Very often, home craftsmen and professional craftsmen, use the most different instruments. Most often they use a drill and drill bits. After all, to get a hole required diameter You simply cannot do without such a tool.
When it is necessary to assemble any structure, you have to use special sets of drills. These include different types and designs. Each set is designed for a specific job.
Of course, you always need to know which drill is reliable and durable, which one is better to choose for certain type work.
How to choose a drill for metal processing?
You can determine which tool is best for working with metal if you adhere to certain criteria. You need to know the characteristics, they must meet certain requirements:
- Form;
- Diameter;
- Purpose;
- Possibilities
- Manufacturer.
Hue
Quality is primarily determined by appearance. In first place, in in this case its color stands out.
Grey
A part with this shade is one of the most vulnerable. It has not been subjected to any treatment to increase its resistance to combustion and possible deformation. Its cost is low. It may not be enough even to complete one technological task.
Black
This is the color of instruments that have been treated with superheated steam. As a result, strength and service life have increased. Their cost is much higher, but remains within the range of availability.
Pale golden color
These tools were tempered during manufacture. The purpose of this treatment is to reduce internal stress, after hardening the metal, increase strength.
Bright golden hue
One of the most expensive instruments, as they contain titanium. Due to this, the drills have very high strength. The service life of such a tool is measured in years.
Drill sizes
To drill a hole in metal parts, each manufacturer produces a tool with parameters that may differ from the dimensions of other manufacturers.
However, there is GOST, which provides a complete classification of drills. All tools are divided into groups:
Short, having minimum diameter from 0.3 mm, and maximum 20 mm. In this case, the length is in the range of 20 - 131 mm.
Elongated. The diameter is exactly the same as the short ones, but maximum length can reach 205 mm.
Long ones have a minimum diameter of 1 mm, and a maximum of 20 mm. The length of the tool ranges from 56 to 254 mm.
Drill materials and their markings
In order to know how to choose metal drills correctly and competently, you need to know what kind of metal will be processed. Only under this condition will it be possible to do right choice. The instrument marking includes such data.
HSS-R and HSS-G
This tool can be used to process steel with a strength of up to 900 N/mm². Easy to work with non-ferrous metals. This drill is suitable for malleable and gray cast iron.
HSS-G Co 5
This marking indicates strength - 1100 N/mm². Holes can be made in most types of steel. For example, stainless steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, and so on.
HSS-G TiAN/TiN
To drill a hole in titanium, the tool is coated with a special coating, which includes:
- Titanium;
- Aluminum;
- Nitride.
The surface becomes resistant to corrosion, cuts metal easily, and retains its original appearance. for a long time. With this tool, holes are drilled in metal, the strength of which reaches 1100 N/mm². The list of processed metals and alloys includes:
- Gray cast iron;
- Bronze;
- Brass;
- Cupronickel.
In addition to the listed steel grades, others are also used in production. chemical substances. One of them is cobalt. It gives the tool high strength, resistance to deformation and thermal effects.
Carbide drills located in separate group. It must be said that each manufacturer chooses the material for the manufacture of such instruments according to his own technological process. The main advantage is the ability to process workpieces that are thick and made of very hard alloys. The drill has an acute sharpening angle, due to which the labor intensity of the work is reduced.
Today, you can see a huge range of such tools on the market. The fact is that it is used not only for working with metal. It can also be used to process other materials:
- Wood;
- Ceramics;
- Plexiglas;
- Plastic;
- Concrete.
Flat drills
They have interesting name- feathers. They differ in the shape of the sharpening. Main the advantages are:
- When working, do not allow distortions;
- Very simple design;
- Low cost.
Negative characteristics include a decrease in diameter during sharpening; chips are not automatically removed from the hole.
A variety of such tools are cone drills. Minimum section is equal to 6 mm, and the maximum reaches 60 mm. They are usually used to operate special equipment. This can be a two-handed drill or a stationary drilling machine. The shank has a conical shape. Using such a tool, large cross-section holes are produced.
This type is the most popular. Tool has a cylindrical appearance, and deepening grooves are laid along the surface. They are specially designed so that during operation the chips are discharged outward. Depending on the type of shank, twist drills are divided into several types:
Ordinary cylindrical. The diameter of the drill for metal is no more than 12 mm. They are used in everyday life and at work.
Core drills. This tool is used to obtain large holes, the diameter of which exceeds 30 mm. This tip has the appearance of a crown, on which teeth are often located. This tool is best used to process thin metal.
Threaded drills. Their direct purpose is to obtain a hole for cutting threads. The diameter of the tool should be a millimeter smaller than the size of the hole.
Step drills. A universal tool that allows you to simultaneously produce a hole with several diameters. They are mainly used when processing sheets with a thickness of no more than 2 mm.
Left hand drills. This tool was specially created for unscrewing hardware:
- Shurupov;
- Screws;
- Bolts;
- Self-tapping screws.
High precision drills. Designed to receive especially exact hole . The cost depends on the accuracy class; the higher, the more expensive.
In conclusion, I would like to give a little advice. When choosing best drill, pay attention to all the above criteria. They will help you make the right choice so that you can use the tool for a long time in the future and always get the desired result.
Choosing a tool for apartment renovation. Choosing the right drills.
Drill – universal tool, which is simply indispensable when carrying out repairs of all kinds of complexity. Today there are a lot types of drills, and therefore it is very important not to make a mistake and make the right choice, so that later you do not have to replace, or even simply throw away such a tool if it fails prematurely. The site will tell you how to make the right choice.
Essentially all drills differ only in their appearance (diameter and length), as well as the material for which they are designed to work and, as a result, sharpened. Accordingly, it is necessary to initially select the size of the drill (it is necessary that such a tool matches the thickness of the material that will be drilled, or self-tapping screws, anchors, etc.). Next, you should select drills depending on the work that will be carried out.
Selecting a drill for metal
Metal drills differ from conventional drills (meaning those used for wood processing) in their versatility. Such a tool is indispensable when working with metals and can be used to create holes in alloyed and unalloyed steels, cermets, cast iron and non-ferrous metals.
The most common today are twist drills for metal. As a rule, such metal drills are a cylindrical rod in which two helical grooves are made, forming cutting edges. These grooves are made at an angle of 10-45° to the axis of the cutting tool.
You should also pay attention to the material from which the drill is made. By far the most quality tool for metal processing is made from high speed steel(for example, R6M5) or alloyed (9ХС). Such drills have increased durability and strength, and also make it possible to achieve maximum results in progress.
Choosing a drill for concrete
Concrete is a strong and powerful material, which is very difficult to process, especially to drill a hole. As a rule, special drills tipped with tungsten and cobalt hard alloy (“win”) are used for drilling concrete. Moreover, thanks to the use modern technologies In the manufacture of cutting tools, drills made from modified tungsten-cobalt alloys have appeared on the market.
For processing brick or concrete, drills with soft or medium soft tips are used. In the same case, if you need to process granite or other hard materials (for example, the same tile), then you simply cannot do without the use of Pobedit drills with plates of medium and high hardness (in addition, a series of teeth and reverse sharpening are performed on them).
Wood drill bits: how to choose?
For wood processing modern market offers widest choice highly specialized cutting tool. In particular, it is simply impossible to imagine working with wood without the use of three main types of drills:
- Twist drills are sharpened metal spirals that are used to create holes in wood without large diameter(8-28 mm), but quite significant depth (300-600 mm). Thanks to its spiral shape, such a tool is very easy to remove from working area after completion of work.
- Feather drills, as a rule, are used in cases where it is necessary to create any blind hole in wood with a diameter of 10 mm or more. It should be noted that such a drill can only be used to create holes, since due to the absence of cutting edges on the side surface, it is simply impossible to drill out what is already there.
- Cylindrical (ring, core) drills are widely used to create large diameter holes (from 26 mm). The main advantage of using such drills is the ability to obtain a neat hole without scoring or other defects, as well as high processing efficiency.
When choosing drills for work, you need to pay attention to their appearance. If we are talking about a truly high-quality tool, it should not have chips, dents, scratches or other defects. The cutting edges must be well sharpened along the entire length and have a uniform color.
When choosing drills, regardless of the material for which they are intended for processing, you need to pay attention to their color - it is easy to determine from it the finishing hardening treatment that was carried out:
- Steel gray – no treatment carried out.
- Black – the drill has been treated with superheated steam to harden it.
- Golden – the drill has undergone tempering treatment to relieve internal stresses in the metal.
- Bright gold – a layer of titanium nitride is applied to the surface of the instrument, designed to strengthen it and extend its service life.
It would not be amiss to note the fact that when choosing a drill, you also need to pay attention to the manufacturer. It is best to give preference to famous companies that have been on the market for more than one year. Only in this case can you avoid counterfeits and unnecessary waste of money.
Nowadays, buying a high-quality metal drill is a real problem; most drills are Chinese, their quality leaves much to be desired. The quality of a drill depends, first of all, on the grade of steel from which the drill is made.
Most modern metal drills are made of R6M5 steel, although the difference between modern drills and drills from the USSR (with a quality mark) is simply huge, Chinese drills instantly roll up and it is impossible to drill even an ordinary corner made of 3mm iron with them. One drill is enough for several holes. However, there are also high-quality drills that last a long time.
Let's look at the steel grades, because the quality and durability of the drill depends on this.
P18 is now a legendary steel. Containing 18 percent tungsten, this steel supports metal processing even at high speeds. Drills made of P18 steel do not overheat, endure for a long time and drill well. True, finding the real ones is a whole problem. IN Soviet time R18 steel was used very widely for the manufacture of metal-cutting tools, but after the 70s, tungsten reserves were depleted and it was replaced by steel with a lower tungsten content - R6M5.
R6M5 - 6 percent tungsten, 5 percent molybdenum. Standard steel for metal-cutting tools. If the drill for metal is a Soviet one made from R6M5, then it is perfect for everyday use at home; such drills last for a long time, although they cannot drill through more hardened iron. The following drills with the addition of cobalt are suitable for this.
R6M5K5 is the same as R6M5, only 5 percent cobalt is added, which makes these drills even stronger and more durable. Cobalt drills are suitable for drilling where high temperatures are generated during drilling. Photo:
Excellent for drilling stainless steel and other hardened steels. In general, if ordinary drills do not take iron, then buy one with cobalt, you will feel the difference.
HSS is a foreign analogue of high-speed steel, translated as High Speed Steel, that is, steel for working at high speeds. HSS drills are similar in composition to the standard P6M5 high-speed cutter.
By the way, hss also comes with the addition of cobalt; drills are marked HSS-Co. Drills with this marking will be identical to our R6M5K5. Drills with cobalt - for drilling stainless steel and other durable steels.
It is also worth mentioning specialized ones, they are soldered and also come with crowns, if you are looking for information, follow the link, I prepared an article at the request of workers.
In general, if you decide to buy high-quality drills for your home, then I would recommend first asking around for drills from the USSR era; if they have a quality mark on them, then this is generally better than that. Soviet ones are inexpensive, you can even look at flea markets, you can probably find something there too.
Sovdepov drills are great tool. If you take imported ones, then they cost a lot, for example, 6 mm HSS-Co drills cost around 70-80 rubles, while a similar Soviet one can be bought for 20-30 rubles.
Metal drills are indispensable tools, which are used in production and at home for drilling holes in objects with increased strength. When choosing this type of tool, first of all, it is necessary to focus on its declared performance characteristics, material of manufacture, sharpening angles and coating. Experts first of all recommend paying attention to the sharpening angles of cutting steel. The best metal drills, the ratings of which are presented below, have proven themselves with the best side and received greatest number positive feedback from consumers.
Irwin TurboMax 10503992
Irwin TurboMax 10503992 opens the rating of the best drills for metal. The tool is designed for work such as drilling holes in metal objects, in plastic, as well as wood. Drill bits are also suitable for drilling holes in of stainless steel with the mandatory use of coolant. The tip of the tools included in the kit is distinguished by a special sharpening, which ensures high drilling speed. The set includes 15 drills of different diameters and are highly durable. The cost of the kit is approximately 3,000 rubles.
Hawera HSS-C Spiral Bohrer GQ-32692
Hawera H.S.S.— C SpiralBohrer GQ-32692 included in the list of the best metal drills. The set contains 25 twist drills with a diameter from d 1.0 mm - 13.0 mm x with a diameter step of 0.5 mm. The surface of the working tools is coated with titanium nitride, which gives them special hardness and heat resistance. The tools are made of high-quality high-speed steel and are fully ground. These drills boast a long service life and impeccable operation throughout the entire period of operation. GQ-32692 is excellent for steel, alloy and non-alloy castings, brass, bronze, cast iron and cast iron. You can buy such a kit for 6,000 rubles.
DeWALT DT7926 Extreme2 HSS
DeWALT DT7926 Extreme2 HSS– one of the best metal drills that can be used both in production and at home when working with drills. They provide the cleanest and most precision drilling, and are also characterized by high speed in operating mode. The nanotechnology design of the tool prevents damage to the edges of the hole. The tip of the device has three flat edges that provide reliable fastening in the cartridge. The kit includes 29 drills with a diameter from 1 to 13 mm. The cost of a complete set is 5,000 rubles.
Bison MET-SH H19 R6M5
Bison MET-SH H19 R6M5– drills from a domestic manufacturer, included in the list of the best. Used for drilling both alloy and carbon steel. The tools are made of high-speed steel R6M5, have a cylindrical shank and are characterized by high accuracy and drilling speed. They are self-centering due to the cross-shaped point. The set contains 19 pieces of devices with a diameter from 1 to 10 mm. You can purchase MET-SH H19 in an eraser box for 1000 rubles.
AEG HSS-G 4932430416
AEG HSS-G 4932430416 are some of the best metal drills available price category. The devices are completely ground and made of high-strength and heat-resistant steel. The cutting head of the tool has a cross-shaped sharpening with an angle of 135 degrees, which ensures good alignment without the need for a core. 4932430416 able to withstand high temperatures as a result of heating during drilling. Suitable for working with high-alloy steel and metal with a strength of more than 1000 N/mm². The set contains 19 pieces with a diameter from 2 to 10 mm. You can buy a set for 1500 rubles.
Metabo Bestell-Nr. 27,094 HSS-G
Metabo Bestell-Nr.27 094 H.S.S.— G– one of the best drills designed for metal work. Spiral type devices have a cylindrical shank with a 135 degree sharpening of the tip, which ensures fast and accurate drilling. In total, the set contains 25 pieces, the diameter of working tools varies from 1 to 13 mm. The cost of the set is approximately 1,700 rubles.
Anchor 25219
Anchor 25219 included in the rating of the best metal drills. The set includes tools of various diameters (from 1 to 10 mm). There are 19 working items in total. The tip of the devices is made of high-strength hard alloy, which ensures high speed and long service life. Enkor 25219 belongs to the category of budget drills intended for metal. It is quite possible to purchase a set of 19 pieces from a Russian manufacturer for 1000 rubles.
Wurth Zebra Spiralbohrersatz HSS are one of the best drills designed for working with metal. Made from high-speed steel HSS. The devices provide maximum accuracy and drilling speed, and are also characterized by increased strength. Ideal for drilling holes in structural steel with a strength of up to 1000 N/mm², cast iron and plastic. Suitable for use in vertical drilling machines and electric drills. It is recommended to use a special coolant during operation. The kit includes 13 drills with different diameters, which are supplied in a plastic case. The cost of such a kit is approximately 700 rubles.
Attack N802-6
Attack N802-6 are not only one of the best, but also the most affordable metal drills. The tools included in the kit have excellent durability and provide good speed work. There are 8 pieces in total in the set. The diameter of the drills varies from 3 to 10 mm. The hardness is 65.8 HRC. N802-6 provide not only high performance, but can last quite a long time. You can purchase a reliable tool kit from a Russian manufacturer for only 600 rubles.
Bosch 2607017154
Bosch 2607017154 complete the list of the best metal drills. This set is designed for making both through and blind holes in sheets of alloy and non-alloy steel with permissible limit strength 900 N/sq.mm., copper, bronze, plexiglass, etc. Bosch 2607017154 are made of high-strength, high-quality and high-speed steel coated with titanium nitride. Not suitable for drilling aluminum. When working with the product, it is recommended to use coolant to increase service life. The kit is sold in a special plastic, shock-resistant box. In total, the set includes 25 pieces, the diameter of the products varies from 1 to 13 mm. You can purchase a set for about 3,000 rubles.
The density of the metal is so high that to process it it is necessary to use special tools and mechanisms. To make a hole in this material, drills and drilling machines, in which the main cutting element are drills.
Which metal drills are better? It is not easy to determine, because there are universal products that would be suitable for processing all types metal products, does not exist. An experienced craftsman will be able to “by eye” determine the type of metal and quickly select the appropriate cutting tool for processing.
A beginner in this business needs to start with the basics. First, study the classification of drills and their scope of application, because best models- These are products that are ideal for processing a specific type of metal.
What types of drills are there, according to markings and appearance Find out in this article how to choose the right product for the job.
To choose the best models, you need to understand the types of drills.
Spiral
Classic, cylindrical drills, which are most often used for drilling metals. Typically, spiral products are made of HSS steel.
The material is a high-quality cutting type of steel, so the gimlets made from it are highly durable and durable.
Conical (stepped)
The cutting surface has the shape of a cone, for which this type drill and got its name. Conical drills are used to make holes in thin metal, as well as to correct defects from other cutting tools.
The energy consumption for making a hole in this way is several times lower, due to small area contact of the tool with the surface being processed.
The advantage of using this type of drill over others is the production of large diameter holes. In this case, it is possible to obtain better quality edges than when working with spiral models.
Feathers
A special type of flat gimlet with replaceable working edges is used for drilling metal. Such products allow you to make high-quality, perfectly straight holes.
No distortion during the drilling process and the ability to make a large diameter hole in various metal structures, allows many craftsmen to abandon the use of spiral products.
The low cost of feather drills allows in many cases of metal processing to call them the best for drilling holes.
These are the main types of drills used for making holes in metal structures.
Classification of drills by material of manufacture
Which metal drills are the best for drilling particularly strong alloys is quite simple to answer:
- To process such material, you should choose products that have cutting edge a plate of increased hardness is located. Such gimlets are the best for processing hard alloys.
- The price of such products is low due to the fact that the main body of the cutting tool is made of ordinary tool steel.
Drills made of metal alloyed with cobalt have good characteristics.
They can withstand increased mechanical loads and excessive heat work surface while working. The cost of the products is high, but if it is necessary to make holes in a hard alloy, then cobalt analogues are the best for performing such work.
Titanium drills are not inferior in strength to cobalt drills, and when drilling alloy steels and non-ferrous alloys they show even better results.
At correct use, titanium models retain their factory sharpening for a long time, which will allow you to perform a significantly larger volume of work.
Inexpensive metal drills are made from ordinary high-speed steel P9 and P18. The cutting tool copes with its function perfectly, but the working surface quickly becomes dull, especially when a certain temperature threshold is exceeded.
Marking of cutting products
Marking drills for metal is necessary to determine the type of steel from which the cutting tool is made. The product also indicates its diameter, accuracy class and manufacturer (country). Only spiral gimlets with a diameter of less than 2 mm are not marked.
In other cases, drill markings may have the following meanings:
- P9 - made of high-speed steel with a tungsten percentage of 9%.
- P9K15 - indicates the presence of cobalt in the high-speed steel in an amount of 15%.
- Р6М5К5 - indicates the presence of a complex composition of cutting steel containing tungsten, cobalt and molybdenum.
Imported products have the HSS designation, which can be used to determine the composition of the material from which the drill was made. The HSS drill, which will be explained below, is used with an additional letter, which determines the presence of alloying metal.
HSS marking:
- HSS-E - contains cobalt. Used in processing metals of high viscosity.
- HSS-Tin - has titanium coating, which significantly increases the hardness of the working surface, and the temperature resistance of the material increases to +600 degrees.
- HSS-E VAP is a cutting tool used for processing stainless materials.
- HSS-4241 - designed for drilling aluminum.
- HSS-R - have maximum strength.
By marking the cutting tool, you can determine for what metal and in what mode the drill can be used. If the marking is not visible, then the purpose of the drill can be determined by the color of the product.
Visual identification of drill type
By the appearance of the cutting gimlet, you can determine the type of material from which the products are made and thereby find out the mechanical strength of the sample. By color you can determine the composition and quality of workmanship.
Grey
Drill gray are made of metal that has not been subjected to any additional processing.
The quality of the tool, in this case, leaves much to be desired, but for one-time use such products are quite suitable.
Black
This color indicates that the tool was treated with superheated steam. During processing, the product acquires greater strength.
It perfectly tolerates numerous cycles of heating and cooling of the metal, and also maintains the sharpening of the working surface for a long time.
The price of black metal drills is not much higher than gray products, so if you have a choice, you should give preference to tools of this type when purchasing.
Dark golden
This color indicates that the cutting tool has been tempered. This type of processing significantly increases the mechanical strength of the product as a result of reducing internal stresses.
With a tempered drill, you can successfully process high-strength metals, so if you are drilling too hard alloys, it is recommended to purchase a similar model.
Bright golden
The bright golden color indicates that metal made with the addition of titanium was used in production.
Despite high cost such models, it is much more practical to purchase a high-quality drill than to use cheap cutting tools that complex work will need to be used in large quantities.
Thus, it is easy to determine the quality of products by appearance and decide which metal drills are best to buy.
Classification by size
To choose the best drill and not overpay, it is enough to know what length sizes these products are usually divided into. If drilling metal does not require making deep holes, then purchasing models that are too long will lead to cost overruns.
It is customary to classify drills by length as follows:
- Short, 20-131 mm long. Tool diameters are in the range of 0.3-20 mm.
- Elongated, length is 19-205 mm, and diameter is 0.3-20 mm.
- Long series with a diameter of 1-20 mm and a length of 56-254 mm.
When performing drilling work of various depths, you should select the tool that is most suitable for the specific task.
The best manufacturers
To purchase drills and be sure that the declared characteristics are completely true, you need to choose the right manufacturer.
Companies that value their reputation do not sell products of proper quality. Therefore, when choosing metal drills, you should give preference to manufacturers who have been on the market for a long time.
Among the newcomers, there may also be worthy producers. But in order to find out that a good quality product is on sale, you need to make a purchase, which often represents a “lottery”.
The best manufacturing companies:
1. Bosch - products of the German company have long proven themselves only with positive side. Despite quite high price products, when purchasing Bosch drills, you can rest assured of excellent quality. It is convenient and profitable to purchase tools from this company as a set.
Whichever set of drills you take, any one will only contain highest quality products that will last for many years, provided proper storage and use.
2. "Bison" - domestic manufacturer, whose products are maximally optimized in terms of price-quality ratio. You can purchase the products of this company either in a single copy or in the form of a set. The last option will save you a lot of money cash, despite the significant cost of the kit.
3. Soviet-made drills - this category of cutting tools can be classified as an “endangered species.” With due diligence, you can purchase a rarity that has unsurpassed technical characteristics.