, removing the thinnest layer of wood.

Belt installations

Belt surface sanders have two shafts with a continuous belt of sandpaper stretched between them. Processing of workpieces is carried out by exposing them to sandpaper, which removes thin shavings from wooden workpieces, giving them a perfectly flat, smooth surface. The working surface of disc machines can be vertical or horizontal, while some models allow you to change the direction of movement of the belt. With the help of such equipment, it is possible to process long-length products, aligning their ends. The simplicity of the design allows you to make your own belt sanding machine for home use.

Drum models

The main purpose of units of this type is horizontal leveling using a jointer. This type of equipment is used mainly in industrial workshops, which is explained by the complexity of its design and the narrow specialization of drum units. Using drum sanding machines, wooden products of the same type with the same thickness are manufactured and processed.

Manufacturing of grinding machines

Machines offered today in specialized stores, manufactured industrially, are distinguished by their versatility in use, functionality and efficiency. Their only drawback is their high cost, therefore, when it is necessary to perform various types of grinding work, most homeowners decide to manufacture home-made equipment, which in its parameters and quality of processing is practically not inferior to factory units.

Structurally, a do-it-yourself metal grinding machine will consist of the following components:

• Metal or wooden frame.
• Electrical engine.
• Drive shaft.
• Working surface.
• Sanding belt.

When manufacturing a drum grinder, it is necessary to determine the power of the electric motor used. It is recommended to choose electric motors that develop around 3 kW and are capable of maintaining a clean rpm of 1,500 rpm. Based on such a drive, a functional, durable and reliable grinding machine can be manufactured that can cope with processing wooden products. The easiest way to make such equipment is based on an electric motor from an old washing machine.

The grinder bed can be made of lumber or metal corner, welded and additionally covered with plywood. It is necessary to select the dimensions of the bed based on the dimensions of the drive used, as well as the dimensions of the wooden workpieces processed on the unit. When making a bed, you need to focus on the existing project documentation, which will allow you to correctly manufacture the load-bearing base of the machine, which will subsequently be able to withstand significant loads.

The shaft of a manual and automatic belt grinder, which is directly connected to the electric motor, can be turned on a lathe or using ready-made blanks from industrial equipment. The shafts of the calibrating drum sanding machine must be located strictly in the middle of the main drive, which subsequently guarantees high-quality processing of wooden workpieces.

The optimal width of the sanding belt used will be 200 millimeters. It can be done from emery, which is cut into strips and then the abrasive tape used is glued from them. The material must be glued end-to-end, and with reverse side Dense material is placed to ensure the strength of the seam.

By making a sanding machine with your own hands, you can significantly simplify the processing of wooden blanks, leveling boards and removing chips from lumber. Making such a unit with your own hands will not be difficult. On the Internet, you will need to select a schematic drawing for the manufacture of the machine, and using an electric motor from an old washing machine, make the simplest equipment, which in its functionality and quality of processing will not be inferior to factory-made equipment.

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