The Twilight forest mod adds a new dimension to us that is filled with adventure, the world is huge, like the normal world, and almost all is covered with trees. This world is more mysterious and fantastic than the usual one. It is constantly dark here, which gives this world a unique, dark atmosphere. Large trees with their crowns cover the Twilight Forest from sun rays, forming a kind of dome. He is only occasionally pierced by huge trees, so huge that they stretch up to the sky. The terrain here is flatter than in the overworld, but sometimes you can find hills containing caves full of valuable ores, treasures, and dangerous monsters.
How to build a portal to the twilight forest:
In order to get into this world, we need to create a portal. For the portal we need to dig a 2x2 hole and fill it with water. To surround this pit with plants, any plants (dandelions, poppies, reeds, seedlings) are suitable). Next, we throw one diamond into the hole and lightning should hit our portal. Ready! Our portal is activated!
Since version 1.7.10, the author has added a progress system to us. What does it mean? This means that we need to complete achievements to reach this or that boss or dungeon. That is, we will not be able to immediately kill Hydra or the Snow Queen. Locations that we have not yet opened will not be available to us. In them, negative effects will be imposed on us. And there will be so-called barriers around us (Visual effects)
Bosses and Adventures:
First of all, we need to kill any creature. 
We can find Naga in the Naga Arena. Naga Arena is the area where the Naga boss spawns.
This place is surrounded by a fence made of Naga stone, mossy cobblestones and stone bricks various types. Naga is the easiest boss. It drops 6-12 Naga hearts, as well as a large amount of experience. In order to complete the “Naga Killer” achievement, we need to pick up the Naga trophy.
The next task will be to kill the Lich.
The lich appears as a tall skeleton (about three blocks tall), wearing a purple robe and a golden crown on his head. Also, he has different eyes: one is red, the other is burgundy. After appearing, five shields rotate around him; in hand is a Twilight Staff that emits blue bubbles.
When a Lich dies, one of three staves drops: Twilight Staff, Zombie Staff, or Death Staff.
The following also drop out: a golden sword, a golden cuirass, golden leggings, or all together; two bones and an edge pearl. After we picked up the Lich trophy, we complete the “Assassin of the Dead” achievement. In order to open the next task we need to pick up the staff of the dead. 
After this, we need to find the Labyrinth of the Minotaur. He is in a swamp.
In the labyrinth we need to kill the mushroom centaur. This is a mini-boss. It is a hybrid of an ordinary minotaur and a mushroom cow. He spawns on the second level of the Minotaur Labyrinth in a room with large mushrooms. He deals damage with a powerful ax that drops when this boss dies. This ax can be repaired using diamonds on an anvil. Most the best option When fighting this boss, break the big mushroom block and just beat it. After we receive the soup from the Minotaur, we complete the task “The Mighty Stroganov.” 
Hydra. This boss can be found near a large cave with many ores. 
Hydra represents the three-headed blue dragon. She only takes damage to the head, the most damage can be done to her by shooting her in the mouth when she opens it. The Hydra is in a cut hollow hill in the fire swamp. When you kill her, you will receive several vials of fiery blood and a Hydra trophy. You also get two achievements! 
Now we can go to the Dark Forest!
To enter the main part of the fortress you will need a trophy - the head of a Hydra, Naga, Lich or Ghast, dropped from the corresponding bosses. Six ghostly knights who have emerged from their graves and are now trying to escape from their tomb, which is located in underground city goblins to take revenge on his enemies. They wear Phantom Armor and throw iron weapons. From the phantoms we get the royal pickaxe, axe, helmet and cuirass of the phantoms. All these things will be enchanted with quite good enchantments. Along with these things we get an achievement. 
After the battle with the phantoms, we can go to the ghast tower!
The High Ghast is the leader of all the Carminite Ghasts in the Dark Tower. It has a size of 8x8x8 blocks and several additional tentacles on the sides. Shoots 3 giant fireballs at a time. Constantly spawns baby carminite ghasts, and when large quantities the damage received can go into “Tantrum” - a state where this boss will cry giant ghast tears, it will rain, the boss will receive 3/4 less damage and will continuously create cubs. Fortunately, in Tantrum, the High Ghast cannot attack. After death, a chest will spawn with fiery blood, carminite and a trophy - a small copy of the boss himself. For defeating him we get an achievement.
In order to complete the next achievement we need to kill the almo-yetti and get his fur.
The formidable Almo Yeti, much stronger than his brothers. After killing this boss, warm yeti fur falls out, which protects the player from the spell of the Snow Queen. Yetty will pick you up and throw you away, causing damage. Also, when he is angry, icicles will start falling from the ceiling, beware of them!
After the death of Almo-Yeti, we complete the achievement. 
After killing the yetti, we need to go to Aurora Castle, where the snow queen lives.
When killed, a head, a triple bow and several stacks of snowballs fall out. Congratulations! We received another achievement. 
To get the last achievement we need to find a fire lamp. She is located in a cave in this biome:
But before you go into the cave you need to find the giants! They are located above the same biome on a floating island
He kills the giant with a huge pickaxe and goes to the cave.
I will say right away that there are many caves on this mountain; it will be quite difficult for us to find the one we need. But using the cave mode on our map it is easy to figure it out. In the cave we find a huge masonry with giant obsidian. We break it with a giant pickaxe and see two chests. One of these chests will contain our lamp. And the achievement is completed.
- Magic feather. The item is needed to create a magic card. Craft crow feather, glow dust and torch.
- Magic core. An item that can be found in the Minotaur's Labyrinth. Needed to create an anti-workbench and a maze map
- Metal of the ancients. Can be found in treasuries in the Twilight Forest. You can also craft from an iron ingot, a gold nugget and a mossy root. Used to create armor and tools from ancient metal. In this case, things will be automatically enchanted.
— Fiery blood and tears. You can get it by killing Hydra and High Ghast. Used to create fire ingots which can be used to make armor and tools. In this case, things will be automatically enchanted.
- Staff of the dead. Dropped by Lich when pressed RMB spawns a zombie minion Green colour, he is stronger than his brothers and attacks hostile mobs. Burns in the sun and dies a minute after spawning; to recharge, place the scepter in the crafting grid along with rotten flesh and a potion of rage.
- Staff of Death. Dropped by Lich when pressed RMB takes away health from the mob the cursor is hovering over and adds it to the player. To recharge, place it in the crafting grid along with the prepared spider eye.
- Twilight Staff. Dropped by Lich when pressed RMB fires ender pearl-like projectiles that deal 5 damage each. Can fire 99 of these projectiles, then requires reloading by placing them in the crafting grid along with an Ender Pearl.
- Heart of Naga. Used to craft armor. Can be found in the Twilight Forest Dungeons and can be obtained as a reward for killing Naga.
- Fan of flight. When used, gives the player a jumping effect for several seconds. Also, if used on creatures, the fan will push them back several blocks. The fan can be found in treasuries in the Twilight Forest.
— Queen of the caterpillars. When you press RMB She places a caterpillar on the block that will glow. The Caterpillar Queen can be found in treasuries in the Twilight Forest.
- Attracts ore if you press and hold RMB.
- Triple bow. The bow shoots 3 arrows at once. You can get it by killing the Snow Queen. Deals 10 damage.
- Ice bow. Obtained from Aurora Castle. Freezes its target, causing it some damage.
— Ender bow. If you shoot it at a mob, the player will switch places with the mob. In this case, the bow deals 8-10 damage.
- Seeker's bow. Deals 8-10 damage to the victim. Has homing properties.
- Pickaxe of the labyrinth. This is a special pickaxe that can only be found in the labyrinths added by the Twilight Forest mod. main feature this pickaxe is that only it can quickly destroy the stones of the labyrinth; other pickaxes destroy the labyrinth stones very slowly, and their durability decreases 16 times faster than normal. It is also worth noting that this pickaxe is not found in ordinary chests in the labyrinth; it can only be found in a secret room on the second level of the labyrinth.
— The fire set provides good protection; it sets the creature on fire during an attack. The fire pickaxe has the ability to automatically smelt ores. The flaming sword sets the creature on fire when it attacks.
- Anti workbench. A block similar to a regular workbench, but allowing you to both assemble and disassemble things; the latter requires experience. If the disassembled tool has been used, then some of the ingredients will not be available for crafting.
Has easy crafting.
Biomes other:
The main biome of the Twilight Forest mod. In it, like in many others, you can find special trees, new mobs, structures and much more. There are also mushrooms, ferns, tall grass, and several passive mobs (rams, wild boars, deer). Not to be confused with the Illuminated Forest! In the Twilight Forest biome, flowers are not generated in such quantities, and there are no “lanterns” made of fence and glowstone on the trees.
In the biome you can often find deer, rams and wild boars. These are ordinary pigs, cows and sheep. They can be turned into their prototypes by clicking on them with transformation powder, which can be found in chests.
You can also find a druid's house in this biome. It is a house made of cobblestones, mossy cobblestones, with brick pipe And wooden roof. There is a Skeleton Druid spawner in the house.
Druids spawn in the Druid's House, or the Dark Forest (they are sometimes found riding spiders there). They are very difficult to spot in the forest because of their clothing. They have 20 health units and deal 3-5 damage. As a drop you can get: 0-2 bones, 0-2 torches and as a rare drop a golden hoe.
Illuminated Forest— a new biome in the Twilight Forest modification from version 1.7.2. In general, the biome is similar to the Twilight Forest, but unlike it, this biome has many flowers, including the flowers from version 1.7.2, as well as jars of fireflies hanging on fences that are attached to trees.
Monsters practically don’t spawn in this beautiful biome, because it’s always light there, but friendly mobs like the rams from Twilight Forest spawn. There are also a lot of pumpkins in this biome.
Dark forest- one of the biomes that the Twilight Forest mod adds.
The dark forest is a rather creepy place, since it is absolutely dark there: the dense cap does not allow light to pass through. In this regard, going there without torches or a potion of night vision, or the Queen of Caterpillars and any preparation is practically pointless, and the constantly flickering and densely growing trees can get confusing. Recently, this biome has been emitting a special blinding aura, making it very difficult to be there even on the foliage; Closer to the heart of the forest, the foliage turns fiery red.
The blindness effect will disappear when you kill the Hydra.
You can walk along the top of this biome and not be afraid that you might fall through - there are no gaps in it. There are also sometimes lakes with water, sometimes lakes with lava; Perhaps this is a bug, perhaps a joke by the developer. An interesting fact is that the foliage of the trees in this forest does not burn in fire and lava.
In the dark forest biome, two unique mobs spawn - the wolf king and the spider king. Both of them are about twice the size of their prototypes and in absolute darkness will cause a fair amount of trouble if noticed.
The Wolf King has 30 health and deals 6 HP damage to the player. It has no drops. It is twice as large as its counterpart from the ordinary world. The misty wolf itself has a scarlet color, but in the darkness of its “native” biome it is transparent. Sometimes inflicts blindness on the player
The Spider King is a huge yellow-brown spider. In the pitch darkness of the Dark Forest biome, he can be distinguished by his glowing red eyes.
The King of Spiders is twice the size, faster and stronger than a normal spider, however, if it sees the player, it will bypass water if it is an obstacle.
This spider spawns with a skeleton druid as its rider, which makes it a rather strong opponent, since the skeleton druid uses the “Poison” effect. Drop: Thread (1-2)
Spider Eye (0-2)
Skeleton Druid:
Bone (0-2)
Torch (1-2)
It is worth noting that the Dark Forest is a place where you are guaranteed to find the Dark Tower, with the boss mob High Ghast, and where there are guaranteed to be 3-4 goblin cities.
Snowy forest- one of the biomes of the Twilight Forest, similar to the taiga biome from the ordinary world. Consists mainly of spruce trees covered with snow; flowers, grass and ferns grow. There is always a glacier at the center of this biome; Only here can a yeti cave be generated. This biome is also home to snow wolves and yetis.
The prototype of the penguin is the chicken. She can be transformed into a penguin using transformation powder. The snow wolf is an inhabitant of the snowy forest. Has 30 health when killed and drops arctic fur.
On the glacier you can find Aurora Castle. In the castle we can meet a snow guard, stable and unstable cores. If the core is not stable it will explode upon death. Each of these mobs drops snowflakes. Everyone has 20 health.
Twilight Mountains – This is a biome in which large spruce trees grow. They are full of deer and wild boars. They are covered with podzol. Instead of flowers there are light mushrooms and ferns. You can find trollstein in the caves. Above the twilight mountains you can find the island of giants. They live on a cloud in a house made of giant cobblestones and oak.
In the house you will find two giants. By default they will have your skin. They have 80 xt health, and after killing them they drop a giant sword and pickaxe.
After the twilight mountains we find ourselves in the Thorns biome. Don't lean against them, it will hurt you. You shouldn't break them either. This can make everything worse, the fact is that if you break them, they grow even more.
After the spikes you can climb the central mountains. They are covered with wet stone. At the top you can find druid houses and a castle. Unfortunately, the castle with the final boss has not yet been finalized.
Fire Swamp- this is one of the biomes of the Twilight Forest world; is a 100% Hydra spawn location. The terrain of this place is somewhat reminiscent of the Lower World: there is lava, the grass and foliage of the trees have a scarlet tint, the water is colored purple, and the smoke and fire gushing from the ground only complement the image of not the most favorable place both for life and for intelligence. It makes sense to go here only to kill the Hydra and dig up two unique blocks: smoke and flame generators.
You cannot get to the fire swamps without passing through the twilight swamps - therefore, going here at the beginning of the game is not recommended: the twilight swamps impose a hunger effect, and the fire swamps set them on fire (until you kill the Lich).
Mysterious forest (enchanted forest)- A biome with unique trees - colorful trees, beautiful grass and a wonderful atmosphere. The chance of this biome spawning is extremely low! Sometimes you need to walk in front for hours to find it, and sometimes it happens that the portal spawns already in it.
Also, here you can meet Quest Rama. This is a unique mob, it lives in ruins. If you give him all 16 types of wool, he will give you gold, iron, diamond, and emerald blocks in return. He will also give you a Horn, but it is prohibited on our servers.
Interesting fact. In this biome, the grass is blue. It is painted in a circle, the circles get smaller closer to the ruins.
It is still very rare that you can meet in a mysterious forest unique trees, there are four types in total.
You can also find treasures in the forests:
Hedge maze- is the easiest labyrinth, which will not be difficult to navigate. It consists of a thorny fence, breaking which or walking along it, the player receives damage, which makes passing such a labyrinth from above quite difficult and dangerous.
Also in this inhospitable place there are spawners of wild wolves, swamp and labyrinth spiders, located in small wastelands near 1-2 chests. The entire labyrinth is illuminated with fireflies and Jack-o-lanterns, that is, no additional lighting is required. Sprawling trees are often found at the borders, exits and in the labyrinth itself, and the area is additionally cleared to create a flat area.
Chests often contain some kind of food, as well as weapons and sometimes rare items, making them somewhat easier to obtain early in Twilight Forest; If you wish, you can make a mob farm out of the labyrinth.
Walking through the twilight forest, you can sometimes stumble upon destroyed houses, from which only the walls remain wooden floor from oak boards, and even then some blocks have already become grass. They consist of mossy and ordinary cobblestones, which can serve as a place where you can dig up such a rare mossy cobblestone in the ordinary world.
These ruins come in two types: large and small - a kind of basement with treasures can be generated under them, regardless of size, with a 50% probability at a depth of two blocks under the floor.
Perhaps this structure was used by the ancient people of the Twilight Forest, who for unknown reasons disappeared. Perhaps they were driven out by hostile mobs and bosses.
This is a natural structure added by the Twilight Forest mod.
Hollow Hills are quite common on the surface of the Duskwood in the form of dome-shaped mountains that stand out strongly from the overall smooth landscape; This is especially noticeable in the Dark Forest, where the dense foliage grows in an even layer. Also, the hills rise slightly at the base by 2-3 blocks, as a result of which, without a magic card in hand, you can say that in front of you is a hollow hill (do not confuse it with the Highlands).
It is worth noting that in the hollow hills - absolutely all of them - there are chests with various treasures (if other modifications are installed, things may appear from them), and their total number depends on the size of the hill. Since these structures contain rare and valuable things (ore magnet, fan of flight, conservation charms and others), the hills become not only a valuable source of resources, but also an opportunity to find some equally valuable tools and materials. On magic cards Hollow hills are indicated by white slides, and the size of such a slide corresponds to the size of the hill. The larger the hill, the more ore, chests, spawners and mobs it contains. Hills are divided into three types: small, medium and large.
Great Dusk Oak- you've probably seen large oak trees, as a rule, they have from 1 to 2 treasuries, you need to climb to the very top of the oak and break leaves and blocks, or listen - if you hear spiders, break the blocks where you heard.
In these treasuries you can find many items, but the rarest and most valuable you will find are seedlings of unique trees.
Guide editor: MissZymochka
Sincerely, Youvipas World Administration.
The general principle of the development of materials processing technology from prehistoric times to the present day is how to make parts for more precise ones using inaccurate equipment. And it all started with a workbench; prototypes of it are found during excavations of Stone Age settlements. It is quite possible to build a workbench, a full-fledged one, with your own hands, and this will not only save a significant amount, but will also simplify, facilitate the work and improve its results.
Three mistakes
Amateurs, sometimes, judging by their designs, very experienced, knowledgeable and diligent, sometimes make themselves workbenches on which, figuratively speaking, you can smash a tank with a sledgehammer. They take a lot of time and labor, and hardly less money than a good branded amateur workbench. Repetition of industrial prototypes in a design for one’s own use, designed for intensive work in 3 shifts and a static load of more than a ton, with a service life of 20 years, is one of typical mistakes development of workbenches of our own design.
The second is neglect of vibrations. Not a clearly felt “game” or “recoil”, but a small tremor that significantly complicates the work and reduces its quality. Vibrations have a particularly strong effect on workbenches on a metal frame.
The third - repeat carpentry or metal workbenches; perhaps with some modifications to suit your needs. Meanwhile, there are many designs of workbenches for home/amateur work of various types. There are workbenches that are more or less specialized or, conversely, universal, temporary, made from scrap materials, etc.
In this article we will figure out how to make a workbench taking into account these errors, firstly, simpler and cheaper, in accordance with the range of needs and/or hobbies of the craftsman. Secondly, how to make a workbench general purpose or universal for special conditions of use - in a cramped garage, for carpentry at a construction site from scrap trash, at home for small precise work, children's
About universal workbenches
Among the branded products, which are sometimes quite expensive, you can find “universal” workbenches in the form of a carpenter’s bench with a lid without a tray, a complete bench vice on a wooden cushion, and a clamp for their installation, like the one in the photo:
“Universal” factory-made workbench
This is a wrong decision not only because wooden table top carpentry work deteriorates. The main thing that is bad here is the technological fluids used in metal processing - oil, kerosene, etc. Wood soaked in them becomes much more flammable. Self-ignition is also possible; Remember, it is strictly forbidden to accumulate oily rags in production. A different approach to designing the tabletop (board, lid) of a universal workbench is needed based on the type of work it is primarily used for - fine or coarse, see below.
Work bench
In the West, amateur/home workbenches with a stacked table top framed by a side are widespread. Drawings of such a “work bench” are shown in Fig. Under the fitter, the lid is covered with a sheet of steel 1.5-2 mm thick and a vice is placed on the pad.
The bench workbench dampens vibrations well; It can be made from pine or spruce. But the design is complex, and it is inconvenient to work with long materials and furniture on such a workbench. Therefore, we will first look at how to make the most common carpentry workbench, then garage and locksmith. Next, we will try to combine them into a universal workbench and see what we can come up with on this basis for special needs.
Workbench composition
A workbench of “our” type (conditionally, since it is impossible to accurately establish its origin) consists of:
- A bench (in carpentry workbenches), or a bed (in metalworking benches), ensuring the stability of the entire unit and the ergonomics of the workplace.
- Covers, box-shaped or in the form of a tray, giving the work area the necessary rigidity.
- Shelves; possibly with a tray, nests, and stops on which work operations are performed.
- An apron on which the tool is hung. An apron is not a necessary accessory for a workbench; it can hang on the wall or be replaced with a cabinet, rack, etc.
Note: workbench height approx. 900 mm. The length and width are selected according to the installation location and type of work within the range of 1200-2500 and 350-1000 mm, respectively.
The lid and shelf are most often made at the same time, one-piece, and are simply called a lid, a workbench board or a tabletop. To dampen vibrations, the shelf is always made on a base (bed, substrate) made of wood. The bed is being covered in a mechanic's workbench steel sheet from 2 mm thick and can be made of coniferous wood. Its overall strength is sufficient, and the steel tire protects the tree from local damage and the ingress of technical fluids. In a carpentry workbench, a bed made of high-quality (without knots, twists, etc. defects) solid fine-grained wood (oak, beech, hornbeam, elm, walnut) also serves as a shelf; in a workbench for the home, for the sake of simplifying it, without sacrificing quality, it is possible to have 2 -layer construction, see below.
The traditional design of the bench, on the contrary, is collapsible from the same wood as the carpentry shelf. This comes from the master craftsmen of the past, who transported their equipment from customer to customer on a cart. It is from the bed/bench that you should start developing your workbench, no worse, but simpler than traditional ones.
Bed: metal or wood?
Stationary wooden workbench has advantages over those on a steel frame not only in lower cost and labor intensity. Wood, firstly, is not plastic. Workbench on wooden base can be broken, but if the wood used is seasoned and impregnated, it will never bend. Secondly, wood perfectly dampens vibrations. The foundations of your buildings are not reinforced vibration-absorbing ones, like workshops in a factory? And the overall strength and stability of the home workbench frame will be fully ensured by commercial coniferous wood of ordinary quality.
Design wooden bed a workbench made of 120x40 boards is shown on the left in Fig. Permissible static load – 150 kgf; dynamic vertically downward for 1 s – 600 kgf. Corner posts (legs) are assembled on 6x70 self-tapping screws in a zigzag (snake) pattern with a distance from the edge of 30 mm and a pitch of 100-120 mm. Double-sided fastening; the snakes on both sides of the package are made in mirror image. Intermediate support beams are fastened with steel angles on self-tapping screws; the edge ones - with pairs of self-tapping screws at the tenons of the posts and, on the outside, with corners.
If timber 150x50 or (180...200)x60 is available, the design can be simplified, as shown in the center in Fig. Load bearing capacity will increase to 200/750 kgf. And from timber 150x150, 150x75 and (180...200)x60 you can build a frame capable of bearing 450 kgf in statics and 1200 in dynamics, on the right in Fig.
Note: Any of these beds is suitable for both carpentry and metalworking workbenches. Under the joinery, a box-shaped lid is placed on it (see below), and under the fitter, a tray from a 60x60x4 angle with welded 4-mm strips above the intermediate beams is placed. A wooden cushion is placed in the tray and covered with steel, also see below.
If there is no welding
All wood workbench, no need for welding work to make it, you can do it according to the following pattern. rice. The “trick” here is the tabletop, glued together from 75x50 lumber and fastened with ties. If the timber is oak, then permissible load– 400/1300 kgf. Corner posts – timber 150x150; the rest is timber 150x75.
Metal
It happens the other way around: metal more accessible than wood, and there is welding. Then the workbench table for a load of 100/300 kgf can be assembled according to the drawing on the left in Fig. Materials – corner 35x35x3 and 20x20x2. Boxes are made of galvanized steel. Disadvantage - it is impossible to make an opening at the bottom for the legs; the structure will lose its ability to bear dynamic loads.
For a load of 200/600, a more convenient one is suitable metal workbench according to the diagram at the top right from a corrugated pipe 50x50 (corner posts), 30x30 (other vertical parts) and a corner 30x30x3. The plank cushion of both workbenches is laid only across (bottom right) from tongue-and-groove boards (120...150)x40.
Shelf – steel 2 mm. The shelf is attached to the pillow with 4x(30...35) self-tapping screws, a pair at each edge of each board, and along the outer boards - in increments of (60...70) mm. Only in this design will the workbench show the specified load-bearing capacity.
These workbenches are already universal: for carpentry, the lid is turned over with the wooden side up or adjusted as described below. A bench vise is mounted on a wooden pad, but is not secured with a clamp. A collet anchor for an M10-M14 bolt is driven into the vice pad from below, and a through hole is drilled in the cover for it. A 60x2 washer is placed under the bolt head. This solution is convenient because it is possible to use inexpensive non-rotating vices.
For carpentry
The cover of a carpenter's workbench, unlike a metalworker's one, is tightly attached to the bench and is box-shaped for overall rigidity. The best option fastenings for a non-dismountable workbench - steel angles and self-tapping screws. The underbench can also be a steel frame from those described above.
How a traditional carpentry workbench works is shown in pos. And rice; accessories to it on pos. B. Bench board (in in this case This is a separate device) is used to work with long lengths. The support in its groove is made from a wedged piece of board, see below. It is advisable to drill a longitudinal row of holes in the board and secure it into the sockets with bolts with conical heads. The traditional design of a carpentry bench is shown in pos. G, but – see above.
It is possible to reduce the cost of the carpentry workbench cover by making it 2-layer, pos. Q. Then high-quality hardwood boards will only be needed for the shelf. They lay it by laying the boards with “humps” of annual layers, alternately up and down, to avoid warping. The shelf flooring is first glued together with PVA or carpentry glue, tightly compressed with a clamp or wrapped with a cord; put on the pillow using the same glue. The lid skirt is assembled separately using glue and through tenons (inset in pos. B) and attached to the pillow-shelf package with self-tapping screws.
Carpentry vice
Solid wood carpenter's vices, front and chair, are now almost completely replaced by a vice with a metal screw clamp, pos. D; their device is shown in pos. E. Some comments are needed here.
First, you need to place 2-3 steel washers under the head of the clamping screw, otherwise it will quickly eat through the cushion (wood 4x4x1 cm). Secondly, if the nut is not custom-made or purchased, then at least temporarily acquire a set of taps for the thread you are using. In this case, do not try to use a screw that is too thick for evenness and smoothness of the clamp; M12-M16 is quite enough.
The nut of a homemade clamping pair is welded onto a base with a diameter of 60 mm or, square, from 70x70 mm. It is not necessary to recess it into the clamp pad, this way there is less chance that the nut will break off when clamped. But welding will cause the thread to go ugly; you can’t get rid of it with a bolt. The thread of the welded nut will need to be passed with taps according to the complete pattern, as when cutting: first tap - second - third (if included in the kit).
Note: The nut welded to the base must be allowed to rest for 2 hours before passing the thread so that the residual deformations “settle down.”
Vise and joinery for mechanics
The vice on the bench is installed in the corner (see inset in the figure) so that as much of the dynamic loads as possible during metal processing fall vertically on the corner post. Location cross beams and intermediate vertical racks It is advisable to make a workbench with a stationary vice slightly asymmetrical, placing them at smaller intervals towards the corner with the vice. The vice is also installed starting from the corner:
- A collet anchor is driven into a wooden corner post under an installation bolt, and a tall nut or threaded bushing is welded into a metal one (attachment point 1 at the bottom left in the figure);
- If the fastening unit is welded, go through the threads with taps, as in homemade nut carpenter's vice, see above;
- Place the vice temporarily on 1 bolt and mark the holes for fastening points 2, 3 and 4;
- The vice is removed and drilled through holes 2, 3 and 4;
- Place a vice on bolts 1, 2 and 3;
- For fastening to bolt 4, place a jib U from wooden beam from 60x60 or professional pipes from 40x40. It is not necessary to secure the jib, but it must rest from the bottom against the upper frame (frame) of the bed, but not against the tabletop!
- Finally attach the vice to bolt 4.
Note: Stationary power tools are also secured in the same way, for example. emery.
Under the carpentry
A workbench can also be adapted for carpentry work if you drill 2-4 pairs of holes in the tabletop for fixing the carpentry stop (on the right and in the center in the figure). In this case, round bosses are screwed to the lower surface of the stop with self-tapping screws; plugs from plastic bottles, they endure a tight fit many times.
Workbench for garage
It is impossible to make a workbench in a garage with an optimal width for the ergonomics of the workspace - the dimensions of a standard box of 4x7 m with a car parked in it do not allow it. Long ago, through trial and error, the width of the garage workbench was determined to be 510 mm: it is quite convenient to turn between it and the hood, and it is more or less possible to work. A narrow workbench under a heavy load (for example, a motor removed for rebuilding) turns out to be unstable, so it is attached to the wall. Often - angular, this increases stability, but any wall-mounted workbench “resounds” stronger than a workbench-table of the same design
A diagram of the structure of one section of a garage workbench is shown in Fig. This design uses an ingenious method of additional vibration damping: cells of the lid frames and the bottom shelf of the edge farthest from the corner different sizes. The installation accuracy of the crossbars is +/– 1 cm. For the same purpose, the lid and bottom shelf are made of Chipboard thickness 32 mm and covered with linoleum instead of steel. Its durability is sufficient for garage work; can be easily replaced.
Fastening to walls - self-tapping screws from 8 mm or bolts from M8 with a pitch of 250-350 mm. Recess into a stone wall is 70-80 mm; in wooden 120-130 mm. Propylene dowels are placed under the self-tapping screws in the stone wall; for bolts - collet anchors.
More for the garage
Another version of the garage workbench is already wall-mounted, and the wall-mounted one is on the left in Fig. It can only be mounted on stone walls. Bench board folding 2-layer; each layer of plywood is 10-12 mm. Opening for the machine with a stepped inner edge. In this case, a “milling machine” means a mini-drilling machine with a movable rotary table and a workpiece clamp. The design is convenient in that the shavings fall directly onto the floor.
If your car is something like a Daewoo or Chery with a 3-cylinder engine, and the garage is very small, then you can put a folding mini workbench cabinet with a lifting tabletop in it, on the right in the figure; it will fit in the house for fine workmanship(electronics, precision mechanics). The tabletop is suspended on a piano hinge, the legs are on cardboard. To fold, the legs are tucked under the tabletop (it would be useful to tie them with a leg), and the tabletop is lowered.
Note: for a cramped garage with an ordinary city car, perhaps a folding workbench box would be optimal, see the video below.
Video: folding workbench box
Home station wagon
At home they are engaged in smaller, but painstaking technical creativity: soldering, model making, watchmaking, artistic sawing from plywood, etc. For small, delicate work, a universal workbench is suitable, drawings of which and its accessories are given in Fig. Durability work surface and its vibration absorption in this case is not as important as evenness, smoothness and some adhesion (“stickiness” of parts), so the tabletop is covered with linoleum. The bench vise for this workbench needs to be small, with a screw clamp fastening.
More about plywood
In general, it is undesirable to work with metal “roughly” on plywood, because... she calls back well. If the board cushion of the bench is made from plywood, then to its underside you need to glue a frame (frame) also made of plywood to its underside, see fig. Then it is advisable to first cover the upper (working side) with linoleum without a lining, and then lay the steel on it.
The younger shift
Another case when making a workbench board from plywood is justified is a student workbench for a child. Pedagogical considerations play a role here: let him learn to feel the material and not beat him too much in vain, but work carefully. For the same purpose, masters of the past deliberately gave their students bad instruments.
Workbenches for the dacha
When country house or others light wooden The building is still under construction, there’s no time for bench intricacies, you need at least something on which you can carry out simple carpentry work. For such a case a quick fix you can put together a carpentry workbench for a summer house from scrap materials, on the left in Fig. The design is remarkable in that it clearly and fully embodies the principle: we make good things with bad equipment.
For subsequent work on arranging the dacha, a mini-workbench will be useful, on the right in Fig. At minimum consumption material and extremely simple design, it is sufficient for ordinary carpentry work and is stable in all respects, because the middle of the bench board is supported by a pair of struts. If you put them on bolts, the workbench will be foldable and stand in the pantry from weekend to weekend. For disassembly, after releasing the struts, the spacer is removed along with them, and the legs are tucked under the board. Finally, for a dacha inhabited permanently or all summer, with a craftsman owner, by the way, you will need a more complex but fully functional folding workbench, see the video below.
Today, like many years ago, wood does not lose its relevance. Joinery, furniture manufacturing, construction - wherever wood is used! And this happens for a reason:
- The tree is one hundred percent natural material, products from it are produced without the use of chemicals.
- Wood that has been properly selected and processed will serve long time, it doesn’t matter what will be made from it: furniture, parquet or scaffolding.
- Wood products have a measure of aesthetic appeal; neither MDF nor chipboard can compare with wood.
It is not difficult to buy a carpentry board; it is important that it is of high quality. Therefore, our company carefully monitors all stages of wood harvesting and processing to ensure that the material meets all requirements in various areas of use.
How to choose wood for carpentry
When choosing tree species for future work, you should focus on their availability in the region. On initial stage Pine, cedar, linden and alder lumber work well.
Characteristics of tree species
Pine is a soft wood with dark veins in a light solid wood, it is easy to work with and is popular as plank and among carpenters.
Cedar is easier to sand and less resinous than pine or spruce, but due to its rarity it is not often used.
From coniferous spruce least of all corresponds to the qualities of wood for carpentry. It has a lot of knots and a tendency to warp.
Larch is good for its resistance to rotting and is used in the construction of log houses, but it is more of a carpenter's wood than a joiner's wood: excess resin interferes.
The oak tree is tall decorative properties wood and excellent hardness, but processing requires a high-quality tool, and drying oak products takes a very long time.
Ash is good for its hardness, products made from it last a long time. But it is difficult to process.
Beech has an excellent pattern, especially when radial sawing logs It is easy to process and durable, but absorbs moisture from the air.
Birch wood has almost White color and therefore often stained. It is easy to bend and cut, but it warps easily when dried.
Alder can be used to imitate mahogany, but untreated carpentry boards may darken.
Linden, poplar and fresh aspen are easy to cut and do not crack when dry.