Phrasal verb go on. Phrasal verb go in

The verb to go is one of the most frequently used in English language. In this article we will look at the meanings of the verb and examples of sentences with go in the Present Simple, and analyze the rules of its use and conjugation.

Meanings of the verb to go

1) Go, come, walk.

I go to school 5 days a week. I go to school 5 days a week.

They go to the theater every Friday. They go to the theater every Friday.

Could you go to the shop, please? Go to the store, please.

2) Ride, travel.

Our family goes to Spain in summer. Our family goes to Spain in the summer.

Little children like to go by bus. Little children love to ride the bus.

3) Pass, become.

It all goes according to the plan. Everything goes according to plan.

Meetings in his company go efficiently if the chief is in a good mood. Meetings in his company proceed quickly if the boss is in a good mood.

The milk goes sour if you don’t keep it in the refrigerator. Milk turns sour if it is not stored in the refrigerator.

4) Run, ride (about transport).

This train goes from London to Oxford. This train goes from London to Oxford.

Buses don’t go very often in our part of the city . Buses rarely run in our part of the city.

5) To speak, to say (used only in colloquial speech).

He comes up to me and goes – “What"s your name?" He comes up to me and says: “What is your name?”

Using the verb go in the Present Simple

Present Simple is a present simple tense, which is used to denote actions, phenomena and processes that occur regularly, constantly, as a rule. Time markers are the words always (always), often (often), sometimes (sometimes), rarely (rarely), usually (usually), every day/month/year (every day/month/year).

In affirmative sentences, the verb go in the simple present tense is used in two forms: go and goes. The form goes is used with third person singular subjects.

Let's look at specific examples:

I go to work by underground. I go to work by subway.
He goes to work by underground. He goes to work by subway.
Women go shopping after work. Women go shopping after work.
She goes shopping after work. She goes shopping after work.
My children go to the swimming pool. My children go to the pool.
My daughter goes to the swimming pool. My daughter goes to the pool.

In negative and interrogative sentences of the Present Simple tense, the verb go does not change its form, only the forms of the auxiliary verbs change.

Let us recall that if a sentence contains a predicate expressed by a semantic verb, then when forming interrogative and negative sentences it is used auxiliary to do in the appropriate form (do or does). In our case, the semantic verb is - the verb to go.

We form negative and interrogative sentences using go in the Present Simple from the above examples.

I don’t go to work by underground, I go by bus. I don't go to work by subway, I go by bus.
Do women go shopping after work? Yes, they do. Do women go shopping after work? Yes.
She doesn't go shopping after work. She doesn't go shopping after work.
Do your children go to the swimming pool? Yes, they do. Do your children go to the pool? Yes.

Phrasal verbs with to go

to go on- continue
Please go on reading. Continue reading please.

to go up– grow
The number of employees goes up every year. The number of employees is growing every year.

to go down- to decline, to fall
The prices of fruit go down in summer. Fruit prices decrease in summer.

to go out- go out, go somewhere
Does she like to go out on Fridays? Does she like to go out on Fridays?

to go out with- meet someone
My brother goes out with her sister. My brother is dating her sister.

to go without- do without
My grandfather cannot go without reading. My grandfather cannot do without reading.

to go back– return (to something), continue (do something).
I don’t like to go back to work after Sunday. I don't like going back to work after Sunday.

Stable expression with the verb to go

to go mad- go crazy
She goes mad when she is late. She goes crazy when she's late.

to go gray- becomes gray.
Unfortunately, I begin to go grey. Unfortunately, I'm starting to go gray.

to go sightseeing- see the sights.
My husband doesn’t like to go sightseeing. He finds it boring. My husband doesn't like sightseeing. He finds it boring.

Verb to go with and without the article the

The verb go is often used to indicate direction using the preposition to. If the noun indicated after the preposition (school, work, hospital, cinema, etc.) is used for its intended purpose, then a certain article the may not be used. If they go to a given place for another purpose, then the use of the article is mandatory.

I go to school every day. I go to school every day (to study).

He goes to the school every day because he helps his daughter to carry her school bag. He goes to school every day because he helps his daughter carry her schoolbag.

She goes to church every Sunday. She goes to church every Sunday.

They go to the hospital to see their friend. They go to the hospital to visit their friend (not to get treatment).

Construction to be going to

Along with the future tense, the verb go in the Present Continuous with the addition of an infinitive is used to denote planned actions. The proposals in this case look like this:

Subject + to be (am/is/are) + going + infinitive + secondary members of the sentence.

For example,

I am going to spend my vacation in Greece. I'm going to spend my holidays in Greece.

He is going to finish his book this summer. He plans to finish his book this summer.

I am going to use the verb “go” correctly. I'm going to use the verb "go" correctly.

Now you know in what cases and how to correctly use the verb to go in the Present Simple. You will use it often as it has so many meanings. Good luck in learning English!

Every student of English has invariably asked the question why verbs that are written in the dictionary very often have a completely different meaning in a sentence. The topic of phrasal verbs will help you understand why this happens, and today we will look at the phrasal verb go.

When you look in a dictionary, you only see the basic meaning. But if you add some preposition or adverb to a verb, its meaning may change.

For example, the combination verb + preposition to go on has a meaning different from the main one.
IN in this case the basic meaning of “go”, “move” is replaced by “continue”, “last” or “happen” (about an event).

Important! When translating set expressions into Russian, remember that prepositions or adverbs that come immediately after the verb can change its meaning beyond recognition.

Particles that change the meaning of the verb Go

After = to follow (someone)
Along = agree, support
Away = end, leave
Back = return to previous state
Down = to descend, to set (about the sun)
In = to enter, to participate
Off = turn off (about technology), pass (about an event)
Out = going out of fashion
Over = revise, check
Through = to go through (difficulties)
Under = to fail
Up = increase
With = to go together (about clothes)

Grammar connectives

A verb with prepositions forms stable grammatical connectives, which are called phrasal verbs. Another type of grammatical connectives in which a phrasal verb is involved are idioms, or set expressions.

Let's look at each of the groups.

Phrasal verb

Not every verb with a preposition is usually called phrasal - only certain stable phrases have become a separate semantic unit. In fact, it is correct to translate it not as a phrase, but as a separate word.

go out– translation: get out
The preposition out means that the object has left some area. Out - to be outside, go out - to go out. In Russian we use the prefix vy- (go out, fly out, jump out).
Jane went out of the house.

go up- rise, head upstairs
The preposition up means upward movement, upward direction.
My granny went up the stairs slowly.

go down translation: go down, head down
The preposition down denotes direction, downward movement
She went out the stairs quickly.

go away- end, leave
Indicates the direction in which the preposition points.

To go out with(someone) – meet (with someone)
In addition to it, the English also use the popular verb to date to mean “meet” or “go on a date.”

To go in for (sports)- get involved in some activity, play (sports).
A common expression. Many people remember him from school.

Translation of phrasal verb go over– revise, check, succeed.
It has a wide variety of meanings. To use the correct meaning, you need to be well versed in the context.

Idiomatic expressions

An idiom is a set expression whose meaning is not related to the meaning of the words it contains. Their use diversifies and embellishes our speech. They are part of the cultural code, with the help of which you can understand the way of thinking and character of native speakers.

Idiomatic expressions are tricky.

Eg, go bananas The idiom is not about bananas at all. If it appears in the text, you know that the one to whom it refers is seriously freaked out and angry.

Translation of the phrase go dutch It's easy to turn into nonsense if you don't know that it's an idiom meaning everyone pays for themselves.

There is an idiom in English go ahead. It is translated as “continue”, “begin” (something). In colloquial slang it can mean “Go ahead!”

Advice! The best way to understand an idiom is to focus on the context and often look into the dictionary of Russian-English idiomatic expressions.

Any professional translator will tell you that spoken English consists of 80% phrasal verbs. There are as many as 55 expressions with phrasal verb go alone. The ability to correctly use such grammatical structures in speech is another step towards acquiring language skills.

The verb to go is one of the irregular verbs; its past tense forms and participles are formed non-standardly: go – went – gone.

The main meaning of the word is “to go”, “to go”, “to move”, and with a tendency to move away from the source of speech or the place of action, in contrast to the verb to come, which implies approach.

Let's go for a walk! - Let's take a walk, that is, let's leave the house.
That morning she went to school totally unprepared. “She went to school that morning completely unprepared.

You can walk and move either on foot or using a vehicle. The preposition by is usually used to denote transport.

— Did you go to the mountains by car? — Did you go to the mountains in a (passenger) car?
— No, by jeep! A car would get stuck there! - No, in a jeep. The car would have been stuck there.
We will not be able to go to Crimea by train until the bridge across Kerch Strait is not built yet. “We won’t be able to go to Crimea by train until the bridge across the Kerch Strait is built.

Besides direct meaning“to go, go, travel” the verb to go can also be used in figurative meanings. Translation, as a rule, does not cause any difficulties.

The summer has gone. — Summer has passed (and you won’t get it back again).
He went pale. - He turned pale.

In this case, there is again a negative connotation of the event - the subject’s condition has worsened, something went wrong.

However, the greatest difficulties for a student of English, and sometimes for a translator, are caused by the persistent phrasal use of the verb to go with auxiliary parts of speech, most often with prepositions. In inflected languages, which include Russian, the role English prepositions They are usually played by prefixes or a combination of a verb with a certain case of the dependent word. Usually common sense helps to understand the meaning of a statement, as in the example with the construction to go by:

We went to Moscow by plane - We went to Moscow by plane (fundamental case).

However, sometimes the use of phrasal verbs from the point of view of a native Russian speaker is difficult to explain. What does a design cost, for example? to go in for something - “to do something, to get carried away with something.” You just need to memorize such phrases; there are special exercises for this.

You would go in for sports than sit all day at a computer. — You would rather go in for sports than sit at the computer all day.
My husband is going in for knitting, while I’m learning to drive a car. — My husband is interested in knitting, and I am learning to drive a car.
My classmates and I try to go in for all school competitions. — My classmates and I try to participate in all school competitions.
My children like football, while I wanted them to go in for chess.

Phrasal use of the verb to go

Dictionaries list more than 100 stable combinations with the verb to go, and the translation of many of them is ambiguous. Let's consider the most common options, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding oral and writing and communication at the everyday level.

Colloquial expression to go about means “to walk back and forth”, “to hang around in one place”, “to hang out (with someone)”.

Nick is well now. He's going about again. - Nick has recovered. Already on my feet.
She's going about bad guys. “She hangs out with the bad guys.”

The design is also used in figuratively.

Rumors are going about his new girlfriend. — There are rumors about his new girlfriend.

There are several stable constructions using this phrasal verb: he is going about hungry/naked/in a dream - he walks hungry, walks naked, is in a dream world. If someone annoys you beyond measure, you can interrupt the bore with the words: Go about your business! - Mind your own business!

Verb translation go after expect - to follow someone. - This is a synonym for the verb to follow.
He tried to escape but the police went after him everywhere. “He tried to escape, but the police were on his heels.

Go up a phrasal verb denoting upward movement, increase in the literal and figurative sense. Its antonym is the verb go down.

Father Fyodor immediately went up a steep rock. — Father Fyodor instantly climbed to the top of the steep cliff.

In American English, the verb is used in relation to prices: Prices are going up - Prices are rising.

The magnificent building went up on the site of the former slums. — A magnificent building rose on the site of a former slum.

If you are traveling from the province to Big city, you can also apply this expression.

I go up to Moscow next week. Do you want to follow me? — Next week I’m going to Moscow. Would you like to come with me?

If the trip was a success, you can say:

I went up to Moscow State University - I entered Moscow State University.

Antonym verb go down associated with downward movement, reduction in size, or reduction in status. He went down without a degree - he dropped out of school without receiving a diploma.

Prices and wages go down rapidly. — Prices and wages are falling rapidly.
I went down with a flu. — I came down with the flu.

Phrasal verb go out well known to all students high school who were once kicked out of class for bad behavior. Go out of the classroom! - the strict teacher said to the disobedient student. But not everything with this verb is so bad. For example, to go out on a date means “to go on a date.”

They have been going out together for three years - They have been dating for three years (the word out implies that they are dating and not living together).

This verb generally has a lot of figurative meanings, sometimes quite unexpected. Her heart went out to the baby - Her heart was filled with tenderness for the baby.

to expression go through involves overcoming an obstacle, often using remarkable physical or volitional efforts.

I barely went through the customs and passport control. I barely got through customs and passport control.

My grandfather went through the war without a scratch. My grandfather went through the war without a single scratch.

Funny idiom – He can go through a brick wall — He passes brick wall, that is, he sees everything through and has unique insight. Sometimes such expressions turn out to be false friends of the translator, since they are taken literally.

Go off- a phrasal verb that enhances the semantics of removal with the adverb off, implying high speed or unexpectedness of movement.

My wife went off with my friend but I never regret it! My wife ran away with my friend, but I don’t regret it at all.

Some notable colloquial expressions include:

to go off one’s food – lose appetite;
to go off the handle - to freak out, lose your temper;
to go off one's chump - to go crazy, go crazy.

Phrasal verb go over implies not only some effort to overcome circumstances, but also a necessarily obtained result.

How did your negotiations go over? — How did your negotiations go (and how did they end)?

Like other phrasal verbs, semantic ambiguity is possible here. He went over a bridge - he overcame the bridge. The maid went over a table with a cloth. The maid passed the cloth over the table.

After the TV show he went over big with middle-aged women. — After the TV show, he became wildly popular among middle-aged women.

The expression is also used to indicate a change of religious denomination or political views.

The politician is secretly thinking about going over to another party. — This politician is secretly thinking about switching to another party.

Direct and allegorical use and understanding of phrasal verbs is a necessary component of proficiency in a foreign language. In most cases, constructions need to be memorized - they do not always lend themselves to logical comprehension. As your vocabulary grows, phrasal verbs will no longer be a problem for you. The ability to insert a stable combination into place will earn approval from a native speaker.

Phrasal verb - a combination of a specified part of speech with a postposition (adverb or preposition), resulting in the formation of a new semantic unit, which has a different meaning. This is a fairly broad topic that requires detailed consideration and elaboration. But since there are many constructions, you should start by choosing a small number of phrases that you can use in speech and writing. This article examines the word go, a phrasal verb that has many uses.

Basic meanings and to go

The word to go is one of the most common in the English language and has many meanings. The following are just some translation options:

go, walk;
drive;
to be in circulation (about money, coins);
sound (about a bell);
to be sold (at a specific price);
pass, disappear;
cancel;
collapse;
fail.

The context will tell you which meaning to choose when translating. By meaning you can understand what is meant. One of the common mistakes newbies make is trying to translate word for word using the first dictionary definition that appears in the list of meanings. It should also be remembered that this has the following forms: go, went, gone.

Go - phrasal verb combined with prepositions

The following are the most common combinations. In order to master this topic well, take several phrases, work through them with the help of exercises, come up with examples for each of them and try to make them part of your active vocabulary, using them in speech. Over time, this seemingly complex topic will become an integral part of your knowledge.

Go: phrasal verb combined with prepositions:

go	about	1) walk, look around, stroll; 2) circulate, circulate (about rumors); 3) start (something).
	after	to catch up, to pursue
	for	1) to pounce, to collapse; 2) strive.
	in for	get involved, engage
	into	explore, study
	off	1) explode, shoot; 2) pass, go; 3) become worse, deteriorate; 4) lose consciousness.
	on	1) continue to do something (persistently), move on; 2) take place, happen.
	on with	continue
	out	1) go out, be in society; 2) go out of fashion; 3) go out.
	over	1) go; 2) move (to the other side); 3) view, re-read 4) study in detail, inspect.
	through	1) discuss in detail, carefully consider (the issue); 2) experience, experience; 3) to do, to perform.
	to	have worries, incur expenses
	under	crash
	up	1) come close, get closer; 2) travel to the capital (from the suburbs, villages); 3) grow, rise (about prices); 4) build.
	with	correspond, harmonize
	without	do without something

In addition to different combinations, you should remember that some phrases have multiple meanings. For example, the phrasal verb go off covers at least 4 translation options.

Go + adverbs

Verb combinations with adverbs are somewhat inferior in number to phrases with prepositions. However, the phrases presented in this section are no less common. They occur quite often both in the everyday speech of native speakers and in modern literature.

Go: phrasal verb combined with adverbs:

Phrasal verb go: examples of use

Vocabulary foreign language, be it a word or a construction, is better learned in practice. Simply memorizing a list of words is not very good effective method, since knowing individual words is not enough. After all, the main difficulties may arise when trying to combine them into a proposal. In order to harmoniously master new material, it is best to immediately use it in practice: read ready-made examples and create your own.

The tourists go about London. - Tourists walk around London.
I must go about this work tomorrow. - I have to take on this work tomorrow.
Let's go aside, I have to tell you something. - Let's step aside, I need to tell you something.
Animals go by instinct. - Animals are guided by instincts.
I go in for sports from a childhood. - I have been involved in sports since childhood.
The milk went off. - The milk has gone bad.
She likes to go out. - She likes to go out into society.
She went up to him and asked something. “She came up to him and asked something.

Try to replace commonly used phrases with synonyms - this will diversify your speech. For example, a simple question "what's going on?" can be translated in different ways: What's happening?, Is there something up?, What's going on? (phrasal verb occurs quite often).

Consistency and perseverance are the main secrets of success. To understand any topic in English well, you need to devote time to it regularly. Daily lessons of 15-30 minutes are much more effective than one long lesson once a week.

At first glance, go (goes) is a verb, the understanding and translation of which seems extremely simple. However, the list of possible meanings and uses goes beyond the designation of movement. In addition, there are many stable phrases and phraseological units in which new semantic shades of this word are revealed.

Basic values

Go (goes) is a verb that is one of the most common words. Surely even a person starting to study English knows such translations of this word as “go”, “go”. However, the range of its meanings is much wider. And for correct interpretation, you should pay attention to the context.

Different translations of the word go:

go, walk;
leave, leave, go;
to be (in a certain state);
go (about hours);
to be sold (at a specific price);
to be in circulation (about banknotes, coins);
pass, disappear, get lost, vanish;
to speak, to speak, to verb;
to be cancelled, to be abolished;
fail.

This is an incomplete list of all possible options. When translating, it is important to understand what meaning a particular English statement includes, and then translate it into native language in a way that sounds natural.

Usage examples

The translation options presented in the previous section are illustrated in examples:

She always goes hungry. - She is always hungry (goes hungry).
Everything goes better than we expected. - Everything is going better than we expected.
The clouds have gone. - The clouds have cleared.
I thought that she went mad. - I thought she was crazy.
He goes by steamboat. - He is sailing on a ship.

Forms and conjugations

The word go belongs to the category irregular verbs. That is, its conjugation differs from the standard one. The first thing to learn is the three forms: go, went, gone.

Went is a verb form that occurs only in the past indefinite tense. As a rule, it is used in cases where it is necessary to talk about some accomplished fact, without indicating the duration, period of time or result. To indicate a specific period of time or, if necessary, to emphasize the duration of an action, tenses of the Continuous group are used. If the fact in question entailed a result in the present, the Perfect is used.

In the group of perfect tenses, the past participle is used - gone (the form of the verb presented in the third column Irregular tables verbs). All this is remembered very easily. The main thing is to understand the tense system in English. Another important fact: go (goes) is a verb that is used only in the active voice. It is not used in the passive. For clarity, the use of the verb in all tenses is presented in the table.

	Past	Present	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Indefinite (Simple)	went	go/goes	will go	would go
Continuous (Progressive)	was/were going	am/is/are going	will be going	would be going
Perfect	had gone	have/has gone	will have gone	would have gone
Perfect Continuous	had been going	have/has been going	will have been going	would have been going

The phrasal verb go in combination with prepositions and adverbs

Phrasal verbs are a characteristic feature of the English language. This is a phrase that includes a verb and a postposition (preposition or adverb). In this regard, the basic meaning of the original word changes partially or completely. This is the main difficulty of phrasal verbs. A literal translation is not able to convey the meaning of the phrase, so special attention should be paid to the study of these phrases.

go	about	1) walk, stroll 2) circulate, spread (about rumors, news, etc.) 3) get to work, get busy
	around (with smb.)	hang out (with someone)
	aside	step aside
	back	return
	back (on)	fail, fail to keep a promise
	by	1) to work with something 2) to be guided by something
	down	1) leave (from the center to the province) 2) sink, go to the bottom 3) fall, decline, lose height 4) calm down (about the wind) 5) believe, be approved (by the public)
	for	1) rush (toward the goal) 2) pounce
	in for	get involved
	into	scrutinize, investigate, investigate
	off	1) shoot, explode 2) get off, go through (about an event, etc.) 3) deteriorate, become worse, lose original quality 4) faint, lose consciousness
	on	1) move on, continue persistently (move towards the goal) 2) happen, happen, take place
	on with	continue (narration, story, playing a musical instrument)
	out	1) go out, be in society, attend various events 2) go out (about a candle, lamp) 3) go out of fashion, become obsolete
	over	1) go 2) move, cross to the other side (roads, streets, rivers) 3) review, re-read 4) study carefully in detail
	through	1) discuss something, considering point by point 2) experience, experience 3) perform, do
	to	have worries, incur expenses
	under	fail
	up	1) go to the center from the provinces 2) rise, grow (about prices) 3) get closer to someone, come close
	with	harmoniously combine, correspond
	without	do without something

When using the above phrases in your everyday speech, be sure to use them correctly. Remember about changes in persons: go - goes (verb in the third person, in combination with the pronouns he, she, it), tenses (for example, went - for the simple past), etc.

Set phrases

In English, as in any other language, there is such a thing as set expressions. Such a phrase is an indivisible unit, which, when translated, is considered as one whole. One of the common mistakes made by beginners is trying to translate each word separately, and then, combining the resulting variants, to understand the meaning. However, in many cases this method is inappropriate. TO similar examples include phrasal verbs, idioms, phraseological units. Such expressions need to be remembered and, if possible, included in your active lexicon, using in everyday speech. Here are some examples:

as fast as one can ~ - as fast as you can;
as ~ along - along the way;
as the years ~ by - over the years, over time, after (many) years;
as things ~ now - according to current circumstances, in the current state of affairs;
as we ~ forward - in the future, further;
be good to ~ - to be suitable, ready for use;
come and ~ - move forward and backward, back and forth;
give the go-by - get ahead, overtake;
give it a ~ - make an attempt;
here you ~ - here, hold, take;
in one ~ - in one approach, once, sitting down;
it is no ~ - nothing works out, nothing comes out;
~ barefoot - walk barefoot;
~ go well - go well.

Not represented here full list all kinds of stable phrases with the verb to go. However, these phrases are among the most commonly used both in the everyday speech of native speakers and in the fiction of English-speaking countries.

Exercises with answers

After reading any theoretical material It is advisable to practice the acquired knowledge in practice. One effective method is to do exercises.

Exercise 1

Translate into English, inserting the verb go in the correct form. Keep in mind that some sentences will contain phrasal verbs.

She went for a walk.
I used to go out every evening.
I am interested in music.
Those red gloves don't match that green dress.
I want to go back.

Task 2

Fill in the blanks by substituting go/goes, a verb in the past tense (went) or Present Perfect (has gone):

She... by train. - She's traveling by train.
I wanted to buy this necklace, but the prices ... up. Now it is too expensive for me. - I wanted to buy this necklace, but the prices have increased. Now it's too expensive for me.
He used ... to this school. - He used to go to this school.
You had better...back to your house. - It would be better for you to return home.
The milk... bad. - The milk has gone bad.

Answers 1

She went for a walk.
I used to go out every night.
I go in for music.
The red gloves don't go with that green dress.
I want to go back.

Answers 2

...goes...
...have gone...
...to go...
...go...
...went...

This topic is quite easy to understand. But it is important to bring the use of the verb into automatism. different times, and also master several stable phrases, including them in your vocabulary. Best ways studying is working through the exercises and composing your own sentences with phrases that you intend to remember.