The need to fill holes in concrete walls and ceilings arises when laying communications, fire and engineering systems(sewage, ventilation, gas and water supply), installation of railings, installation of anchors and similar situations requiring partial or complete through drilling of structures. The process of their preparation is labor-intensive and dirty; the achieved effect and drilling costs largely depend on the correct choice of the working tool. If you doubt your abilities or if you need to lay down large number channels it is trusted to professionals.
Powerful equipment is used to create holes: impact and non-impact drills, hammer drills and drilling rigs with hydraulic or electric drive. Their attachments are drills and round crowns coated with pobedit or diamond. The latter are valued for minimal dust formation, the ability to drill to a depth of up to 3 m with a diameter within 1, high speed of work and the ability to perform them on curved surfaces.
Impact hammers allow you to quickly create a cavity with a cross-section of up to 3 cm (with a maximum of 5) in structures without reinforcement. The recommended minimum power in this case is 1 kW, this is enough to drill the hardest grades. The disadvantages include the impossibility of attaching a crown with a diameter over 25 cm and restrictions when working with reinforced concrete. A direct hit of drills on the reinforcement can cause the hammer to stop or break; as a result, its use is allowed only if you are sure that there is no metal in the path of the drill bit.
Drills with a power of 250 W and above are used when processing aerated concrete and monoliths using impact twist drills and crowns. When selecting nozzles, the brand and type of concrete are taken into account: for porous materials it is enough collet chuck, for monoliths with a thickness within 30 cm, a two-handed tool with an SDS+ shank with a cross-section of 10 mm is required, for drilling hard composites from M400 and above - SDS Max not less than 18 mm. Drilling holes with a large diameter and a depth of more than 0.5 m with a drill is difficult; motor drills are used.
Specialized and professional equipment includes drilling rigs, which in turn are divided into pistol-type models (for quickly creating holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm), one-handed machines for laying through and blind cavities within 15 and two-handed machines suitable for channels big size. The latter are represented by water-cooled motor drills with a power of 5-8 kW, connected to a three-phase network or hydraulic drive. They allow you to easily drill a hole with a depth of up to 1-1.5 m and a diameter of 250 mm.
Types of drilling attachments
The following are used as consumables:
1. Impact twist drills made of hard alloys with a speed of 400 to 1200 revolutions, used when laying channels from 4 to 13 mm, installed on a drill when preparing blind holes for anchors.
2. Drills with a caliber from 6 to 76 mm and a length within 1 m. The frequency of their revolutions depends on the diameter (the larger it is, the slower the nozzle rotates) and varies from 60 to 400. Their advantages: low dust formation and noiselessness, minus – impossibility of drilling reinforcement.
3. Rotary core drills, working in rotary drilling, are optimal when needed. The recognized advantages of these consumables include high accuracy and neat edges.
4. Core drills with centering drill and carbide tipped, used for domestic purposes on structures without reinforcement. The resource is inferior to diamond-coated varieties, but it allows you to lay at least 100 holes with a diameter of 5 to 45 cm. Advantages: the ability to move slightly to the side and work with pressure.
5. Segmented tubular drills with diamond tips, classified as professional consumables and used for processing concrete with any degree of reinforcement and hardness.
6. Attachments for motor drills with a caliber of up to 300 mm and a length of up to 1500, selected when drilling industrial structures.
Carbide bits are cheaper, but if there is the slightest doubt about the density or presence of metal in the monolith, consumables coated with synthetic diamonds are chosen. Maximum productivity when using them is achieved by exerting significant axial forces, working with water cooling and eliminating distortions during drilling.
The clear advantages of diamond cutting include low dust formation, preservation bearing capacity walls due to the absence of vibration influences, obtaining neat edges without chips and cracks within a given size up to 1 mm, high speed and noiselessness.
Drilling technology, risks and possible errors
The work begins with the inspection and assessment of structures, making precise markings that eliminate or minimize the risk of contact with the reinforcement (for these purposes it is worth using a metal detector). When choosing the right tool and consumables diamond cutting takes just a few seconds, control over the depth of the drill or bit is required. In order to protect people and furniture, it is recommended to fence off the drilling areas by 2-2.5 m on both sides of the wall. Ignoring this requirement leads to the formation of through cavities, violating the integrity in unnecessary places or causing danger to others. Regardless of the purpose of the laid channel diamond drilling not carried out at joints and seams. Special attention also require areas near gas pipelines, ventilation passages and electrical communications, following building regulations definitely on them.
Marking is carried out using drills with a standard sharpening, this helps to maintain the perpendicular direction of the nozzle. Punch a hole large diameter It's easiest when using a crown with a centering axis. The impact mode of drills is turned off to ensure the exit of concrete crumbs from the channels or they make a return movement of 2-3 cm with the engine running. If the nozzle is close to the reinforcement, it should be replaced with special metal drills; after passing through the dangerous area, it returns to its place. If it is necessary to knock out particularly hard large fractions and there is no possibility of impact with diamond bits with segments, a manual punch or perforator drills are used.
At all stages, the operator wears protective clothing, gloves and goggles. Work begins with low speeds, with their gradual increase. Productivity is monitored continuously; if signs of nozzle clogging are detected or the speed of diamond drilling slows down, the process is suspended. To restore the sharpness of the segments, the crown is cooled in water or driven dry through a brick or similar highly abrasive composite. The last operation takes no more than 30 seconds, since diamond-coated consumables are, in principle, not intended for processing such materials.
Almost everything professional tools They operate with water cooling, the approximate water consumption is 3 l/s. Liquids with open sources not suitable for diamond drilling, optimal characteristics reach when fed into the normal zone tap water(or cleaned with filters). If this is not possible, you should take care of bringing it. The same applies to scaffolding; drilling into structures at a height of more than 2 m without support is prohibited.
Cost of professional services
Approximate prices for diamond drilling of concrete and reinforced concrete are given in the table:
| Diameter of prepared hole, mm | Price per 1 cm of passage, rubles | |
| For concrete | For reinforced concrete | |
| 25-52 | 18 | 20 |
| 62-72 | 22 | 24 |
| 82-102 | 24 | 26 |
| 112-122 | 26 | 32 |
| 132-142 | 30 | 34 |
| 152-162 | 34 | 36 |
| 172-202 | 40 | 44 |
| 225-252 | 52 | 58 |
| 302-325 | 58 | 68 |
| 352 | 74 | 96 |
| 402 | 94 | 124 |
| 452 | 116 | 138 |
| 502 | 132 | 156 |
When punching holes with a diameter of more than 502 mm or laying large niches in monoliths, a separate estimate is drawn up. The prices given are the minimum; the final cost of the work depends on a number of factors:
- When the content of reinforcement in reinforced concrete exceeds 100 kg/m3, costs increase by 20%, when working with high-density grades of concrete - by 50.
- If the drilling depth exceeds 50 cm, the given prices are multiplied by a correction factor, increasing in increments of 0.5 m.
- When carrying out work in winter or at night, the estimate increases by 10-20%.
- When drilling at height, the value of the correction factor depends on the presence or absence of scaffolding on the site and varies from 1.1 to 1.7. The same for hard-to-reach areas - 1.15.
- If it is necessary to drill holes in the ceiling or at an angle, the price shown in the table is multiplied by 4.1.
- If there is no water on site or work is being carried out at a remote site, a fixed minimum price is agreed upon (from 2,000 rubles per shift and above for each employee).
The specified coefficients must be taken into account when drawing up the estimate; the final value is indicated after inspecting the object and assessing the condition of the structures. Additionally, factors such as time constraints, safety requirements, costs for preparing concrete surfaces and drilling sites, and the need to remove sludge or construction debris are monitored.
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Drilling in concrete is very difficult, as anyone who has had to deal with a similar problem will tell you. To adequately overcome the resistance of a resistant material, you need to know some of the features of concrete drilling, plus be able to apply knowledge in practice. So, let's find out how to get out of the situation without any problems.
Which drill to drill concrete
To drill a concrete wall, craftsmen use drills with a Pobedit tip.
A simple drill will not cope with such a task. If you need to make a small hole (less than 13 mm in diameter), then a drill is used, and in other cases, a hammer drill. It is significantly more productive than a drill due to the presence of a device with an impact function and a higher drilling speed. When a hammer drill is not at hand, then a regular drill with a drill made of hard alloy with asymmetric sharpening will do.
Before starting work, it is necessary to mark the drilling location with a core. It is also advisable to minimize the spread of dust throughout the room by attaching a simple device to the hammer drill chuck - a cap made of tin can. Most of the dust will settle there. In order for the plastic dowel to fit fully into the hole made, experts recommend making the recess a centimeter longer than the size of the fastening element itself.
During rotation in concrete, the drill heats up due to friction, which leads to a decrease in its working properties, so the drill is periodically moistened in machine oil or ordinary water.
For high-quality drilling, it is preferable to choose a tool equipped with building level. If such a thing is not provided in the hammer drill, it doesn’t matter; an ordinary small level secured to the body with electrical tape will do.
It happens that you need to drill through concrete, but the drill at hand is too short. Then with inside drilled blind hole along the entire length of the existing drill, and a magnet is placed in the resulting socket. WITH reverse side Using another magnet, the location of the first one is determined and drilled at the intended point.
If drilling interferes metal fittings, then change the drill for concrete to one that is designed for working with metal. After which they continue with the same drill.
Before drilling into a concrete wall, you should make sure that penetration into the material will not damage any communications.
Using a hammer drill to make holes is considered obsolete. However, for small volumes of work it is indispensable due to its affordability. It is used for drilling by impact or in the usual way. But this method has a significant drawback: during operation, vibrations that inevitably arise from the “slotting” of the tool lead to unwanted defects in the finish. And if, in addition, the hammer drill is very powerful, then the consequences of the actions for the structure are simply unpredictable. To reduce vibrations, new modifications of modern rotary hammers have been developed.
Nowadays, diamond drilling equipment is used more often, especially in large-scale construction - the holes in concrete are smooth and clear, while the drilling machine creates virtually no noise and produces almost no dust and debris. The non-impact method does not cause chips, and it is also possible to avoid the formation of cracks in concrete. And the main advantage of diamond drilling is that in addition to quickly drilling through concrete, it can easily cope with reinforcement.
For making holes in thin concrete partitions They use a punch: it is made from an 8-millimeter drill, the end of which is sharpened into a “swallow’s tail.” The drill needs to be turned and hit with a hammer.
When drilling in ceiling To prevent concrete crumbs from falling into your eyes, it is recommended to attach a protective funnel to the tool.
To secure the screw in concrete, a piece of nylon is driven into the hole. Then they lightly melt it with hot metal (nail), after which the screw is screwed in. The nylon hardens and holds the mount firmly.
A piece of copper or aluminum tube can serve as a substitute for a dowel. It is crimped to the required size, inserted into the hole and screwed.
Many people live in houses with, and when it becomes necessary to make a hole in them, they encounter serious difficulties.
Don’t despair or be upset if you didn’t manage to hang a shelf, lamp or cabinet right away, read our recommendations and everything will work out.
There are several options with which you can drill through a concrete wall yourself.
Concrete structures are highly durable, so drilling them yourself is quite difficult.
This is due to the fact that to create concrete products crushed stone is used and when you get on it while drilling, the process becomes very difficult.
The need to drill a concrete wall arises quite often; this is necessary for installing shelves, cabinets, air conditioning, mounting a lamp, or during or during the installation of beacons.
There are several ways to solve this problem:
- using a hammer drill or a powerful impact drill;
- an ordinary electric drill or screwdriver;
- diamond drilling.
To carry out this work, do not regular one will do drill, it is necessary to purchase tools soldered with pobedit alloy.
It should be remembered that for walls made of relatively soft materials, you cannot use pobedite drills, as the holes will be uneven and the wall will collapse. It is also impossible to work with metal with such a tool.
To create holes of large diameter or , diamond-coated annular drills are used. To use such a tool, it is necessary to use special installations; they allow you to make holes with a diameter of up to 250 mm. 
Since the cost of such equipment is high, it is easier to hire specialists or you can rent it.
The better to drill
As already mentioned, there are several ways to drill through a concrete wall; let’s look at each of them in more detail.
Hammer
When using a hammer drill or impact drill, they must be switched to impact mode, a working tool with a pobedite tip is inserted and it must be directed perpendicular to the wall surface.
If drilling holes takes a long time, then The drill needs to be wetted periodically so that it does not overheat too much.
Once you have drilled to the required depth, you must pull the working tool back without turning off the hammer drill. To clean the finished hole from dust, you need to deepen and pull out the drill several times.
A regular drill or screwdriver
If you do not have the tools described above, then this work can be done using a conventional electric drill or a powerful screwdriver.
Drilling will take more time than using a hammer drill, but you can do it yourself.
In this case, in addition to the drill and drill bit, you will also need a punch. First, a small depression is made at the drilling site using a punch and a hammer.
After this, they insert the working tool into it and begin to drill. If the drill stops, break the hard areas again with a punch and continue working. 
Although a regular electric drill or screwdriver is not suitable for working with concrete, if you don’t have a hammer drill, you can make several small holes with these tools, but you need to use a spear-shaped drill with a carbide tip, usually used for tiles.
Diamond drilling
This is the most effective method, with which you can simply and quickly make concrete wall hole of the required diameter.
For execution specified works You will need special equipment consisting of the following elements:
- electric motor;
- a stand that is securely fixed to the base;
- core drill.
There is no need to cool the drill during operation, as water is supplied to it, which not only cools the tool, but also prevents dust from forming.
If specialists work, then together with the specified equipment they use a vacuum cleaner, with which they remove dust and water.
Because the price of such equipment is very high, then buying it for household use is impractical. If it is necessary to make a hole of a large diameter, you can always invite specialists for this.
In order for you to be able to drill through a concrete wall correctly, you must have necessary equipment, Perform all work carefully and adhere to the following recommendations:
- without a hammer drill, the work can be done with an impact drill or drilled with a screwdriver;
- do not buy cheap drills, as their pobedite tip falls off very quickly and they fail;
- instead of a punch, you can use a pobedit tool, with one you will break the crushed stone, and with the second, inserted into a regular electric drill, you will drill;
- to work with concrete, the hammer drill must have an SDS-plus chuck;
- take into account the placement of the fittings to determine where it is located, you can use a metal detector, if the fittings are exposed, it is necessary to prevent rusting;
- To work with concrete, you can use universal diamond-coated drills, but you need to insert them only into a regular drill, or you need to turn off the impact mode.
Conclusion
When performing the above work, you must adhere to the developed technologies and safety rules, then you can not only make the hole yourself without the involvement of expensive specialists, but also avoid injuries.
Useful video:
How to drill concrete and brick with a screwdriver, video:
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How to drill or punch a hole in concrete, various methods.
Many experts know that drilling holes in concrete is not an easy task. Even if you use a Victory drill, it is not a fact that the hole will be drilled without problems.
What is the reason? The thing is that the right concrete wall (especially one built in Soviet times), consists of a quarter of reinforcing bars and stones. And only those who know can drill through all this reliable splendor correct sequence actions. I invite you to join the cohort of those who know by reading the detailed instructions.
Holes in concrete: step-by-step instructions
1. We take a punch and break the stones with it. This special drill, which you can easily find in any construction kit, is simply inserted into the drill and used in the same way as a Pobedit or diamond drill, the cost of which is not as high as it seems. As for the reinforcement, its cutting is carried out with a conventional drill.
2. If you are going to use a carbide drill, then to speed up the drilling process, I recommend using asymmetric sharpening. Before you start drilling a concrete wall, you need to make a mark with a drill with a standard sharpening. This will help give you the right start. WITH concrete wall A hammer drill made from a 6-8 mm drill also works well, the end of which is sharpened like swallowtail. The drill must be constantly turned and struck. Drilling a hole for a socket with such a tool requires no more than 2-3 minutes.
3. Drilling or drilling holes in concrete should be accompanied by regular wetting of the working drill with water. This will help extend its service life. An elastic plastic bottle is often used as a reservoir.
4 . When you drill a hole in concrete ceiling, follow safety precautions. Plaster crumbs will fly under your sleeves, behind your collar and into your eyes. To protect yourself from them, you need to make it out of polyethylene transparent film a regular funnel that fits directly onto the drill.
5. When installing a chandelier, you will definitely have to drill a hole in the ceiling for subsequent sealing and installation metal hook. If you want to protect the plaster from almost inevitable crumbling, use a regular rubber ball, cut into two parts. A hole is made in one half of the ball, after which it is put on a bolt or punch.
How to punch a hole in concrete?
To punch a hole in a brick or concrete wall, you need to use special bolts, which are made from metal pipes. In the upper part, the bolts must be welded with steel rods using gas or forge welding. These rods will subsequently be struck. If the rods are not welded, the pipe will quickly wear out. On the working part, the teeth must be cemented with cast iron surfacing. It doesn’t hurt to separate them, which will help achieve greater stability of the bolts in operation. If you want to protect yourself from getting your tool stuck while punching holes, you need to rotate the bolt around its axis, remove it regularly, and clean it of concrete or brick dust. The bolt can be used as long as punching a hole in the wall 5 centimeters deep will not result in dulling or coloring of the teeth.
How to punch a hole using a scarpel?
Scarpel is a tool designed for drilling or cutting holes in brick and concrete walls, cutting niches, openings and grooves. Driving the scarpel into concrete may be accompanied by jamming, which should be avoided. If jamming does occur, then under no circumstances hit the scarpel from the side “in a bend.” This will lead to something irreparable. Modern scarpels, which help drill a hole of any size, are made from St.6 steel. The following requirements apply to them. When cutting a strip of steel marked St. 0, 5 centimeters wide and 4 millimeters thick, crumbled places, dents or signs of dullness should not appear on the working part of the tool. At the same time, the question of how to repair the resulting defects is simply not raised.
Mechanized punching holes
If a hole in a concrete wall cannot be made manually, mechanized punching using an electric hammer is used. This tool consists of a body and a striker holder, an electric motor and a converter mechanism. The use of an electric hammer is accompanied by the operation of a striking mechanism with the movements of the striker occurring as a result of the active actions of the converting mechanism. Mechanized punching using an electric hammer, without subsequent sealing, is characterized by a tip strike frequency of 2400 times per minute (standard load). Rental prices for such instruments are quite high.
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In modern buildings, as a rule, the walls and ceilings are concrete. Sooner or later, the need may arise, for example, to hang a lamp shelf or, during renovation, to sheathe the walls with plasterboard, then the problem arises of how to drill through a concrete wall with a drill.
Difficulty in drilling can arise due to a number of reasons. First, the structure concrete panels is heterogeneous and their composition includes iron reinforcement, cement-sand mortars and crushed stone, which makes drilling difficult. Secondly, concrete has high strength and is very difficult to process.
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How are concrete walls drilled?
Before starting work, it is important to decide which drilling device is best to do the job. The choice, of course, is small, since there are two types of wall drilling:
- drill;
- hammer drill
A hammer drill will do this job better, since its function is precisely to punch holes in concrete or stone surfaces. Using this tool, you can make holes with a large cross-section, but even the highest quality hammer drill not capable of more than 12 cm.
But when you need to drill foam concrete walls, a drill will be optimal, since a hammer drill will simply crumble the surface.
When working with concrete walls, you absolutely cannot use a hammerless drill, because it will be pointless, and you can also damage the tool.
When you only have to make a few holes and you don’t have a hammer drill, you shouldn’t buy one because of this; you can get by with a drill. If you have to big job, then buying a rotary hammer is inevitable.
In the case when you still need to work with a drill, it is important not to forget that you need to use a Pobedit drill for concrete and with a tip coated with a carbide compound.
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Diamond drills and other devices
On store shelves you can sometimes find a model of ring drills with a diamond tip. Such products are intended for drilling huge holes with a cross-section of up to 25 cm. It is important to note that such devices are expensive, therefore for home use they are not worth purchasing.
If there is a need to make a hole for a socket or switch, you can use crowns designed for drilling concrete. Cutting part has universal carbide soldering around the circumference.
Such elements have a cross-section from 35 to 120 mm, but products with a cross-section of 68 mm are in great demand, since this is what sockets and switches have. If you are drilling with a crown, it is important not to forget to turn off the hammer drill’s impact function. This device drills holes with a maximum depth of 15 cm. If greater depth is required, it is recommended to use an extension nozzle.
Similar bits are also sold for electric drills. They differ from the previous ones in that instead of soldering they are equipped with a tungsten carbide alloy coating. The advantages of such a device are that if concrete walls are lined tiles, then there is no point in replacing the nozzle, since it works well on concrete surfaces. But we must not forget that such devices can be used for drills with a power above 1000 W.
Most often, drills are used to work with a hammer drill, the cross-section of which ranges from 4 to 80 mm. Many people are faced with the problem of choosing the correct drill diameter. But the smartest thing to do when purchasing a hammer drill is to also purchase a set of concrete drills. But a high-quality kit costs a lot of money, and therefore it is necessary to select the same cross-section as that of the dowel intended for this model.
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Everyone knows that a concrete wall and that's it similar designs have durable qualities and are difficult to drill, since most often when working you can stumble upon crushed stone included in concrete composition, from which wall and ceiling structures. Holes in concrete slabs during construction are carried out quite often:
- during finishing works;
- when installing built-in furniture;
- when installing air conditioners;
- when installing electrical wiring;
- when installing plumbing fixtures.
During the minor household repairs You can get by with a simple electric drill that is not equipped with an impact function.
To do this, in the process of introducing a pobedit drill into concrete surface Periodically, you need to crush the concrete with a metal punch, which must correspond to the cross-section of the hole. It is used when, while drilling, an electric drill starts to get stuck in concrete. Then they place the punch in the hole and hit it, using a hammer or sledgehammer, which helps to crush compacted areas and penetrate deeper. But you need to turn the punch slightly, and then you can start working with a hammerless drill again.
These manipulations should be continued until the holes reach the desired depth. This method is very time-consuming, but suitable for several holes.
Of course, you can also use universal drills with diamond tips. They will do an excellent job with metal, crushed stone, as well as concrete structures. But it is important to note that they are only suitable for an ordinary drill or a device with the vibration mode turned off. When using diamond drills, you should remember that they require cooling during operation.
But a good drilling effect can be achieved by using a hammer drill. Its advantages in combining functions rotational movement with reciprocating motion. When drilling with such a drill, the tip of the drill is able to break the concrete composition, and the drilling process will be the least labor-intensive.
