Live in own home has significantly more advantages than even the most luxurious apartment. A private house– a place where you are free to do whatever you want. You won't be disturbed here noisy neighbors, who decide to do repairs early in the morning or late. Here you do not run the risk of being flooded or experiencing the inconvenience that apartment residents face. Many people are accustomed to believing that buying a plot of land, much less building a house on it, costs fabulous money. However, with the development modern technologies in construction, the most cheap technology building a house has become several times more affordable. Now we will look main question: where to start, and most importantly, what to build the cheapest house from?

Preparatory stage

The first point that needs to be determined initially is the functionality of the house. What is it for?

If this is a country cottage for seasonal living, then only materials are needed,

if this is a full-fledged home for permanent residence, then completely different.

To decide what kind of house will be, you should thoroughly study the climate and weather region where construction is planned. After all, the choice of building materials directly depends on the temperature conditions throughout the year. A house for regular living must be constantly heated during the cold season, which entails certain financial expenses. Therefore, when choosing a material for a building, you should be guided by thermophysical properties: thermal conductivity and heat capacity, as well as shrinkage.

Each climatic region has its own temperature regime, wind speed and protection class based on the level of thermal insulation properties. Therefore, when choosing a material and calculating the thickness of walls, you need to be guided by two main parameters: coefficient thermal resistance and thermal conductivity.

For each region, its own specially calculated thermal resistance index of the CTS is used. In order to gain clarity on upcoming heating costs, you need to calculate the CTC future design. To do this, the width (δ) of the wall is divided by the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ), which is indicated in technical specifications building material R = δ/λ. The calculated value of heat transfer resistance must correspond to the standard value.

As an example, consider using cellular concrete, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.12 W/m* ºС. Let's take a block 0.3 meters thick and calculate: R = 0.3/ 0.12 = 2.5 W/m2 * ºС. This figure is below the norm and is suitable only for construction in southern regions Russia. A block 0.4 meters wide gives a heat transfer resistance of 0.4/0.12 = 3.3 W/m2 * ºС, which is slightly higher standard indicator and can be used in the construction of buildings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The calculation is relevant only when laying blocks on glue.

The wall thickness corresponding to the best generally accepted standards in terms of energy efficiency can be determined using the same formula, where it will be equal to the product of the heat transfer resistance value and the thermal conductivity coefficient δ = λ x R.

From this it follows that in order to obtain the standard value of resistance λ = 3.2, the wall thickness is from solid wood coniferous species(pine, spruce) will be 0.18 x 3.2 = 0.576 m, from brick 0.81 x 3.2 = 2.592 m, and from concrete 2.04 x 3.2 = 6.528 m. In this case, the mineral wool insulation is thick 140-150 mm corresponds to the standard: 0.045 x 3.2 = 0.14 m.

Therefore, when choosing a material and determining the thickness of the structure, heat transfer resistance and thermal conductivity should be taken into account.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity,

specific heat

and change linear dimensions different for each material.

In addition, when choosing materials for construction inexpensive house, you need to study the market for building materials specific to a given region. Delivery of materials, as a rule, takes up a significant share of their cost.

Now you need to decide on the size of your future home. For example, do you want to build cottage inexpensive or the house will have more floors. What will be the area of ​​the house in relation to the area of ​​your plot?
You can calculate the area of ​​your plot online.

Windows of standard sizes;

Practical layout without frills;

Simple roof;

Available building materials;

Flat small fireplace;

One should also take into account important nuance, if you have small area, then you can choose a simple project two-story house. This solution will be much cheaper than building a one-story large house.

The cost of a future home is determined by three components, on each of which you can save:

• the architectural layout is compact, maximum functionality and comfort and allows you to achieve 20% savings;
• simple constructive solution must be rational and not contain any architectural frills will provide another 10% savings;
• modern materials make it possible to use the latest technologies in construction, allowing you to do the work with your own hands or using a minimum amount of work force from the outside, which ultimately guarantees up to 40% savings.

The optimal solution for a family of 2-3 people is housing consisting of three rooms with total area approximately 50 m2. A suitable option could be a 6x9 house, including: two bedrooms, a living room in the form of a studio, with a kitchen, a combined bathroom and toilet, and small hallway.
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Layout: maximum functionality and comfort

The main principle of space planning is to extract maximum benefit from every square meter of space. In our case, this is the ratio of total and usable space. This house, consisting of three rooms with a total area of ​​54 m2, will fully satisfy your needs for modern housing. Moreover, the ratio of total and usable area (52 m2) is 96.3%.

But over time, you will want to increase its area. This structure is most suitable for transformation. It can be expanded in width and height.

Second option

Important! The construction of the second floor must be thought out in advance in order to lay the appropriate foundation.

Third option, first floor

Third option, second floor

Exterior view of the house, economy option

Exterior of the house after expansion

The key to savings: simplicity of design

Designs should also be approached as simply as possible, without additional frills. When building economically, there are a number of points that need to be taken into account:

• The selected house width of 6 m will allow you to install floor slabs without difficulty. The standard size will not require the construction of an additional load-bearing wall.
• Combining the dining room, kitchen and living room into a modern living room, according to European standards, will save on the absence of walls and doors.
• A sufficient width of the walls will be 30 cm, and heat resistance can be achieved due to the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation material when cladding the house. In this case, the width of the base is reduced to 25 cm.
• It is advisable to make the walls in the house from plasterboard; they do not require a foundation and are easy to install.
• The roof is made gable, without unnecessary frills - this is the most cost-effective design.

Building a cheap house with your own hands is the most economical option

Approximately half of the construction costs are fees for performing the work. When building a cheap house, it is more advisable to do the maximum amount of work with your own hands, without the involvement of hired workers.

Why do you need to purchase only modern material? Its installation technologies are designed for the average person, so construction will not require professional skills from you and will provide an opportunity to save money. One assistant can be recruited as labor. If you do not have free time to build a house with your own hands, hire a team of two people with appropriate qualifications, retaining control over the work.

Another option is to build according to standard designs. Here you do not need to participate in construction; it is enough to accept the finished house into operation, be sure to draw up an acceptance certificate for the work performed, specifying the developer’s warranty obligations.
This 6x9 house is a great version of a two story conversion.

Reviews and disputes: which cheap house is better?

To explain which cheap house is better, we suggest you read the comments we collected from various forums:

Alexander V.

I want to talk about building a cheap house. Moreover, I will touch upon not only the monetary side of the issue, but also the labor-intensive one. We buy modern materials, preferably from a construction hypermarket, where prices are much cheaper. We discard ideas about buildings made from scrap materials (clay, straw, wild stone) as untenable. In the 21st century, we can talk about clay walls and rubble foundations. We're talking about modern housing, not Grandpa Pumpkin's house. We won’t even consider the environmental friendliness of building materials. At the time of the developed world wide web, you can find the most conflicting opinions about any material.
We will not consider hired builders either. This multiplies the estimate by at least two times initially. We carry out the construction ourselves; anyone can do it. The question is the duration of the process.
And so the foundation. When building a house you cannot do without it. The most appropriate and cost-effective is a strip foundation on piles. The task is not difficult. Every 2m we drill piles, the length depends on the soil, and fill in the grillage.
Still, the cheapest construction will be a frame house insulated with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Building a house from brick or sides with cement mortar will increase the cost of the estimate, take a lot of time, and as a result we will get a cold structure that requires insulation.

Bogdan S.

I was going to build a 6x9 house. For two months now, I have been working on a personal project and drawing up a construction estimate. I read smart books, participate in forums on all topics of interest, and watch videos. Now I’ve read it and understand that I have everything as you said: a pile foundation, a frame house, a slate roof. Interior finishing: plasterboard, OSB boards and wallpaper. Of course, plus heating and lighting. One thing I can say is that I am not investing in 10 thousand conditional raccoons. A bit more.

Sergey Zh.

I developed a project for a 50 m2 house for a friend of mine. Nothing special, a budget option, but a home for year-round use. The foundation is solid. Wooden frame house insulated with mineral wool. There is a vapor barrier film on the outside, hardboard on the inside. The roof is slate. Quite a warm building, suitable for winter use. The appearance is not very good. Just covered with vapor barrier. You can subsequently cover it with siding. But the budget is the most modest. An acquaintance spent only 4 thousand USD. True, I built it myself, I didn’t even want to hear about any hired crew.

Looking at my house, I am increasingly convinced that it is unlikely that anything can be built cheaper than a frame house. I insulated the walls, rollers, and roof with 15 cm thick mineral wool. In addition, I built an attic floor. My roof is the simplest gable roof, covered with zerolin. The outside was finished with siding, and the inside was covered with OSB and wallpaper. It cost me the pleasure of $9500.

The frame is the cheapest and warmest, but this does not mean that it is free. Everything is relative. Some friends of mine built a house from sibit. They were happy until winter came. They were frozen through the winter, and now they are deciding how to insulate themselves and what it will cost.

Of course, the main costs are building materials, which we will talk about in more detail.

Modern building materials are the cheapest way to build a house

There is enormous competition in the modern building materials market. Therefore, having made a short walk around the main points of purchase, building materials such as a hypermarket, bazaar or warehouse, it will not be difficult to find the most reasonable price. But different materials differ significantly in price.

The author of the article does not pursue the goal of promoting this or that building material, since the site is not engaged in their sale. The main thing is that a person with a limited budget for construction can become the owner of a good and solid home.

Before reading the various house options, pay attention to Compared to other houses, it is cheap to build.

Cheap brick house?

1. Brick.

As many people know, brick is one of the most durable, but also the heaviest materials. Based on this, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

1. high strength and durability;
2. excellent sound insulation;
3. availability;
4. environmental friendliness.

Flaws:

1. large mass - a solid foundation will be required;
2. insufficient energy saving;
3. difficult to process;
4. long process of building a building.

Modern brick allows you to build a house of any size and design.

Cheap steel structure house

1. Durable steel structures.

Today it is one of the most durable and affordable building materials, which allows you to build reliable structures, houses, etc. in the shortest possible time.

Advantages:

1. affordable price;
2. quick and easy installation;
3. versatility - you can build any structure;
4. Using modern finishing materials you can create a unique exterior.

Flaws:

1. low strength;
2. poor thermal insulation and sound insulation without additional insulating materials.

Durable steel structures today are becoming increasingly popular in the construction of private houses.

Cheap wooden house - is it true?

1. Log or timber

A modern, stylish house made of logs looks amazing, and its high environmental friendliness, strength and thermal insulation make this building material stand out from others.

Advantages:

1. high strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. excellent sound insulation;
4. quick and easy installation;
5. high thermal insulation;
6. easy to process;
7. relatively light weight;
8. amazing appearance.

Flaws:

1. price;
2. the need for additional treatment against pests;
3. fire hazard without special impregnations;
4. low hydraulic stability.

A modern house made of logs or beams is stylish, practical and comfortable.

Favorite: cheap house made of foam concrete

1. Foam concrete is the most profitable material for building a house.

A lightweight building material that surpasses others in its characteristics.

Advantages:

1. quick and easy installation;
2. high load capacity and low weight;
3. high strength over time;
4. excellent sound and heat insulation;
5. light weight;
6. reasonable cost;
7. easy to process;
8. environmental friendliness.

Disadvantages:

1. the first few years after manufacture it has low strength;
2. the porous structure of foam concrete will require additional finishing work;
3. hot in summer.

Foam concrete is the cheapest way to build a house.

We looked at some of the most affordable building materials that can be used to build an inexpensive home. Today they are also widely used: twin blocks, monolith, ceramic stone, etc.

For example, the cost of a one-story frame house with two rooms, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom will cost 600-700 thousand rubles. Thus, the cheapest frame houses can be built for relatively little money.

We also recommend:

Houses made of wood (timber and logs), despite all their advantages, require periodic repairs - this applies to even the most durable buildings built in accordance with all the rules. More than half of the wooden houses in the private sector were inherited by the current owners from previous generations, and have a solid experience of use. But even if the age of the house has exceeded fifty years, it is still a living space, a valuable resource.

Sentimental feelings and the situation on the real estate market do not allow such a building (often having an unpresentable appearance) to be put up for sale. And with the proceeds from the sale of an old house, it is hardly possible to build new housing without additional financial injections. Demolition of a dilapidated house and construction of a new one in its place is an option that, for various reasons, is not suitable for every family. The next logical step is to reconstruct the house.

It won't be long before there are buyers for a house like this. Source: thepattiehouse.com

When is reconstruction needed?

The need for reconstruction (full or partial) is indicated by the following signs:

• Foundation. The base cracks or begins to collapse (and water that regularly gets into the cracks will completely destroy it in a couple of years). If the foundation sags, the caulk (seal) may fall out or the seams between the crowns begin to open up and cracks form. The porch may change position, the entrance doors begin to rub the floor, and the windows are difficult to open. All these signs indicate that the house has acquired an angle of inclination, which only major repairs can straighten.
• Condition of the wood. The appearance of a wooden wall does not always indicate the size of the problem. It is important to assess the condition of not only the upper layers of logs (timber), but also their interior.
• Roof. Almost always in old houses the roof is the source of problems - leaks and dampness in living areas. Rafters and floor beams rot and are damaged by fungus or insects.
• Walls. The lower crowns often rot, and the rest of the wood becomes a breeding ground for mold and wood-boring beetles.

The lower crowns need to be replaced Source kor-san.ru

Reconstruction: where to start

Any owner of an old wooden house wants to figure out what is more profitable - to repair the existing building or build a new one. Deciding whether they need to renovate an old house is based on several factors:

• Finance. Although building a new home is more expensive than a refurbishment operation, major renovations will also require a hefty amount of money.
• Time. It is important to understand by what time all work must be completed (before the start of autumn rains)
• Technical condition of the house. An important parameter that determines the previous points. It is necessary to involve a professional for analysis.

A competent specialist will determine not only the deterioration of the building (which the owners can also do); he will find out:

• reliability of supporting structures and the need to replace them;
• condition of the walls, floor, roof and rafter system;
• quality of engineering communications.

The rafter system has become unusable Source raflon.ru

A professional builder will help you estimate the scope of work; whether the reconstruction will be complete, partial or pointless (when it is worth thinking about building new housing). In any case, the final decision is made taking into account his opinion.

Preparing for reconstruction: problem areas

When inspecting the house, you may find the need to:

• replace the foundation (partially or completely) or strengthen it (eliminate cracks, strengthen the basement);
• replace defective logs (beams) of the bottom row (bottom crown);
• replace wall fragments;
• restore the roof with replacement of rafters and roofing;
• partially repair or completely re-lay the floor;
• partially or completely replace communications (pipes, electrical wiring);
• install a drainage system;
• replace windows and doors.

Longitudinal cracks in the wall of an old house Source remoskop.ru

Typically, during reconstruction:

• wooden elements of the house are impregnated with protective compounds (antiseptic and fire retardant);
• walls (from the inside), floor, roof are insulated;
• the outer surface of the walls is restored (sanded, primed, impregnated with an antiseptic and covered with varnish or paint).

It is important! Very often, during reconstruction work, unexpected problems arise. For example, when replacing a floor, rotten pipes are discovered; when replacing a roof, a lack of insulation is found. No one can foresee this until the final cladding is removed, so you need to be prepared for unforeseen expenses.

Reconstruction: stages

Many owners of old wooden houses have no idea how to change their home. , engaged in repairs and reconstruction, have accumulated extensive experience working with the most dilapidated and neglected buildings. When the reconstruction of a village house is discussed, the project changes its outline more than once.

Project for expanding the area of ​​the house (organization of an extension) Source mebel-go.ru

In any development of events, the restoration of the house goes through several stages:

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of reconstruction and rebuilding of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Project and budget, procurement of materials and preparatory work

When assessing the condition of a home, specialists take the necessary measurements. Afterwards, design documentation is drawn up, which presents:

• condition and defects of structural elements;
• work plan (calculations and estimates);
• terms of work;
• 3D model of the house (a visual way to see changes in the facade, internal redevelopment and style of finishing work).

When reconstructing a house with an increase in area, the wishes of the owners are a priority Source otdelka-fazendi.ru

When preparing technical specifications, the opinion of the owners is taken into account. Home owners can decide:

• increase the area of ​​the house or carry out redevelopment;
• build an extension (for a garage, veranda) or terrace;
• arrange the attic;
• equip a sanitary facility, install water or sewerage;
• add comfort and install a stove or fireplace;
• carry out decorative cladding of the facade (siding, clapboard, imitation timber, block house);
• additionally insulate the house;
• carry out landscape design of the yard.

The company prepares permits for relevant organizations and provides home owners with a detailed budget, including:

• selection of materials and calculation of their quantity and cost (determined by measurements);
• transportation costs;
• cost of repair work;
• possibility of unforeseen expenses.

For significant completion, material is purchased with a reserve Source kor-san.ru

Materials are purchased in volumes that are 5-10% greater than the calculated volume. During preparatory work, elements of the building that require alteration or replacement (roof, walls and internal partitions) are dismantled.

Foundation

Reconstruction of an old wooden house begins from the foundation. The foundation is one of the most common problems of old buildings, since at one time it was made as economically as possible and with technological violations (under the weight of the structure, such a structure sinks deep into the ground). Most often, under “experienced” wooden houses, a strip or column foundation is found, often located above the freezing level. To assess the scope of work, they examine the outer part of the foundation, and, if necessary, dig out the buried part. Sometimes there is no foundation, and the plinth is laid on the ground

The strip foundation is reinforced or a new foundation is poured. To do this, you need to lift the box with jacks, dismantling the floor and cladding. For a columnar foundation, the best solution would be to install additional piles that can redistribute the weight of the structure.

The frame of the house is lifted to gain access to the foundation Source: salvadordali26.ru

Crowns and walls

Half a century ago, when building houses, few people thought about complying with building regulations and installing reliable waterproofing between the foundation and walls. The lower crowns of wooden dwellings easily became saturated with moisture, rotted and gradually became unusable.

Replacement of the crowns is carried out simultaneously with the reconstruction of the foundation, when hanging the box. Logs or beams prepared for replacement are treated with an antiseptic; Waterproofing is installed between the new crowns and the base. When restoring walls, the elements most often in need of replacement are those located around the windows. Also, the upper crowns often suffer from moisture penetrating through the roof and accumulating in the insulation.

Video description

About the partial replacement of the foundation in the following video:

Roof

Roof repair work can be done in two ways:

• Roof reconstruction. A complete remodel is carried out if the owners want to increase the area of ​​the house by planning an extension or an insulated attic.
• Revision. Elements of the roofing system are inspected, destroyed (with traces of rot) are replaced. Most often, the place of leakage is the chimney.

The old slate is replaced with a suitable modern material (which is mainly determined by its weight), and the attic is thermally and waterproofed.

Sanding the outer wall Source kor-san.ru

Exterior decoration

Owners of a wooden house can go in two ways:

• Restoration of wall surfaces. To highlight the natural beauty of wood, modern facing materials are not used. The walls are tidied up using a brush or grinder with a special attachment. The surface, cleaned of dirt and long-term deposits, is impregnated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. Using varnish or paint will reveal the structure of the wood, even out the shades of old and new fragments and additionally protect the surface.
• Finishing work. Finishing a wooden facade (often with insulation) serves as additional protection for the walls, helps retain heat and at the same time transforms the house beyond recognition. Popular finishing materials include siding, plaster, block house, and PVC panels. The walls can be lined with brick, clinker panels, and porcelain tiles.

Cladding a wooden house with clinker panels Source remontik.org

Floor, windows and doors, ceiling

The floor in a wooden house (especially if it is built directly on the ground) is a very vulnerable structure. Depending on the condition, the following is carried out:

• Repair. If the boards and joists are in satisfactory condition (less than 30% damaged), replace the damaged parts of the flooring and carry out hydro- and thermal insulation.
• Replacement. The old wooden flooring is dismantled (if the foundation has been repaired, the floor has already been dismantled) and the joists are replaced. Then a waterproofing film and a layer of thermal insulation (for example, basalt wool) are laid; The logs are covered with a vapor barrier film. A board is laid on top. Sometimes a cement screed is made under the finished floor.

Window and door systems that have become unusable are replaced with new ones; they can be wooden or metal-plastic. Ceiling repair is a necessity if the beams are deformed; Usually new wooden floors are installed.

Video description

About the reconstruction of a wooden house in the following video:

Engineering systems and interior decoration

In old wooden houses, most systems need modernization. Specialists should be invited to replace or install communications (water, gas, sewer, ventilation). Experienced craftsmen will make competent electrical wiring (designed for modern loads and safe) and install an economical heating system.

At the final stage, the kitchen and bathroom are equipped; The final finishing is carried out, on which the style of the interior will depend.

Electrical wiring requires a professional approach Source giropark.ru

Reconstruction: price issue

Even if the old house has worn out physically and morally and is no longer comfortable for the owners, they are in no hurry to demolish it. Modern technologies offered by construction companies will help breathe a second life into your favorite home, with which many memories are associated.

Many owners of old wooden buildings are afraid of everyday inconveniences, the length of work and incalculable material costs. This happens if the reconstruction of a village house is done with your own hands - the process can drag on for years. By ordering reconstruction and rebuilding from professionals, owners save time, money and nerves.

Having many years of experience in repairing wooden houses, specialists will offer several reconstruction options, and then rebuild and improve the house, turning it into a beautiful and comfortable home. The exact price of reconstruction is determined at the design stage and depends on:

• condition of the building;
• the need for certain types of work and their volume;
• prices of materials and cost of work;
• season.

Repair of an old wooden house with reconstruction will allow the owners to stay comfortably Source kor-san.ru

Prices for some services and work (Moscow region):

• Visit to assess the property(includes consultation and measurements) - from 4 thousand rubles.
• Dismantling the old foundation- from 2 thousand rubles. per rm (linear meter).
• Pouring a new foundation- from 8 thousand rubles. per PM (work and materials).
• Foundation reconstruction- from 10 thousand rubles. per pm
• Exterior finishing of the foundation(plaster, cladding) - from 1.6-1.8 thousand rubles. per PM (together with materials).
• Installation of utilities- from 3.5 thousand rubles. per m 2.

The cost of the material is included in the following types of work:

• Increasing living space at home - from 5.3-5.5 thousand rubles. per m 2.
• Veranda extension- 2.7-3 thousand rubles. per m 2
• Roof reconstruction- from 6.4-6.8 thousand rubles. per m 2.
• Chimney installation- from 6.5-6.7 thousand rubles.
• Exterior decoration of the house- from 4 thousand rubles. per m 2.
• Interior decoration of the house- from 9.2-9.5 thousand rubles. per m 2.

Video description

About turning an old house into a new one in the following video:

Ordering in a construction campaign is beneficial for many reasons:

• The owners receive a comprehensive solution to several problems.
• The reconstruction is carried out by highly qualified performers using proven technology.
• Owners are provided with a plan (with deadlines) and a budget.
• All construction work and materials are guaranteed for 3-5 years.
• Many companies provide the opportunity to pay in stages.

Two lives of one house Source remstroy-dom.ru

Conclusion

After 30-40 years of operation, any wooden house requires, if not reconstruction, then thorough repairs. Even if the owners of an old building think that demolition will be the optimal solution to the problem, advice from a person with extensive practical experience will be useful. In fact, it may turn out that there is strong wood under the sloppy and dark top layer, and the reconstruction will take much less time and money than building a new house.

A rustic style home will appeal to almost everyone. Even the combination of words evokes warmth, comfort and the crackling of wood in a Russian stove, next to which it is pleasant to spend an evening in peace and quiet. Creating the interior decoration of a house in a rustic style will not be difficult for owners of country real estate. Such decoration is akin to returning to the roots, to the origins of folk culture. Maybe this is why rural interiors give such a feeling of peace that only happens in childhood. For the same reason, they are so popular among residents of city apartments.

It will be a pleasure to cook in such a kitchen.

The interior of the house is made in Provence style

A wooden house will look beautiful both outside and inside

Modern architects and designers use various materials for construction and decoration. The advantages of wood are:

special aesthetics and practicality;

excellent sound insulation, allowing you to listen to music loudly or watch TV, gather noisy companies without disturbing your neighbors;

excellent thermal insulation. Wood retains heat for a long time; such walls and roof will maintain a comfortable room temperature in the cold winter;

maintaining the same level of humidity.

Wood is the basis of rustic style

The fireplace in the living room will warm you on the coldest days

What determines the choice of interior?

The interior of a country house has certain specifics that distinguish it from the design of city apartments.

Distinctive features of a rural interior

When decorating a house in a rustic style, wicker furniture and elements of artistic forging are often used.

The bright living room will be a great place to relax

You can make a wood stove in the kitchen

Wood goes well with the interior

Main directions in design

The design of a village house inside should meet the main goal - to create an atmosphere of peace and genuine comfort, so you should not decorate your dacha, for example, in a minimalist style. Typically, the design of a house in a village is made based on the cultural characteristics of a particular people. In this case, you can choose any ethnic direction: a wooden house in the Provence style on the banks of the Volga will look just as appropriate as in the French province.

So, the most popular directions in decorating a country estate:

• English village;

  Russian village.

A blue sofa will stand out in the interior

Rustic style is perfect for a garden

Country style design features

Country music creates a warm, calm atmosphere of a country house. Use pastel colors: olive, lavender, sand and others, avoid sharp contrasts. Since textile products are an indispensable attribute of decoration, decorate the living space with napkins, large-checked curtains, and lay a tablecloth with hand-embroidered embroidery. Choose fabrics not synthetic, but cotton, linen or chintz.

Natural and decorative stone or brick are perfect for wall decoration; you can paint them in a single color. Furniture, dishes and decorative elements should be made from natural materials: glass, wood, stone or paper. Upholstery with small flowers is acceptable for sofas and armchairs.

The interior of the house is made in a rustic style

This living room will become your favorite place to relax.

A large modular wall will perfectly complement the living room interior

Interior decoration of a country estate in Provence style

Another name for the style is “French country”; such interiors are perfect for people who are tired of the bustle of the city and dream of immersing themselves in the atmosphere of a leisurely rural life. The walls are most often whitewashed or painted white, decorated with paintings and fresh or artificial flowers. All textile accessories should be made of bright fabrics with floral patterns. Exquisite, thin forged elements are actively used. The floor should be made of planks and painted in a light color or decorated with stone tiles.

A distinctive feature is the large windows, which are not typical for other similar styles due to climatic conditions. For the same reason, in most of Russia, such a solution is not recommended, since the building will cool too much in winter.

Home decor can be decorated with beautiful curtains

A wooden house will last a very long time

Russian rustic style

A historically established characteristic feature of the direction is the active use of wooden materials. The walls, ceiling and floor are covered with boards, the furniture is made from the same material. Chests with traditional designs are often used. In the modern version of the style, rafters and beams are required.

An indispensable element is a Russian stove or a stylization of it; tiled stoves are often made, which in the past were characteristic of the design of palaces and castles, but fit harmoniously into a country house. To decorate the room, you can use towels, knitted toys, rag dolls, potholders (preferably handmade).

A fireplace in the house would be a great idea.

A wooden house looks very practical

A small house can be turned into a living room

Rustic kitchen interior

When finishing and decorating work, it is necessary to take into account that in the past the kitchen was the central place where most family events took place. The remaining rooms were intended for sleeping. Therefore, when decorating, you need to pay close attention to the kitchen space.

If the size of the room allows, place a wooden corner and a dining table made of the same material.

The kitchen needs to be made light: whitewash the ceiling with lime or water-based paint, cover the walls with plain light wallpaper (floral patterns are possible), it is recommended to lay rugs on the floor. To decorate the room, use herbariums or straw figurines; napkins, curtains and potholders made of natural fabrics; hand embroidery will be a wonderful touch.

The bedroom should be bright

You can make a fireplace in the house and warm yourself while sitting in the living room

Country style living room

The design of the living room, in general, is close to the interior decoration of the kitchen: whitewashed ceiling, light wallpaper. Vases or large pots of flowers are often placed on the windows, so the curtains should be up to the middle of the window. An interesting solution would be windows with internal shutters. An important element of the interior decoration of the living room is the fireplace.

Since the key condition of the interior is natural materials, upholstered furniture should be covered with woven cloth. You can lay knitted napkins on bedside tables and tables, and a rug or carpet on the floor.

A wooden house will be very durable

The combination of wood and tiles in the house

The interior of a house in a village usually looks like this

Bedroom decoration

The central design element around which the composition of the room is assembled is a large wooden or wrought-iron bed with a natural mattress (ideally a feather bed) and a large number of pillows of different sizes. For textiles, you should prefer linen or calico in pastel shades with or without a small pattern. Small rugs or rag rugs are placed on the floor.

It is better to choose bedside tables, wardrobes, chairs, a massive chest of drawers or an impressively sized chest, decorated with carvings. The most important condition is good lighting, preferably natural, so there should be a lot of windows in the room.

A wooden wall will retain heat in the most severe frosts

Wood walls look very beautiful

Creating a rustic style is an exciting process in which you can show all your creativity. Any skills will come in handy. The ability to sew, knit and embroider will help you create designer napkins, tablecloths and curtains. Having learned the technique of wood carving, you can make unique pieces of furniture and decor even from old things. Hand-made accessories in this design are more relevant than in any other stylistic direction. Show your imagination, remember your childhood hobbies, and as a result you will get a village house that fully reflects your personality.

Video: How to arrange a house in the village

50 photos of interior ideas for a house in a village:

I built my house under Soviet rule. Then normal conditions were created for the construction of individual houses: local authorities gave free plots of land for “perpetual” use, the state allocated funds for basic building materials, which were intended specifically for sale to individual developers, although, frankly speaking, it was still difficult to get them, especially cement and lumber, but they were much cheaper than now (see below for prices of basic building materials). Therefore, those who wanted, who had a dream and desire to have their own house, and not wait for a free apartment from the state, built it. By the time construction of the house began, we had an apartment, but we also had a dream about our own house outside the city, so I began to get acquainted with catalogs of individual houses, which, like reference books on how to build, were abundant. Not finding anything suitable, I decided to design my house myself. At that time I was working as a designer, so it was not difficult to “draw” the house that I would like to build, taking into account my financial and technical capabilities. Having designed and approved the project in the architectural department, I began to build little by little, first drawing up an approximate estimate for the main building materials.

More interesting days of life began, lasting almost 10 years. I had to study and master a variety of construction professions and do everything with my own hands. But it was new, interesting and even exciting, since sometimes it was necessary to look for non-standard solutions that were not in the reference books.

Perhaps someone will think that it was worth “ruining” so many years of life for this in order to move from an apartment to your own house and, in addition, take on the burden of maintaining it. I won’t argue, this is, as they say, “a matter of taste.” But in any case, it’s better to move yourself in order to be the master of the situation later, and not rely on an “uncle” who does everything wrong and at the wrong time and pay a lot of money for his “services”, as now (in Soviet times this issue was practically never did not stand before anyone: the rent was, when compared with the present time, symbolic, as, indeed, many other things).

An engineer I know, who himself reconstructed an old house, told me that these were “the best years of his life.” Now, remembering that construction past, I can say that he was right.

I am also writing this because the Soviet government spoiled us greatly at one time and we somehow got used to the fact that we could get all the vital benefits for free or at a very low price. And when the “world behind the scenes” promoted the “labeled” into power and a “catastrophe” began, in the words of A. Zinoviev, then, sensing something “fried,” all sorts of Solzhenitsyns multiplied and began to intensively “soar” people’s brains, in particular about that the authorities are robbing us, that for every ruble we earn they give us only 7-11 kopecks, and everything else supposedly goes into the “social redistribution” fund, that we have no “freedom”. Let the authorities give us all the money we have earned, and we will decide for ourselves how to spend it. But since it was impossible to do this in that system, it was then that these sentiments, fueled not only by dissident false propaganda, but also by real sabotage in the food plan, became even more aggravated and intensified, and we believed the demagogues from the “fifth column” "led by Gorbachev, they began to wait for the results of his "perestroika", hoping to get a new, fairer system, instead of the one in which we are "robbed" and are not given "freedom", and therefore did not defend that system, which, as this has now become clear to many; it had to be done.

When Alexander Zinoviev was asked what to do to stop this “catastrophe,” he answered openly and definitely (it was published in Izvestia) that “in 24 hours, as according to the law of war, it doesn’t matter that there is an information war, but It’s still a war - Gorbachev and his entire team of traitors must be hanged.” The people did not listen to the advice of the outstanding logician of our time, the press called him a “hanging philosopher” and everyone calmed down on this, waiting for the results of Gorbachev’s “perestroika”, although another seer of its results - Grigory Klimov - also warned that from degenerates and Jews Those who took up “perestroika” should not expect anything good; their activities can bring so much grief to the peoples of the USSR that “the sky will seem like a sheepskin.” As a result, the people got what they seemed to be striving for, but they never expected that it would be so disgustingly nasty.

Times have now changed dramatically for the worse; now there is no hope for free housing from the state at all, and therefore I believe that building a house on your own, especially for those who are short of money, is a real solution to this problem.

About floors and roofs

View from the garden to the terrace

As I already wrote, in Soviet times, land for building a house was given free of charge and for “eternal use,” but after the collapse of the USSR and with the return of capitalist orders, one had to pay for the land. It’s good that you could pay not with money (after exchanging rubles for crowns, there were simply none left), but with “yellow cards”. These, one might say, are analogues of Chubais’s vouchers, but registered, which did not allow scammers, taking advantage of people’s financial difficulties, to buy them cheaply and profit from it, as was the case in Russia. These “yellow cards” were enough for my wife and I to buy the land for a house (0.12 hectares) and privatize a 3-room apartment. apartment.

I think that the privatization of private property in Estonia took place more honestly than it was in Russia, if you do not take into account the “assessment” of the cost of a year’s labor contribution of 300 crowns for the creation of material assets of the republic, which was recorded in the “yellow card” (these documents were popularly called so because of the yellowish color of the paper on which they were printed) on the basis of length of service, but there was undoubtedly robbery of people when exchanging money.

In this regard, I note that even before the exchange, I tried to withdraw money from the savings book in order to buy some more building materials and plumbing fixtures, but every time I received an answer from the savings bank that there was no money in the savings bank, and when the money exchange campaign was completed, The press reported that the basements of the state bank were filled with rubles and the authorities did not know what to do with them, since Russia was allegedly in no hurry to remove them. Then a way to get rid of them was found, but that’s another topic...

It is clear that the money was not given to investors deliberately in order to preserve unsold goods, and to turn the money accumulated by the people during Soviet times into waste paper. The unequal exchange deprived many people of the funds they had accumulated over many years of work. The people who suffered the most from this “exchange” were the elderly, who, in addition, lost their previous pensions and were forced to live on new meager pensions, having nothing in reserve. The same thing, but in a different version, happened, as is known, in Russia. On this occasion once again - for the umpteenth time! - I express sincere hatred towards the degenerate with the mark of the devil, who began the collapse of the country, whom the people still remember with unkind words and curses for his betrayals, which caused inexhaustible grief and suffering to many millions of people of the former Soviet Union. It is a pity that the people did not listen then to the advice of Alexander Zinoviev - “hang the entire team of traitors” - now there would be no unemployment, no homeless people, no prostitution and all the other “charms” of the misanthropic capitalist system, which the degenerate liberals, these destroyers of national states are called "democracies".

Building a house out of brick and concrete without a simple lift is a dreary task. Therefore, I had to make such a lift myself, with the help of which I lifted not only bricks, but also concrete in a wheelbarrow. The floors and even the roof were concreted using a formless method and quite a lot of concrete was required. It took 18 tons of cement for the house, 12,500 pieces of silicate brick (well masonry), 1,500 pieces of oven brick.

I decided to make the roof of the house with a slope of only 4 degrees. A flat roof is much simpler and cheaper than a pitched roof, and a pitched roof did not quite suit the architecture of my house. In addition, I had developed a design and worked out the technology for manufacturing floors, which I also used for the roof: a reinforced concrete lintel was made in the middle of the house above the ceiling of the second floor, on which one end of a beam from a T-shaped profile welded from two bent corners was laid 100x50x3, shelf down, and the other end of the beam rested on the wall masonry. The beams were laid in 500mm increments, and TEP slabs were laid in between them (the beam and slabs are visible in the photo above). A wire rod grid with a diameter of 8-10mm was welded on top of the plates. cell 100x100mm. and filled with concrete, a layer of 7-8 cm. Then - three layers of roofing material on bitumen mastic and the roof is ready. This is a job for one, no assistants are needed here. Floors and roofs made in this way are very durable, fireproof and cheaper (at least they were) than from lumber.

It is believed that a flat roof is worse to use. In 18 years of living under such a roof, I somehow didn’t notice this. The main thing is to make a convenient internal hole, and throw off the snow 3-4 times (if necessary) during the winter, and coat it with bitumen mastic (preferably with aluminum powder) every two or three years - this is not such a big job and not such a big maintenance expenses. However, everyone decides for himself what is best for him, but I definitely wouldn’t do such a “sophisticated” roof as they are now designing in Russia for cottages.

How much does it cost to build a house?

View of the main facade

The construction of this house, with a total area of ​​200 sq.m., cost me almost 15 thousand rubles. Is this a lot or a little, and was it possible in Soviet times to engage in mass individual construction, taking into account the financial capabilities of the majority of people? I kept my diaries for the entire period of construction, in which I kept track of the receipt and expenditure of money. I took 1984, for example. This was just before the arrival of the “marked one”, who began his “catastrophe”, which is how it ended for most ordinary people.

At that time, I worked as the head of a small technical department with a salary of 290 rubles. For the year it came out to 3480 rubles. Various bonuses and plus payments for implemented innovation proposals - another 1056 rubles. For participation in the implementation of “new technology” - 795 rubles. Total 5331 rub. in year. About the same thing happened in the other years when I was building a house, and I built it, as I already wrote, leisurely, for almost 10 years. So it turns out that during this time, my income, not counting my wife’s earnings, amounted to approximately 53 thousand rubles. I think the question that I know some people had when I was building was, “Zin, where does the money come from?” - disappears.

At the end of construction, we still had 12 thousand rubles left on our book, which turned into dust when we “exchanged” money. This suggests that every extra penny should be invested in real estate, and not trusted in savings banks or banks.

I made this calculation in order to show that in the issue of building personal housing on our own in Soviet times, there were no insoluble problems either financially or in terms of purchasing building materials. I will also note that my salary at that time was small compared to earnings in most blue-collar professions

In the photo above - Roman and I are at the construction site of a house. In the photo below - Roman with his mother. This is his last day at home. He helped his mother dig up the garden and left, never to return. And how do you, reading these lines, think I can relate differently to these vile degenerates in power, constantly distorting people’s lives for the sake of their idiotic self-importance and whims?

This is our entire “construction team”. Missing from the photo is our son, whom the Kremlin degenerates sent to Afghanistan to fulfill “his international duty” there. That’s why I wrote in the introductory part of this site that “God forbid our children, our grandchildren, and our descendants in general, live under the rule of degenerates.” But these are just good wishes. The world is captured by them, they rule it and lead to a global catastrophe. If it’s true, then the only hope is for him.

So it turns out that the cost of 1 sq. m. of the house I built cost me 75 rubles. I recently read that it costs 1 sq.m. in a panel house in the Butovo area is 4.5 thousand dollars. This is 135,000 rubles. for 1 sq.m.! Now let’s assume that your average earnings are 60,000 rubles. This means you can “buy” 0.44 sq.m. area of ​​the apartment in the area of ​​this Butovo. I don’t know, maybe this is some kind of “elite” area, but in elite areas they don’t build panel houses. Now let’s assume that if I didn’t build the house myself, but hired it, then 1 sq.m. area of ​​the house would have cost me twice as much, i.e. at 150 rub. Thus, with my “net” salary (without bonuses, etc.) in Soviet times, I could “buy” 1.93 sq. m. m. This is 4.4 times more than in Butovo. But if we take into account that the space in an individual house is much more expensive than in an apartment building, and even in a panel house, then the “advantages” of capitalism as a system of total profit at the expense of ordinary workers will become even more obvious.

So the question arises again: what were we aiming for? Why the hell did we need this Gorbachev’s “perestroika”? What was he going to “rebuild”? (I read about his “new thinking” - there is nothing in this “thinking” except demagoguery) Wouldn’t it really be better to get rid of these “perestroika”ists, as Alexander Zinoviev advised? Alas! Most people are too gullible, which is what the always dissatisfied pack of degenerate dissidents take advantage of (there are no normal dissidents - according to Klimov), periodically plunging the people into social cataclysms.

About the price of building materials in the USSR

View of the house from the garden

My wife took my idea to build a house with distrust and at first, after I was allocated a plot in the forested park area of ​​the village, although she came to help me with something, it was felt that the distrust of this idea did not leave her. “Do you actually understand what it’s like to build a house yourself?” - she asked me more than once. In general terms, it seemed to me, I understood, although I had never had anything to do with construction.

Summer in the garden

But, when I began to get acquainted with catalogs of designs for individual houses, which indicated the required amount of basic building materials, which was important in order to orient myself on the approximate cost of the house, and then, not finding anything suitable, I began to design my house myself, that’s when and there was a strong confidence - I can do it! Gradually, my confidence was transferred to my wife, and in her I found a reliable assistant in this matter.

In the hall in winter

Let's now look at the cost of basic building materials sold to individual developers in Soviet times:

• Modular silicate brick 28.00 per 1000 pcs. (2.8 kop. piece).
• Kiln brick 53-50 per 1000 pcs.
• Cement R-400 (in bags) 36-00 per 1 ton.
• Slaked lime 6-00 for 1 ton.
• Ruberoid 2-40 per 1 roll.
• Beams of different sections 70-70 (on average) per 1 cubic meter.
• Various edged boards thickness 39-80 (on average) per 1 cubic meter.
• Plywood 3 mm. ABB 1-50 per 1 sq.m.
• Window glass 3 mm. 1-41 per 1 sq.m.
• Mineral wool M-100 (insulated) 12-00 per 1 cubic meter.
• Reinforcing steel d - 12...18 mm. 80-00 for 1 t.
• Various paints, varnishes, enamels 1-20 (on average) per 1 kg.

When I calculated how much money would be required, taking into account transportation costs for all 63 items of materials, components, etc. that I had previously identified, I received an amount of 8436 RUR. It became clear that if you build a house on your own, there will be no shortage of funds. And so it happened. I note that building faster without hiring anyone from outside would still not have worked out. For example, in the first year of construction (clearing the site, making formwork panels, importing materials for the foundation, etc.) I was able to “master” only 500 rubles. I will also note that at the end of construction, 10 years later, we still had 12 thousand left on the book, which soon turned into dust as a result of the “exchange” of money. So real estate is truly the best way to invest money. Besides, no one sees the money in the bank, but the house is here. So for those who are limited in money, I advise them to build slowly on their own. It will be at least twice as cheap. And time will pass anyway. Life goes by unnoticed, and having your own home in old age is a good way to be closer to nature, which means maintaining your health, because sitting on the couch, staring at the TV box, will definitely not give you your own home.

Evening on the terrace

Did I really do everything myself, having no construction experience? Yes all. With the exception of those works where equipment was required: drilling two water intake wells, connecting to external electricity. networks and on-site production of semi-finished sets of door and window blocks (500-). In short, the popular wisdom was completely confirmed: “the eyes scare, but the hands do.”

About the owner of the house and garden

Under the apple tree in your garden

I met my future wife completely by accident. At that time, I was studying at the evening department of the Polytechnic Institute, and in order to make the combination of work and study a little easier, I left the factory and got a job as a driver in a motor depot driving a small van. I took textbooks with me and studied during forced downtime. One day I was assigned to deliver food to one canteen. A young girl came (photo below) and we went to the warehouse. There, while taking out a box, she stumbled and began to fall from the box. I picked it up. And since then, she and I have been together for 48 years.

This girl fell on me, which I caught and realized that it would last for a long time

The uncertainty of the prospects for getting an apartment in Tallinn and the birth of our son prompted my wife and I to decide to move to live and work in a village not far from the city, where, as a specialist, I was immediately given an apartment in a new building. But the decision to lose our city registration was still not easy for us, since we knew well that returning back to the city would be extremely difficult, therefore, before deciding to do this, we went to this village several times, got to know both the village itself and with its surroundings. Surely, such a procedure with registration, which existed in Soviet times, will seem barbaric to some of the “democrats”, infringing on “human rights,” but one thing is clear: if this procedure existed in Russia at the present time, then the settlement of Russian cities foreigners at the rate that is happening now would be practically impossible. (For the fact that even Moscow is now difficult to call a Russian city, see.)

We are returning home from the beach

In the village with my mother-in-law: we went to Pechery to buy bread

Many years have passed since we moved to live in the village, but we have never regretted it. There is hardly any need to describe the advantages of life in the countryside compared to life in the city - they are well known. But, as they say, “there is no accounting for tastes.” However, I note that if you decide to build a house in the village, then it is better to live there, not far from the construction site. It is clear that this will significantly facilitate the construction process and reduce travel time. For example, I built my house only 7 km away. from the place of residence and 50 km. from the city, which was very convenient.

My Madonna

Before retiring, the wife had to work in the social service of the volost administration. This is how I captured her, returning from work, in the photo above. There is a slightly noticeable smile on her face, although her work cannot be called easy or pleasant. People, as a rule, turn to a social worker with their problems or grief, and for her, the power of a degenerate with the “mark of the devil” caused such hopeless grief that she probably will not get rid of for the rest of her days.

Having once been a member of the council of the All-Union Society of Families of Military Personnel Killed in Afghanistan, I know first-hand what terrible grief was caused by the Kremlin degenerates who started the Afghan war to the mothers of their sons who died in Afghanistan. I posted a few lines from their letters.

Well, what did Gorbachev’s “perestroika” give to ordinary people? Has she made their lives any better? I think that the criminality and senselessness of this act of the Kremlin traitors led by Gorbachev is now so obvious that only idiots and scoundrels who destroyed a great country and plundered Russia can rejoice at it. This is my personal opinion. I have not read or heard from anyone who could, without demagoguery and lies, present at least some logically irrefutable arguments in defense of this greatest political scoundrel of Gorbachev and his henchmen.

Working as a social worker at the volost government, my wife told me how a young, lonely woman was dying in her apartment, because the doctors simply kicked her out of the hospital due to the fact that she was sick with tuberculosis, which was not treated there, and there was a tuberculosis dispensary and sanatoriums for tuberculosis patients , which existed during Soviet times, were liquidated. The situation was not the best after the abolition of the system of local therapists - the main link in Soviet healthcare - and the introduction instead of the institution of “family doctors”, the main concern of most of whom was not the treatment of patients, but the desire for more money, which the health insurance fund allocates to them , leave it in your pocket. Aren’t these clear examples of the consequences of Gorbachev’s “perestroika”? And how many lives and destinies were ruined due to the betrayals of this degenerate in all countries of the former USSR!?

The degenerates who climbed or, like Gorbachev, were brought to the pinnacle of power to destroy the USSR, have never and will not allow people to live in peace. Well, really, did the people really need the Afghan war they started, the “catastrophe”, the collapse of the USSR, the Chechen war? People must learn to recognize them and not allow them to the highest power, stop electing them to any power structures. To paraphrase B. Didenko from his book “Predatory Power,” we can say that “vile degenerates” (according to G. Klimov), penetrating into power, “gradually or immediately begin to remake everything in their zoopsychological way,” thereby plunging people into social disasters.

G.P. Klimov said about them even more definitely: “These people are like weapons of mass destruction.” It is not clear why people, like zombies, continue to constantly vote for them in elections?

I'M SORRY THAT THERE IS NO USSR. But he will return...

I began my working life, one might say, at the age of 13, entering a vocational school. They didn’t take me, I was a year younger. My mother went to the party organizer of the plant where she worked, and I was accepted.

In Soviet times, party organizations had real power locally, and this power, no matter what they say or write about it now, was essentially people’s power. Now, judging by the publications, the real power in Russia at the local level is held by corrupt officials and such power can no longer be called “people’s”. Lenin, assessing the local bureaucracy with its local influence on the life of the common people, wrote that it “is the worst mediastinum between the central government and the people.” It seems that they have returned to what they once managed to escape from with such difficulty.

So, in the fall of 1945, I was accepted into RU No. 2, where in two years of study we, artisans, were supposed to receive the appropriate profession, as well as a seven-year school education. My mother signed me up to be a turner. I didn’t know what it was and thought that it had something to do with electricity, which I didn’t want, remembering how, when I was six years old, I stuck my finger into a socket that didn’t have a light bulb in it, and I got a big jolt.

The school was just being organized. Its administration, teachers and industrial training masters were mainly demobilized military personnel who had returned from the war. We boys were recruited all over the area. There were among us who were sent to study by my mother, like me (the majority of them), there were children from orphanages, but there were also those who simply wanted to loaf around without studying anywhere. In Soviet times, even during the war, such a number did not pass. I remember when I didn’t go to school for three weeks - there was nothing to do, my mother was called to the commission and the issue was resolved.

The school building, in which the classrooms and dormitory were located, was intact, but the workshop where we were supposed to undergo practical training was destroyed. Therefore, for the first two days we were busy using hammers to chop broken bricks onto crushed stone. The master came up to me and asked: “Why are you barefoot? I know you got boots.” I actually received American yellow boots for humanitarian aid, but how could I show up in them when everyone else also came barefoot or wearing foot guards. I didn’t even go out into the village wearing them, fearing the ridicule of the boys. But one day, in inclement weather, I still took the risk of putting them on. Imagine my joy when I saw that my boots, having dried, somehow shrank, and the soles began to flake. How was I supposed to know that walking in them was only possible in dry weather.

They brought uniforms and dressed us in uniform. When I left the house in this uniform for the first time, a woman who lived next door called out to me: “Come on, turn around! Let me look at you! How they dressed you up! Do you know the name of our country? SOVIET UNION!"

I remembered the words of this young woman, who was mobilized during the war to work in peat mining, which was located next to the village where my mother and I were evacuated from Peterhof at the beginning of the war. In the village they were called "peat". During the war, peat was a strategic raw material - it was used to make coke, which was used to power locomotives close to the front. I remembered her words because they conveyed sincere pride in our country, which was passed on to me.

Classes began on the special technology of turning, and when three weeks later we were brought to practical training, we did not recognize the workshop in which bricks had recently been chopped into crushed stone for concrete - it was not only completely repaired and whitewashed, but there were already lathes in it . Even though these were old machines driven by a transmission, they were machines that could be used to train.

I am still amazed at how quickly the country recovered from the devastation of war. And no matter what nasty things people say about Stalin now, he was a GREAT man who knew how to lead a huge country.

This is how we were in the winter of '45. I am on the left, Tolka Shirokov is standing, on the right is the head of the group Repkin. It was his duty to distribute rations of bread in the dining room, and we vied with each other shouting: “Headman, I want a piece of bread!” The food was meager (I remember they sang: “tea in the morning, tea at lunch, tea in the evening”), but we were not hungry. They “traveled” on bread, of which they received 700 g, but still this was not enough. So they asked the headman for a small piece of bread - the ration seemed larger.

This is the first photo of mine that I bought with my own money. Not only were we clothed, given shoes, fed and trained, but 30% of what we earned was given in cash. It was a good incentive for us boys to try to study and work well and have pocket money.

Our industrial training master was a former naval officer who probably worked as a turner before the war. He wore a naval uniform and a midshipman's uniform, which he never parted with. I liked this headdress so much that on my first payday, already working at a machine plant in Tallinn, I bought it and took a photo (see photo below).

I remember my first job on a lathe. They brought a box with forgings of teeth for harrows. It was necessary to grind the non-pointed end of the tooth to a certain diameter and length. At the end of the “shift” the foreman lined us up and began to check the work. He came up to me, measured my “part” and asked: “What did you measure with?” I showed him the calipers and ruler. There weren’t enough calipers for everyone, and I, apparently not tall enough to have such a measuring tool, was given a ruler with calipers. The master praised me and shook my hand before the formation. It turned out that my “parts” were turned more precisely than those of some of those who were given calipers - more accurate measuring instruments. Such actions of teachers are remembered by teenagers for the rest of their lives.

Of the teachers, I remember best the physics teacher. They said that he and his family were evacuated from besieged Leningrad, where before the war he taught at some university. The boys called him Victor-Fau with great respect among themselves. Probably for those physical “tricks” that he showed us in his lessons or in the circle that he taught during extracurricular hours, using devices that we made under his leadership. I remember how much joy it brought me to the motor that I managed to make with his hint, which was driven by a flat flashlight battery.

When we were given new notebooks in the first physics lesson (in 1942, while studying at school, we had to write on pieces of wrapping paper, on which the ink blurred, and in the classrooms it was so cold that we sat dressed, and sometimes, arriving in class , we could not write - the ink turned out to be frozen in non-spill inkwells). We signed our new notebooks, completed the task and submitted it for testing. At the end of the lesson, the teacher came up to me and quietly said that my name should be written with two “en”. I objected, referring to the certificate of completion of 4th grade, where my name was written with one “en”. He didn’t answer, but at the next lesson he brought a small book with names and showed it to me. Since then, I began to write my name without error. I also remember the case when he gave me an A plus for a test, which even the political officer (that’s what we called our “main” teacher) became aware of. And although I, as a village resident, did not live in the hostel, which was under his supervision, it was still pleasant.

Two years of studying at a vocational school passed unnoticed, but I remember them better than subsequent studies at evening school or at a polytechnic institute. I somehow thought: why? And I came to the conclusion that it was not youth that played its role in this, when everything is perceived more sharply and seems significant, but that Stalin era, that general enthusiasm of the people that reigned in the country then, which gradually began to disappear after Stalin’s death. And there was nothing in that popular enthusiasm that was mixed with some kind of “fear,” which dishonest scribblers and demagogues love to lie about. And there were no “repressions”; if someone was imprisoned, then they did it. It’s just that there was order in the country and people had confidence in the future, and the people were grateful to Stalin for this.

I remember such an incident. For some reason, at the factory where my mother worked, the payment of wages was delayed. People gathered. Suddenly a cheerful man appeared and began to joke: “What, you’re still standing there, but there’s a cloud over the plant, hell, not a payday.” Someone shushed him, someone laughed, but he continued to make fun of him. It is unlikely that he would have done this if he had known that for this he could “ring to the fanfare.” And this was the most difficult year of 1942.

Or here’s another iconic example. The “great Russian writer” Solzhenitsyn, while an officer at the front, wrote and sent out “directives” to his friends to eliminate Stalin. Why wasn’t he shot for this, but sent to the Gulag? Yes, because they shot the real enemies of the people, and not those who had been touched in the head, as he pretended to be, in order, as I think, to “get away” from the front, where they could inadvertently be killed. He should have been grateful to the Soviet government for the humanism shown to him, but he began to write libelous, deceitful little books about it.

So, we have received a certificate of completion of a vocational school in the profession of a 5th category universal turner, we have received a referral to a machine plant in Tallinn, we are leaving tomorrow. And today is a photo of the last day at school. From left to right: Kryzhov, Shirokov, Dyachkov and me. For our studies and for the profession we acquired, we have to work for two years where we were assigned, and then - choose where you want. This is not such a big “price” for the funds spent on us by the state.

In June 1948, we, 100 artisans, arrived at the Tallinn Machine Plant, which at that time produced equipment for the oil industry, including drilling derricks, one of which was assembled and stood in the courtyard of the plant, which we boys climbed with pleasure , which forced the plant administration to quickly dismantle it.

I was assigned to the instrumental section. Master Tulmen, probably taking into account my small stature (this was due to a hungry “military” childhood), gave me a small and also loose machine, and since my rather high rank raised doubts in him, he decided to check it out, instructing me to grind a plug- caliber. It was not easy to do this on such a machine; I had to increase the finishing allowance and work with a file. He didn’t give me any more checks, but gave me work taking into account the wear and tear of the machine.

We worked in the workshop together with German prisoners of war. I did not see them being brought to the plant under escort. They had nowhere to run anyway, and there was no point: in the fall of 1948 they were sent to Germany. I saw how they walked to the station in formation without an escort.

This is my first photo taken in Tallinn. I was not yet 16, but I already had a good profession and had a desire to study further. Little by little, with the help of the guys who worked on milling machines, I mastered the milling business, and at the DOSAAF school I learned to be a driver. It was difficult to go to evening school after work, so I bought textbooks and started self-studying. As a result, it turned out that in the 8th grade I did not study at all, I went to the 9th grade somehow, but I completed the 10th grade completely and even received a log ruler as a reward for my performance. Now the road to college was open to me. I want to emphasize again and again that all this, which is so necessary for a person in life, was given by the Soviet government absolutely free of charge. Therefore, I often wonder: why the hell was this “perestroika” needed?

I remember the last years of the Stalin era for the annual price reductions and a fairly large assortment of products in stores. Moreover, their quality was incomparably higher than now. The degradation of the country and society began, in my opinion, with Khrushchev coming to power, which ended in the destruction of a great country. It was he who, in his “closed” report at the 20th Congress, was the first to lie about Stalin, which sent a signal to other bastards offended by the Soviet regime. Only in our time, having become interested in Khrushchev’s report, the American historian Grover Farrah, having analyzed this report on the basis of archival data, came to the conclusion that everything Khrushchev said was a lie.

“The more facts about Stalin and his era you learn, the more grandiose the figure of this Great Genius emerges. For me today, the attitude towards Stalin is a criterion of intelligence and honesty: an anti-Stalinist is either an illiterate fool or a scoundrel. There is no third".

When entering the Tallinn Polytechnic Institute, I chose the specialty “automation and telemechanics”, but, as it turned out later, I missed the mark. The fact is that the institute with this specialty “ran ahead” - it turned out to be unclaimed at Tallinn enterprises. There was even this joke:
A young specialist comes to the plant’s HR department and asks:
- Do you need an automation engineer?
- No.
- What about telemechanics?
- Especially.

Unfortunately, only four of our entire group of TPI evening students were able to submit their theses on time and “reach” an engineering diploma

I took these two photos on the day when we, having received our engineering degrees, decided to celebrate this event with our wives (bachelor Silin on the far left) in a restaurant on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. There are only four of us left from a group of 30 people (three more for the “autumn”). Alas, although the Soviet government provided the opportunity to study for free, it was not easy to work and study at the institute. In any undertaking - studying or building a house - you need perseverance.

After graduating from college and going to work at the OMA (Department of Mechanization and Automation) of the Volta plant, I had to retrain as a designer. But I carried out my design work together with electrical automation, which I tried to use wherever possible. The boss liked this because previously he had to go to the chief power engineer's department and order the design of the electrical part of the project there. Therefore, when I decided to leave the city to solve my housing problem, he dragged me to the director of the plant. However, the option offered to me did not completely suit me and my husband, and therefore we decided to say goodbye to the city registration and go to where we were given an apartment, especially since it was not far from the city.

Having started building a house, I began to think about how to secure my financial situation so as not to infringe on family expenses. I decided to do rationalization work. The business was a success. I not only submitted rationalization proposals, but also developed, during off-hours, the drawings necessary for their implementation. I was paid both for the design proposal and for the drawings. As a result of this work, over 10 years of using my rationalization proposals, more than 2 million rubles were saved in material resources, for which I was awarded the title of “Honored Innovator.” But, unfortunately, the money “exchange” (more precisely, deception), as I wrote, turned all our savings into dust. Once again “thank you” to the tagged one for his “perestroika”...

Someone wrote that Gorbachev, for his betrayals, should have kneeled in front of the mausoleum and shot himself. But the fact is that most degenerates have no conscience. They cannot worry about their actions. They also do not understand the meaning of the word “honor”. It is these qualities that serve as their ticket to power.

The USSR was destroyed by traitors and enemies of the people. “This country has been slandered and slandered as the “Evil Empire.” This power has been betrayed, shot and plundered by Judas marauders. The truth about the great Soviet era has been trampled down and burned out of the people’s memory for twenty years now. But, like the legendary city of Kitezh, hidden from enemies on the bottom of the lake and revealing itself with beautiful visions and the ringing of bells - the USSR is waiting in the wings under the thickness of time, and its eternal call is heard by anyone who has retained a living soul and conscience. Because “there was no other society in world history where the ideas of Goodness, Reason and Humanity were realized as fully as in the Soviet Union, and the humanistic principle “man is friend, comrade and brother to man” became the constitutional norm of social existence. Let it not be very long. But it was!..”

“This power has sunk into eternity, like the legendary Atlantis. The death of this great civilization became a tragedy on a planetary scale, comparable only to the fall of the Roman Empire. This country was not just destroyed and plundered by enemies, but posthumously slandered, dishonored, drowned in mud. However, the further we go from the Soviet era, the simpler truth becomes all the more obvious: the USSR was not an evil Empire, but a lost paradise of a bright past. Today's youth find it difficult to believe that this is even possible - free medicine and education, the crime rate is tens of times lower than in the modern Russian Federation, enormous authority in the international arena, backed by phenomenal economic and military power, advanced science and industry, and most importantly - the self-respect of the Soviet man, pride in his country, awareness of himself as a citizen not of a "raw materials appendage" of the West, but of a leading superpower. For twenty years now we have been eating away and we are squandering this great inheritance (the current Russian Federation still exists only thanks to the enormous reserves left over from the Soviet era) - and still have not exhausted it to the bottom. And if this huge reserve was used not to enrich a bunch of Judas and thieves, but for a new breakthrough into the future - what heights, what power would our Motherland reach today? We will never know the answer to this question, but one thing is clear: a quarter of a century ago we were much closer to a decent life and a bright future than we are now.”

Our daughter with the “pagan” name Svetlana

Calling our daughter the name Svetlana, we could not even imagine that this is one of the few “pagan” names that was preserved during the Christianization of Rus' and inherited to us, modern Russians, from our distant ancestors of the Slavic-Aryans. Wikipedia says the following about this name: “It was invented and first used by A.Kh. Vostokov in the romance “Svetlana and Mstislav” (1802).” But I found this name in the list of ancient Slavic names along with such names as Lada, Bereginya, etc. and I think that it was simply “forgotten” (and then “invented”), like many “pagan” things, and therefore was missing in the priestly calendar, from which the priests often chose names of Jewish origin - Ivana, Mary - at the baptism of the Slavs.

So, I remembered about Bereginya:
The lake moaned and screamed,
The oak groves rushed about in horror.
The smoke from the fire was billowing crimson.
They burned Bereginya. Rus' was silent...
Zlata Bagryana

Yes, Rus' was not silent! She fought right up to the 18th century. But the forces were not equal. The authorities needed slaves and they supported Christ-bearers with law and force. How many of these Beregins were burned by Jewish fanatics and God-bearers, and now they are again trying to teach children morality in schools...

Although everything is fine in Svetlana’s life, my wife and I are still worried about her future and the future of her children - our grandchildren.

A team of degenerate traitors led by Gorbachev destroyed the reliable system of our country, living in which everyone was confident in their future, in their future and the future of their children. Now everything has changed too dramatically for the worse. I will not list everything that we had under Soviet rule and what we are deprived of now. The older generation knows this very well. It is a lie that the Soviet economic system has supposedly outlived its usefulness and began to “degrade.” Those who managed this system after March 1985 degenerated. The pack of traitors led by Gorbachev is to blame, not the system. The West was not concerned about the military power of the Soviet Union, but about its economic successes, as M. Thatcher admitted, which even during the times of “stagnation” were higher than in the West.

The disgusting system of capitalism created as a result of the coup no longer gives people even the slightest confidence in the future. This, in my opinion, is the main reason for the extinction of the population of Russia, mainly Russians. Now, when many have come to their senses and realized where the degenerates who call themselves liberals have led them, they began to write and say that capitalism is not suitable for Russia, that from time immemorial Russia has been a country with a communal way of life. But this is essentially what the Soviet system was like. Yes, the social redistribution fund gave rise to leveling, but it was a much less evil than the current unemployment, homelessness, poverty, banditry, prostitution, etc. along with the incredible wealth and luxury of a few who stole the property of the people, seized the power and natural resources of the country.

To confirm what has been said about the destruction of the Soviet system specially planned in the West with the help of Gorbachev, Yeltsin and its other internal enemies, I will cite the opinion of the outstanding logician of our time A.A. Zinoviev:

“We must first of all objectively, scientifically, mercilessly understand what we had before the coup, what the communist system actually was - no one knows. And then they distorted it, and now they are still throwing mud at it. Explain that it was actually revolutionary breakthrough that it is a social system and The country has achieved colossal successes only thanks to this social system- after all, no one will listen to this now. This means that it is necessary to explain exactly why the country collapsed, why the counter-revolution occurred. Directly, without any doubt, among the authors of the collapse we need to name such as the idiocy of the top management, the factor of betrayal, that a fifth column was created, and it was headed by Gorbachev himself, then Yeltsin that they actually surrendered the country without a fight."

“The system in which we live today has developed according to the type of destruction. They defeated by force the Soviet system, which was viable. But she was hit in the most vulnerable places - both from the outside and from the inside, by the forces of the “fifth column” and traitors. And they were given to the looters as a reward for destruction. The political sphere was given to political marauders, the economy was given to economic marauders, and the mental sphere was captured by ideological marauders. How to rob a country, how to control it so that the owners are happy - they know how to do this. But to raise the country essentially - this requires scientific understanding, this is a different level of thinking in general."

It should be noted that this was written not by a communist, but by a dissident who spent many years in exile, but as a logician realized that the problem was not in the Soviet system, which, according to him, there was nothing better in the world, but the people who did not have it were to blame knew and who did not know how to manage it.

About grandson Dima and the degradation of modern culture

In the photo, our grandson Dima is in a ballet class with his ballet dance teacher Tamara Andreevna. Unfortunately, after studying at ballet school for 5 years, he and two other boys from his class decided to leave school. No arguments from either his mother or grandmother could convince him to stay. His main “argument” baffled us adults: “Who will support my family?” The guys realized that becoming a leading dancer is not so easy, and you can’t earn much to “stand by the water” (Swan Lake), that even the leading ballerina of the theater is forced to work part-time in a company. And besides the low salary, ballet dancing is also hard work. They felt and understood all this, and decided to part with the ballet school. Of course, we can say that they did not have a true calling, a true love for this art, when the material side of the issue does not play a decisive role. It is likely that this was the case. But! You can’t discount that art is art, but everyone wants to get settled in this life and live with dignity, and everyone strives for this as best they can. Now he is studying to become a programmer...

This small episode from the private life of three teenagers, three failed ballet dancers, leads to sad thoughts: true culture and true art slowly but persistently continue to degrade. Their place is taken by pseudo-culture and pseudo-art in the form of all kinds of entertainment shows, pop music, etc. Evgeniy Batrakov wrote well about all this in his book “Culturalism of Lucifer’s Servants.”

The front door is an invitation to enter

One architect I know said that the entrance to a house “should invite entry.” I don’t know whether I succeeded or not, but I took the advice into account and tried to implement it.

A little about the construction of the walls. I used the well construction of the walls as an economical one, the walls of which have low thermal conductivity. Such walls are also called Gerard-type walls. Well masonry allows you to make them 38 cm thick, but using ties between the outer and inner rows of bricks made of galvanized wire dia. 4 mm or steel strip 1.5 x 20 mm. in increments of 500 mm. and with the same step in masonry height. In the resulting cavity 14 cm wide, slag wool is laid in two layers (or other heat-insulating material) and a layer of roofing felt or roofing felt to the outer row of the masonry. This wall design retains heat well and is impermeable even without external plaster.

Path from the gate to the house

They say that every house has its own brownie. Since we didn’t really have to deal with this creature - and thank God - we decided, just in case, to have one like this, so that a real brownie - if he suddenly appeared - would think that his place in our house had already been taken by someone curiously peeking behind his entrance gate brother.

Walking around the garden

Nature has decreed that basically only weeds do not require care, although there are many valuable medicinal plants, for example, “Russian ginseng” - a celandine that grows on its own, but the so-called “cultivated plants” require a lot of work from those who "connects" with them. Therefore, to be honest, I try not to get into this area - this is my wife’s sphere of activity, which is what she is doing in this photo.

Tulips, daisies, pansies

“The favorite flower crops in our gardens include daisies, represented by many different varieties: large, low-growing, double.
Small, bright flowers scattered across the green carpet are very reminiscent of the beads of a necklace that fell from the neck of some beauty. And indeed, the countless little daisy flowers seem like little pearls.”

It has been accurately noted: on the lawn, especially on a recently mowed one, they suddenly appear and look like scattered pearls.

“The name of the flower tulip comes from the Persian word turban, turban and is given for the shape of the flower. The genus includes about 140 species of herbaceous perennial bulbous plants that grow in Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Tulips are quite unpretentious plants and can tolerate any garden soil and location, but in this case you should not expect any special effect from them during flowering."

Pansies are sophisticated, their petals are tremulous, and the gentle transitions of color simply enchant with the charm of perfection.

"Broken Heart" and the tale about it

“Dicentra was once very popular among flower growers, who gave this plant the name “broken heart.” Over time, it gave way to other garden flowers that have become fashionable. Now its time has come again, and along with the long-known rose bushes, the form has appeared in gardens with white “hearts.” Not every plant would be called “magnificent” by a person, but dicentra fully justifies it.”

“And in France there is a legend according to which the dicentra is called Jeannette’s flower. A young girl went into the forest to pick berries and got lost. Having lost her way, she followed quite a few forest paths until the sun began to hide in the dense crowns of trees. It was getting dark. Jeannette was completely was in despair when a young and handsome horseman appeared right in front of her. He quickly picked her up, all in tears, onto his horse and galloped out of the forest. All the way home, Jeannette pressed herself against the horseman's chest, escaping from thoughts of the impending threat. Once at home, She kissed her savior deeply and could not stop it for a long time. A lot of time passed, and the image of the beautiful horseman did not leave her thoughts. Jeanette realized that she was looking forward to meeting him, her heart told her that she should see him again. One morning a wedding party was passing through the village cortege, people went out of the house onto the street to greet the newlyweds. When Jeannette came closer, she saw her savior in the couple next to a happy, pretty girl. Jeannette’s heart could not stand it, broke and turned into a dicentra flower. Now among the French, the flower symbolizes the pain caused by love."

Callas - a luxurious and noble flower

“Today, a variety of feces are grown by experienced gardeners and amateur flower growers as a very decorative and very original garden or indoor plant. Indeed, the beauty of feces is noble, restrained and luxurious.

All feces are classified by botanists as belonging to the Araceae family. Along with other representatives of this family, callas have a special and very characteristic inflorescence shape. That honor of the kala plant, which many may unknowingly call a flower, is not actually the inflorescence of the kala. The true inflorescence of feces is a kind of so-called covering leaf that wraps itself in a “cob”, which, in fact, is the flower itself, which, by the way, is very fragrant.

In nature, most species of kala grow in the swampy areas of South Africa, but the so-called whitewing, which also belongs to this type of plant, is found in Europe, modern Russia and Belarus."

My wife doesn’t plant kale in the garden; in the summer she grows them in the soil of a wall-mounted greenhouse, and in the winter she transplants them into pots and moves them into the hall. The flower is really some kind of “noble” or something, in short - it looks impressive, especially in the winter in the hall.

Lily-martagon "Lilith" - a masterpiece of flower growers

"Martagon lily "Lilith". A masterpiece created by breeder V. G. Otroshko. Martagon hybrids are difficult to propagate and are rare."

Park rose is unpretentious and not afraid of frost

“The park rose is unpretentious, requires little or no pruning, is not afraid of frost, but requires sufficient space in the garden - park roses, as a rule, have rather voluminous bushes.”

This park rose bush has been growing in our corner of the house for about 15 years. Indeed, it is completely unpretentious, emits an amazing smell when flowering, but, unfortunately, it does not bloom for long, only two to three weeks.

Grandson Shurik

We’re not walking yet, but we’re having fun splashing about.

Shurik masters independent movement under the watchful supervision of his grandmother

View from the terrace to the sunny garden clearing

It’s nice to sit on the lawn of a clearing in the garden on a warm sunny day and play with your grandson.

In general, I think that if people were not disturbed by the degenerates who “rule” the countries and the World, then normal people would have long ago created a real paradise on the beautiful Earth. Well, for example, like Pushkin:
Tsar Nikita once lived
Idle, fun, rich.
Didn't do miracles or evil
And his land blossomed.

For this, not much is needed: do not interfere with people creating their own paradise, and for this we must not try to “work miracles” (like Gorbachev’s “perestroika”); “do not do evil” - do not rob people, do not drag them into wars. But degenerates in power cannot live in peace. Something is always wrong with them, they, as Klimov wrote, have a constant “disorder in their pants or under their skirt,” something is always itching somewhere and they begin to start revolutions, perestroika, wars, and normal people are left with no idea of ​​a normal life just dream.

On a warm summer day in the garden it’s nice to sit in the shade and talk about something...

However, the grandchildren are growing up quickly

The immediate surroundings in late autumn. Places of our walks.
The photo shows a view of the old quarry where rubble stone was once mined.

As a rule, only in late autumn and winter, when there is practically nothing to do in the garden and in the garden, but I want to communicate with nature, my wife and I go for a walk in the nearby surroundings. Peace and quiet. With great reluctance and only out of urgent necessity, I go to the city. I don't like being in this "human" place. I return from the city tired. Sometimes I can’t imagine what would have happened to me if I had stayed to live in the city rather than risk moving to the countryside. It was probably not for nothing that when I was young, the idea arose in me to have my own house in the village, although I was born in Leningrad, before the war we lived in Peterhof. Only during the war I had to live in the village for a couple of years, and the beauty of communicating with nature, despite the difficult times, remained in my memory for the rest of my life.

More about the house: heating, water supply, sewerage

Heating: I consider central water heating with a solid fuel boiler - coal and wood - to be the cleanest and most reliable type of home heating. Their consumption for the heating season for my house is approximately: coal - 2.5 tons, firewood 16-20 cubic meters. In addition to lighting the boiler, firewood is used to fire the kitchen stove (metal enameled type “Ilmarine”; when burning, it also heats 4 radiators of 8 sections), for the fireplace and for the sauna. Although I plan to switch the heating of the house to liquid fuel (shale oil), but only as an additional option. I will definitely keep the solid fuel boiler, since it is a guaranteed safety feature that I won’t have to freeze. I recommend using cast iron radiators as they are more reliable than stamped ones. It is better to connect radiators using lower pipe routing (where possible). This is three times more economical than overhead wiring: there are fewer pipes, easier installation and no heat is wasted on heating the attic.

Note Currently, the primary home heating option is an air-to-water heat pump (see below for more details).

Water supply, sewerage: The water supply is centralized from a water intake well, 20 m deep, using a vibrating pump such as “Malysh”, “Rucheyok”, etc., drilled during the manufacture of the foundation in the place where the boiler room was planned to be located. It turned out to be like a “technical basement” - heating, a water-lifting installation (hydrofor) with automatic control of the pump, as well as draining water from the bathroom and kitchen - all in one place. Since there is no external sewerage system, as in any village or rural settlement, water has to be used sparingly. Therefore, although the bathtub is installed, we practically do not use it - we make do with a shower and a bathhouse.

We obtain drinking water by purifying it using the EC 105P water purification system based on reverse osmosis (5-stage with an electric pump for pumping - vibration pumps do not create the required pressure for this system). Due to the fact that during filtration, approximately 2/3 of the water supplied for filtration is thrown into the sewer system as “unusable”, it was necessary to make a separate outlet for it to the site so as not to fill the containers (sump tank and storage tank). The company claims that this water can be drunk unboiled. The cost of this installation in rubles is approximately 18 thousand, but I think that it is worth it: we have been using it for 5 years without problems, changing the input filters once a year. They have already “forgotten” what scale is. I think that Gryzlov and Petrik shouldn’t invent a “bicycle” by trying to give Russians “clean water” to drink, in which daphnia die.

Toilet with cistern filled from a sink for hand washing. The total capacity of the tanks - feces, sump, storage - 8 cubic meters. m. Using water sparingly, you have to pump it out of the tanks twice a year. This costs approximately 2000 rubles.

The total cost of maintaining the house - heating, electricity, Internet, etc. - is approximately 45 thousand (converted to rubles). It's cheaper than maintaining a 3-room apartment. apartments at current prices for utilities (this is in Estonia). So “to build or not to build” is not the question, but whether there is confidence that you will pull it off or not. Everything I write here is, of course, not for “fat cats,” but for those who want to have their own home, but are limited in funds.

You can’t do without outbuildings in the countryside

Although in the house next to the boiler room there is a fuel warehouse with an entrance from the boiler room, which allows you to store a supply of it, designed for the heating season, as well as two storage rooms - for food products and things not in use at a given time, you still cannot do without the outer block of the sheds . The photo shows an outbuilding consisting of three interconnected sheds for storing a supply of firewood (30 cubic meters), gardening tools and simply old things, mainly household appliances. As they say, “everything comes in handy on the farm.” Sometimes this happens when something needs to be repaired.

You can't do without a cellar either

There is hardly any need to prove that when designing or choosing a house project for living in the countryside, it is necessary to provide a place in it for storing supplies for the winter of nature’s gifts, both received from one’s own garden and garden, and purchased externally. In short, we need a “cellar”. From our small vegetable garden and garden, we provide ourselves and our daughter’s family with various jams, compotes, juices, pickles, canned tomatoes, long-lasting salads for the whole year and apples until April. And all this does not cost much work, but the quality of the product and its environmental friendliness are guaranteed. We only buy potatoes and some vegetables from farmers for the winter. The photo shows a corner of the cellar with supplies left over from the winter.

The area of ​​our “cellar” is 5.5 sq.m., but this is quite enough. I put the word “cellar” in quotation marks, because in general it is not quite a cellar, but a room one-third deep into the ground, the ceiling of which is part of the terrace. However, thanks to the thermal insulation, it is quite cool in the summer, and in winter only in severe frosts do we turn on the electricity at night, just in case. heater 400 W..

Air-to-water heat pump for home heating

Air-to-water heat pump (external part)

It is known that the greatest problems and the greatest expenses when maintaining a private house are created by the need for its heating. As I already wrote, I consider water central heating with a boiler running on solid fuel (mainly coal) to be the cheapest and cleanest. But at the same time, you have to put up with the need to carry out the entire complex of work of the stoker, which, in general, is not burdensome with well-established combustion technology, but, it is clear that it is better if you do not do this, since no matter how you debug the combustion process, you still have to heat the boiler periodically loading it with fuel, removing the slag - you have to do all this yourself, not to mention the delivery of firewood and coal and removal of the slag. But I repeat once again - this is the cheapest option for heating a house in my case, and in general, probably too.

Calculating the costs of other home heating options - electricity, liquid fuel (shale oil), heat pump, I chose the last option. This is how this installation appeared on the side facade of the house (see photo). The manufacturer claims that the air-to-water heat pump I purchased, brand H14SNE (U31), will produce 14 kW when consuming 3.17 kW/hour of electricity. thermal energy per hour at outdoor temperatures ranging from -20 to ~ 30 degrees. Well, God forbid, if that’s really the case. In the meantime, a trial run has shown that at an outside air temperature of +13 degrees. in 1 hour of operation, the installation warmed up the heating system of the house, with a capacity of more than 400 liters, to a temperature of 35-40 degrees.

“At -20 degrees, the outside air contains more than 85% of the amount of heat that it contains at +20, which makes it a very suitable heat source for year-round heating.

Modern air heat pumps are operational to almost any minimum temperature ever recorded in the European part of Russia. However, for practical reasons, it is advisable to use outdoor air-water heat pumps, like heat pumps of any type, in conjunction with the most accessible backup heat source.

Outdoor air-to-water heat pumps logically fit into the practice of residential construction in heating systems that are resistant to short-term extreme cold spells. Optimal when used in conjunction with solid fuel heat sources and in systems with the possibility of two-tariff payment for electricity."

It is believed that the cost of installing a heat pump pays off in 4-9 years. Personally, I think that the costs in my case (about 200 thousand rubles) will never pay off, since the previous option is almost twice as economical, but you have to pay for convenience.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF A HEAT PUMP

Heat transfer heat supply systems seem to be one of the most effective alternative means of solving the problem. From a thermodynamic point of view, heat supply schemes based on heat pumps are in most cases even more efficient than those from thermal power plants.

The schematic diagram of a compression heat pump is shown in Fig. 1. The essence of his work is as follows. In the evaporator of a heat pump, heat of a low temperature potential is taken from a certain source of low-potential heat and transferred to the low-boiling working fluid of the heat pump. The resulting steam is compressed by a compressor. At the same time, the temperature of the steam rises and heat at the required temperature level in the condenser is transferred to the heating and hot water supply system.

In order to close the cycle performed by the working fluid, after the condenser it is throttled to the initial pressure, cooled to a temperature below the low-grade heat source, and again supplied to the evaporator. Thus, the heat pump transforms thermal energy from a low temperature level to a higher one required by the consumer. In this case, mechanical (electrical) energy is expended to drive the compressor. If there is a source of low-grade heat with a more or less high temperature, the amount of heat supplied to the consumer is several times greater than the energy required to drive the compressor.

The ratio of useful heat to the work expended on driving the compressor is called the heat pump conversion coefficient, and in the most common heat transfer systems it reaches 3 or more. Typical dependences of the ideal and real conversion coefficients of a heat pump on the temperature of the condenser and evaporator are shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen that, for example, at an evaporator temperature of 0°C and a condenser temperature of 60°C, the conversion factor of a real installation reaches 3. With an increase in the temperature of the low-grade heat source and/or with a decrease in the temperature required by the consumer, the conversion factor increases and can reach 4 , 5 and larger values.

It is obvious that the use of heat pumps is especially effective in the case of using air systems and/or underfloor water heating systems, for which the condenser temperature does not exceed 35-40 ° C. Recently, heating systems using modern heat exchangers such as fan coils, characterized by high heat transfer coefficients and, accordingly, allowing the use of coolant with low temperatures, have become increasingly widely used.

The key issue on which the efficiency of using heat pumps largely depends is the issue of the source of low-grade heat. Where can I find this source? Such a source could be atmospheric air. However, in winter, when the heat load increases, its temperature in our climatic conditions becomes too low to ensure efficient operation of the heat pump.

Part of the heat pump (HP) placed indoors

The photo shows a corner of the boiler room in which the central heating boiler is located, and the second part of the heat pump (in the picture) is installed there, connected to the heating system, containing a heat exchanger, a pump for running hot water through the heating system, a control panel (turning on the heating, setting the desired temperature in the house, etc.) and other devices. On the right in the picture you can see a hydrophore, which, together with a vibration pump, provides the house with water, and directly below it is the outlet of a water well with a cover. The well, 20 m deep, was drilled after the foundation was poured and a place in the boiler room for installing the hydrophore was determined. This eliminated the need to lay pipes from the well to the hydrophore and made it convenient to remove the pump from the well for routine inspection, repair or replacement.

An expansion tank is installed to the right of the HP, into which air is pumped to create excess pressure in the heating system.

This photo shows both the hydrophore and the outlet of the water well (a pipe with a cap), connected to the water supply system using flexible hoses. Why with hoses? The fact is that all these vibration pumps such as “Malysh”, “Rucheyok”, etc. have the same significant drawback - the bolts connecting the halves of their housing are unscrewed due to vibration and the water from the pump goes back into the well. Therefore, you have to periodically remove the pump from the well and tighten the bolts. Hoses make it possible, without disconnecting anything in the water supply system, to simply lift the cap from the well pipe and remove everything from it along with the pump. Therefore, I would like to advise the manufacturers of these pumps to use bolts with locking nuts to connect the halves of the pump housing, and the bolts and nuts should be made not of plain steel, but of stainless steel, and an internal hexagon wrench should be provided in the bolt head, since they cannot be tightened with a regular wrench . Although manufacturers galvanize bolts and nuts, the galvanization does not last long and then you don’t know what to do with such a pump. Personally, I had to order stainless steel bolts myself so as not to throw away a still working pump, and now, when installing a new pump, I replace the factory bolts with stainless steel bolts.

This Taiga brand boiler has served me without problems for more than 22 years. Its only drawback is that the hole for loading fuel when lighting the boiler is too small (middle door). As for the grade of sheet steel used in the manufacture of the boiler, the manufacturer (Yurginsky Machine Plant, Kemerovo region) should be thanked for this: despite the aggressiveness of the gases formed during the combustion of coal, which also had to be wetted so as not to generate dust, there were noticeable traces No corrosion is detected on the metal surface. In Soviet times (1987), this boiler cost only 150 rubles, its thermal power is 23 kW, efficiency is 65%, it is designed to heat 150 sq.m. living space.

Despite the installation of a heat pump, this “veteran” of heating remains to serve as a “back-up” in case what I paid 200,000 for does not work.

In the photo, the 5-stage EC105R water purification system used in the house, which fits freely in the cabinet under the sink. From the well, after passing through a coarse filter, water is pumped into the hydrophore, and then enters the purification system (white tube), where it is filtered, passing 3 filters in succession of varying degrees of purification. After this, the water enters the membrane unit for filtration. The water that does not pass through the membrane is discharged into the sewer (black tube). The water that passes through the membrane enters a 7-liter storage tank (brown tube). When you open the purified water tap (located above the sink), water from the storage tank passes through the carbon filter and pours out through the open tap (blue tube). The system turns on and off automatically.

How to build a log village house

Projects involve building a house from one material, for example, brick, concrete, slag concrete, wood, etc. But it can be built from any other material.

Let's consider a typical project. The house is three-room (Fig. 1, 2), made of logs, with a terrace and a storage room, a basement under the kitchen, stove heating and an external toilet.

The building area of ​​the house with a terrace is 71.4 m2;

living area - 31.0 m2;

useful - 39.2 m2;

utility room - 9.5 m2;

cubic capacity - 182 m3.

The house has three rooms measuring 8.13; 10.29 and 12.56 m2; kitchen - 5.76 m2; hallway - 2.45 m2; canopy - 4.4 m2; pantry - 4.72 m2 and terrace - 12.54 m2. In the plan, these figures are rounded.

The project includes a house plan, its sections, a foundation plan, sections of walls, ceilings, attic, basement, floor, trim details, design of a terrace, cornice, etc., as well as an option for developing the site.

The development plan indicates the location of the house, utility shed, which can be a garage, restroom, green spaces, etc.

On the main facade of the house and in the sections there are arrows with pluses, minuses and numbers indicating meters or centimeters.

The arrow with plus and minus 0.00 stands at floor level and is called the zero mark. The numbers going down from this mark are called negative, and the numbers going up are called positive.

Rice. 1. The main facade and plan of a residential building (dimensions in cm and m) z 1,6, 7 - rooms;2 - kitchen; 3 - corridor;4 - pantry; b - terrace

Rice. 2. Yard and side facades, foundation and site plans (dimensions in cm)

The minus 0.60 mark shows the distance from ground level to the top of the floor or foundation. Minus 1.30 indicates that at this level, counting from the floor, the pillars are laid under the foundation. Minus 2.40 shows the laying of the basement walls.

The plus 0.80 mark determines the level of the window sill, which is 80 cm above the floor. The level of the upper part of the window opening is indicated by the plus 2.20 mark. If we subtract plus 80 cm from this mark, we get the height of the window opening equal to 1.40 m.

Ceiling level indicated by a plus mark 3,15 , and the upper part of the dormer window is plus 3.75.

Roof ridge level is on the level 5.35 m, and the top of the chimneys is at a level of 6.05 m.

Other marks are also given in the sections. For example, the height of the terrace is 2.40; ceiling height from floor 2.90 m, etc.

Sections of the house are shown in Figure 3. For Houses rafters make a section 18X6 cm, floor beams - 18X8 cm etc.

Let's look at individual parts of the house.

Rice. 3. Sections of the house (dimensions in cm and m)

The foundation for the external walls is made of rubble stone in the form of pillars measuring 60X60 cm with a laying depth of 70 cm (if the groundwater is high, the laying depth can reach 120 cm). Internal pillars can be buried by 50 cm.

The rubble pillars do not reach the ground level by 10 cm. Above this mark, a base is laid - brick pillars of 2x1.5 bricks and between them there is a wall of one brick, called a fence.

For ventilation of the underground from two opposite sides There are two holes in the drawer size 14X14 cm, but more often 25X25 cm. In the spring they are opened, and in the fall they are closed and insulated. From the inside, the base is insulated with slag, sand, earth, but not clay.

The top of the plinth is leveled with cement mortar, insulated with two or three layers of roofing felt or roofing felt (preferably with mastic).

For waterproofing heat-insulating antiseptic material(tow or felt), then two layers of roofing felt or roofing felt and on top of it all lining - antiseptic(antiseptic or bitumen mastic) dry board 5 - 6 cm thick and 20 cm wide. The lining protects the lower logs of the frame from rotting, and it can be replaced if destroyed.

The walls (Fig. 4) are chopped wooden, made of logs with a cut diameter of 22 cm and hewn to one edge. Insulated from the foundation by a lining, a layer of tow, felt, etc. (2 cm), the lower (flashing) crown is made of thicker logs with two edges (the width of the lower edge is at least 15 cm). On the inside, a thermal beam is attached to the backing board; the space between it and the lower crown is filled with tow. Thermal insulation material is placed on the first crown, the second crown is placed on it, etc.

After laying five crowns, the assembly of the piers is provided, on which subsequent crowns are then placed. Window and door openings must have a settlement gap and be higher (greater) than the height of the window or door frames by 1/20 of their height, i.e. 7 - 8 cm.

If this gap is not there, then the crowns above the windows and doors will sag over time due to settlement (shrinkage of wood, compaction of thermal insulation), forming large gaps above the walls. The gaps are filled with tow or felt, and only after complete settlement can a timber be inserted into the gap. In Figure 4, the settlement gap is 7 cm.

Rice. 4. Wall section (dimensions in cm):

1-sedimentary gap 7 cm;2 – antiseptic lining board 5 cm thick;3 - thermal beam;4- floor, boards 4 cm thick and joists 16/2 cm; 5-antiseptic board-lining 4-5 cm thick on roofing felt in two layers; brick post 25X25 cm 6 - crushed stone poured with lime mortar 12 cm thick on compacted soil; 7-brick plinth,8 - compacted crushed stone for clay preparation;9 – rubble pillar;10 - felt or tow accepted; 11-heat beam

The attic floor is shown in Figure 5, a. Height of rooms in the house provided for cleanliness 290 cm, but taking into account the draft, ceiling beams with a cross section of 8X18 cm should be cut 5 - 10 cm higher. The beams are laid strictly horizontally, at a distance of 100 cm from each other. On the sides, bars (“skulls”) with a cross-section of 4X5 cm are nailed to the beams, on which a roll of plates 8 cm thick is laid.

The cut ends of the plates should lie flush with the undersides of the beams, forming a level floor. Instead of plates, two-layer boards 8 cm thick are sometimes used. The roll is covered with slag and dry earth (15 cm layer).

To prevent the backfill from spilling, the roll cracks must be covered with clay. If they apply sawdust, we need them pre-mix with fluffed lime and gypsum, and then cover with a layer of slag (3 - 4 cm).

Rice. 5. Details of the floor, attic and basement floors (dimensions in cm):

A - attic floor: 1 - bars 4X5 cm;2 - beams 8X18 cm every 100 cm;3 - plate rollingd=16/2 cm;4 - clay grease 2 cm;5 - backfill 15 cm;b - first floor floor: 1 - clean floor 4 cm;2 - logs made of platesd=16/2 cm;3 - lining - tarred board 4 cm thick in two layers;4 - brick pillar 25X25 cm, L=15 cm; 5 - crushed stone with 12 cm of lime mortar;6 - compacted soil;V - detail of the basement floor: 1 - clean floor 4 cm;2 - sand 5 cm;3 - rolling into trimmingd=14/2 with clay grease 2 cm;4 - hatch cover (boards - 2.2 cm, felt - 2 cm, boards - 2.2 cm); 5 - harness 6.4 cm;6 - beam 8X18 cm; 7 - skull block 4X5 cm

A terrace with a storage room has a cold ceiling made of planed planks or boards, which are nailed to beams hewn to one edge, or boards of the required section.

Underground

To keep the underground dry and clean, the soil must be leveled, compacted, covered with a layer of gravel or crushed stone (at least 12 cm) and filled with lime or cement mortar. If the soil is not dry enough, you need to put a layer of greasy crumpled clay (25 cm), compact it well, cover it with a layer of gravel or crushed stone (at least 12 cm), compact it and pour it with lime or cement mortar, the latter is more durable and waterproof.

Floors

(Fig. 5,6). In preparation for the underground, brick columns measuring 25X25 cm are laid out, insulated on top with two layers of roofing felt, on which a tarred or antiseptic lining (dry board 4 cm thick) is placed, and logs made of plates are placed on it. It is on them that a clean floor is laid from boards 4 cm thick, with selected tongues or quarters. The boards are tightly held together, nailed and, if necessary, painted.

Basement

(Fig. 5, V) located under the kitchen; its walls are laid to a depth of 240 cm, counting from the level of the finished floor. If the groundwater level is high, it is not recommended to make basements under the house, since it will always be damp there. If the developer wants to have a basement, then it must be especially carefully insulated (see “Food storage premises”).

The roof

covered with asbestos-cement tiles over a continuous sheathing.

Partitions

can be clean tongue-and-groove or plastered on both sides.

Doors

single-floor paneled ones are provided, but they can be panel-type. The entryway is made of planks, with dowels. Size - 200X85 cm –

The bindings are double, opening in different directions, with windows in each room. Size - 140X100 cm. In extensions, windows are filled with single sashes.

Heating

stove is provided. One stove heats three rooms. Since the front wall of the stove, which opens into one of the rooms, may not heat it up enough, a shield with three channels is pulled out there from the stove in addition. Water heating can be arranged.

Terrace

can be done after building a house, but its settlement should be taken into account.

Blind area

serves to drain water flowing from the roof away from the house. They are made of oily clay with a layer of 15 - 20 cm (covered with stone), concrete or other materials. Its width is at least 1m.

After the house has been built, but not earlier than a year, they start caulking it, and a year or two later, after complete settlement, they begin finishing: paneling, plastering and painting, installing platbands, cornices, pediments, etc.

The design of platbands, cornices and terraces is shown in Figure 6.

To build a house according to the project considered, the following materials are required: logs of the required length with a diameter of 22 - 24 cm - 40 m 3; various lumber - 20 m 3; rubble stone - 10 m 3; red brick - 7.5 thousand pieces; crushed brick, stone or gravel - 6.5 m 3; boiling lime - 2.1 t; building gypsum (old name alabaster) - 2.5 tons; mountain or river sand - 12.6 m 3; flat asbestos-cement tiles (for roofing) - 1100 pcs.; staples and bolts - 116 kg; various construction nails - 101 kg; window glass - 17 m2; roofing felt or roofing felt - 105 m2; roofing steel - 30 kg; drying oil - 68 kg; whitewash and other paints - 42 kg. If the house is not painted outside, then less drying oil and paint will be required.

Rice. 6. Platbands and their parts, roof framing and terrace fencing

All materials should be stored so that they are not exposed to moisture, rotting or destruction.

Logs and lumber are stacked on pads so that there are gaps between them to allow air to flow through, speeding up drying. They are covered from above.

Lime-lime, gypsum and cement are stored in dry sheds in barrels, bags or boxes raised from the ground level by at least 50 cm.

Roofing felt, roofing felt, roofing tiles, nails, glass, metal are stored in sheds. Roofing felt and roofing felt must be in a vertical position, drying oil and grated paints must be in a closed container.

Bricks are stored in stacks, gravel, crushed stone and sand - in heaps protected from various contaminants.

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