Two-pipe or radiant heating scheme. Which one to choose? What is a radiant heating distribution system in a private house: pros and cons, connection features Advantages of a radiant heating system

Being a variety of methods for laying two-pipe heating pipes horizontal systems modern apartment and private houses, the radiant heating system has a number of undeniable advantages. Each circuit of the system with such a pipe layout is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set an individual operating mode for it that meets the criterion of comfort for a person to be in a specific area of the room.

Heating pipes laid in the thickness of a concrete screed or under a wooden floor on joists must be reliable, eliminating (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration of throughput and other malfunctions.

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Modern multi-apartment residential buildings and private cottages of any number of floors are increasingly equipped with horizontal heating systems. Necessary element Such a scheme consists of one or more (in an apartment building - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, with branches/entrances into separate rooms/apartments on each floor. Further laying of pipelines is carried out in a “horizontal” way.

When installing such systems, builders invariably face the difficulty of laying heating pipes to radiators. Pipelines vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not particularly disturb the residents. Horizontal pipes laid openly along the walls become a factor that interferes with the normal operation of the premises and do not fit well into their interiors. Therefore, various methods of horizontal hidden laying are used.

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

The minimum lengths of pipes and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are leveled by mutual crossing of pipelines, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

Perimeter wiring of the heating system

Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the baseboard.

The lack of crossing of pipes in the diagram is offset by the need to make holes in the walls (in the given diagram you need to drill five holes).

Layout of pipelines according to the scheme with associated movement of water (Tichelman scheme).

Here, the first radiator of the heating circuit has the shortest “supply” length and the longest “return” length, the last radiator is the opposite. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the coolant when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of radiators in a branch.

Collector-beam wiring of the heating system

The prevalence of this scheme is constantly growing. The pipes here are laid in the floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each radiator from the collectors (respectively, “supply” and “return”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). The disadvantage is increased costs due to high pipe consumption and additional costs for collectors.

An additional advantage of the beam scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will require the use of pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Accordingly, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees that connect the radiators will increase. The cost of such an element is comparable to the price of the pipe.

The use of radial routing, which increases the length of the pipes, provides the final benefit by reducing their diameter.

General requirements for installation of beam distribution

When using collector-beam wiring, a common method is to lay pipes in the floor in a screed, the thickness of which is 50-80 mm. Plywood is laid on top, covered with finishing floor covering(parquet, linoleum). This thickness of the screed is quite sufficient for free “monolithization” of the intra-apartment (intra-house) radial wiring of the heating system. It is possible to lay pipes externally along the walls under decorative skirting boards, which entails an inevitable increase in the length of the pipelines. There are known options for laying radial distribution pipes in the space of a suspended (suspended) ceiling, in grooves.

Metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene pipes (PEX pipes) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. PEX pipes have an undoubted advantage here. According to SNiP, only unbreakable connections can be “mortared” into concrete. PEX pipes are connected using tension fittings, which are permanent connections. Metal-plastic pipes use compression fittings with union nuts. “Monoliquing” them means violating SNiP. Each plug connection pipes must be accessible for maintenance (tightening).

Even without fittings, not every metal-plastic pipe is uniquely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polyethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing coolant temperatures. After all, metal and plastic have different coefficients of volumetric expansion. Therefore, the glue connecting them should be:

internally strong (cohesive);
adhesive to aluminum and polyethylene;
flexible;
elastic;
heat resistant.

These requirements are not met by all adhesive compositions even from well-known European manufacturers of metal-plastic pipes, which delaminate over time; the inner layer of polyethylene in such a pipe “collapses,” reducing its cross-section. Normal operation the system is disrupted, and the location of the malfunction is almost impossible to find - usually the “sin” is due to malfunctions of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In light of the above, we recommend that readers pay attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses American adhesive from the DSM concern, which ensures the strength of the metal/plastic connection, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.

Manifold cabinets and blocks

In an apartment with horizontal radiant heating distribution (on the floors of private houses), distribution manifolds (supply and return) are installed, collecting all supply and return pipelines at their outlets. They are placed in specially designed metal cabinets, often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inside them. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in specially designed wall niches. Often the collector unit is combined with a heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices can be:

plastic;
nickel plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel.

Many well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostatic valves (on the return manifold), automatic air vents, drain valves and mounting brackets.

The task of individually adjusting the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of a collector-radiant heating system is solved by tuning valves with built-in flow meters. The branches are obtained different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow the shortest way with minimal hydraulic resistance. It flows more intensely around short branches, warming up the radiators installed there more strongly.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the flow of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and widening them in long ones. Setting up is a painstaking process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly shut off or open the coolant flow along the circuits. This function is performed by thermostatic valves.

Thermal valves on the manifold – “return” – are valves that smoothly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Combined heating piping layout

Often there is not just one heating device installed in a room, but several. It is irrational to connect a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each radiator during collector-beam wiring. It is better to lay a separate branch to each room, which will bypass several heating devices inside the room, implementing a dead-end or parallel circuit.

Such a system is calculated as a beam system. Branches that supply several radiators with coolant are subject to a separate calculation as dead-end or passing. IN modern systems radiators are equipped with thermal valves (temperature regulators) that can be adjusted by users different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. Stability temperature regime indoors becomes difficult to maintain.

It turns out that you can get rid of instability while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting radiators by connecting them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

The thermal valve is installed only on the first radiator in the circuit, regulating the coolant flow through all heating devices connected in series. They are perceived as one radiator. Balancing difficulties will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply of coolant to radiators connected via radial wiring can be made automatically adjustable. In this case, the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure "Complete manifold block") instead of plastic cover manual control (position 4 in Fig. “Complete manifold block”), a small-sized electromechanical servo drive is installed, connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Radiators are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (you can install Ball Valves).

Such a scheme has increased capital costs, while simultaneously providing an increased level of comfort. The user-desired air temperature can be set from the control panel of the room thermostat, the signals of which are processed by servo drives on the thermal valves of the return manifold. The system can be controlled by a so-called chronothermostat, which provides the user with the ability to set a temperature control program for a week, differentiated by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

A heating system with collector-beam piping provides the user with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and individual adjustment of operating modes of heating devices. A certain increase in the length of pipes during radial distribution is obviously compensated by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.

First of all, you will need to draw a ray diagram on paper. Here you cannot do without at least minimal designer skills and an understanding of the basic principles of the functioning of the heating system. If you have no experience in design, you can order a drawing from a design organization.

Radial heating wiring diagram

For those who decide to do all the work themselves, it is recommended to divide the work into several successive parts:

Analysis of room characteristics. The basic rule for laying a pipeline is the absence finishing surfaces, since the pipes are laid in a screed.
Locating batteries. Radiators should be installed on the walls under the windows.
Drawing up a floor plan. It indicates the initial data, namely: the places where the batteries and the boiler are installed.
The plan should also include pipe installation locations and the location of the central distribution manifold.
Indication of safety and shut-off valves. The necessary equipment includes pressure gauges, thermometers, Mayevsky taps, shutoff taps, etc. The plan must list all devices and indicate the order in which they will be installed. You will also need air vents - one for each circuit. Air vents have an important function - preventing the formation air jams.

The collector is also popularly called a “comb”, because this element of the heating system looks like a hair comb. The base of the collector uses a pipe to which numerous pipes are connected. A radiant heating system uses two collectors. One manifold is installed on the supply, and the other on the return. The circulation pump is usually installed on the inlet manifold. A multi-way valve is also installed here, which is equipped with a thermometer. Depending on the set temperature, the thermometer interacts with a valve, which increases or decreases the flow of heated coolant into the general heating circuit.

After the coolant has transferred heat to the heating devices, it returns through the pipeline to the outlet manifold. Accordingly, after this the coolant rushes to the heating boiler, where it is again saturated with heat. Balancing elements are also installed on the input manifold. These elements regulate the amount of coolant that can pass through the collector. In general, these two collectors are responsible for proper heating of the room and optimal heating balance.

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

What pipe diameter should I choose?

Most often, when installing a beam system, 16-diameter pipes are enough. In rare cases, a larger diameter is used. Now we speak naturally about the diameter of the pipes from the collector.

How to do it in two storey building?

Many people wonder how to make a beam system in two-story house. We can make a beam system even in a skyscraper. The main thing is to use your own heating collector on each floor.

Is it possible to make a radiation system in an apartment?

Yes, you can. It is unlikely that this can be done directly from the thermal power plant. But if you have your own heating system or connect to a thermal power plant through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

Is it better to have a two-pipe system or a beam system?

Grade

Advantages

Why is a radiant heating system better than a sequential one? Here is a typical list of arguments of its supporters:

Minimum temperature spread between heating devices. They are powered from a common collector and are fed from one supply thread;
Ease of management. From the manifold cabinet you can change the temperature of any part of the heating system;

The manifold cabinet is the heating control unit for the entire house.

Independent temperature control of devices. If you cover or completely turn off any of them, this will not affect the operation of the remaining batteries;
Hidden liner routing. When laid in a screed or grooves, they will not spoil the design of the living space.

The heating connections will be hidden by the floor laid over the joists.

Flaws

First, a few critical comments on the properties of collector wiring that I mentioned among its advantages.

In a two-pipe series system, it is also possible to obtain the same temperature of the batteries. With dead-end wiring, it is achieved by balancing the system (that is, throttling the connections of the batteries closest to the boiler); with parallel wiring, the temperature on all heating devices will be the same without balancing;

Tichelman loop, or a two-pipe system with associated coolant movement. The temperature of all radiators is the same without balancing.

It is most convenient to control the air temperature in the room directly from it. If you need to go through the whole house to the collector cabinet in order to reduce the heating of the battery, this, you see, does not look like an advantage at all;
Independent temperature control of radiators is possible in any two-pipe system. With single-pipe wiring, this is also achievable: it is enough to connect the batteries not into the filling gap, but parallel to it.

Connecting a radiator parallel to the filling in a single-pipe Leningrad tank. Taps on the inlet allow you to reduce the heating of the battery without affecting the operation of other heating devices.

And the actual disadvantages:

Expensive. The total length of the heating connections in the case of radial pipe distribution will be several times greater than when the batteries are connected in series;
Difficult. Grooving walls or pouring screed with collector wiring is possible only at the stage of major renovation of a private house or apartment. Meanwhile, it is possible to sequentially separate the batteries even after finishing the final repairs: the only dirty work to be done is drilling the walls for bottling;

Heating with serial connection of radiators can be installed after finishing finishing.

Unreliable. The heating system requires a circulation pump to operate, which makes it energy-dependent. When circulation stops (for example, in the event of a long power outage), the water in the pipes will freeze. It is much more difficult to warm up connections hidden in the floor or walls than openly laid outlets.

Please note that when laying pipes in a screed, they cannot be completely dried out and defrost cannot be prevented. Each liner forms an upward-curved bracket in which water will constantly stand.

The line below the connection to the radiator is filled with water. It is impossible to drain it completely.

conclusions

In my opinion, radiant wiring is justified only in one case: if you are installing water-heated floors.

Arguments? At your service:

The length of one heated floor circuit cannot exceed 120 meters due to the high hydraulic resistance of the pipes, so in any case there will be several parallel circuits in the house;
It is most convenient to connect parallel circuits to the terminals of the distribution manifold. Alternative methods installation involves open laying of bottlings and open installation of chokes or thermal heads, which, as you understand, goes against aesthetics.

Water heated floor: collector wiring is completely justified.

A high-temperature radiator heating system is cheaper, easier and smarter to install in series.

Comparison with other heating wiring diagrams

Heating systems have been improved over the decades and the wiring diagram is no longer at all similar to their predecessors. In modern homes, we have long moved away from classic wood-burning stoves - to modern man automation is needed and there is no need for unnecessary worries with heating the house.

Single pipe system

In this type of wiring, one pipe is used, which goes sequentially to the heating radiators, from one to another and returns to the heating boiler. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Two-pipe system

Unlike a single-pipe system, in a two-pipe system the heating radiators are connected in parallel. A pipe with hot coolant goes to each heating radiator and a pipe with cooled liquid goes out. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Installation rules

How to properly perform beam wiring with your own hands?

Here are some basic rules.

As connections, you can use pipes of the minimum commercially available diameter (15 mm for corrugated stainless steel pipes and 16 mm for metal-plastic, polypropylene, PEX and PERT);

Table of correspondence between pipe diameter and thermal load on a section of the circuit. As you can see, a diameter of 15 mm is enough for any heating device.

All serviced connections must be accessible after installation, so they are brought outside the screed or groove;
To connect hoses to radiators, use American ones. Quick Connections will save you a lot of time and effort if the battery has to be removed for some reason;
Install throttles and/or ball valves on both manifolds (supply and return). Each circuit must turn off completely independently of the others. This instruction will help you not to be left without heating in the entire house in winter due to a leak in the only battery;
When installing radiator heating, lay the connections in thermal insulation (for example, in foamed polyethylene tubes). This way you will reduce unnecessary heat loss.

Heating connections are installed in foamed polyethylene tubes.

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply of coolant to radiators connected via radial wiring can be made automatically adjustable. In this case, instead of a plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), a small-sized electromechanical servo drive is installed on the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Radiators are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (ball valves can be installed).

Dimensions of the thermal valve servo drive.

Conclusion

Design and operating principle

One of the main elements of a collector heating system is a collector (comb, collector block), which distributes the coolant coming from the boiler over several circuits. The number of circuits corresponds to the number of taps on the collector, the number of taps on the collector, the number of radiators in the house.

The collector allows you to evenly distribute the coolant over each heating device, so that all radiators heat up to the same temperature. Uniform heating is ensured by the fact that each radiator has its own supply and return lines.

The design of the collector consists of several outlets and one input/output through which coolant flows/returns from/to the heat source. Often a distribution manifold, automatic air vent, flow meters and thermostats.

Is it worth doing manifold heating wiring?

Let's start with the shortcomings. They should definitely be taken into account when deciding on the type of heating pipe layout. The collector system is considered expensive due to its material consumption. In addition, you need to find a place to arrange cabinets, which can sometimes be difficult. If the costs and the need to allocate space for collectors are not a concern, then the homeowner receives the following benefits:

Stable operation of the heating system. The equipment is not exposed to water hammer, which increases the service life of radiators.
Simplified design. The system uses pipes of the same diameter, which eliminates unnecessary calculations.
Convenient repair. If damage appears in any area, this circuit is simply turned off and the problem is corrected. The remaining “rays” operate as before, and the house remains at an acceptable temperature.
Hidden installation. The pipes are located in floors, walls or ceilings, and the comb and automation are located in the manifold cabinet. Heating elements do not spoil the interior.

This is what the manifold pipe layout looks like

Whether to opt for beam wiring or prefer the good old tee wiring is up to you. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, calculate the costs of installing different types of systems and start designing. Warmth for your home!

Structure of a radiant heating system

Any heating system has in its structure a heat source (boiler, furnace, boiler), heating devices (radiators, convectors), pipes, shut-off and control valves and, in most cases, a circulation pump

The beam scheme also implies the use of the above elements, as well as important equipment that distinguishes it from others - the collector.

Many of the listed structural components are standard, so it is inappropriate to dwell on their description. Only those that have special requirements will be considered below.

Heat sources

As you know, this is the main unit of any home heating system, the choice of which should be approached reasonably. The beam circuit is structurally quite complex and, accordingly, requires powerful equipment.

When choosing a boiler power, you need to take into account that an extensive network of pipelines laid during radiant heating, as a rule, in the floor structure, causes slightly larger heat losses, which affect the efficiency of the system as a whole.

Heating manifold

The second most important element in such a heat supply system is collector. It is a device in the form of a short pipe with numerous pipes for connecting radiators. In the literature you can often find another name for it - comb.

Figure 2 – Heating manifold

The dimensions of the collector can be adjusted during operation, adding new sections as new heating devices are connected.

Its main function is the centralized distribution of coolant from the heat source to the heating devices. It also allows you to regulate the heating intensity of each of them, as well as turn off a separate circuit for repairs or planned replacement without affecting the operation of the system due to the installation of various types of shut-off and temperature control valves.

Radiant heating, as a two-pipe system, involves the use of two collectors: supply and outlet, usually installed in pairs. And to accommodate the entire unit, it is recommended to use a special cabinet, which will not only provide easy access to the equipment, but will also hide its unaesthetic appearance.

It should be noted that the use of collectors in the heating circuit makes it easy to modernize and allows it to be connected to the “ Smart House" Specially installed sensors provide an opportunity automatic regulation the degree of heating of the coolant depending on temperature fluctuations in the premises, as well as remote control of home heating.

Circulation pump

A radiant heating system, as a rule, involves forced circulation of the coolant, and therefore necessarily requires the installation of a pump.

When choosing a model circulation pump one should take into account not only its power, but also such a parameter as the speed of pumping water per unit of time.

Depending on the complexity of the circuit configuration, as well as the length of the pipelines, two devices may be required, mounted both on the supply and return.

Pipes

To organize a radial heat supply scheme, metal, metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes. When choosing a specific type, you should proceed not only from the cost of the products, but also from the complexity of installation and repair. In this regard, the plastic version has found the greatest use.

When purchasing pipes, it is necessary to take into account that their diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the inlets and outlets of the boiler and manifold. If necessary, adapters can be used.

Selecting a distribution manifold

It is also called a comb. It is necessary for supplying liquid to heated floors, radiators, convectors, etc. With its help, an outflow is carried out through the return circuit, from where the liquid is then sent to the boiler or mixed again in the circuit for temperature regulation. The collector can handle a maximum of twelve branches.

As a rule, combs have backup shut-off, regulating and temperature regulating elements. Using them, it is possible to adjust the rational flow of coolant throughout all heating circuits. The presence of deaerator can guarantee high-quality and stable operation of the system.

Quite a lot of time has passed since the time of the Russian stove, and although it is An ideal option for radiant heating at home, but at present, installing it in a city apartment is nonsense. But technology is also developing every day, so all heating systems, including radiant ones, installed both in private houses and apartments, are mostly the most modern and adapted to the needs of each person.

Heating systems are primarily divided according to how the pipes are routed from the collector to the radiators. These are several types of systems such as;

Single-pipe;
Two-pipe;
Radial;

The principle of radiant heating is that wiring from the collector, the main coolant distributor, is intended for each radiator separately. This is the most significant advantage in this system - radiators can be turned on and off, either individually or as a group.

Besides, The heat supply valve can be adjusted. For example, if the kitchen does not require such an amount of thermal radiation, due to the work household appliances, serving as an additional source of heat, then the valve can be screwed on. This can be done so that heat flows into the kitchen, but not in such quantities as into the rest of the rooms. The same can be done with those rooms that are not used for their intended purpose, but they should retain heat. By regulating the heat supply, the fuel economy, and due to this, the heat meter readings are also encouraging.

Features of beam distribution

All heating systems are produced with one purpose - to heat the room, that is, to restore the heat that is missing in the house due to the temperature difference inside and outside (outside).

There are only two options for combining all heating devices:

Tee connection.
Radial wiring of the heating system (collector connection). IN in this case A separate pair of pipes is supplied to each device using a manifold for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

The first option of the pipeline system is budget-friendly. However, due to the special connection of pipes and connection to one riser, if it is necessary to install a battery or separate area, the system will have to be turned off entirely and the liquid drained.

Of course, you can also buy shut-off valves, but installation will cost much more.

As a rule, the classic perimeter piping is open. Fan heating systems are mainly located in the walls or in the floor, because many pipes lying on the structure do not look very attractive in the interior.

A hidden type installation looks good in any room. After all, only the heating batteries remain visible.

A collector-radiant heating system is not cheap compared to a perimeter system design. However, the advantage of such installation is that the warm liquid will spread to all points at once and evenly warm the rooms.

Collector house heating system

Pros and cons of a collector heating system

You need to familiarize yourself with all the advantages and disadvantages of this heating system in advance.

Disadvantages of fan pipe routing:

There is only one compelling argument against it - the beam system has many elements in its design. Including pipes. In addition, it uses many connecting elements.
The large number of parts in this system can result in significant production costs. renovation work. A classic heating system costs less and is cheaper to repair.

It is required to take a very responsible approach to connecting all heating devices in a fan-shaped circuit, because errors can cause frequent breakdowns of the system as a whole.

Against the background of the advantages of the radial heating system, the disadvantages lose their weight. After all, in the shortest possible time, a high-quality installed system will definitely pay for its installation. In addition, it has many useful functions.

Advantages:

The fan system allows you to set up heating separately in each room. Thus, heat in the premises will be distributed more efficiently, and energy resources will be saved.
When installing a radiant heating system, you have access to pipe connections, and you can identify and fix problems in a timely manner.
Pipes of a classic heating system are quite difficult to hide. With fan distribution, the pipes are hidden in the walls or in the field. If the installation is high-quality and correct, then the elements will not be noticeable to the eye.

A correctly designed diagram of a radiant heating system makes it possible to rationally distribute heat throughout all areas of the house.

First of all, you need to correctly determine the diameters of pipelines, especially for highways; here you can’t do without hydraulic calculations. It’s a little easier with radial branches to the radiators; their size can be taken according to this principle:

for a battery with a power of up to 1.5 kW, a pipe is 16 x 2 mm;
for radiators with power over 1.5 kW, pipe 20 x 2 mm.

When wiring in the floor, all connections must be insulated, otherwise you will heat the screed areas and the radiators will be cold. Do not throw the pipes at random, arguing that they will still be filled with solution and the mess will not be visible. This is a mistake, the branches need to be laid carefully, distributing them in pairs, and at the end only noticeable marks should be made for you in the places where the pipes lie. Subsequently, this will help to quickly find them in the event of an accident.

Do the installation yourself in one-story house relatively simple. Choose the optimal location for the cabinet with the collector (ideally in a wall niche), measure the distances and purchase pipes, install radiators. There is no need to install balancing valves anywhere, only ball valves on batteries. By the way, if possible, vertical sections of pipes coming out of the floor can be hidden in the walls. Then the connections to the heating devices will be completely invisible.

Advice. Do not use polypropylene pipes in such networks. They do not bend and have a large linear elongation. And it’s illogical to use cheap materials in an expensive system; it’s better to take metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.

In a house with two or more floors, it is necessary to install shut-off and control valves on each branch from the riser. A ball valve is installed on the supply pipeline, and a balancing valve is installed on the return pipeline. This will allow the entire system to be balanced hydraulically, as well as cut off the floors from heating if necessary.

Modern heating systems

The main design feature of the scheme, in this case, is the presence of one or several vertical risers with branches for arranging heating for each individual room.

The pipeline connection to the radiators is carried out horizontally.

Currently, both open and hidden pipeline laying is practiced, but the second option is the most preferable:

branched dead-end heating system it is assumed that the minimum length of pipes and hydraulic resistance will be leveled by mutually crossing the pipeline, which becomes the main reason for increasing the thickness of the screed;
in perimeter wiring heating system, it is planned to lay the pipeline along the walls around the perimeter of the entire room, and it is also possible to carry out hidden installation in the floor structure;
collector circuit provides for the implementation parallel connection of all heating devices on the supply and return pipelines.

It is the latter method that is optimal for arranging a combined type of heating, that is, a combination of traditional radiator heating with a “warm floor” system.

The most budget-friendly and easiest-to-implement option is the traditional single-pipe system, in which all heating devices are sequentially filled with coolant, which does not guarantee uniform heat distribution.

Types of radiator connections

The main methods of connecting heating system devices are several types:

Lateral (standard) connection;
Diagonal connection;
Bottom (saddle) connection.

Side connection

Lateral radiator connection.

Connection from the end of the device - supply and return are located on one side of the radiator. This is the most common and effective method connection, it allows you to remove maximum amount heat and fully utilize the heat dissipation from the radiator. As a rule, the supply is at the top and the return is at the bottom. When using a special headset, it is possible to connect from bottom to bottom, this allows you to hide the pipelines as much as possible, but reduces the heat transfer of the radiator by 20 - 30%.

Diagonal connection

Diagonal radiator connection.

Connection diagonally to the radiator - the supply is on one side of the device from the top, the return is on the other side from the bottom. This type of connection is used in cases where the length of a sectional radiator exceeds 12 sections, and a panel radiator is 1200 mm. When installing long radiators with side connections, there is uneven heating of the radiator surface in the part furthest from the pipelines. To ensure that the radiator heats up evenly, a diagonal connection is used.

Bottom connection

Bottom connection from the ends of the radiator

Connection from the bottom of the device - supply and return are located at the bottom of the radiator. This connection is used for the most hidden installation of pipelines. When installing a sectional heating device and connecting it using the bottom method, the supply pipe approaches on one side of the radiator, and the return pipe on the other side of the bottom pipe. However, the heat transfer efficiency of radiators with this scheme is reduced by 15-20%.

Bottom radiator connection.

In the case when the bottom connection is used for a steel panel radiator, then all the pipes on the radiator are located at the bottom end. The design of the radiator itself is made in such a way that the supply flows through the manifold first to the upper part, and then the return flow is collected in the lower radiator manifold, thereby not reducing the heat transfer of the radiator.

Bottom connection in a single-pipe heating circuit.

Radiant system with heated floor

As many may have noticed, a radiant heating system is installed on the same principle as a water heated floor. In theory, you can connect a warm floor to radiators through one comb. This method will be especially in demand by those who want to install heated floors in some rooms and radiators in others.

If you make a beam system together with warm floors, it will work. But keep in mind that heated floors are a low-temperature system, and radiators are a high-temperature system.

If you don’t think about adjusting the temperature, then in one case with heated floors in the room you will be hot, in another case with radiators it will be cold. Keep this in mind.

There is another positive side property of the collector heating system. Namely, a comfortable heated floor. The fact is that when radiant heating systems are installed, the distributor is mounted closer to the risers or the center of the room. In this case, pipelines from the distributor to the radiator in 99 percent of cases pass through corridors and enter rooms through doorways.

Yes, the pipes in this case are insulated with pipe insulation in one layer. But many installers know that 6-9 mm thick insulation allows up to 30 percent of heat to pass through.

That is why, where the pipes of the radiant heating system of the house pass, the floors are not cold, but comfortably warm. With one heating system we catch two birds with one stone. We get reliable system heating without joints in building structures and comfortable heated floors.

Significant advantages of beam distribution

The main task of the heating system is to replace the heat that the building loses due to differences between the internal and external air temperatures, as well as due to the varying degrees of thermal conductivity of the external walls.

In practice, you can connect all heating devices together using the following methods:

tee connection;
radial(collector) connection, when to each heating device Using a manifold, a separate pair of pipes is supplied for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

The tee or perimeter type of pipe connection is cheaper. But due to the fact that the devices are connected to each other and connected by a pipeline to a single riser, the system will need to be completely disconnected and freed from coolant to repair a separate radiator or section. Or equip it with bypasses and shut-off valves, which will significantly increase the cost of organizing heating.

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An undeniable argument in favor of installing a radiant heating system is its efficiency, which is much higher than circuits with tee wiring.

The radiant type of heating is distributed across floors. Mainly installed with bottom connections to devices

The construction of heating systems using the radiant principle became possible thanks to the development and implementation of metal-plastic and polypropylene reinforced pipes

Pipes are supplied to each heating device in the form of rays emanating from the distribution comb - the collector

The parallel principle of connecting devices to the pipeline ensures almost equal temperatures in them. The difference between the supply and return temperatures is also minimal, which significantly reduces the load on the system

IN collector system there may be only one ring connected to the comb, or several secondary rings into which the coolant is supplied through the primary ring

For normal operation, the system is equipped with at least one circulation pump, although it is recommended to install them on each of the rings. An air vent, a pressure gauge and a pressure safety valve are installed

Significant advantage of the beam system

Floor diagram of the device

Use of flexible polymer pipes

Option for connecting pipes to the radiator

Technical advantages beam version

Principle of primary and secondary rings

Technical equipment of beam distribution

Manifold in a dedicated cabinet

With traditional perimeter wiring, the entire pipeline is most often installed open method, less often hidden. Radiant heating systems are mainly installed in walls or floors, because... a large number of pipes laid on top of structures negatively affects the interior.

Concealed installation is carried out by a system of underfloor heating pipes, which, in accordance with the technological specifics, is arranged according to a radial scheme. The radial pipeline to the heating devices is also laid in a hidden way in the floor screed, because this is better for technological and architectural reasons.

Assembling a pipeline using a radial scheme will cost significantly more than installing a system using a perimeter method. However, due to the specifics of such wiring, the heated coolant is supplied to all points simultaneously

A large number of pipes when using the beam method of pipeline assembly can ruin the interior. Therefore, all heating communications are laid in the floor or walls. All connections remain on the surface, so there is virtually no risk of leakage under the screed. This cannot be done with a tee system, because If the connections wear out, you will have to break the walls and floor.

In order to reduce pipe consumption, pipelines assembled according to a radial scheme are laid not along the perimeter, but along the shortest paths - from the collector to the device

The main disadvantage of collector wiring is its high material consumption, which is due to its large length. And the main advantage is that you can set different temperatures in each room, creating a comfortable microclimate in any room.

Each radiator or convector is connected independently, which is also convenient for carrying out maintenance work and replacing worn-out system elements without having to turn off the heating in the entire house or apartment.

Hidden installation allows you to significantly improve the visual appearance of any room, leaving only the heating radiators visible

Selection of circulation pump

Radial piping is usually used in horizontal systems with bottom supply of coolant. It requires a pump that stimulates the circulation of warm liquid throughout all branches.

Circulation pump equalizes the temperature readings at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit. Thus, the quality of heating increases. The system becomes more compact and less material-intensive.

The pump is selected based on performance as well as pressure height.

To correctly select a circulation device in connection with these characteristics, it is necessary to know the diameter of the pipes, their length and distance from the pump itself. These indicators need to be calculated already at the project preparation stage.

How to install a pump

To achieve maximum efficiency And high-quality heating The following must be taken into account:

Glandless rotor pumps are mounted so that the shaft is horizontal.
The equipment is usually placed on the return line of the pipeline system, since the temperatures there are lower. Newer devices can also be installed on the supply circuit; they are not afraid of high temperatures.
It should be as close as possible to the expansion tank.
The pump with the thermostat must be kept away from hot objects.
The heating circuit must be equipped with a deaeration device. If it is not available, the circulation pump is purchased with air vent.
To remove solids before installation, experts advise flushing the system.
Before starting the pump, it is worth filling the system with coolant.

To avoid noise, it is worth selecting circulation equipment based on the performance of the heating system.

Many people are interested in the question of whether it is possible to do without a pump, sensors and air vents. The answer is yes. However, it will be necessary to organize certain conditions, because the circulation of the coolant will be natural.

A small cottage or other small object may be optimally suited for a system with natural circulation of liquid. However, no matter what heating system option is chosen, everything should be thought through at the design stage.

About the species circulation pumps can be read in.

Radial diagram of the heating system, features of application in a two-story house

The heating circuit with a distributor (this is radiant) is very convenient and effectively suitable for installation in a two-story house. The thing is that this heating system for a private two-story house involves an individual supply of coolant from the distributor to various heating devices.

One- and two-pipe heating systems

Thanks to the design features, as well as thoughtfulness, the rooms in the house (including those on the second floor) heat up much faster than when using a more affordable single-pipe heating system. And aesthetically, this heating scheme is very good, because the hot coolant supply and return lines can be hidden under the floor covering.

The main (but not the only) advantage of the radiant heating scheme is the absence of multiple connections on the pipes (this also helps to simplify installation work). Also, such a system assumes the most uniform distribution of heat throughout the entire line, without losses and other troubles.

Radiant heating systems with natural and forced circulation

As a rule, the Leningradka heating system in a two-story house is not preferable today, since it does not allow achieving maximum heating and saving rates.

It is being replaced by a double-circuit radiant system, which can be installed with both natural and forced circulation of the coolant along the main line.

It should be noted that both of these methods have their own characteristics, which are important to consider before starting installation yourself.

Radiant heating system

Natural circulation (gravity heating system) is not used as widely today as it was 10-15 years ago. The decline in popularity is due to the fact that the instructions for such systems imply the use of large-diameter pipes, which is not always possible.

A two-pipe heating system with natural circulation must also be equipped with an expansion tank, which acts as a compensator for the expansion of the coolant. Installation of such equipment is carried out at the highest point of the house and, at times, this is quite inconvenient.

But, be that as it may, it is the natural circulation in the two-pipe heating system of a two-story house that allows you to save money. Such a dual-circuit system does not require the installation of additional equipment, in particular, expensive pumps.

Natural circulation heating system

Advice: If the property is used, for example, as a summer house or it is some kind of long-term construction where there is no electricity, then natural circulation in the heating system will be the most appropriate solution.
Even without automation and additional pumping of coolant, the house will always be quite warm and cozy.

Forced circulation systems have become widespread today. Just 5-10 years ago, such a heating option was not approved by consumers due to its high cost.
Today, when the price of automation and equipment has decreased, everyone can afford two-pipe heating systems with forced circulation.

The main advantage and feature of forced circulation is the artificial “pushing” of the coolant through the pipes. This process is carried out using special equipment - a pump - installed in the supply or return line.

It should be noted (and this can be seen in many photos and videos on the network) that two-pipe heating systems for two-story country houses with forced circulation are not at all demanding on the geometry of the house, the length of branches and the hydraulic resistance of pipelines. Automation also helps maintain optimal temperature in the premises of the house.

Forced circulation heating system

Pipe selection

Pipes should be made of a sufficiently flexible material - this will help avoid joints. The best option for a private home is cross-linked polyethylene.
Since the pipeline should not have joints (or their number should be kept to a minimum), therefore, again, the best choice is polyethylene pipes, which are offered in coils. It is undesirable to have joints for the following reason: any connection is the weakest point in the system, and since the pipes are in a screed, their rupture will cause many problems.
Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene must have an air-tight layer. If this condition is violated and oxygen molecules penetrate through the polyethylene into the coolant, the development of corrosion on the surface is inevitable. metal elements systems - batteries and heat exchanger.
If we are talking about apartment buildings, optimal choice pipes will become from of stainless steel, since they are able to withstand extreme loads that often arise during the operation of networks. In addition, stainless steel is resistant to corrosion.
When implementing a beam scheme, pipes of relatively small diameter are used (compared to the supply pipe). The diameter of the pipes usually ranges between 24 and 32 millimeters.
To ensure the pipeline is protected from mechanical stress, it is laid in a cement screed. In this case, the screed must be done very carefully so as not to crush the line.
Apply decorative coating on the floor only after the cement screed has been checked for leaks.

Radiant wiring and heated floors

The radial scheme can also be used to install a “warm” floor system. With a well-designed project, taking into account all factors, you can abandon radiators, making the heated floor the main source of heating.

Heat flows will be evenly distributed throughout the room, without creating a convection effect, unlike radiators. As a result, there is no circulation of dust in the air

Before you take on the idea of installing water-heated floors, it is important to consider the following features:

on concrete or wooden base a reflective screen with a layer of thermal insulation is laid;
pipes are laid on top in a loop-like pattern;
Before pouring concrete, a hydraulic pressure test of the system is carried out throughout the day;
The finishing layer is screed or flooring.

The manifold of each circuit must be equipped with flow meters and thermostatic valves, which allow precise control of coolant flow and regulation of its temperature.

When routing pipes, you can use thermostatic heads and servos. These devices allow you to automate the operation of a heated floor. The system will respond to changes in room temperature, adjusting a comfortable mode for each room.

Radiant wiring for underfloor heating requires equipping the collector with several components that allow you to control, automate and manage underfloor heating to achieve maximum comfort and energy efficiency

During installation, it is extremely important to properly fix the pipes before filling everything with screed. To do this, you can use insulation with grooves, reinforcing mesh or staples. Before laying the pipeline, it is necessary to clearly define the route that the coolant will travel to heat the floor (do not allow pipes to cross). It is best to cut the pipe only after it has been completely laid and connected to the return and supply manifolds.

It is important that the pipeline is under pressure when filling. Until the concrete mixture hardens completely and three weeks have passed, coolant cannot be supplied at operating temperature. Only then we start with 25ºС and after 4 days we end with the design temperature.

Installation features

Any radiant home heating system is developed and installed individually, depending on the area of the house, the number of rooms, the selected coolant and radiators, as well as other conditions.

However, there are generally accepted instructions that every installer follows.

First of all, it should be noted that radial pipe distribution is never done in city apartments. This is due to the fact that the coolant supply in high-rise buildings is carried out through vertical risers connecting all apartments - from the first floor to the last.

It is impossible to install a collector in an apartment, since the upper floors will remain without heating

As a result of connecting powerful collectors, hot water will not reach the rooms located above, which will disrupt the operation of the heating network. Residents will complain to the service organization, which, sooner or later, will force you to dismantle the collectors and return to the tee heating system.

Note!
The above does not apply to cases where an autonomous boiler is used to heat the apartment.
It independently heats up the coolant, which will be enough to meet the needs of the home without affecting the interests of the neighbors. . When installing radiant heating in a private home, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

When installing radiant heating in a private home, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

Valves must be installed on the collectors supplying and discharging water to the batteries to prevent the formation of air pockets. During operation, all air remaining in the system will escape through them to the outside.

Valves must be installed on the return pipelines to bleed air.

The heating circuit must be equipped with an expansion tank, the volume of which is 10% of the amount of coolant circulating through the pipes. It is advisable to buy closed membrane containers.
It is advisable to mount the tank on a pipeline that connects the outlet manifold to the boiler. This is due to the fact that the sealed expansion tank does not like turbulent water flows, and they are least likely to appear on the return line.

On the picture - expansion tank membrane type for heating system

In contrast, the installation location of circulation pumps is not so important. But it is advisable to connect them to a pipe that removes the cooled coolant. In this case, the equipment will work longer.
During installation, you need to ensure that the shafts of electric pumps are positioned strictly horizontally. Otherwise, due to distortions, the bearings will quickly fail, and you will have to replace or repair the equipment.

Single-pipe heating system diagram

Single-pipe heating system: vertical and horizontal distribution.

In a single-pipe heating system, the supply of hot coolant (supply) to the radiator and the removal of cooled coolant (return) are carried out through one pipe. All devices relative to the direction of movement of the coolant are connected to each other in series. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet of each subsequent radiator along the riser is significantly reduced after heat is removed from the previous radiator. Accordingly, the heat transfer of radiators decreases with distance from the first device.

Such schemes are used mainly in old central heating systems of multi-storey buildings and in autonomous gravity-type systems (natural coolant circulation) in private residential buildings. The main defining disadvantage of a single-pipe system is the impossibility of independently adjusting the heat transfer of each radiator separately.

To eliminate this drawback, it is possible to use a single-pipe circuit with a bypass (a jumper between the supply and return), but in this circuit, the first radiator on the branch will always be the hottest, and the last the coldest.

Multi-storey buildings use a vertical single-pipe heating system.

In multi-storey buildings, the use of such a scheme allows saving on the length and cost of supply networks. As a rule, the heating system is made in the form of vertical risers passing through all floors of the building. The heat output of radiators is calculated during system design and cannot be adjusted using radiator valves or other control fittings. Given modern requirements for comfortable indoor conditions, this scheme for connecting water heating devices does not satisfy the requirements of residents of apartments located on different floors, but connected to the same heating system riser. Heat consumers are forced to “endure” overheating or underheating of air temperature during the transitional autumn and spring period.

Single-pipe heating in a private house.

In private houses, a single-pipe scheme is used in gravity heating networks, in which hot water circulates due to the differential densities of heated and cooled coolants. Therefore, such systems are called natural. The main advantage of this system is energy independence. When, for example, in the absence of a circulation pump in the system connected to the power supply networks and in the event of power outages, the heating system continues to function.

The main disadvantage of the gravity single-pipe connection scheme is the uneven distribution of coolant temperature across the radiators. The first radiators on the branch will be the hottest, and as you move away from the heat source, the temperature will drop. The metal consumption of gravity systems is always higher than that of forced ones due to the larger diameter of the pipelines.

Video about the installation of a single-pipe heating circuit in an apartment building:

Heating circulation methods

The heating system can have several types of coolant circulation. These include:

Forced circulation method;

With the natural circulation type, the coolant is spontaneously distributed through convection throughout all elements of the heating system. To ensure the best circulation in a natural way, large diameter pipes are used in the heating system. The natural method of coolant circulation, due to its lower efficiency, has some limitations on the area of the heated room. Typically this method is used in small private homes.

The forced circulation method has long proven itself very well. Today on the market you can find a huge number of circulation pumps that are very compact and very efficient. These pumps have a fairly long service life

When installing a radiant system, it is important to correctly adjust the coolant circulation speed. The pump can be installed on both the supply and return

Using a circulation pump, you can supply coolant to a fairly decent height. When selecting a pump, this parameter must also be taken into account.

Today, forced circulation, due to its undeniable advantages, is undoubtedly the most popular method of transferring coolant. The advantages also include the very affordable cost of circulation pumps.

How to make fan wiring

The collector is the most important element of the system under consideration. When it is planned to organize a fan heating system in a two-story house, the collector must be installed on all floors. The collectors are hidden in a special cabinet. In the future, they will be easy to maintain or adjust if necessary.

The number of connections is kept to a minimum, which has a good effect on the hydraulic stability of the entire heating system.

The boiler is the heart of the entire system. In order for the efficiency to always strive for the maximum indicator, it is necessary to take into account the power of the boiler equipment, the heat energy consumption of heating devices and the heat losses of the system

This applies to all boilers, no matter what type of fuel they use.

Some heat may be lost if the pipeline system is long, which must also be remembered.

Combined heating piping layout

Scheme of combined heating system wiring.

Such a system is calculated as a beam system. Branches that supply several radiators with coolant are subject to a separate calculation as dead-end or passing. In modern systems, radiators are equipped with thermal valves (temperature regulators), which can be adjusted by users to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. It becomes difficult to maintain temperature stability in the room.

It turns out that you can get rid of instability while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting radiators by connecting them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

“Walk-through” radiator connection diagram.

Elements

Basic

What mandatory elements does a radiant heating circuit include?

Image	Heating system element
	Supply and return bottlings. They connect the heat source (boiler, heat pump, central heating riser, etc.) to the collectors.
	Supply and return manifolds. They connect to the heating outlets. Each collector outlet is equipped with shut-off and throttling valves - a ball valve, a throttle or a thermal head. The fittings make it possible to independently switch off and adjust each individual device.
	Eyeliners. Each radiator or convector is connected to the collector by its own pair of pipes. As a rule, the liners are laid in the screed, under the flooring or in grooves.
	Air balloon(Maevsky tap or regular water tap). It is placed in the top plug of each radiator. The heating device is mounted above the supply line and will be aired out when the circuit is reset.
	Circulation pump, creating hydraulic pressure in the heating circuit and encouraging coolant circulation. Thin and long lines have high hydraulic resistance and are unable to work with natural circulation. Typically the pump is installed on the heating return flow, between the collector and the heat source.

Additional

A home heating system with two heating circuits with different operating temperatures (warm floors and radiators) additionally includes:

Hydroshooter. It is a bypass pipe between the supply and return, which allows you to synchronize the operation of several circuits and minimize their influence on each other;

The hydraulic arrow synchronizes several heating circuits with different operating modes.

Three way thermostatic mixer, limiting the flow of hot water from the high-temperature circuit to the low-temperature circuit.

Heated floor mixing unit with a three-way thermostatic valve (top left).

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

The organization of the radiant heating scheme predetermined a number of its benefits, among which it should be noted:

reliable operation - the system eliminates the possibility of water hammer; there's not much in it weak points, since the number of pipeline connections from the collector to the radiator is reduced to a minimum, or they are completely absent;
independence from the configuration and size of the building (flexibility) - it allows for efficient heating of a house of any layout and number of floors;
balance - all heating devices heat up evenly;
the ability to regulate, including automated, temperature in each room;
ease of repair and preventative work– replacement of damaged areas does not require opening the floor covering; to carry out such activities, the required circuit (beam) is turned off without affecting the functionality of the system;
the ability to modify the system at any stage of creation and operation;
aesthetic appearance - pipelines are usually laid in the floor structure, and collectors are installed in special cabinets or niches.

Despite its high efficiency, the radiant heating circuit has several shortcomings:

high material consumption and, accordingly, price - due to the significant total length of pipelines, as well as the need to purchase a large number of connecting elements, control valves, manifolds, pumps, sensors, etc.;
the need for competent and high-quality installation to avoid problems in the future.

Analysis of all the pros and cons of doing or not doing

When preparing an estimate and a heating installation project, you need to weigh all the pros and cons of the radiant system. Its disadvantages are well known to everyone who is even slightly interested in individual construction:

material consumption and, accordingly, higher cost compared to tee wiring;
the need to allocate space for a collector block or a special cabinet.

Some principles of operation of this type of wiring can be seen in the video:

And, as for the advantages, everyone knows that they exist, but it’s difficult to name them specifically. Most often you can hear that beam wiring is simply better and that’s it. But it gives a lot of opportunities and advantages:

simplicity of design and installation: pipes of the same diameter are used from the distribution manifold to the radiators;
when pipes are laid hidden in the floor, there are no connections;
ease of installation due to a small number of connecting elements;
hydraulic stability of the beam system. This is especially important for those who use plumbing fixtures, mostly imported, whose operating pressure is three atmospheres;
the system is balanced, all rooms are heated evenly;
a damaged pipe fragment can be replaced without opening the floor;
turning off only one radiator with supply and return lines (the rest of the radiators are working);
the ability to adjust the temperature in each individual room mechanically or electronically;
possibility of installing control and shut-off valves (flow and temperature sensors, air vents, shut-off valves and thermal heads).

Read about ways to regulate temperature in heating systems in our following material: https://aqua-rmnt.com/otoplenie/radiatory/regulirovka-temperatury.html.

The beam system is effective not only due to its flexibility, but also due to the possibility of installing modern automation. Using the external control panel and communication contact, you can automatically change the temperature according to weather conditions. And sensors in rooms allow you to set individual parameters convenient for residents.

What's the outcome

An insignificant disadvantage of the beam system is that it requires space to install the collector. But in truth it is not always present. Plus, it is advisable to install the collector in the middle of the house.

If we consider these two systems in terms of efficiency and economy, then they have absolute parity. Both systems do their job remarkably well.

It’s just that if you have a limited budget, then you should look towards a two-pipe system. If desired, you can also use polypropylene. The beam system will add some convenience and peace of mind to you, that if something happens, nothing will leak under the screed.

It is important to understand the main thing. In both cases, your choice will be absolutely correct! .

Both in private and apartment buildings, various methods of routing pipes in the heating system are used. The radiant heating system, which supplies hot coolant to each radiator and removes cooled coolant from it with a separate pair of pipes, is gaining increasing popularity. Despite the high cost of materials and installation, it provides greater efficiency in heating the home.

A radiant heating system for a private house is much more complex than a sequential, or so-called tee heating system. In it, a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each radiator on the floor - for the hot coolant and for its return. In principle, it resembles the human circulatory system with its arteries for oxygenated blood and veins for collecting return blood flow. Each organ or part of the body has both arteries and veins. An analogue of the heart, pumping blood through the veins and arteries, is a circulation pump.

It drives hot liquid from the boiler to the radiators through the hot collector, and it flows back to the collector by gravity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Radial wiring of the heating system has the following advantages over tee wiring:

supply of coolant to all radiators at the same temperature;
rapid circulation of the coolant allows you to warm up the entire house faster;
opportunity Maintenance and repairing one radiator while maintaining the functionality of all others;
the ability to set a separate temperature regime for each room and quickly manage this regime;
the absence of hidden connections reduces the risk of leaks under the floor or in the walls;
hidden installation of pipes improves the aesthetic impression made by the interiors;
convenience and speed of system installation.

This wiring scheme also has disadvantages:

high cost of materials and equipment;
the total length of the pipes is several times higher than with a tee scheme;
required additional area(or a separate room) to accommodate collectors on each floor.

In general, the higher cost of materials and installation is quickly paid off by savings and ease of use.

Main design elements

The most important component of beam distribution are collectors. When designing a radiant heating system for a two-story (or multi-story) house, a collector cabinet will need to be placed on each floor. Manifolds and control valves (manual or automated) are mounted in cabinets, where they are easily accessible during operation and periodic or emergency maintenance.

The small number of connections compared to tee wiring ensures greater hydrodynamic stability of the entire heating system.

The second component is a circulation pump; it creates pressure in the system to supply heated coolant through pipes to the radiators and collect the return.

Selection and installation of a circular pump

For a radiant heating system, the option most often chosen is the bottom supply of hot liquid to the radiators. To ensure its forced circulation, a circulation pump is used. Its power should be enough to provide pressure that allows the coolant to reach the most distant heat exchangers, including heated floors.

Forced circulation accelerates the circulation of coolant through the rings of the system. This allows you to reduce the difference between the incoming and outgoing temperatures of the heating circuit. This increase in heating efficiency allows you to either reduce the boiler power or have a larger power reserve in case of extreme weather.

When selecting a device, two main parameters are taken into account that determine its power and speed:

productivity, cubic meters per hour;
pressure, in meters;
noise level.

For correct selection, you will need to take into account the diameter and total length of the distribution pipes, the maximum height difference in relation to the installation height of the pump. When carrying out engineering and plumbing calculations, special tables offered by manufacturers are used.

devices with a wet rotor are mounted so that the shaft is positioned horizontally;
devices with a built-in thermostat are mounted closer than 70 cm from the heating boiler to avoid erroneous operations;
the circulation pump is mounted on the return section of the pipeline system, since its temperature is lower and the device will last longer;
modern heat-resistant pumps can also be placed on the supply line;
the heating circuit should be equipped with a device for releasing air pockets; it can be replaced by a pump with a built-in air valve;
the device should be placed as close as possible to the expansion tank;
Before installing the pump, the system is flushed from mechanical contaminants.

If the electrical parameters at the installation site are not stable, it is recommended to connect the pump and boiler control system through a voltage stabilizer of sufficient power. If there are frequent power outages, an uninterruptible power supply device should be provided - either battery-powered or with an automatically started electric generator.

Often when optimizing the cost of a system, there is a temptation to do without a circulation pump. This option is, in principle, acceptable for one-story buildings of a small area. This will reduce heating efficiency. When using natural circulation, larger cross-section pipes should be used. In addition, the expansion tank should be placed at the highest point of the building

Selection and role of the distribution manifold

This most important element of the system distributes the flow of hot coolant supplied by the boiler into separate distribution lines. The second collector collects the liquid that has given up its heat and returns it to the heat exchanger for subsequent heating. The return valve can bypass part of the return flow into the main circuit if it is necessary to lower the temperature of the coolant without changing the operating mode of the boiler.

Collectors are available on the market that support from 2 to 18 beams. The manifolds are equipped with shut-off or control valves, or automatic thermostatic valves. With their help, the required temperature regime is set for each beam.

Beam wiring diagram

Pipelines are usually placed in a cement screed made according to subfloor. One end is connected to the corresponding collector, the second is brought out from the floor under the corresponding radiator. The finished floor is laid on top of the screed. When installing a radiant heating system in an apartment building, a vertical line is installed in the channel. Each floor has its own pair of collectors. In some cases, if the pump pressure is sufficient and top floor there are few consumers; they are connected directly to the collectors of the first floor.

To effectively deal with traffic jams, air valves are placed on the manifold and at the end of each beam.

Preparatory work

During preparation for installation, the following work is performed:

establish the location of radiators and other heat consumers (warm floors, heated towel rails, etc.);
perform a thermal calculation of each room, taking into account its area, ceiling height, number and area of windows and doors;
select a radiator model taking into account the results of thermal calculations, type of coolant, pressure in the system, calculate the height and number of sections;
make a routing of forward and return pipelines from the collector to the radiators, taking into account the location of doorways, building structures and other elements.

There are two types of tracing:

rectangular-perpendicular, pipes are laid parallel to the walls;
free, the pipes are laid along the shortest route between the door and the radiator.

The first type has a beautiful, aesthetic appearance, but requires a noticeably higher pipe flow. All this beauty will be covered with a finished floor and floor covering. Therefore, owners often choose free tracing.

For pipe routing it is convenient to use free computer programs, they will help you perform the routing, allow you to accurately determine the length of the pipes and draw up a statement for the purchase of fittings.

System installation

Laying a radiant system on a subfloor will require a number of measures aimed at reducing transport heat losses and preventing freezing if water was chosen as the coolant.

Between the rough and finished floors, a distance should be provided that is sufficient for thermal insulation.

If the subfloor is a concrete floor (or foundation slab), then a layer of heat-insulating material will need to be laid on it.

For beam tracing, metal-plastic or polyethylene pipes with sufficient flexibility are used. For radiators with a thermal power of up to 1500 watts, 16 mm pipes are used; for more powerful ones, the diameter is increased to 20 mm.

They are laid in corrugated sleeves, which provide additional thermal insulation and the necessary space for thermal deformations. After a meter and a half, the sleeve is attached with ties or clamps to the subfloor to prevent it from moving during execution. cement screed.

Next, the layer is mounted thermal insulation material at least 5 cm thick, made of dense basalt wool, penoplex or expanded polystyrene. This layer also needs to be fixed to the subfloor using disc dowels. Now you can pour the screed. If the wiring is done on the second floor or higher, it is not necessary to install thermal insulation.

It is important to remember that there should be no joints left under the poured floor.

If there are few consumers on the second, attic floor, and the pressure created by the circulation pump is sufficient, then a circuit with one pair of collectors is often used. Pipes from collectors on the first floor extend pipes to consumers on the second floor. The pipes are collected into a bundle and carried through a vertical channel to the second floor, where they are bent at right angles and lead to the consumer locations.

It is important to remember that when bending, you must observe the minimum bend radius for a given tube diameter. It can be viewed on the manufacturer’s website, but for bending it is better to use a manual pipe bender.

At the exit point of the vertical channel, sufficient space must be provided to accommodate the rounded section.

Radial system and heated floor

Beam tracing goes well with underfloor heating systems. With a high-quality calculation of thermal parameters, it is possible to completely abandon heating radiators and heat the house only through heated floors installed in each room. In this case, convection air currents will be much less intense, which will lead to less spread of dust than with radiator heating.

When designing heated floors, the following recommendations should be observed:

a layer of thermal insulation with a reflective layer of metal foil or coated Mylar film is installed on the subfloor;
pipes are installed according to a radial pattern;
radiators are connected and the system is tested under operating pressure for at least 24 hours;
if there are no leaks anywhere, you can pour the screed and install the finished floor and floor covering.

If you equip the collector with a flow meter and thermostatic fittings, you can accurately take into account the flow of coolant, as well as adjust the temperature regime in each room. Many owners go further and install motorized valves with remote control. They are connected to a computerized control system equipped with temperature sensors in each room. The system can regulate the supply of coolant to each beam depending on weather conditions, wind direction and other conditions. This ensures temperature stability and unique comfort.

Pipes and layer thermal insulation material must be securely fastened before pouring the cement screed. When routing, it is important to ensure that the pipes do not cross one another. The pipe must be laid from a coil and cut off after it is connected to the direct and return manifold.

When pouring the screed, the system must be under pressure. Until the screed has completely hardened (up to 21 days), you should not increase the temperature of the coolant above room temperature. Otherwise, multiple microdeformations of the screed and damage to the pipe material are possible. The temperature should be increased to operating temperature gradually, allowing the screed material to warm up. Usually it takes 4-5 days for the temperature to rise.

Features of installation of the system for wooden houses

When installing a radial heating system in a wooden ceiling, there are some peculiarities. The pipes must cross the floor joists or subfloor joists. To do this, holes are drilled in them that exceed the outer diameter of the pipe by 2-3 mm. This will avoid temperature deformations. The pipes should be routed so that the finished floor structures do not put pressure on the pipes.

The pipes should be fixed to the subfloor structures. A layer of vapor barrier is laid on the subfloor, then a layer of thermal insulation material with a foil reflective layer. As with installation on concrete base, all fittings and connecting fittings must be placed above the level of the finished floor and floor covering.

The radiant heating system is gaining increasing popularity among owners of houses under construction or reconstruction. Despite the high costs of purchasing materials and installation, it allows you to save on operating costs. In addition, this scheme allows you to individually regulate the thermal regime in each heated room.

System.

Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will be required to use pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees with which heating devices are connected become larger. The cost of such an element is comparable to the cost of the pipe.

When collector-

Scheme.

flexible;
elastic;
heat resistant.

Manifold boxes and blocks

plastic;
nickel plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel

The supply to heating devices connected via manifold wiring can be created automatically regulated. In this case, on the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), instead of the plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), a small electromechanical servo drive is installed, connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Heating devices are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (valves with a spherical shut-off element can be installed).

Conclusion

Publications on the topic:

Methods for filling closed heating systems. Standard errors allowed when performing this operation. Tips for choosing a size.

Heating system Leningradka with forced circulation: important points. "Tying" of the heating device when single-pipe heating, specifics.

Many owners are thinking about how to implement an alternative heat supply for a private home. real estate. Home heating systems are a plus.

Radial heat distribution system

Manifold heating distribution

Excellent conditions in the house or on summer cottage are determined not only by the presence of a boiler. All heating elements become important. People are increasingly refusing the tee system, because it is very slow and uncomfortable. With its help, you cannot change the temperature and make repairs without creating inconvenience. Collector heating distribution, on the contrary, is gaining great popularity. Previously, it involved excessive costs, and because of this, few people wanted to buy it.

Differences between and tee systems.

The radial type heat supply distribution has the ability to connect heating devices to the distribution system. Pipes run from each point to the battery. There are two of them: the one that supplies the coolant and removes it. The heating device itself is a large technical device, which is why it is mainly stored in a specialized building.

A typical tee system takes into account a small number of pipes, but regardless of this, there will be many more connections. This will complicate the installation, and the possibility of failure of the unit has many chances.

When the collector is separated, the number of pipes becomes larger, but all joints are easy to reach, which means that removing the problem takes little time. Each individual branch of the heating system can simply be turned off and this will not cause disruption to the heating of other rooms. A radiant-type heating distribution installed in a couple-storey building usually has forced and gravitational circulation.

The key advantage of a radiant heating system is the availability of its installation under pipes. With a tee system, it is considered impossible to fit the pipes in an inaccessible place, because if repairs are necessary, the walls and floor will have to be destroyed.

Home collector wiring - circulation function

An alternative heating system that has a forced circulation function.

About 10 years ago, a very small number of people could afford this device. Nowadays the cost technical devices decreased significantly, and this made heating systems of this type generally available.

The key advantage of forced circulation is the unnatural circulation of coolant through the batteries. The water seal can be installed on both output and receiving paths. The radiant heating system does not require special construction of living rooms.

The actual circulation of the coolant in the heating system involves the use of large cross-section pipes and the installation of a specialized tank. Very often this is considered inconvenient, because the coolant recovery part should be installed at a higher point in the room.

The distribution of radiant heat supply with real coolant circulation makes it possible to save on additional elements. Parts that are very expensive are not needed for the actual functioning of such a heating system.

If the room works as a building in a country house, then the best choice would be a real circulation. Even without additional devices, the house will be heated very efficiently.

Radiant heating distribution in a private house - its advantages and disadvantages

Pros and cons of the heating system.

When creating a project for diluting heating system batteries, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of this type of heat supply to the room. Radiation-type heat supply wiring has disadvantages; anyone who is at least a little competent in this area knows them, but with its good qualities few people know. The disadvantages include: high consumption of materials for construction and, naturally, much higher costs than when constructing tee pipes; the need to allocate a significant amount of space for a specialized tank or block for it.

Also, collector wiring also has advantages, everyone knows that they undoubtedly exist, but problems arise with their clear definition. Very often you can hear that a radiant heating system is simply of better quality and that’s the end of it. Although she, for her part, provides a large number of purposes and good sides.

They consist in the elementary creation of a design for a heat supply device; pipes of the same cross-section can be used all the time, which is very convenient; banality of installation due to insufficient number of joints between pipes; possibility of uniform coolant circulation.

This is very important for people who use plumbing equipment, mainly imported from other countries, which generally has three atmospheric pressures. The radiant heating system is very rational and heats the home in exactly the same way.

The broken part of the pipe can simply be replaced with a new one, without resorting to dismantling the floor; the ability to turn off one of the batteries, while the others will be fully operational; devices for regulating the temperature level in any room; such regulators can be mechanical or automated.

This heating system is good because of its flexibility and easy installation. automated system regulation.

Radiant heating system in a house with several apartments

Perimeter or collector wiring of the heating system: what to choose?

Being a variation of the methods of laying heating pipes of two-pipe horizontal systems of modern private and apartment buildings, the collector distribution of the heating system has a number of undeniable positive qualities. Each circuit of the system with such piping is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set a personal operating mode for it that meets the condition of a person’s comfort in a certain area of the room.

Heating pipes laid in the thickness of a concrete screed or under a wooden floor on wooden blocks must be reliable, eliminating (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration of throughput and other breakdowns.

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Modern apartment buildings for housing and private country houses of any number of floors are very often equipped with horizontal heating systems. Required element Such a scheme is considered to be one or more (in a building with several apartments - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, having branches/entrances into separate rooms/apartments on each floor. Subsequent installation of pipelines is carried out in a “horizontal” way.

When making such systems, workers invariably encounter difficulties in laying heating pipes to heating devices. The pipelines from the pipes of vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not disturb the residents very much. Horizontal pipes laid openly under the walls become an argument that interferes with the natural process of using the premises and do not fit well into their interiors. Due to this, different methods of horizontal hidden laying are used.

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

Routing of pipes and wires in a branched dead-end circuit.

Very short pipe lengths and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are offset by mutual crossing of pipes and wires, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

Perimeter wiring heating systems

Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the baseboard.

Pipeline layout diagram for a two-pipe dead-end system.

The lack of crossing of pipes in the diagram is offset by the need to make holes in the walls (in the given diagram it is necessary to drill five holes).

Layout of pipelines according to the scheme with the passing movement of water (Tichelman scheme).

Layout of pipes and wires according to the Tichelman scheme.

Here the first heating device of the heating circuit has the shortest “supply” length and the longest “return” length, the final heating device is the opposite. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the coolant when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of heating devices in a branch.

Collector-beam wiring heating systems

Pipeline routing diagram for a collector system.

The popularity of this scheme is regularly increasing. Here the pipes are laid in the floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each heating device from the collectors (based on this “supply” and “return”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). Minus - very high costs, caused by excessive pipe consumption and additional costs for collectors.

The use of manifold wiring, which increases the length of the pipes, provides the final benefit due to a reduction in their diameter.

General requirements for the installation process of collector wiring

For collector distribution, a common method is to lay pipes in the floor in a screed; its thickness is 50-80 mm. Lay plywood on top, covered with a final floor covering (parquet, linoleum). This screed thickness is quite sufficient for free “monolithization” of the intra-apartment (in-house) collector wiring of the heating system. It is possible to lay pipes externally under walls under decorative skirting boards, which entails an inevitable increase in the length of the pipelines. There are known options for laying collector pipes in the space of a suspended (suspended) ceiling, in grooves.

Connecting heating devices with a manifold circuit.

Metal-plastic or PEX pipes (X-linked polyethylene pipes) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene have an absolute advantage here. According to SNiP, only unbreakable connections can be “mortared” into concrete. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are connected using tension connectors, which are classified as permanent connections. Metal-plastic pipes use crimp connectors with union nuts. “Monoliquing” them means violating SNiP. Each wedge pipe connection must be accessible for physical and technical maintenance (tightening).

Even without connectors, not every metal-plastic pipe is definitely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polymer ethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing temperature. After all, metal and plastic have different volumetric magnification coefficients. Due to this, the glue composition that unites them should be:

internally strong (cohesive);
adhesive to aluminum and polymer ethylene;
flexible;
elastic;
heat resistant.

These requirements are not met by all adhesive compositions, even from popular European manufacturers of pipes made of metal-plastic, which delaminate over time; the layer inside the polyethylene in this pipe “collapses,” reducing its cross-section. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and the location of the breakdown is usually impossible to find - in most cases, the “sin” is caused by breakdowns of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In light of the above, we advise readers to pay their own attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses American adhesive from the DSM concern, which ensures reliable metal/plastic connections, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.

Manifold boxes and blocks

In an apartment with a horizontal collector distribution of heat supply (on the floors of privatized houses), distribution-type collectors (supply and “return”) are organized, collecting all supply and return lines from pipes at their own outlets. They are placed in specialized iron cabinets, very often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inwards. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in intentionally constructed wall niches. Often the collector unit is connected to the heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.

Box for collectors with heat energy metering unit.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices will be:

plastic;
nickel plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel

Most well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostats (on the return manifold), automated Mayevsky taps, drain valves and mounting holders .

Complete collector block.

The task of personal adjustment of the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of collector-heating systems is solved by tuning valves with installed flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow along the shortest path with very little hydraulic resistance. It flows more intensely around short branches, warming up the heating devices installed there more intensely.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the consumption of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and widening them in long ones. Setting up is a labor-intensive process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly close or open the flow along the contours. Thermostats perform a similar function.

Thermal valves on the manifold - “return” - are valves that slowly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Combined layout of heat supply pipes and wires

Often, there is not only one device installed in a room for heating the room, but several. It is impractical to connect a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each heating device during collector wiring. It is better to run a separate branch to any room, which will bypass several radiators in the middle of the room, performing a dead-end or passing circuit.

Combined wiring diagram for heating systems.

A system of this kind is designed as a beam system. Branches that supply several heating devices with heat carriers are subject to separate calculations as dead-end or passing. In modern systems, heating devices are equipped with thermal valves (thermostats), which can be adjusted by customers to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. It becomes very difficult to maintain the stability of indoor temperatures.

It turns out that you can free yourself from instability, while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting heating devices, combining them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

“Walk-through” connection diagram for heating devices.

The thermal valve is placed exclusively on the first heating device in the circuit, regulating the flow rate across all gradually switched on devices for heating the room. They are perceived as one heating device. Balancing difficulties will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).

Automatic collector-beam system

Thermal valve servo drive dimensions.

A similar scheme has very high capital costs while providing high level comfort. temperature desired by the client environment can be set from the room control panel thermostatic valve, the signals of which are processed by servos on the thermal valves of the return manifold. The system can be controlled by a so-called chronothermostat, which provides the client with the ability to set a temperature control program for 7 days, differentiated by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The heating system with manifold-pipe distribution provides the client with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and personal adjustment of the operating modes of the radiators. A certain increase in the length of pipes during collector wiring is compensated in advance by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.

Collector heating system for a private house - pros and cons

Radiant heating system

Radiant heat supply: a simple scheme of actions
Editing like aerobatics
It is hardly possible to do without a circulation pump

Heating systems are challenging, especially when it is necessary to include both the personal tastes of the owners and the originality of the structure that needs heating. Those who live in apartment buildings are familiar with the pattern: the higher the floor, the less heat there will be, which means the degree of comfort will decrease, and the health of the families living there will become worse. The reason is the methodical reconnection of heat exchangers to one, passing and connecting riser together. The consumption of purchased pipes allows you to save on them, but it is unrealistic to achieve a homogeneous temperature in all apartments. The temperature will also differ in the rooms, the details of the living space.

Time demonstrates that a radiant heating system is most optimal for balanced temperature control. To define it, the synonym collector is used. This modern heat supply system has proven itself with its own operating parameters and non-hazardous parameters for residents.

Radiant heating system is the best solution

Heating system diagram.

He who owns his own house naturally desires with my own hands organize a good system of excellent heat supply. He must know for sure: great heating systems have not yet been invented, so you need to select what is the most functional and has received positive approval. You can give your own preference to the heating system, nicknamed. Its romantic-geometric name is absolutely explained: each heating device receives its own beam as a pipeline.

If the owner owns a comfortable, not very large and heavy house, which consists of two floors, then the scheme for constructing a heating system using collectors provides for the presence of its own collector on each floor. They are connected together in a parallel way, then a boiler is installed, then an expansion tank. This heating system is sometimes called two-pipe. And it is right. A pair of pipes runs through all the rooms that need to be heated. One line of pipes is formed for the direct movement of liquid - the other is responsible for the way back.

All types of heating systems have a common set of design elements. This is a boiler that serves as a source of heat generation; circuit consisting of pipes and. Differences various types consist in different pipe arrangement schemes.

One of the most famous wiring is considered to be a radiant heating system.

The main difference between a radiant heating system and other systems is that here, with the help of a collector unit, each battery has its own separate pipes for supplying and discharging liquid.

Thanks to this method, you do not have to turn off the entire system in the event of a breakdown of individual elements. There will also be no need to install, which will significantly simplify installation and reduce the final cost.

Considering the advantages of this system, it is worth noting:

1. Easy installation, thanks to the use of pipes and a small amount.
2. The pipeline “run” into the walls and floor does not spoil the interior.
3. Increased functionality when installing additional elements (for example: thermoregulation sensors, air vents, etc.)
4. Possibility of setting different specific temperatures in individual rooms.
5. Repair and replacement separately, without shutting down the entire system.
6. Uniform heating.

Due to the “fan” layout of this wiring, almost always all pipes are installed inside walls or floors. This is done to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the room and convenience. When arranging the premises, a radiant heating system is also used. Pipes are laid in concrete screed floor, but all connecting elements are on the surface. This is done in order to prevent coolant leakage under the screed.

The main disadvantage of a radiant heating system is the large number of materials used, due to its large footage.

Also, forced circulation of the coolant is mainly used here, which means circulation pumps are required.

In order to achieve high system efficiency, you should pay attention to the following points:

A unit equipped with a thermostat should be located away from hot appliances. (for the veracity of testimony)
The circulation pump is predominantly located on the return pipe, the temperature of which is significantly lower than the supply pipe.
The presence of an air release device is required. Or the pump must be equipped with an air vent.
It is advisable to locate the pump close to the expansion tank.
Before installing and starting the circulation pump, the system should be flushed and filled with liquid.

Among the advantages of the beam system, it is also worth noting the convenience of adjusting the wiring temperature. If desired, each room can have its own independent temperature.

Also, the use of the beam method is justified in multi-story buildings. During the process of carrying out technical work or replacing individual parts, you will not have to turn off the heating system in the entire house.

A radiant heating system for a private home is also used in buildings with wooden floors. To do this, holes are drilled in the beams slightly wider than the diameter of the pipes. This is necessary so that the structure does not put pressure on the pipeline.

When installing the beam layout, you should follow certain rules, to reduce heat loss:

Radial wiring of the heating system.

In the design of a beam system, one of its main components is the collector unit.

If this system is installed in a non- one-story building, the collector is installed on each floor.

Special collector cabinets are provided for the collector unit. Their internal structure is determined by the convenience and accessibility of each element of the collector.

Among the features of beam wiring, the following should be highlighted:

The minimum number of connections in the circuit is a definite plus. Thanks to this, the system is virtually always hydraulically stable.
To ensure high wiring efficiency, it is necessary to correctly select the boiler power, take into account heat loss and calculate the heat energy consumption of heating devices.
It should be taken into account that as the length of the pipes increases, heat loss increases.

Almost always, radial distribution is installed horizontally, with forced circulation and lower liquid supply. The use of a circulation pump allows you to reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline. This significantly increases the efficiency of the system, makes it less bulky and significantly reduces material consumption. When choosing a device, you should pay attention to two main parameters: productivity (cubic meters per hour) and pressure height (in meters).

To correctly select the unit for performance and pressure height, the following pipe characteristics are taken into account:

Pipe diameter
Total pipeline length
The height of the pipeline relative to the position of the circulation pump.

Among other things, the circuit includes a collector unit. Its function is to supply liquid to each heating device and remove it. From the collector, the coolant is sent back to the boiler. Typically, collectors can supply from 2 to 12 circuits. But there are models with larger numbers. Collectors are often equipped with elements of shut-off and control valves and thermoregulation. Thanks to them, the most efficient and acceptable fluid flow in each branch is adjusted. In addition, the presence of air vents is mandatory for a longer service life of the system.

Radiant heating system in an apartment building.

Radiant heating system in an apartment building

Almost always, in modern multi-storey buildings, radiant heating systems are installed. The entire circuit is mounted in the wall or, more often, in the floor. The supply and discharge collector units are located in a special niche in the center of the floor premises. Pipes extend from them to each radiator on the floor.

The scheme is carried out in the form of one-pipe or two-pipe installation. The pumps are also installed on individual rings or the entire branch. If possible, each contour is made the same length. Otherwise, each branch is equipped with its own pump and automatic temperature control. The process of adjusting the temperature of each circuit is separate from the others. Each battery must be equipped with an air vent.

Drawing a general conclusion regarding beam distribution, it should be said that this is the most balanced heating circuit, which has a large number of advantages compared to others.

Two-pipe or radiant heating scheme. Which one to choose? What is a radiant heating distribution system in a private house: pros and cons, connection features Advantages of a radiant heating system

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

Perimeter wiring of the heating system

Collector-beam wiring of the heating system

General requirements for installation of beam distribution

Manifold cabinets and blocks

Combined heating piping layout

Automatic collector-beam system

Conclusion

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

Grade

Advantages

Flaws

conclusions

Comparison with other heating wiring diagrams

Single pipe system

Two-pipe system

Installation rules

Automatic collector-beam system

Conclusion

Related articles:

Design and operating principle

Is it worth doing manifold heating wiring?

Structure of a radiant heating system

Heat sources

Heating manifold

Circulation pump

Pipes

Selecting a distribution manifold

Features of beam distribution

Pros and cons of a collector heating system

Modern heating systems

Types of radiator connections

Side connection

Diagonal connection

Bottom connection

Radiant system with heated floor

Significant advantages of beam distribution

Selection of circulation pump

How to install a pump

Radial diagram of the heating system, features of application in a two-story house

Radiant heating systems with natural and forced circulation

Pipe selection

Radiant wiring and heated floors

Installation features

Single-pipe heating system diagram

Heating circulation methods

How to make fan wiring

Combined heating piping layout

Elements

Basic

Additional

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

Analysis of all the pros and cons of doing or not doing

What's the outcome

Advantages and disadvantages

Main design elements

Selection and installation of a circular pump

Selection and role of the distribution manifold

Beam wiring diagram

Preparatory work

System installation

Radial system and heated floor

Features of installation of the system for wooden houses

Manifold boxes and blocks

Conclusion

Publications on the topic:

Radial heat distribution system

Manifold heating distribution

Differences between and tee systems.

Home collector wiring - circulation function

Radiant heating distribution in a private house - its advantages and disadvantages

Radiant heating system in a house with several apartments

Perimeter or collector wiring of the heating system: what to choose?

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

Perimeter wiring heating systems

Collector-beam wiring heating systems

General requirements for the installation process of collector wiring