How to choose a well pump for dirty water. High pressure self-priming mud pumps for cleaning wells and boreholes Surface pump for water with sand

It is impossible to imagine individual water supply for a private home without pumping equipment that delivers water to the consumer; for this purpose, several modifications of electric pumps with different operating principles are used. One of the popular types is a screw pump for a well, mainly used for drawing water from sources whose water basins are located on sand.

Screw (screw) electric pumps, presented on the market as submersible models, are produced by many leading domestic and foreign manufacturers pumping equipment, their cost does not exceed the average price range for this category of units. To choose the right electric pump, consider several classes with different principles of operation, with a screw borehole pump at certain conditions has some advantages over other varieties.

Rice. 1 Popular models of screw pumps

Pumps installed for pumping water, depending on their location relative to the water source, are divided into two groups: surface and submersible.

The first ones are installed on the ground next to the well; a pipe or pressure hose is lowered into the shaft for water intake, while the maximum suction depth (the location of the water mirror from the surface layer of soil) does not exceed 9 m. The overwhelming number of household water-suction outdoor units operate on the centrifugal principle and have average technical characteristics with a maximum volume of pumped liquid of 5 m 3 / h and a pressure of about 50 m, Device efficiency no more than 50%. Usually surface units are included in the package pumping stations, which are a single unit in which, in addition to the electric pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure gauge are installed.

Submersible pumps are presented on the market in several varieties with different operating principles, depending on the design, cost and quality of well water; they are used in household for a variety of purposes.

Rice. 2 Operating principle and design of a centrifugal electric pump

Centrifugal

Centrifugal electric pumps occupy a leading position among other types due to the following design feature arising from their principle of operation - the inlet water flow enters the axis of the impeller and is displaced by its blades through a pipe on the side of the housing. Thus, it became possible to connect any number of centrifugal wheels with chambers (stages) in series with increasing pressure at each stage.

The pressure in domestic modifications reaches 200 m or more, throughput up to 20 m 3 / h, efficiency increases with increasing dimensions of the pump unit and reaches 65% for household high-quality models of Danish and Italian production.

High-quality centrifugal electric pumps from world-famous European concerns are equipped with internal protection from overheating of the winding in the absence of coolant, have a built-in check valve, expensive models are equipped with an electronic unit for controlling the shaft rotation speed depending on the volume of water consumption using pulse-width modulation. This solution allows you to reduce the size of pumping equipment, practically eliminating it, and also save energy, reducing its consumption by 40%.

Centrifugal pumps from the world's best manufacturers of pumping equipment are in high demand among consumers: Grundfos (Denmark), Pedrollo, Speroni (Italy), Wilo (Germany), Russian brands Belamos, Aquarius, Unipump (manufactured in China). It should be noted that the difference in prices between the products of leading foreign companies and products made in Russia or China is quite significant; a high-quality electric pump from Grundfos costs about 1000 USD, while a domestic or Chinese pump with similar characteristics can be purchased for 200 USD. e.

Rice. 3 Vibrating electric pump - device

Vibrating

The manufacturing technology of vibration electric pumps has not undergone significant changes since Soviet times, so there are many Russian brands on the market, there are products made in Ukraine and Belarus, and there are sufficient quantities of Chinese models.

The difference between vibration electric pumps and other types is the absence of rotating parts and, accordingly, bearings; the operating principle is based on the reciprocating movement of the coil armature when applied to its winding alternating current. A rod with a piston that draws in water is welded to the armature of the electromagnet; to prevent the outflow of liquid into the source, a check valve is installed near the inlet holes.

Vibration models have a rather low efficiency of about 35%, the maximum volume of pumped liquid does not exceed 1.5 m 3 / h, and the pressure does not exceed 80 m.

These characteristics are considered not too high to provide water to a private house with even one person living, therefore vibrating pumps are mainly used for economic purposes: for irrigating garden beds, filling swimming pools, ponds, various types water containers, drainage work.

Since vibration types are not too sensitive to the high content of suspended particles in water, they are often used for pumping wells and wells, extracting from them turbid water with clay-sand fractions.

Vibration pumps are classified as budget products price category, their minimum cost is about 20 USD, the average price of a typical high-quality unit is 30 USD. Vibration pumps on the market are represented by a large number of domestic (Rucheek, Malysh, Dachnik, Aquarius, Vikhr, Zubr) and Chinese (Oasis, Patriot) brands.

Rice. 4 Vortex pump - design

Vortex

In vortex varieties, water is sucked through the side opening of the hydraulic part of the housing by the blades of the impeller and then thrown out through a discharge pipe located next to the suction channel.

A feature of vortex pumps is the small distance between the vane wheel impeller and the walls of the working chamber, which is necessary to reduce hydraulic losses, so the units operate only in clean water. The highest pumping volume of household electric pumps of the vortex operating principle does not exceed 5 m 3 / h, the pressure reaches 100 meters, the efficiency is no more than 50%.

In vortex models for household use the feed wheel is located at the top near the outlet pipe, and the electric motor with a vertical shaft on which the vortex wheel is mounted is installed at the bottom.

Liquid suction occurs through a perforated filter located around the impeller - by its location in the upper part near the outlet pipe, it is easy to determine the vortex principle of operation of the electric pump.

On the market, vortex pumps are less common than centrifugal models, domestic producers are represented by the brands Belamos, Whirlwind, Unipump, the Italian deep-well pump Pedrollo Davis is popular.

Rice. 5 Screw pump – internal organization and screw unit

Screw (screw)

Electric pumps that suck in and push out water using the Archimedes screw method are called screw pumps; this is the second most popular group after centrifugal pumps. IN household appliances the auger is located in the upper part and is connected through an adapter coupling to the electric motor shaft.

The advantage of screw electric pumps is their simplicity of design and the ability to work effectively with cloudy and dirty water, as well as with viscous media, thanks to the latter feature, screw modifications are widely used in industry for pumping oils and petroleum products.

Electric screw pumps from world trade leaders (Grundfos, Wilo, DAB, Pedrollo, Speroni) are not available for sale; the units are presented by well-known Russian brands Belamos, Jemix, Whirlwind, Unipump Eco Vint, Aquarius, Sturm group of companies.

On sale you can find screw electric pumps and less popular brands of Russian and Chinese production: Khozyain, Alba, Oasis, Patriot, Vodotok, as well as Sprut from the Ukrainian company Varna from Kharkov.

On a note: Distinctive feature vortex electric pumps domestic production- perforated rectangular holes in the upper third of the body through which water is drawn in.

Rice. 6 Principle of operation of a screw pump

Operating principle and design of a screw pump

In a standard screw household electric pump, the working screw is made in the form of a spiral pin made of corrosion-resistant material, which is chrome-plated steel, stainless steel or high-strength plastic. The liquid sucked in by the rotating screw enters a technical polymer holder and is then pushed out into the upper outlet of the electric pump.

The screw electric pump used in everyday life consists of the following main components (Fig. 7):

1 — Electrical part with a vertically mounted single-phase electric motor with a dry rotor and an oil-filled chamber separating the engine compartment from the hydraulic part; a starting capacitor is located inside the lower part of the housing.

2 — The hydraulic part consists of a housing, a water intake filter and a working auger rotating in a cage made of elastic polymer (rubber) - an assembly of a screw and a rubber coupling pushes the liquid entering the housing through perforated holes 3 to the outlet pipe.

3 — The water intake part is a cylinder made of of stainless steel with holes made in the side walls to draw in water.

4 — On the top cover of the pump, made of brass or stainless steel, there is an outlet pipe and lugs.

5 — The outlet pipe is made with internal thread with a standard diameter of 1 inch, a check valve and a water-lifting hose are attached to it.

6 – A nylon or metal cable in synthetic protective insulation is tied to the eyes.

Rice. 7 Structural device screw pump

Distinctive features and parameters of screw electric pumps

A typical screw pump for wells used in individual water supply has the following technical parameters:

Power supply voltage: AC 220V ± 10%, frequency 50 Hz.
Temperature range of the pumped liquid: from 0 to 35 °C.
pH of pumped water: 6.5 - 8.5.
Operating ambient temperature range: from 0 to +40 °C.
Minimum depth of immersion under the water surface: 0.5 m.
Permissible volume of mechanical particles in pumped water: - no more than 500 g/m 3 , fibrous materials are not allowed in the liquid.
Permissible diameter of mechanical fractions: - 1 mm.
Maximum pressure: 3 m 3 / h, for most models it does not exceed the threshold of 1.5 m 3 / h.
Maximum pressure: up to 200 m, this indicator is a rare exception; most modifications create a pressure pressure of no more than 100 m.

Rice. 8 Main characteristics of Chinese Oasis

The main advantages of screw electric pumps:

Low cost, the price of the cheapest models is about 80 USD, in general all models are cheaper than centrifugal types.
Simplicity of design. The working part consists of a screw and a rubber cage; they are easy to maintain and, if necessary, simply replaced, which makes repairing screw units very simple.
Due to its operating principle, a screw pump for a well can transport liquid with large fractions of sand and clay deposits - this is its main advantage. A submersible screw pump is preferable to use for water intake from well sources on sand, which often have a high content of suspended particles of clay and sand. Although their parts are subject to mechanical stress from solid particles, the service life of a screw pump in turbid sources will be longer than that of centrifugal models.

The disadvantages of screw units include the mediocre quality of many products (chrome-plated screw, quickly abraded holder) and not very high technical characteristics, noticeably inferior to centrifugal types, as well as low efficiency, not exceeding 45%.

Application area

We can say that a screw pump for a well, due to its ability to pump out dirty water, is a leader in the number of areas in which it is used in household management. A screw well pump is purchased for:

arrangement of water supply for cottages and wells;
filling artificial ponds, swimming pools, tanks for heating and drip irrigation;
irrigation of vegetable gardens, orchards and any areas with plants on a personal plot;
carrying out drainage in case of flooding of basements, cellars and basement premises in the house;
pumping wells after drilling operations, some professional companies specifically purchase for these purposes screw pumps;
cleaning wells and wells from silt deposits.

Rice. 10 Parameters of Unipump Eco Vint series screw pumps

Well installation rules

To immerse an electric screw pump into a well, use either an adapter, to which a cable is tied and a water supply pipeline coming from the unit is attached. Usually, before diving, the pressure hose, power supply cable and holding cable are tied together with insulating tape or plastic ties, and the following rules are observed during installation:

Water-lifting pipes can be selected from low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE), steel or flexible elastic polymers, the main condition is the ability to withstand the maximum pressure in the system and the internal bore diameter is not lower than the thread size inside the outlet pipe.
Using flexible hose you need to make sure there are no kinks or twists.
For lowering and lifting, use only a nylon or metal (stainless) cable; it is forbidden to hang the unit by the electrical cable.
Before diving, you should make sure that the internal diameter of the casing is higher than the external dimensions of the pump housing together with the electrical cable, and that the pipes do not have any bends or narrowed areas.
It is not recommended to place the power cable in a coiled coil - this leads to overheating and melting of the insulation.
The minimum distance of the pump from the bottom of the well is 0.5 meters, the optimal is 1 m.
It is prohibited to operate the pump with the tap closed - this will lead to its failure.
Installation in the control system is mandatory even if there is internal automatic protection against winding overheating.
When installing modifications that do not have a built-in check valve, it is installed on the outlet pipe in front of the water-lifting pipeline.

Rice. 10 Scheme of installation and connection of the screw unit

When comparing which well pump is better: centrifugal or screw, there is no clear answer, since the scope of application of these pumping units is slightly different. Screw electric pumps are usually used in situations where it is necessary to work with contaminated water, and due to their relatively low technical characteristics, the well should have a shallow depth or be located closer to an individual house. It is impossible to find European-made screw pumps on the domestic market; all products are supplied to the retail chain by domestic and Chinese companies, so user reviews regarding the quality and materials of manufacture of screw units are contradictory.

Screw pumps are one of the ways to solve the water supply problem, which is suitable for a private home or small farm. These unpretentious devices become the only solution if there is a lot of sand in the well. Equipment of this type works even when the well is heavily sandy or silted; it lifts water with sand, as well as sand with water, without breaking or clogging. Therefore, for weak wells, Abyssinian wells Screw pumps for water are a reliable option that is little dependent on the condition of the source.

Sectional view of one of the types of screw pump

Advantage of screw pumps

The ability to pump water with a large number of inclusions is ensured by the special structure of the internal part of the device.
To understand how a screw well pump works, it is enough to consider a regular kitchen meat grinder, where the main part - a screw or auger - rotates and moves minced meat or other consistency. In the pump, it is placed in a rubber shell and connected to the motor via cardan shaft. Devices designed for pumping large volumes have hard shells and can withstand significant pressure.

When the shaft rotates, the screw moves, which follows the developed trajectory - the turns of the auger and the rubberized inner surface form cavities that constantly rise to the supply hose or pipe.
The liquid moves into the chamber, the pressure forces it to continue moving upward, and areas of rarefaction continue to form in the receiving pipe, which ensures a uniform supply of water from the well.

The design excludes reverse movement water, and also allows the mechanism to cope even with viscous inclusions (this expands the scope of use of the device - it is used for pumping various substances with different degrees of viscosity)

If you carefully examine the sample (or, again, the meat grinder), you will see that sand or other inclusions have nowhere to get stuck or linger - they rise along with the flow of liquid.

This design gives undeniable advantage before equipment for moving water of vortex and centrifugal types, since it is screw pumps for wells that extend the life of the water source and ultimately save a significant amount.
According to the classification, screw pumps belong to self-priming devices with a multi-stage structure. The developed lines of compact models make even weak wells with a minimum diameter viable.

The choice of optimal equipment is influenced by where it will be installed. For installation in a well, samples that are attached to the wall of the well shaft are suitable.
When installing in a well, it is easier - you need a sample with a strong cable. A model designed for standard voltage is suitable for home use.

Types of screw structures

Such devices can be single-screw or multi-screw. For individual use, a single-screw design is usually used; this is enough to provide a home or small household with water.
To drinking water there was no sand, a filter is installed on the inlet pipe rough cleaning with a cell that retains particles with a large diameter

In the picture the filter is already put on the pump

If necessary, the resulting water is filtered - subjected to fine purification.
To determine the need for additional filtration, a water analysis is performed.

Rules for operating a screw pump

In addition to stable performance, independent of water quality, the borehole screw pump allows for self-installation.
An internal structure in which there is literally nothing to break, along with quality materials relieves you of worries about solving the problem for a long time - screw version works for at least 10 years without reminding of itself and without requiring much attention.

A screw pump for a well is cooled during operation - this is done by the pumped liquid. Thanks to this, the auger moves smoothly and no additional seals are required. The engine is located below the inlet holes, this protects it, natural cooling occurs
In addition, the design makes the operation of the device almost silent - it is not audible, even if the well is located within the house
The well will remain operational longer, since there is no vibration that affects the source
Even in case of breakdowns and malfunctions, it is quite possible to replace parts yourself - the design is so simple that a person without special skills can do it
A screw submersible pump can operate not only in wells - there are no requirements for the position of the device: it is located horizontally and vertically. This allows you to freely use it when pumping water from rivers, reservoirs, other containers and sources

Disadvantages of screw pumps

Despite their versatility and incredible reliability, screw pumps have disadvantages - a very short list:

A durable screw well pump is expensive - there are cheap options, but their cheapness is relative. This is due to the technological complexity of its production
There are affordable models, but they are short-lived - for one or two seasons, so if you plan to install for a long time, it is better to consider the products of companies, Russian or foreign, with a price of 200 dollars and corresponding quality
A screw pump for a well is not able to work when idle - it will fail
The volume of liquid supplied cannot be adjusted

Well installation

Installing a screw pump into a well is standard; there are no special features. This is an elongated cylinder with a cable in the upper part, supplied with a power cable; depending on the design of the cables, there may be several. A hose or pipe of appropriate length is connected to the outlet pipe to supply water.

During installation, the depth at which the submersible screw pump will be placed is calculated, and after measurements a mark is placed on the rope or cable.
Some pumps are supplied float switches, therefore, before installation, you should study the instructions, if provided, attach it.

It is important to secure the cable firmly; if the equipment breaks and falls into the well, it will be difficult and expensive to get it out

Indicator correct installation is quiet operation, without noise, vibration, knocking.

Brief overview of screw pump manufacturers

Almost all manufacturers have lines of electric pumps of this type.

The products of the Ukrainian manufacturer “Aquarius” are popular. Narrow, suitable for wells with small diameter (at least 10 cm), relatively inexpensive. Tolerates use in aggressive environments

"Belamos" ( Belarusian stamp) – stainless steel models, often equipped with additional thermal protection for the engine. You can have a device with any power. There are options suitable for small casing diameters

Unipump (Chinese manufacturer) is a cheap, reliable option for sources and wells for which low equipment productivity is recommended. Even if a well or well produces water with a large amount of sand and impurities, this does not have any effect on the operation of the pump. This is a well-known company whose goal is to provide consumers with affordable, efficient equipment. Judging by customer reviews, in most cases the manufacturer succeeds

Grundfos – expensive brand, under which high-quality equipment is supplied. There are models with a diameter of 75 mm, suitable for low-productivity wells and wells, pumping water up to 55 meters. Other screw pumps are presented that can operate in different wells with different productivity

Conclusion

If the water in the well is of poor quality, with sand and silt, a submersible screw pump will solve the problem. It is capable of lifting water with sand without breaking down, and is also used for cleaning silted and clogged wells.
Buying even not the cheapest screw equipment will cost less than drilling a new well.

Autonomous water supply has become a dream for many residents in the Russian Federation.

This is especially true for owners and land plots.

The reason is the constant deterioration in the quality of carriers on central highways.

Then from the very beginning it is necessary to decide on the choice of such a device as a well pump for dirty water.

Borehole pumps for dirty water have found application for different areas vital activity:

Filling containers in fire protection systems.
For those who extract thermal water.
Providing construction and industrial facilities.
Supply of fountains.
When irrigating crops.
For drinking and household needs.

Submersible pumps. About their varieties

Deep vibration pump for dirty water. Considered a universal solution. Used for irrigation in suburban areas. Are different simple maintenance, small in size.
Screw pumps. They work even if impurities are contained in an amount of forty g/m3. They are capable of functioning at a depth of up to one and a half tens of meters and produce a pressure of 90 meters.
For vortex models, the maximum possible amount of sand is the same 40 grams per meter cubed. But the operating depth has been increased to 30 meters. The pump inside consists of a special wheel. Water supply is based on the vortex principle. Such devices create a high pressure indicator, although they weigh very little.
Centrifugal models differ in power. They are capable of lifting water from depths of up to 200 meters. The pressure exceeds a hundred meters. The presence of built-in thermal protection is an additional feature.

Features of choosing well pumps

First, the buyer determines the parameters that the product must have. After this there will be very little to do. Here are some examples:

The facility accommodates 3-4 people. They consume 1.2-1.6 cubic meters of liquid per hour.
We were engaged in the construction of a hydraulic tank with a 100-liter capacity. When turned on, the pressure should be maintained at 2 atm, and when turned off - 3.5.
The distance from the house to the well is 15 meters.
20 meters is equal to the dynamic level.
The productivity indicator is up to three cubic meters per hour.
The borehole diameter or casing pipes are distinguished by their 133-meter size.
Finally, a well was dug to a depth of 50 meters.

Pumps with 3-4 inches are easily suitable for us, if you look at the well dimensions. Only after this we calculate the performance we need.

First we need to find out what height of water rise in the well we need:

20 meters or 2 atmospheres is an indicator of dynamic level.
0.15 atmospheres or 15 meters is the distance between the house and the well.
There is a 3.5-atmospheric pressure indicator when two conditions are simultaneously met: the pump is on plus the water in the hydraulic accumulator is running out.

It is necessary to add up the values that we obtained: 2 + 0.15 + 3.5 = 5.65 atmospheres. If we convert them into meters, it will be 57. This is the minimum level of pressure that is required in these specific conditions.

But it is necessary to take a closer look at the performance in the pipeline and pressure losses. Sometimes these indicators can be quite high.

Especially if the diameters of the outlet of the pipeline and those responsible for transporting the liquid do not coincide with each other. About 10-20 percent are usually losses on fittings and pipes.

How to decide on a brand

Rapid failure occurs when equipment is performed at a low level of quality.

It is best to trust manufacturers whose reputation is beyond doubt.

Here are just a few brands, which have already earned the recognition of buyers around the world.

Russian Belamos.
Water Technics from Taiwan
Lowara from Italy.
Pedrollo from Italy.
Grundfos from Denmark.

The SQE series of pumps produced by the manufacturer Grundfos deserves a separate discussion. The main difference from analogues is the presence of a so-called frequency converter. Thanks to this detail, the likelihood of water hammer occurring is reduced.

Inrush currents do not remain as high as usual. There is an electronic unit responsible for remote control.

It would be best to contact a company that has a license to provide the relevant services. But there are always moments that deserve special attention.

The smaller the diameter of the device, the better. Then the likelihood of jamming will be much less.
The pumps are installed 1 meter below the place where the dynamic water level is located.
The heads of the well with water supply pipes must be below the level at which the soil begins to freeze. To do this, the head is placed in a caisson. Instead, you can use an adapter; this device has a more affordable price.
The length of the cable and the power of the pumps determine the cross-section that the power cable must have.
The cable is connected to the HDPE pipe with plastic clamps; this is done every 3-5 meters.
It is recommended to connect the two cables using a heat-shrinkable sleeve.
Only a stainless steel cable can play the role of a safety structure.

Eat certain rules along with requirements, compliance with which ensures uninterrupted operation over a long period of time. For example, water for these devices is not only a working fluid, but also a cooling liquid. Pumps generally cannot work properly without water.

The liquid level sensor will help avoid the so-called “dry mode” of operation. Thanks to this sensor, the power supply is turned off if the water level drops below critical levels.

Literally all parts of the device must be made of stainless steel. The cost in this case will be higher than that of other analogues, but the costs are recouped.

Stainless steel parts do not have any effect on the taste of water or its composition.
Such structures are not destroyed during oxidation.
Because of this, the cable does not break and the pump does not fail prematurely.

What causes well pumps to break down?

Most users are accustomed to indicating only indirect signs of breakdowns.

These may include high-level electricity consumption, vibrations with interruptions in water supply, high-level noise, reduction, and so on.

The main thing is not to lead to a serious accident, to start acting when even the slightest signs appear.

The pump must be immediately raised to the surface for a thorough inspection.

Small suspended particles together with water have the most serious impact on the pump.

It is acceptable to have different:

After this, the sensors stop working correctly.
Support too high temperature pumped water.
Incorrect fixation of the steel safety rope on the head.
Power and supply circuits operate with poor signals.
An unprotected pump is negatively affected by high voltage surges that occur too frequently.
Approaching the dynamic level to a critical level. Because of this, the parts rub more against each other. Overheating of rotating components appears. Electricity consumption is growing. Finally, the level of resistance increases.
The seal of the case is broken, which leads to moisture penetration inside. What causes malfunctions in operating electronics. The operation of the entire device is disrupted. A possible result if left unattended is the appearance of short circuits.
Fibers together with abrasive particles have a negative effect.

In any case, the pump must be raised to the surface. But you can only study indirect signs and follow the path of exclusion. It is necessary to carefully inspect each of the parts in stock.

The electric motor is checked in the same way. The supply must be checked.

Troubleshooting the pump

The group of serious breakdowns does not include situations with a decrease in the dynamic level inside the device. But this situation has a direct impact on the performance of the device.

The pump quickly fails if it operates in “dry mode”. If this is what caused the problem, the pump is first lowered to a depth deemed safe.

The valve is one of the parts that operate under constant wear and tear. It needs to be changed if water flows through the device and there is too much sand.

Clamps with stainless steel cable – optimal solution for any system. The electrical cable is responsible for the supply of electricity.

A good pump is a device with complexities not only in technical terms. He has plenty of other whims.

The most stringent requirements concern the electrical network, stable operation. Plus or minus ten percent is the permissible deviation for most classic pumping stations.

In the case of submersible pumps, a deviation of 5 percent is allowed. It is better to install voltage stabilizers, then the supply voltage will flow without interruption.

Choosing the right pumps requires careful calculations, but it is not as difficult as it seems.

How to distinguish a dirty water pump from a drainage pump is shown in the video:

If you have decided to equip your own water intake source (well) and at the same time drilled it into the first aquifer (and these are, as a rule, wells for sand), then you will have to thoughtfully approach the choice of pump. Since pumping water contaminated with sand is not possible for every unit. Even the smallest grains of sand from the bottom of the source, accidentally falling into the pump, can damage it forever. And standard washing of equipment will not help here.

What types of pumps will be better for a sand source and how to choose the right device will be discussed below.

In order to understand the purpose for which a pump is so carefully selected for a source of this type, it is not superfluous, and even better, to know its structure. So, the aquifer in in this case is sand deposits. And since the porosity of sand is quite high, the mobility of sand grains is also high. That is, when water moves in the formation and when it enters the well, as well as under the influence of a forced device (in our case deep well pump) sand will rise and fall into the pumped water. Thus, it is possible that dirty water can be supplied to the water supply.

But this is not the biggest problem. Much worse is the fact that the motor of a pump pumping dirty water with sand simply cannot withstand such loads long time, and will burn. In this case, the deep unit cannot be repaired. Now weigh yourself: are you ready to pay a tidy sum again for a new pump and at the same time know that the reason for the breakdown of an expensive device was negligence when choosing a pump?

Important: in order to ensure additional protection water and pumping equipment from sand, professionals, when arranging the bottom of a well, form a natural filter from fine-grade crushed stone and pebbles. This allows you to stop the erosion and movement of sand in the well. This is where it ends casing pipe install a strainer.

Vibration pump

Use this type submersible equipment It is highly not recommended for a sand well. Firstly, the device itself, due to its technical characteristics, does not accept the processing of dirty water.

And secondly, oscillatory movements pump in the well will simply create ideal conditions for the movement of grains of sand in the water. In addition, there is a risk of partial or complete sanding of the well, which will require thorough flushing and pumping with the help of professionals.

Surface pump

Although this type of unit is suitable for working in shallow wells (up to 8-9 meters deep), it cannot process dirty water. Even the smallest percentage of sand inclusion in water can damage the unit once and for all. Moreover, such sensitivity to various components in water is inherent in both vortex and centrifugal units.

Important: surface pumps are the ideal solution for small summer cottage and wells (wells) with low flow rates.

Advantages of a centrifugal pump

The ideal solution for a sand well is a submersible centrifugal pump. Its ability to pump water containing sand, silt or clay allows you to have peace of mind about the unit.

A distinctive feature of this submersible unit is its ability to pump dirty water with sand and other small inclusions. So, for some centrifugal-type models the following indicators are relevant:

Submersible pump “Water Jet” from the manufacturer “Dzhileks” - 150 g/m3;
Deep pump “Aquarius” from the same manufacturer - from 150 g/m3 and above.

Moreover, user reviews indicate that such pump models successfully pump dirty water containing sand up to 1.5 kg/m3.

Important: nevertheless, it is not worth experimenting and letting the equipment wear out. It is better to ensure reliable filtration of the bottom of the well before installing the pump.

Advantages of a screw pump

Another type of high-quality pumping equipment for pumping dirty water. Such a unit works on the principle of the familiar Archimedes screw (a similar screw is installed in all models of meat grinders).

It is known that the ability of a screw submersible pump to pump sand sometimes led to rather long “sausages” of clay and sand rising from the bottom of the well. And the manufacturers of such equipment guarantee that the pump can pump water with a sand content of up to 2 kg/m3.

It is noteworthy that screw-type submersible pumps can be installed both in shallow wells and at fairly great depths (up to 300 meters). In this case, the performance of the unit will be constant.

And one more thing: if you doubt the correctness of your choice and don’t know which unit is better to buy, then consult with professionals. Since before purchasing a pump (surface or submersible), in any case, you need to know such parameters as:

Average daily volume of water consumed per family (house);
Well depth;
Source casing diameter;
Well flow rate.

Only in this case will you be able to choose the most optimal pump model for your sand well.

In everyday life and production, there is often a need to pump out water. This may be needed, for example, to clean reservoirs, wells or boreholes.

But it is not always necessary to “deal” with clean water, free of impurities, sand, silt and other deposits: when the need arises to pump out water with various types of inclusions, sand pumps will help to cope with this task perfectly.

1 What is a sand pump?

The sand pump is pumping equipment: these are single-stage, cantilever, single-entry centrifugal pumps with an impeller (open). Its main task is to pump various types, including sand, abrasive slurries, ore dressing products, as well as alumina production, water with admixtures of clay, silt, etc. However, there are certain restrictions on the physical and chemical properties of that liquid that requires pumping or cleaning.

Indicators that the pumped solution must have:

The temperature can be from 5ºC and not exceed 60ºC.
The density of the pumped liquid is up to 1300 kg/m³.
The concentration of solids (inclusions) should not exceed 25%.
The maximum size of these same inclusions can reach up to 10 mm, no more.
Maximum microhardness – 9000 MPa.

It is better to pay attention to these indicators, since if they are observed, the pumping equipment will operate most efficiently and for a long time.

1.1 Areas of application

The main areas of application of this type of pump are metallurgical, mining, construction and other industries, however, this is not a complete list of areas where it can be useful.

The sludge and sand pump can perform the following tasks:

for cleaning and subsequent filling of trenches (when laying cables, pipelines, etc.);
removal of sludge, silt, settled dirt, clay, Wastewater, various types of household and industrial waste;
for cleaning caissons during construction work;
coastal restoration;
pumping out marble dust;
for cleaning various types of reservoirs;
extracting sand from the ocean floor;
the pump is also suitable for pumping sand from wells and wells;
the drainage pump can be useful in the destruction of gold mining tailings, to improve the operation of the well in ball mills;
in wastewater treatment plants, for the collection well of processing plants, and also to remove materials from settling tanks.

This pumping equipment is not intended for pumping, pumping water and other cleaning work in fire and explosion hazardous conditions.

2 What types of sand pumps are there?

Wet part protection determines the division of pumps by type, and also demonstrates the maximum permissible size of solids that the pump can pass:

Gummed (PR) Particle size up to 2 mm.
Corundated (PC) Particles with a diameter of 1 mm.
Made from wear-resistant cast iron (types P and Pb). Pumps of this type are capable of passing particles of clay, silt, sand and other substances up to 6 mm in size.

Depending on how the shaft is positioned, horizontal and vertical pumps are distinguished. Horizontal models include PR, P, PB, and PC models; vertical models include PKVP and PRVP.

Type P pumps are cantilever horizontal single-stage pumps with an impeller on one side. These centrifugal samples are used for pumping and transferring products obtained as a result of ore beneficiation and alumina production. The material from which the durable part is made is wear-resistant cast iron. The density of the solution is up to 1300 kg/m³. The permissible cavitation reserve is the height below which the designer cannot fall - 2.0 m.
The PB type pump is also horizontal and cantilever. But at the same time, centrifugal pumps of the PB type allow you to have a cavitation reserve of 5.0 m.
PR differs from previous models in that the main part of the flow part is lined with corundum in an organic binder.
Pumps of the PKVP and PRVP types are also cantilever pumps, but they are vertical. They are submersible with supports outside of pumping water or other liquid.

The durable part in PRVP consists of wear-resistant rubber, while in PKVP it is lined with corundum in an organic knit.

2.1 Surface and submersible models

A borehole (in particular, sand) drainage pump can be either surface or submersible in its structure.

In the first case, it is a powerful device with a rotor that pumps water or sludge by sucking it through the working chamber. Such pumps are capable of lifting hydraulic fluids at depths of up to 10 meters.

Advantages of surface pumping equipment:

the ability to transport liquids over fairly long distances;
possibility of continuous long-term operation;
high degree of reliability, since there is no need to immerse in an aggressive aquatic environment.

Flaws:

high noise level;
impossibility of pump operation deeper than 10 meters.

As for submersible models, this is equipment designed for pumping water directly to a well or from a well. During operation, they are immersed under the very thickness of the water and left there until the process of pumping the well is completed.

A device of this type is characterized by greater productivity than the previous type. Their advantage is also the ability to work at deeper depths of a well or borehole ( exact specifications depend on the specific manufacturer and model of pumping equipment).

Strengths of submersible pumps:

small size and weight;
Long-term use without maintenance is possible;
high performance;
drying protection;
it is possible to use it in automatic mode for a drainage well;

Which type of pump to choose - surface or submersible - depends on the depth at which you are going to carry out the work (cleaning process, pumping, etc.), at what speed you need to carry out this work. The issue of price is also important: since submersible samples are more expensive.

2.2 How does a screw well pump work?

A screw well drainage pump is a type of submersible pump that specializes in pumping water from a well (hence the name), and is one of the most popular types of sand pumps.

In these pumps, the working element is a broaching screw or auger (hence the second name - auger). Systems of this type allow their use in wells with high level pollution. The screw design prevents sand and other types of small waste from getting clogged anywhere and blocking the operation of the pump.

And the fact that as the rotor accelerates, productivity increases, but the outlet pressure remains virtually unchanged, makes it possible to use screw pumps not only for pumping and purifying water from a well or well, but also in production, for example, when pumping petroleum products.

Screw models have a number of advantages, including:

Convenience of design. Such pumps are extremely easy to operate: no special knowledge is required.
Easy to repair. Both the mechanical seals and the oil seals are designed in such a way that if the need arises, they can be replaced in the shortest possible time without using any additional equipment.
No vibrations. Screw pumps create virtually no vibrations, despite high power And a large number of working speed. This happens due to the use of rotors with hollow parts drawn out.
Long service life. This advantage“follows” from the previous one: it is precisely because of the absence of vibrations that screw pumps have a long service life.