After acquisition suburban area for giving necessarily becomes topical issue about how to build country house ik with your own hands. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived that requires the involvement construction equipment and teams of professionals.
Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make sure that country house became cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.
The optimal material for dacha building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.
Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.
Proe kt of a small country house
The size of the future home largely depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe summer cottage, the number of family members and the material capabilities of the owners. If you plan well, make successful project and choose inexpensive, but quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.
In any case, the first steps are drafting
Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.
The layout of the house may have to be carried out based on requirements that may be established by the board horticultural partnership therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:
- The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
- In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
- So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.
Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.
Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.
For summer cottages mainly projects of one-story houses with closed or open verandas, or terraces are selected. Often the building has attic space, used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.
If the family is large, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, which takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.
Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.
Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.
By the way, if you are planning to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft project.
There are also ready-made options for country houses, which are sold as a set in disassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied detailed instructions, which set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.
For land owner, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything you need to electrical network building, for its ventilation system and even for the installation of water supply.
Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name
What type of house to choose?
Having decided on a rough plan for the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.
- traditional material for country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built in a frame way, from timber or logs. disadvantage wooden buildings consider the material to be highly flammable.
However, wooden houses built always, and many of them stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - precisely the neglect of elementary requirements by people fire safety In the vast majority of cases, it causes a fire.
- The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in summer period, but also, if necessary, in winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process that requires special skills, and high price for materials.
- Very often when building a country house are used different materials. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.
This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus - will become a reliable basis for the house.
It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.
Stages of building a country house
Materials for building a country house
If there is no desire to mess around with calculations, then it is better to purchase a prefabricated model of a house that has a certain area, for which you will only need to prepare a place.
In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.
foundation material
For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:
- sand, gravel, cement;
- third-rate board and timber for formwork;
- brick or concrete blocks;
— waterproofing material(roofing material);
- expanded clay of the middle fraction.
Wall and roof material
Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:
- bars and boards different sizes, depending on the design parameters;
- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;
- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;
- vapor barrier film;
- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;
- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.
After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.
The foundation of a country house
Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.
- Column Foundation It will be a less expensive option, as it will seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help which will also save you some money.
How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.
- For creating strip foundation not only more materials will be required, but also enough long term. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.
However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make basement, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.
If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove upper layer soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large number of dust and has a loose surface.
Expanded clay of fine fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents
To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.
Construction of a frame structure
For a country house optimal choice- frame construction
The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.
- If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
- All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and flame retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.
- After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.
For the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to take high-quality bars for the frame desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of sizes, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.
The table shows optimal dimensions timber for frame house:
- The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements have big size in cross section, they can be additionally fastened with metal brackets.
- When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.
Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.
- The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.
The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.
- Installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.
Then, when the top is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks strapping beam ok, the area with the window opening is fixed to the space left for it.
- All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.
- The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.
- If you plan to sheathe the frame with outside clapboard, then next step host this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and
The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.
Roof construction and roofing
Types of truss systems
A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, going to the construction of the roof, you must have general idea about it, to know which design is better to choose.
Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.
Hanging system
The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation hanging rafters fastened with a tie.
Myself hanging structure consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.
Layered system
The layered system is mounted if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions, which will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.
With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. She's great for attic structures to be used as living quarters.
floor beams
An important structural element - floor beams
The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.
Beams are attached to frame structure walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and additionally they are sometimes fixed on both sides metal corners.
Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of moving along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.
Installation of the truss system
The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:
- First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
- Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
- Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.
The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters
| The maximum allowable length of the rafter leg (in mm) | Rafter spacing (in mm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1100 | 1400 | 1750 | 2100 | |||||
| Section of the rafter leg (in mm) | ||||||||
| bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | |
| up to 3000 | 80×100 | 100 | 80×100 | 130 | 90×100 | 150 | 90×160 | 160 |
| up to 3600 | 80×130 | 130 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 |
| up to 4300 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 | 100×200 | 200 |
| up to 5000 | 80×180 | 180 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - |
| up to 5800 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - | - | - |
| up to 6500 | 100×200 | 200 | 120×220 | 240 | - | - | - | - |
It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.
If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:
If the rafter ends at the edge bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, staples, nails or long self-tapping screws.
If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them ridge beam or a board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.
Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:
For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:
Roofing system
After the rafters and additional elements form the slopes of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.
- The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.
The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.
- The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.
If, however, for covering the roof is chosen soft roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a continuous one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.
- For wooden houses The most commonly used are the following roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
- On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.
Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.
Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.
- Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.
- It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
- Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.
- Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.
- Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.
For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.
By the way, to mount the lining, Moreover, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.
Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.
Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.
Installation of windows and doors
- Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.
Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and around the windows with outer side platbands are installed on the walls, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy general view house.
- The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. So it will be much easier to align the entire structure according to the level in doorway walls.
The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf
Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Is fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.
Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.
Installation and floor insulation
To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.
- To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.
- Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
- From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.
- Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.
- On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.
With the floor - finished!
- Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.
Measures for additional thermal insulation
When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is absent - place the insulation on the inner slopes of the roof.
- First on all the walls and ceiling beams is fixed vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
- After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.
That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.
- After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.
- The next step is wall cladding. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative wall decoration, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.
- Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.
If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.
- In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
- The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing corners with fittings.
Extensions to the house
The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.
If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.
If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.
Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in similar works, will always give useful advice and show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the construction of the house. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.
Video: construction of a country house using frame technology
A suburban area is not only land with a garden and plantings. Many city dwellers come there for a good rest, so you need to have a house on the site. Not all summer residents have the opportunity to build a comfortable house on six acres. Many people get out of this situation by choosing the option of building an economy class house.
Inexperienced and novice summer residents are faced with the question of choosing cheap materials for construction. Below are examples of inexpensive and cozy country houses with visual photos.
Where to start building
Any construction begins with a plan on paper. The country house is not intended for year-round living, but for the sake of comfort, it requires familiarization with a typical project.
Among the projects of country houses in the lead with an attic or attic. This option allows you to abandon the construction on the site of the outbuildings. All inventory and working tools are stored in the attic. In addition to such a house, you can attach a veranda or terrace that acts as a dining room.
Strip foundation requires more time and cost. Positive side its in that it allows the space under the floor to be used as a basement.
The next stage of preparation is the material of the "box" of the future building. There are several types of inexpensive and reliable building materials:
Frame-panel structures
The frame is mounted with a beam and sheathed wooden planks Fiberboard or chipboard. Expanded polystyrene, glass wool or polystyrene are used as insulation. The result is a house with minimal cost which can be used all year round.
The house from a bar differs in the durability. Construction work will cost more. When using cheap timber, there is a chance of encountering the problem of shrinkage of the building. As a result, cracks and gaps appear. The log house will also have to be insulated.
A clay house is the cheapest and easiest construction option. Building materials are right under your feet. The construction technique is similar to clay modeling.
The downside is the building process that is too long in time. It will take several seasons to build a clay dwelling.
The trailer is common among newcomers to summer residents. The best option for living in the summer or during the construction of a comfortable home.
Construction of a frame structure
Frame construction belongs to the category of low-budget. It is not difficult to build a country house with your own hands without the help of specialists. If all the necessary materials are ready, the period of work will last several weeks.
To build a house you will need:
- bars for the frame;
- self-tapping screws and corners;
- wooden chipboard or fiberboard;
- insulation;
- piles for the foundation.
Stages of building a frame house
At the marked places, piles are driven in the corners. Mount concrete or brick supports under the joints of the walls. Then they cover them with waterproofing material and tie them with a channel.
A lattice of bars is laid around the entire perimeter. Placed on top of it wooden logs at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. All parts are fixed with corners and self-tapping screws.
Next, vertical racks are mounted, firmly resting on the bar grate. Finished frame they tie it and put attic logs on top of it. Next up is the framing work. wooden slabs. At this stage, holes are left for windows and doors.
Now you need to decide on the choice of roof for a country house. Most summer residents choose gable and shed roofs. As an economy, the second option deserves more attention. When building a roof, do not forget about the vapor barrier. The roof will be inexpensive sheets of corrugated board or ondulin.
Facing the outside is done using siding. Before this, the outer walls are insulated special materials. Instead of plastic windows install ordinary wooden without double-glazed windows. This approach will significantly reduce the cost of construction.
With the help of simple and simple tips the country house will be ready for operation in less than a month. Those who do not have enough time for construction can contact construction company, where they will offer to build a house for a turnkey cottage at an affordable price.
A few words about the interior
No matter how the house looks from the outside, inside the country house must meet all the requirements of our time. Gone are the days when a cottage in the country was used for cooking and lodging for the night.
Rest in the country - first of all, comfort and organization inside the house. There are many budget ways satisfy the most desired interior solutions.
Country - country style in the interior. Here you can not do without cabinets and shelves, curtained with curtains with embroidery. Crocheted napkins, tablecloths and rugs from old clothes will look good.
Soviet-era blankets and capes on stools are indispensable. In addition to embodying the image of a Russian hut, you can dream up in the style of American culture.
Retro - offers decoration with the help of old dishes, a lampshade, an antique sofa. Retro style cuckoo clocks, patterns with flowers or geometric ornaments are emphasized.
Classic - distinguished by luxury in the interior. To create this style you will need:
- furniture made of expensive materials;
- chandeliers or sconces;
- heavy textile curtains;
- large carpets;
- paintings by famous artists;
- antique items.
Country style - the most common type of interior. Here there is a mixture of all styles, depending on the preferences of the owners.
The classic style of the living room goes well with the rustic kitchen. Retro ideally adjoins the bedroom, on the floor of which lies an oriental carpet.
Dacha is a favorite place for city dwellers for outdoor recreation. The house in the country is the main component of the summer cottage. It is not difficult to build it - the construction market offers many inexpensive materials.
As assistants, you can always turn to friends or neighbors in the area. Among them, most likely, there are homemade masters.
DIY photo of country houses
It is far from always in a summer cottage that it makes sense to build capital house, suitable for living both in summer and in winter time. If the size of the plot is small, and the house itself will be used only for a short rest, then it makes sense to stop at the option of a small, pretty house. In addition to saving finances, this will also significantly speed up construction.
Ways to build country houses
The labor intensity, price and time spent on construction are highly dependent on the material chosen and the size of the house.
The following construction methods can be used:
- brick building. It is used mainly for medium-sized houses, characterized by a fairly large investment of time. For a small house, it makes little sense to use;
- buildings from monolithic concrete - practically not used, especially for small buildings;
- frame construction- can be called a universal technology, used both for the construction of small change houses, and for the construction of large two-story houses;
- country houses from block containers- allow you to completely eliminate the construction stage, you just need to work with metal, cut holes for windows and doors.
Features of the placement of a country house
In relation to the development of the site, one should be guided by such standards as:
- SNiP 30-02-97 - the issues of planning and location of individual buildings were considered, the project of a small country house is being prepared mainly taking into account this document;
- SP 11-106-97 - concerns the legal side of the issue (development, coordination, approval).
When locating a building, fire safety requirements and sanitary and hygienic requirements must be taken into account.
Note! Fire distances should be taken into account only in relation to houses located on different sites.
Fire distances depend on the building material used. So, if the house is built of stone and reinforced concrete, then minimum distance between houses in neighboring areas should be 6 m. But in the case of a frame house using slow-burning building materials, this distance increases to 10.0 m.
As for sanitary and hygienic standards, even a small country house should be located at the right distance, for example, from a cesspool, compost heap, wells, outbuildings, etc. For example, the distance to the toilet should be at least 12.0 m, and to the bath or shower - 8.0 m.
frame construction
Briefly, this technology can be described as follows - a structure frame is created from beams and wooden planks, then the frame is sheathed. After that, only the interior and exterior finishes remain. Moreover, the technology does not change much, regardless of whether it is being built. small house for a summer residence or a large building.
What should be the foundation
Since the load on it will be minimal, even a strip foundation will not be needed. Its role is rather not to perceive a significant load, but to raise the structure above ground level. This must be done in order to protect the tree from decay.
Under small buildings, a columnar foundation can be made not even from concrete or brick columns, and from dug into the ground wooden beams. Of course, the durability of such a structure is lower than that of concrete or brick, but the price of such a foundation is minimal.
Note! In this case, the part of the column located in the ground must be impregnated protective compounds and wrapped in waterproof material.
Installation of the lower trim bars
Small country houses weigh very little, so if the bottom trim is not securely fastened, the building can easily slide off it, for example, in strong winds.
You can go two ways:
- use anchor bolts;
- leave reinforcing outlets in the concrete of the columnar foundation itself. Then in the bar you will need to make a hole equal to the diameter of the reinforcement and simply put the bar on it. The excess metal is simply cut off. This method is useful in that the bars can be easily replaced during repairs, just raise the houses above them.
As for the corners, the bars are connected to each other “in a paw”, there is no point in messing with more complex options. For added strength, both beams are connected wooden dowels. Lags are laid for the floor.
Frame installation
The frame for a small house in the country is made of beams (10x15, 15x15 or 10x10 cm) - installed in the corners, the upper trim is also made from them, wooden planks (4x10 cm) - suitable for logs, rafters and floor beams, as well as wooden planks ( for example, 8x3 cm) - for frame racks.
The installation instructions look like this:
- racks of beams are installed in the corners; for greater strength, they are put on the dowel connecting the beams of the lower harness. Additionally, they can be fixed with metal corners;
- racks can be attached to the bottom trim either only with metal corners, or by complete or incomplete cutting;
- bars top harness give rigidity to the structure;
- floor beams are laid;
- rafter system is mounted;
- frame is being sheathed.
Note! The frame racks are fixed with temporary braces for the construction period, then they are removed and permanent braces are installed.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the roof. Since the load on the truss system will be small, you can use a hanging truss system.
In this case, the load will be transferred to the walls of the house. The crossbar is responsible for the rigidity of the rafter frame.
Container Houses
Ordinary shipping containers can turn into beautiful little summer cottages. At the same time, the size of the building is limited by the size of the container itself; if desired, several containers can be combined at once.
All work in this case is reduced to the transportation of the container and its external and internal decoration. When ennobling an ordinary container, it is enough to simply cut holes in the metal for windows and doors, while metal must be left in the corners, otherwise the rigidity of the structure will be insufficient. If there is a problem with the power supply at the site, then renting a diesel generator for a summer residence will help.
From the inside, you will definitely need to warm the house. This must be done even if accommodation is planned exclusively in warm weather. The fact is that the heat insulator is also a good sound insulator.
The frame for insulation is assembled from wooden blocks, and the space between them is filled with any suitable material, there are no special restrictions. Styrofoam, mineral wool, mineral wool boards, etc. can be used.
Note! The container can easily be stolen, so that this does not happen, it is advisable to weld its lower part to the foundation pillars.
The result is a structure that is quite suitable for living. As for the size, even the smallest country house is quite capable of providing a comfortable overnight stay for 2-4 people, this is quite enough for an average family.
Summarizing
There is a small house in almost every suburban area. Every summer resident can build a small country house with his own hands, and the information in this article will help you decide on optimal technology construction. The focus is on frame technology, as the most promising for solving such problems ().
The video in this article shows the process of building a small country house.
Let's try to calculate how much it costs to build a small country house with your own hands. Such a need, how to build a house for temporary residence, arises quite often, since the number of gardening associations in the country is quite large. Such a small house will serve you as a shelter from the rain, a place to spend the night, a warehouse for storing garden tools, while the cost of its construction is not so high.
House project
Before building beautiful house, it needs to be designed. This will save time and money. If you are able to develop such a project (calculate the type and parameters of the foundation, roof slope, etc.), then you can do it yourself.
Another option is to buy ready-made standard project such a house. (photo small typical houses). It costs much less individual project and there are a lot of options out there.
Sample designs are not immutable. At your request, for example, the dimensions of the walls of the house, the location of the openings, etc. can be changed. Taking into account the characteristics of the soil on your site, the foundation will be adapted, which guarantees the reliability of the structure. Before you build a beautiful house, you can draw up an estimate for its construction, including the quantity and cost of building materials used. Let's make an approximate calculation of how much it will cost to build a house with your own hands.
Foundation calculation
Before you build a beautiful house, you need to decide on the foundation. Its choice and calculation is extremely important, since it depends on whether the building will stand for a long period or its service life is short. The cost of a foundation for a small house can cost you from 15 to 30% of the total amount of the structure being built. For light buildings there are the following types grounds:
- Column Foundation. It is a column of bricks, blocks, asbestos pipes or concrete buried in the ground. They are located at the corners of the future house, at the intersection of walls and partitions, along the walls in increments of 1.5-2.5 m. Before building a small house on such a basis, careful leveling of the site is required. It is arranged on dense, not subject to seasonal heaving soils. The approximate cost of its construction (with a column height of 50 cm): for a house with dimensions of 6x6 is $ 375 (with a column of 25x25 (the smallest possible)) and $ 530 (with a column of 50x50), and with dimensions of 8x8 - $ 470 and $ 700 respectively.
- Strip foundation. This is a reinforced concrete tape. For light buildings on non-fluffy and low-porosity soils, a shallow strip foundation is performed. The depth of its occurrence is from 30 to 70 cm. With many advantages, this type of foundation has a number of disadvantages: high cost, labor intensity, inapplicability in flooded areas. The cost of a shallow strip foundation averages from $ 46 per linear meter. It directly depends on its dimensions: height, length, width.
- pile foundation. This is a set of piles, united at the top with an iron, wooden or reinforced concrete grillage. Driven piles are driven into the ground, screw piles are twisted, drilling piles are installed in wells, poured out of concrete into drilled holes (stuffed piles). This is an ideal foundation for light structures for all types of soils, except for rocky ones. Price running meter this type of base: 30 $.
- slab foundation . It is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab laid on a sand and gravel cushion. It is used on heaving and floating soils. Due to their high cost for light buildings, little is used.
house frame
After tying the foundation with beams (with anchor bolts), the frame of the house is assembled from beams with a section of 100x100, 100x150, 150x150 and fixed with metal corners. They are tied from above, and the floor beams are laid.
Roof rafters, crossbars and struts for it are mounted. The crate is made of boards 100x25 mm with gaps of 20 cm between them. It is laid with ondudilin, metal tile or profiled sheet. The frame of the house is insulated, steam and wind protection is laid and sheathed with a 16 mm board or plywood.
Note! The cost of building a house frame (excluding interior decoration, windows and doors) ranges from $1250 to $3150. Such a spread in prices for a built house is due to the size of the building and the variability of the building materials used.
Frame prefabricated structures
Small standard frame prefabricated houses are on sale. This house is easy to assemble. with my own hands with minimal building skills.
In order to understand how much it costs to build a frame assembly house, consider the cost of houses with dimensions of 5x5 and 7x7 m. The walls are an imitation of timber, the interior decoration is lining. Double glazing. Grooved board floor. Roofing - professional sheet.
- Option 1. Frame house, 5x5 m in size. The price of the structure itself is $ 2930.
- Option 2. Frame house, size 7.2x7.5 m. Construction price - $ 4610.
The assembly of such buildings is paid separately and usually amounts to at least 25% of the total cost of the prefabricated structure. The purpose of this article is not to tell you how to build a beautiful house for a summer cottage, but to guide you in a wide price range for its construction.
Lacking financial resources to attract professional builders armed with special literature and patience, you can independently build a house. In practice, this requires effort, but allows you to save up to half the cost of construction.
Many independent builders offer others to get acquainted with their projects and provide detailed reports, accompanying the process of building a house with detailed photographs.
Features of the layout of the house
By the efforts of two men was built cheap house for permanent residence with attached garage. Initially, the garage was not provided for in the project and was added after the completion of the house.
In general, the project, as the discussion progressed, changed on the advice of other builders and the requests of the wife. Initially, the layout of the house included 6 rooms on two floors.
During construction, it was decided to equip two bathrooms, while on the ground floor the toilet and bath should be separate. The area of the living room and the location of the stairs have also changed. Relative to the initial project, the living room was too narrow and elongated. The stairs were also planned to be uncomfortable and steep. After the changes, these shortcomings are eliminated.
The cost of building a house with your own hands
In May 2010, the father of a small family planned to cheaply build a house with his own hands in the amount of 300 thousand rubles. This amount included the cost not only for materials, but also for connecting gas and electricity. The following expenses were incurred according to the budget:
- Concrete - 20 700.
- Edged and unedged timber - 70,000.
- Styrofoam - 31 200.
- Plywood - 8023.
- Metal profile - 16 200.
- Siding - 22 052.
- Used windows - 4000.
- Nails, screws, etc. — 15,000.
- Delivery of material and excavator services - 5200.
- Septic tank - 10000.
- Plumbing, radiators - 35 660.
- GKL and finishing costs - 21280.
- Design and installation of a gas pipeline, connection fee - 37,000.
- Gas equipment (stove, boiler) - 29,000.
- Electricity connection with materials - 3000.
- Water connection - 2000.
According to the builder himself, a certain number of items on the little things are missing in the estimate. However, this also requires additional costs. It should also be noted that some of the windows were received from friends and did not require financial costs. In total, 327,315 rubles were spent on building a house without trifles. This amount does not include attached garage. He was attached later on a separate estimate. In addition, the construction of the garage required an amount of about 34,000 rubles. Including unspecified costs the house cost no more than 400 thousand rubles.
Installation of a shallow strip foundation
A pre-planned foundation is 35 cm wide and 25 cm above the ground and 20 cm below the ground. A cutting section of 2.5x100 mm was chosen as a reinforcing element. Reinforcement of the tape was planned in 2 layers, top and bottom, three linked sheet cutouts in each.
According to the advice experienced builders vertical elements were added, and the number of linked sheets was increased to 5 pieces. Additionally, the height of the foundation above the ground increased and amounted to 45 cm.
notch reinforcement - you can’t do that! 
After pouring the foundation into concrete, 20 anchor bolts were installed for mounting the lower trim.
Construction of the first floor
Before the installation of the walls of the first floor, a platform was installed and insulated and pipes for sewerage were laid. The bottom of the platform is left open, the insulation is fixed due to the fixed trimmings of the boards. As a platform insulation, 3 layers of foam plastic, 15 cm thick, were used. The draft floor is made of a board 150x50 mm.
The walls were mounted in a horizontal position. Styrofoam was laid between the posts and protection with 8 mm plywood, windows were also installed. The windows in the project were used second-hand. Installation assembled wall in a vertical position was performed by two men. In the construction of the walls, it was decided to abandon the installation of jibs. The builder assumed that the rigidity of the frame would be sufficient due to the plywood sheathing.
After assembling the walls of the first floor, the installation of internal partitions was carried out. Styrofoam was also used as a heater.
The principle of assembling the second floor
After the installation of the piping, a temporary floor was partially laid from unedged boards and a horizontal assembly of the walls and their vertical installation. Second floor windows were also used.
To increase sound insulation in the interfloor ceiling, non-woven cloth was laid on the floor logs under the boards. This allows you to partially dampen the vibration from steps.
Installation of rafters and roofs
At the end of the wall assembly attic floor truss system was installed. The overhangs of the rafters were not lengthened. An inch board was used as a crate. The roof was covered with a profiled sheet 4 m long.
Exterior finish of the building
Siding was used for the exterior of the building. It was mounted with a ventilation gap of 25 mm. Also at the stage exterior finish vestibule extension completed. The foundation for the vestibule was not mounted, the structure was installed on pieces of concrete laid on the ground and sidewalk curbs.
Features of the stairs and its installation
The location of the stairs in the project caused a lot of controversy. Initially, its location suggested excessive emphasis on the attic ceiling. After changing the location and design of the stairs, it was made without a platform with a slight turn.
The staircase is made of boards 50x150 mm, the width of the step is 30 cm. Under the upper span, a place was left for equipping a toilet there. According to personal feelings, the staircase turned out to be comfortable and compact.
Interior decoration of the house
Before the start of finishing the premises, the insulation of the interfloor ceiling and the flooring of the second floor were completed. Felt is nailed between the joists and floor boards to increase the level of sound insulation. This was followed by a rough finish. interior spaces both floors of a cheap house.
The rough finish included three items:
- Installation of fiberboard as a windscreen.
- GVL installation.
- Putty joints and chips GVL.
In the fine finish, staining with a water-based emulsion was mainly used. Living room, kitchen and bedrooms painted in different colors. The floor in the rooms is covered with linoleum, the ceilings are finished with expanded polystyrene tiles.
