The unique properties of some substances have always surprised people with their unusualness. Special attention I was attracted by the ability of some metals and stones to repel or attract each other. Throughout all eras, this has aroused the interest of sages and the great surprise of ordinary people.
Starting from the 12th – 13th centuries, it began to be actively used in the production of compasses and other innovative inventions. Today you can see the prevalence and variety of magnets in all areas of our lives. Every time we come across another product made from a magnet, we often ask the question: “So how are magnets made?”
Types of magnets
There are several types of magnets:
- Constant;
- Temporary;
- Electromagnet;
The difference between the first two magnets lies in their degree of magnetization and the time they hold the field inside themselves. Depending on the composition, the magnetic field will be weaker or stronger and more resistant to external fields. An electromagnet is not a true magnet, it is just the effect of electricity that creates a magnetic field around a metal core.
Interesting fact: for the first time, research on this substance was carried out by our domestic scientist Peter Peregrin. In 1269 he published the “Book of the Magnet,” which described unique properties substance and its interaction with the outside world.
What are magnets made of?
Iron, neodymium, boron, cobalt, samarium, alnico and ferrites are used to produce permanent and temporary magnets. They are crushed in several stages and melted, baked or pressed together until a permanent or temporary magnetic field. Depending on the type of magnets and the required characteristics, the composition and proportions of the components change.
Related materials:
How and from what is chewing gum made?
This production makes it possible to obtain three types of magnets:
- Pressed;
- Cast;
- Sintered;
Making magnets
Electromagnets are made by winding wire around a metal core. By changing the dimensions of the core and the length of the wire, the power of the field, the amount of electricity consumed and the dimensions of the device change.
Component Selection
Permanent and temporary magnets are produced with different field strengths and resistance to environmental influences. Before production begins, the customer determines the composition and shape of future products depending on the place of application and the high cost of production. All components are selected to the nearest gram and sent to the first stage of production.
Smelting
The operator loads all the components of the future magnet into an electric vacuum furnace. After checking the equipment and matching the amount of material, the furnace is closed. Using a pump, all air is pumped out of the chamber and the melting process is started. Air is removed from the chamber in order to prevent oxidation of iron and possible loss of field power. The molten mixture is poured into the mold on its own, and the operator waits for it to cool completely. The result is a briquette that already has magnetic properties.
Everyone is familiar with the times of the Gold Rush, when people sold all their property and went in search of gold. Today, treasure hunting is a kind of hobby that many people enjoy. Some are looking for gold, others are looking for other metals. To simplify the search process, you can get search magnet, which we will produce right now.
So, first let's see how the author makes homemade products useful for many in his video
We will need:
- welding machine;
- Bulgarian;
- sledgehammers;
- a set of tools for bending and fastening;
- protective mask;
- metal rod;
- pipe;
- epoxy adhesive;
- neodymium magnet with magnetization N42.
Let us immediately note that the rod must be strong enough and smooth, since it will be used to make a fastening for the rope. Neodymium magnet, which the author uses has a breakout power of 240 kg. Other tools we will need are pliers and a needle file. Everything is very clear with the materials, and this means that you can safely get to work.
First of all, we need to bend our metal rod and give it a slight round shape. Since the rod is strong, it is recommended to use a sledgehammer.
After cutting, we process the piece of pipe so that it is as smooth as possible at the edges. We will start processing using a grinder.
Next, take a needle file and carefully process the inside of the piece of pipe. The author of the video, for example, has a pipe covered in rust, which will certainly not allow the glue and the structure itself to remain stable, which is very important.
Next thing we need help welding machine, since it is necessary to weld a piece of rod to a piece of metal pipe to get an ear. We cut off the excess parts of the rod with a grinder.
The refrigerator is quite a convenient thing, used not only for its intended purpose, but also to remind about very important matters. You just have to write on a small piece of paper what needs to be done in the near future and attach it to the device using simple magnets.
As soon as the appetite is worked up, a piece of paper with a reminder will involuntarily come into view. In this review, we decided to look in more detail at how refrigerator magnets are made. This business idea can become successful for entrepreneurs.
What is the reason for the popularity of magnets?
Perhaps this idea played a significant role in the appearance of decorative souvenirs. This happened back in 1971. Throughout its existence, this product has undergone enough a large number of changes. From factory conveyors, their production abruptly turned into small businesses with a fairly small initial contribution. And if earlier the production of magnets primarily required a press and an enameling device, now modern world decorative item for a refrigerator it’s quite easy to do if you have a computer and a printer at hand.
But it cannot be said that due to this transition the need for souvenirs has decreased, and the production of refrigerator magnets has become less promising. The thing is that the symbols of the era are constantly changing. This entails a demand for certain products in which new symbolic images will be embodied. Accordingly, old products will be thrown away or hidden, and new ones will take their place on the refrigerator door.
Magnet production technologies are constantly being simplified
The days of using magnetized metal are long gone. Modern equipment made it possible to apply very thin layer ferromagnetic materials.
They are capable of maintaining magnetic induction for quite a long time. long period time. The backing is usually vinyl. A special coating is applied to another part of this material, onto which a specific image is subsequently glued.
Vinyl is not an expensive material
Based on everything described above, we can say: there is nothing strange in the fact that over time, making refrigerator magnets has become possible at home. Vinyl for making magnets is a material that is magnetized rubber of various thicknesses. It can be produced not only in rolls, but also in sheets. The cost of one roll reaches 4.3 thousand rubles. According to many experts, vinyl is ideal material, used for making a variety of magnetic calendars, leaflets, souvenirs and notebooks.
Finding a customer will be easy
Making magnets as a business presents certain requirements. First of all, they relate to the sale of products. But finding customers who can purchase a wholesale batch of magnets is not very difficult. The entire complexity of this process lies in the need to predict this or that corporate event.
Magnets have always been popular at various exhibitions, as they are capable of carrying a certain logo. But even if there is no customer for a wholesale batch, you can always produce single products.
What is needed to produce a magnet?
In order to organize a business, you do not need any specialized equipment for making magnets. You just need a computer. As for software, you need to purchase and install any graphic editor. You will also need an inkjet printer, die cutter and batch laminator. The procedure for manufacturing magnetic products takes place in six steps.
- On transparent plastic with hot melt adhesive, you will need to print the image, having first mirrored it in the editor.
- The transparent plastic on which the design is applied must be separated from the substrate and turned over.
- The resulting material must be passed through a laminator.
- The backing that protects the adhesive layer should be separated from the sheet.
- The sheet with the design printed on it will need to be glued onto vinyl.
- The resulting products must be cut down.
There is nothing complicated in the manufacturing procedure. The images can be absolutely anything. You just have to take into account the fact that instead of paper you need to use transparent material– plastic.
Based on all of the above, it can be noted that the entire procedure will not require too much free time. But at the same time, you can get magnets with any picture and various shapes. Thickness similar products can reach only one and a half millimeters, but the magnets will be quite strong.
High business profitability
An entrepreneurial idea, the essence of which is the production of magnets, has a profitability of 100 percent. And this is even taking into account the minimum prices that will be set for products. You can make about 8 magnets on one A4 sheet. The cost of such souvenirs will vary from 50 to 100 rubles. The cost of the manufactured magnet will not exceed 40 rubles.
Setting up a magnet manufacturing business is not too difficult. The entrepreneur will not be required to purchase too expensive equipment and invest too much money at the initial stage. Even with a simple computer and printer modern conditions You can print the drawing in high quality.
Absence of any competition
It is also worth noting that this entrepreneurial idea will be successful because there is no competition in this field of activity. The market is not saturated with souvenirs of this kind, and in some cities an entrepreneur is even capable of becoming a monopolist. The not very high cost of all products will allow you to make a profit that will significantly exceed all initial costs. That is why this business is considered highly profitable.
To create the “Coffee Trio” I used many different materials, tools and decorative elements. But the beauty of this master class is that you can use not all of the above, but only part of it, or, conversely, something beyond what is on the list, and in the end you will make exclusive coffee magnets for the refrigerator with your own hands.
So, I found the following useful in my work:
- Scissors
- Glue "Moment Crystal"
- Magnetic vinyl
- Brown and light brown pigment ink sponges
- Oil paint, color - mars brown dark
- Beige linen lace
- Stretch lace cappuccino color
- Wooden and plastic buttons
- Red Iris threads
- Needle with big eye
- Narrow satin ribbons, brown and red
- Jute twine
- Matt acrylic varnish
- Brush
- Double sided tape
- Cardboard 2 mm thick
- Piece of paper
- Pen
- Coffee beans
- Ground coffee
I only had linen in a rather gray shade, and I wanted to bring it closer to the color of coffee so that they would look more harmonious next to each other. To do this, I diluted three teaspoons of instant coffee in boiling water and soaked the fabric in it for an hour. Then she rinsed it under running water and laid it on a very hot battery. As a result, the color of the flax became more brown, and “burn” also appeared - I really liked this effect.
Then I cut out a heart-shaped template from paper and used it to make three blanks from thick cardboard 2 mm thick.
Coffee magnet (master class No. 1)
I covered the first blank with double-sided tape, and glued linen on top.
You should not cut the fabric according to the template and then try to glue it evenly onto the workpiece. It is much simpler, more convenient and neater to first glue a piece of flax to the cardboard, and then trim off the excess along the edges.
Then, using Moment glue (you can use hot melt glue or any other transparent superglue), I laid out and secured the coffee beans along the perimeter of the heart in one row. I laid the grains with both the flat and rounded sides up in a random order, fitting them tightly together.
Then I covered the end of the workpiece with two turns of jute twine to hide the not-so-pretty cut of cardboard and traces of glue between the coffee beans and the workpiece. The twine is also secured using Moment glue.
Next, I laid twine along the inner perimeter of the heart made of coffee beans, decorating the ends in the form of a bow.
I decorated two round wooden buttons with red “Iris” thread; a needle with a large eye helped me with this.
The edges of the buttons were tinted using sponges with pigment ink. First I went over it with a light sponge. Brown, and then darker brown.
Cardboard with reverse side The hearts were also tinted with pigment ink, so that it would be pleasant to look at the craft from the inside out.
I glued a piece of magnetic vinyl.
And finally, I glued pre-prepared buttons on the front side under the bow.
So I made my first coffee heart magnet with my own hands!
Coffee magnet (master class No. 2)
The second blank, like the first, I covered with flax and laid coffee beans around the perimeter. And then I applied glue along the inner perimeter, poured in instant coffee granules, gently pressed them with my fingers, and simply shook off the excess granules that did not stick and left them until the glue completely dried.
Instead of instant coffee, it is better to use ground natural coffee to create a coffee magnet with your own hands. It can be coated with varnish so that the pieces hold tighter and do not crumble or fall off. With instant coffee, coating with varnish or glue is not possible.
I decorated the ends of this heart with beige linen lace, securing it with Moment glue.
Then I tinted the lace with oil paint. You could also use pigment ink, as with the first magnet, but in this master class I wanted to show different materials and ways for everyone to choose what is more accessible.
I needed it for tinting Oil paint"Sonnet", color "mars dark", a piece of sponge for washing dishes and a piece of cardboard. I squeezed a drop of oil onto the cardboard, then dipped a corner of the sponge into it and began to spread the oil from the sponge onto the cardboard. Only when the sponge leaves a dry, GREAT trace of paint, can you begin to tint the lace, lightly touching the lower edge of the heart.
Instead of a dish sponge, you can use a cosmetic sponge - the smaller the pores, the better. But you should remember that after such use the sponge will be damaged, so the sponge is cheaper.
After tinting, the heart resembles a chocolate cake with buttercream :)
I made a bow from a narrow brown satin ribbon, added a plastic flower button and decorated the second coffee heart with this composition! 🙂
Coffee magnet (master class No. 3)
I did not cover the third piece with flax, but completely covered it with coffee beans. I glued the first layer with the flat sides of the grains facing down.
And I glued the second layer intermixed, tightly laying the grains one to one, and in some places even placing them sideways.
After the glue dried, I saw that it was shiny in some places between the grains, and I didn’t like it. So I covered it all front part matte heart acrylic varnish"Sonnet". In bright sunny colors, the heart glares a little, but now evenly.
I decorated the ends of the third heart with cappuccino-colored stretch lace, securing it with Moment glue. This lace stretches. And due to the tension, it tightly clasps the heart, wrapping itself on the front side, which is what I needed.
On top of the lace I glued a narrow satin ribbon Brown color. It turned out very tasty! 🙂
I decorated the wooden flower button with red thread, as well as the round buttons for the first heart.
It has long been a custom for travelers to bring magnets from their travels. Have you tried to create such a product yourself? In our article we offer you 7 ways to create exclusive magnets.
Method one: image
Material you will need:
- interesting drawings (pictures cut out from magazines);
- glue;
- magnets in the shape of a circle with a diameter of 1.25 to 1.75 cm;
- glass circles (must match the size of the magnets).
All you need to do is glue a picture to the magnet and a glass circle on it. Glass circles are sold in craft stores.
If a magnet is visible through the picture, it would be advisable to add another detail. Namely: prepare a mug the right size from white cardboard and glue it under the drawing.
Method two: they are alive
A DIY refrigerator magnet can be a living creature. To make this, you should prepare:
- magnet;
- hot glue gun;
- screwdriver
- cortical plugs;
- small plants;
- some land;
Manufacturing stages and features:
- Make a hole in the cork.
- In depth - up to the middle of the cork. It is important not to damage the edges.
- Using a glue gun, you need to glue the magnet to the cork.
- Immerse the soil in the resulting void and plant the plant.
- As a result, you got a kind of pot.
Don't forget to take care of the plant you planted. After all, it will grow up and ask to be moved to new house, and in the existing one you can grow a new flower.
Method three: magic clay
Making refrigerator magnets will not be difficult if you have the following materials at your disposal:
- magnets;
- polymer clay;
- ink;
- hot glue gun.
And these are the tools:
- Bakeware;
- rolling pin (or any other object that can be used to roll out clay);
- sandpaper (you can use a manicure file);
- stamps.
To make a souvenir, you need to roll out the clay to make a sheet approximately 5 millimeters thick. The pattern is applied to the material with stamps, and individual shapes must be cut out using clay molds.
Method four: magnet in a bag
If you're worried about scratches on your refrigerator, you can easily prevent them by making a fabric magnet. A simple manufacturing technique will allow you to change the so-called pouch whenever you want.
Everything you need for this little masterpiece, This:
- magnets;
- colored rags;
- threads;
- needle;
- scissors.
First you need to create blanks for magnets from a flap. The size of the workpieces should be approximately 3 times the size of the magnet. The edge of the fabric must be folded and stitched so that the stitches lie as close to each other as possible. As a result, you got a bag like this. Place a magnet inside, tighten the thread, tie it and cut it.
Between magnet and fabric with front side you can put a little cotton wool or foam rubber. Then the product will gain volume.
Method five: wood is always in fashion
Prepare your tools:
- wood saw;
- electric drill;
- drills for it;
The manufacturing technology is simple. It consists of the following steps:
- Saw the branch, thus creating “washers”, the thickness of which is approximately three centimeters.
- Sand the edges (if necessary)
- Drill a small hole about 3 cm deep in the middle of the washer.
- Glue a magnet into the hole.
- Drying time: from 6 to 8 hours.
If desired, you can decorate the pucks with a pattern or in another way.
Method six: oh, this is amazing Lego
To make a bright, colorful and functional souvenir, select your favorite parts from the construction set, prepare required quantity magnets and hot glue gun.
The creation process is simple: you need to glue the part to a magnet. However, it is worth considering 2 important factors:
- DO NOT use magnetic tape. She is weak to hold the cube. Such a magnet will not last long.
- Hot melt glue can be replaced with super glue.
It should be said that this product must dry for at least 24 hours. Such a bright magnet can be used not only by adults, but also by children.
Method seven: they also chip
To create a magnet that will not only magnetize, but that can also be pinned, you need:
- magnetic tape;
- wooden clothespins;
- acrylic paint;
- thin brush;
- sparkles.
Now that you have everything ready, get to work. First, decorate the clothespin. Secondly, you can simply paint it. Thirdly, glue the tape on the other side. Everything ingenious is simple!
Photo of refrigerator magnets
