The Unified State Exam in Geography is somewhat different from classic version, which provides a detailed story and work with a map. But, despite this, students pass the Unified State Exam in Geography quite successfully. Apparently the test version makes the task easier, and finding the correct answers is much easier. But you shouldn’t rely on this conditional ease. The Unified State Exam in Geography still remains a final exam, on which a place at the institute depends. So you shouldn't treat him condescendingly. You need to prepare for it just as carefully as for other exams. After all, even one score can deprive you of a budget place in your chosen one.

Trial online exam test in geography on the website

The website is posted on the educational portal trial options online USE tests. Anyone can try their hand at one or another subject. On our website there are no restrictions on the time and number of times you can take tests. Every visitor to the site can test their knowledge and use a trial online Unified State Exam test in geography to prepare for the real exam. After all, this does not require registration or SMS. And this distinguishes our educational portal, from other services that provide their services only to registered users.

The benefits of online USE tests

Any training improves the final result, and online tests The Unified State Examination will contribute to successful completion of the final exam. Experts in the field of psychology and pedagogy say that the Unified State Exam is a huge stress. And it is stress that worsens exam results. But frequent training in the Unified State Exam format helps you get used to the situation and reduces the level of stress during the final Unified State Exam. And this has a positive effect on the points received. So anyone can practice in free time. You don't even need to make a huge effort to do this. Just take the test and test your knowledge. In addition, it is possible to identify weak sides and forgotten material, who will allow gaps in knowledge to be eliminated in a timely manner. Such control of your knowledge does not take much time, but has a positive effect on the results.

Average general education

Geography

Unified State Exam 2018 in Geography: analyzing the most difficult tasks

We bring to your attention an analysis of the most difficult tasks from the demo version of the 2018 Unified State Exam in geography. The article contains detailed analysis assignments, algorithm of solutions and recommendations of current textbooks for preparing for the Unified State Exam, as well as a selection of materials on geography published earlier.

Exercise 1

(“Geographical models. Geographic map, area plan"). 1 point.

In this task you need to find a point on the map with the proposed coordinates. The following algorithm is suitable for completing this task.

1. Find a point with coordinates 0° latitude. 0°d. It is located at the intersection of the equator and the prime (Greenwich) meridian in the Gulf of Guinea.

2. The first coordinate of the desired point is always its latitude, i.e. distance in degrees from the equator to a given point. To find it, you need to move from the point 0° latitude. 0°d. along the prime meridian up (if the latitude of the desired point is northern) or down (if it is southern). IN in this case we move 58 degrees (57°50´ rounded for convenience) upward, because latitude north.

An explanation for those who do not understand how we found the latitude.

Since the latitude values (degrees of parallels) are marked at the left and right edges of the map in 20° increments (0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 80°), we find the range in which the desired point is located (40° ˂58°˂60°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (10 degrees each), then into 2 more parts (5 degrees each), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, we need to retreat 60° - 58° = 2° degrees from the parallel 60° down.

3. The second coordinate of the desired point is its longitude, i.e. distance in degrees from the prime meridian to a given point. To find it, you need to move from the point found in step 2 on the prime meridian to the right (if the longitude of the desired point is eastern) or to the left (if the longitude of the desired point is western) along (i.e., maintaining an offset from) the nearest parallel. In this case, we move 30 degrees (29°58´ rounded) to the right, because longitude east.

An explanation for those who do not understand how we found longitude.

Since longitude values (degrees of meridians) are marked at the top and bottom edges of the map in 20° increments (0°, 20°, 40°, etc. up to 180°), we find the range in which the desired point is located ( 20°˂30°˂40°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (10 degrees each), then into 2 more parts (5 degrees each), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, we only need to perform one partition and place the point exactly in the middle between the 20th and 40th meridians.

4. Determine the country in which the desired point is located (the city of Dno).

Thus, we found out that the city of Dno is located in the Russian Federation.

2. Now let's determine the latitude. From the point found in point 1 (60°N, 110°E), we move along the meridian towards the North Pole (up) by 2°32′ (62°32′ - 60°). This will be a quarter of the distance to the intersection with the 70th parallel.

3. We clarify the longitude. From the point obtained in step 2 (62°32′ N, 110 E) we shift along the parallel to the east (to the right and slightly up in this case) by 3°57´ (113°57´ - 110° ). This will be about 2/5 of the distance to the intersection with the 120th meridian.

4. We determine the subject of the federation in which the desired point is located (the city of Mirny).

Thus, we found out that the city of Mirny is located on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Task 3

(“Natural resources. Rational and irrational use of natural resources”). max 2 points

To complete this task, you need to learn to distinguish rational (competent, intelligent, sustainable) environmental management from irrational ones. Some examples of both types are given in the table below. A few empty lines are left at the end so that you can supplement the table yourself with examples of rational or unsustainable environmental management that you encountered during preparation.

Table “Main types of environmental management”

Rational	Irrational
reforestation	drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of rivers
recycling water supply	cutting down trees in the upper reaches of rivers
integrated use of raw materials	creation of waste heaps
complete extraction of raw materials	virgin soil plowing
land reclamation	mole wood rafting
protective forest belts	(longitudinal) slope plowing
clearing forests of dead wood, fields of boulders, river beds of debris, etc.	soil compaction (for example, due to the use of heavy agricultural machinery)
slope terracing	associated combustion oil gas
drip irrigation	construction of hydroelectric power stations on lowland rivers
conversion of thermal power plants from coal to natural gas
use of recycled materials (metals, waste paper)

Thus, in the given task the correct answer is: 124.

A new manual for schoolchildren and applicants is invited to Unified State Exam preparation, which contains 30 versions of standard examination papers in geography. The 31st option is the control one. Each option is compiled in full accordance with the requirements of a single state exam, includes tasks different types and level of difficulty. At the end of the book, self-test answers to all tasks are given. Proposed training options will help the teacher organize preparation for the final certification, and students will independently test their knowledge and readiness to take the final exam. The manual is addressed to high school students, applicants and teachers.

Task 8

(“Geographical features of the reproduction of the world population. Sex and age composition. Level and quality of life of the population”). 1 point.

In this task you need to select a country with greatest proportion of elderly people. There may be options where you are asked to find a country with least share of the elderly or with the highest/lowest share children in the population structure. All these questions are based on one pattern: what more economically developed country, especially in the structure of its population less share children And more share elderly of people . Accordingly, completing this task comes down to choosing the most economically developed country.

This choice is complicated by the fact that the level economic development of a country depends not only on the size of per capita GDP, but also on a number of other factors: the structure and degree of diversification of the economy, development social sphere and so on. The table below will help you compare most countries in the world in terms of eq. development: it decreases from the G7 countries to the 1st wave NEC and further from the BRICS countries to the poorest countries of Africa and Asia.

Table “Typology of countries of the world by level of socio-economic development”

Countries of the world

economically developed

developing

G7 countries

USA, Canada, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan

BRICS countries

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

other developed countries in Europe

Examples: Spain, Sweden, Netherlands, Ireland, Czech Republic

developing countries in Europe

Examples: Belarus, Serbia, Bulgaria, (Türkiye, Kazakhstan)

NIS (newly industrialized countries) 1st wave

so-called "Asian Tigers": South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong (currently a province of China)

NIS (newly industrialized countries) 2nd wave

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

SEC (countries of migrant capitalism)

Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Canada, South Africa

Latin American countries (most)

Examples: Mexico, Argentina, Chile

NES (oil exporting countries) of the 1st wave

UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Brunei, Saudi Arabia, Oman

NES (oil exporting countries) of the 2nd wave

Examples: Venezuela, Algeria, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Nigeria

poor countries in Africa and Asia (GDP>1000 $/person)

Examples: Kenya, Pakistan, Mongolia

poorest countries in Africa and Asia (GDP<1000 $/чел)

Examples: Liberia, Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Afghanistan

Obviously, the above diagram is greatly simplified and has its own “inconsistencies” (for example, countries such as Canada, South Africa, Venezuela “fall” into several groups at once), but in general it gives an idea of the degree of development of a particular country with relatively simple memorization .

Thus, in the given task the correct answer is: 4.

(“Structure of employment of the population. Sectoral structure of the economy.”). 1 point.

In this task, each country needs to select a diagram reflecting the employment structure of the population in it. To do this, you need to arrange the countries listed in descending order of degree of economic development (see table for task 8).

IN most economically developed In countries with post-industrial economies, the leading sector of the economy, which employs the majority of the economically active population, is services sector.

IN least economically developed countries have an agricultural economy and most of the population is employed in agriculture.

Most countries with average economic level development have an industrial structure of the economy, and a significant part of the population is employed in industry.

Thus, in the given task the correct answer is: 213.

The book contains materials for successfully passing the Unified State Exam in Geography: brief theoretical information on all topics, assignments of different types and levels of difficulty, methodological comments, answers and assessment criteria. Students will not have to search for additional information on the Internet and buy other textbooks. In this book they will find everything they need to independently and effectively prepare for the exam. The publication contains theoretical information on geography on all topics tested on the Unified State Exam, as well as tasks for self-control. Answers and comments are provided at the end of the manual. The publication will provide invaluable assistance to students in preparing for the Unified State Exam in Geography, and can also be used by teachers in organizing the educational process.

Task 16

(“World economy. Economy of Russia. Regions of Russia”). 1 point.

Which of the following conclusions about trends in mining volumes drawn from the analysis of data in the table below are correct? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Dynamics of mining volumes
(as a percentage of the previous year)

1) The volume of mineral extraction in the Samara region increased annually from 2008 to 2011.

2) Mining volumes in the Krasnoyarsk Territory decreased annually from 2008 to 2011.

3) The volume of mineral extraction in the Tomsk region increased annually from 2008 to 2011.

4) Mining volumes in the Kamchatka Territory increased annually from 2008 to 2011.

To solve this task, you need to pay attention to one feature: all data in the table is presented in the form of percentages. This means that in order to evaluate a particular trend, you need to compare the numbers not with each other, but with 100 percent. That is, if the number in the cell more than 100, then this means height indicator this year if less than 100, That a fall.

Let's look at an example. Thus, the change in the volume of mineral extraction in the Tomsk region in 2008–2009 from 102.2% to 100.6% means slowdown in growth production, but Not her fall. Since in 2009, 0.6% more minerals were extracted than in 2008.

And on the contrary, the change in the Kamchatka Territory indicator from 96.2% to 98.3% in 2008-2009 Not means an increase in production, but only speaks of slowing down her falls(from 3.8% in 2008 to 1.7% in 2009).

In this task, you may encounter a variety of indicators from different regions of Russia or countries of the world, but the mathematical basis for its implementation always remains the same: the table shows not absolute (tons, cubic meters, rubles), but relative (percentage) indicators.

Thus, in the given task the correct answer is: 13.

The book contains tasks of different types and levels of complexity on topics whose knowledge is tested on the Unified State Exam, as well as comments. Answers are provided for all tasks. It will help you practice completing assignments, review the material you have covered, and effectively prepare for taking the Unified State Exam. The book is addressed to high school students to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Geography.

Task 23

(“Stages of the geological history of the earth’s crust. Geological chronology”). 1 point.

In this task you need to arrange the geological periods in the correct order. In principle, it is not even necessary to learn their names. It is enough to remember the mnemonic rule, which is known to every first-year student of the Faculty of Geography:

Table "Geological periods"

Geological periods	Mnemonic rule
TO embryo	TO every
ABOUT rdovik	ABOUT excellent
WITH Ilur	WITH student
D Yevon	D olzhen
TO arbon (Coal)	TO to ear
P erm	P onchiki.
T Rias
	YU ra,
	M al.
P Aleogene	P Rinesi
N eogen
H quaternary	H eburek.

Note: there are two pairs of periods starting with the same letter (K e mbrium and K A rbon; P e rm i p A leogene) In order not to get confused in their order, it is enough to remember that in the first of them the second letter is “e”, in the second “a”.

Thus, in the given task the correct answer is: 123.

The manual contains training options that fully comply with the structure of the examination paper and are compiled taking into account all the requirements of the Unified State Exam. Each option includes tasks of different types and difficulty levels. Instructions for completing the examination work and answer forms are provided. While working with the book, students can become familiar with the structure of the test, complete it in real time, practice filling out forms, and also assess their level of readiness for the Unified State Exam. At the end of the manual, answers to all tasks and assessment criteria are given. The publication is addressed to high school students to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Geography.

Task 32

(“Earth as a planet, the modern appearance of planet Earth. Shape, size, movement of the Earth”). max 2 points!

Task 32 is one of the most difficult in the Unified State Exam in geography. According to statistics, less than 30% of those who took the exam solve it. At the same time, it is not as difficult as it seems at first glance, if you strictly adhere to the algorithm for solving it.

In the first type of task 32, you need to find the point at which the sun will rise above the horizon earlier (or later). This depends on two factors:

1. Longitude of the point. The sun rises in the east, therefore, the further east a point is located, the earlier the sun will rise above the horizon at it.

2. Latitude of the point. The time of year is important here.

In the summer of the northern hemisphere (from March 21 to September 23), the length of the day will increase from the South Pole to the North Pole, therefore, the further north the point is located, the earlier the sun will rise there.

In winter, everything changes exactly the opposite. The length of the day will increase as you move south, therefore, the further south the point is located, the earlier the sun will rise there.

In the given task, points A and B are located east of point C, therefore, at point C the sun will rise later. Since points A and B lie on the same meridian, the time of sunrise will depend on the length of daylight in them. On December 20, the day will be longer at point B, because it lies south of point A.

Consequently, the sun will rise above the horizon at point B earlier.

Empirical hint: in approximately 85% of cases, the desired point is located “at the apex” of the angle formed by the three points. Those. on one parallel with one of the points and on one of the meridians with the other.

Type 2. Determine at which of the points, the geographical coordinates of which are indicated in the table, on March 18 the Sun will be uppermost above the horizon at 15 o'clock solar time of the Greenwich meridian. Write down the rationale for your answer.

1. Latitude of the point. The closer a point is to the equator, the higher the sun is above the horizon.

2. Longitude of the point. The closer a point is to the noon meridian, the higher the sun is above the horizon.

Thus, the main difficulty in performing this type of task is associated with finding the noon meridian - the meridian at which it is noon at a given moment in time. Because The circumference of the Earth is 360°, and there are 24 hours in a day, then in one hour the Earth rotates 360: 24 = 15°. Therefore, to find the noon meridian, you need to multiply the time difference between the prime and noon meridians by 15°.

In the given task, Greenwich is 15 o’clock, therefore, the difference with the time of the noon meridian is 3 hours (15 – 12), and the degree measure of the latter will be (15 – 12) · 15° = 45° W. The longitude is western because the noon meridian lies west of Greenwich (it is already three o'clock in the afternoon there, and the sun moves from east to west).

Points A and B lie closer to the noon meridian than point B. At the same time, point A is located closer to the equator, therefore, it is there that the sun will be located highest above the horizon.

Empirical hint: If you perceive information better in graphical form than in tabular form, then draw two parallels and two meridians schematically on a draft and place the indicated points at their intersections.

The 2019 state final certification in geography for graduates of the 9th grade of general education institutions is carried out to assess the level of general education training of graduates in this discipline. The assignments test the following types of activities within the discipline of geography:

Know and understand the geographical features of the nature of the continents and oceans, the peoples of the Earth; differences in the economic development of different territories and water areas; the results of outstanding geographical discoveries and travels.
Know the specifics of the geographical location of Russia.
Know and understand the peculiarities of Russian nature.
Know and understand the natural and anthropogenic causes of geo-ecological problems; measures to preserve nature and protect people from natural and man-made disasters.
Know and understand the features of the main sectors of the Russian economy, natural economic zones and regions.
Be able to give examples of natural resources, their use and protection, the formation of cultural and everyday characteristics of peoples under the influence of their habitat; be able to find information from different sources necessary to study environmental problems.
Know and understand the characteristics of the Russian population.
Be able to find the information necessary to study different territories of the Earth, their provision with natural and human resources.
Be able to analyze information from different sources necessary to study different territories of the Earth, their provision with natural and human resources.
Understand geographical phenomena and processes in geospheres.
Know and understand the natural and anthropogenic causes of geo-ecological problems.
Be able to identify (recognize) the essential features of geographical objects and phenomena.
Be able to determine geographic coordinates on a map.
Know and understand basic terms and concepts; be able to use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life to solve practical problems.
Be able to use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life to read cards of various contents.

Date of passing the OGE in Geography 2019:
June 4 (Tuesday), June 14 (Friday).

There are no changes in the structure and content of the 2019 examination paper compared to 2018.

In this section you will find online tests that will help you prepare to take the OGE (GIA) in geography. We wish you success!

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2019 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. In three tasks, the answer is supposed to be written in the form of a word or phrase, and in the remaining 7 tasks - in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which answer options are not provided by the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMM), the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. In three tasks, the answer is supposed to be written in the form of a word or phrase, and in the remaining 7 tasks - in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which answer options are not provided by the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMM), the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. In three tasks, the answer is supposed to be written in the form of a word or phrase, and in the remaining 7 tasks - in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2017 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. In three tasks, the answer is supposed to be written in the form of a word or phrase, and in the remaining 7 tasks - in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. In three tasks, the answer is supposed to be written in the form of a word or phrase, and in the remaining 7 tasks - in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2015 format in geography consists of 27 short-answer tasks and 3 long-answer tasks. This test contains only 27 tasks that require a short answer. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 17 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The test contains multiple choice questions only. one correct answer.
So if you had question number 14, and then 18 came out, that means that questions 15, 16, 17 need to be answered in writing with a detailed answer, so we did not include them.

To be taken at the end of school in the 11th grade. Not the most popular subject: if you give figures for the country, it turns out that on average one graduate per two schools chose geography. Geography is required for admission to specialties in the following areas: geography, geology, cartography, hydrometeorology and ecology.

Read the general information about the exam and start preparing. Compared to last year, the version of the KIM Unified State Exam 2019 has not changed at all, so you can safely use materials from previous years.

Unified State Examination

The minimum passing score in geography in 2019 is 37; to overcome the threshold, it is enough to correctly solve the first 12 tasks. Convert the initial scores into test scores and evaluate your level of knowledge of the subject using the usual five-point system.

Structure of the Unified State Exam test

In 2019, the Unified State Exam test in geography consists of two parts, including 34 tasks.

Part 1: 27 tasks (1–27) with a short answer, which is a number, word (phrase) or sequence of numbers.
Part 2: 7 tasks (28–34) with a detailed answer, which is a drawing, solution to a problem or a detailed description of the entire progress of the task.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

Take the Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration or SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.

Download demo versions of the Unified State Examination in Geography, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.
The tasks that you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones, on the same topic or simply with different numbers.

General Unified State Examination figures

Year	Minimum Unified State Examination score	Average score	Number of participants	Failed, %	Qty 100 points	Duration - Exam length, min.
2009	34
2010	35	53,61	22 256	6,3	17	180
2011	32	54,40	10 946	8	25	180
2012	37	55,8	24 423	8,3	64	180
2013	37	57,2	20 736	12,1	193	180
2014	37	52,9				235
2015	37	52,9				235
2016	37					235
2017	37					235
2018

Online exam test in geography.