ECOgardener

Primroses - cultivation and care, use in garden design

Planting primrose and caring for it in the open ground is quite easy even for novice summer residents. And it's very popular garden flower which has many varieties. There are a huge number of varieties and hybrids that amaze with their beauty and do not require painstaking care. But in order to fully enjoy all the delights of a flower, some of the subtleties of planting and care should be studied. Let's talk about the most important things.

Garden primroses: planting and care in open ground

Almost all primroses love partial shade and coolness, with the exception of some southern species and varieties. In such conditions, flowers open from all their best sides– size of leaves, buds, rich and bright color of flowers. Moreover, the plant can develop well even on poor soils, but not waterlogged ones.

Some primroses begin to actively grow from the second year after planting. It is advisable to plant them, otherwise the roots of young bushes will end up on the surface of the ground and the young plants will die. If it is not possible to divide the primroses before the onset of cold weather, they can be covered with earth or mulched with humus until spring.

How to plant primroses

Before planting, you should enrich the soil, add rotted manure and a little wood ash. You can improve the structure of the soil by adding a small amount of sand or vermiculite. Tall primrose bushes are planted at a distance of 40–50 cm from each other, and low-growing ones at 10–20 cm. This is a standard, recommended scheme, but if desired, you can plant the flower a little thicker.

Important! Primroses are planted in cloudy weather or in the evening. There is no need to overwater the bushes; moderate watering is sufficient.

When planting, it is extremely important not to deepen the growing point, otherwise the plant will get sick and die.

In general, the flower is endowed with strong immunity to various diseases and pests. However, there are still some risks:

• extremely rarely, primrose can be affected by diseases such as jaundice, rust, powdery mildew, bacterial spot, cucumber mosaic virus, as well as stem and root collar rot and anthracnose;
• When thickening plantings, fleas, aphids, weevils, spider mites, slugs and nematodes may become interested in primroses.

From time to time you need to inspect the bushes. When the first symptoms of diseases or pests are detected, treatment is started immediately. Particular attention should be paid to purchased primroses in pots, which are driven out for the holidays. Here is a useful video about preventing the appearance of root rot from the charming Natalia, who leads the Garden World project:

While purchased primroses are waiting to be planted in the garden, remove yellowing leaves in a timely manner, water the plants not from above, but into a tray, and drain excess water. When loosening the soil, do not fill the growing point (when planting in the ground, also watch for the deepening of the growing point).

It is also useful to “salt” the soil surface with ash and carry out every 3rd watering using a solution of Fitosporin-M (it is the cheapest of natural preparations). There is also Anti-Rot powder from the same Bashkir company, created for processing vegetables in storage. Well, the most powerful biofungicide from this line is Reanimator-M, intended for the treatment of already affected plants. All of these preparations are based on living spores and cells of beneficial soil microbes Bacillus subtilus.

It is also useful to put 2 tablets of Glyocladin into the root, or water it weekly with a solution of Trichoderma verde - these are useful soil fungi that enhance the immunity of plants.

Remember that if a weakened plant is planted in the garden, pests will attack it and completely eat it. We have repeatedly seen how slugs eat purchased primroses, although already adapted specimens grow quietly nearby. So, we don’t just need to keep the primrose in pots until spring, but strengthen its immunity. IN Lately We save all purchased seedlings this way; we even try to immediately replant indoor roses and disinfect the soil.

How to care for primroses

Growing a plant is a pleasure - all that primrose needs is removing weeds, loosening the soil, watering and light fertilizing. This is, of course, if a mulch layer is not used. In mulch, a soil crust does not form and loosening is not necessary.

To extend the flowering period of the bushes, all faded inflorescences should be removed.

During hot periods, watering is carried out frequently. The first feeding is carried out when the inflorescences begin to grow; if this is done earlier, all the nutrition will go into the leaves. The second time the primrose is fertilized after flowering. Organic or organomineral complexes are suitable. Once every 4 or 5 years, mandatory planting (division) of bushes is carried out.

Important! Only young bushes and heat-loving species and varieties of primroses need shelter for the winter. Old foliage, like that of garden strawberries, is cut from the bushes only in the spring.

How to propagate garden primrose

There are 2 methods - vegetative and generative. Dividing the bush is carried out before or after flowering, in spring or autumn. Some primroses can begin to be divided from the age of 3, while others only from the age of five. To avoid confusion, it is better to consult with flower growers.

Details about the methods of propagation of primroses:

• division - the plant is carefully dug up and the roots are washed with water without damaging them. Now the bush needs to be cut so that each section contains a restoration bud, developed roots and a rosette of leaves. The cut sites are immediately treated with wood ash, and the primroses are immediately planted in a new place. For 2 weeks after planting, seedlings are watered daily. If division is carried out in the fall, the plantings are covered with foliage or spruce branches for the winter;
• cuttings - the largest, most developed primrose bushes are selected for the procedure. In spring or summer after flowering, the plant is dug up and some of the thickest roots are cut off. To make buds form faster, longitudinal cuts are carefully made on the upper side of the cuttings. Now the root sections are placed in holes no deeper than 4 cm and sprinkled with earth. Caring for seedlings in the usual way;
• rooting - this method is suitable if the primroses have not yet reached the age suitable for division. The procedure is carried out in autumn or summer. From the very base of the root, the leaf petiole is separated along with the bud (the leaf blade is cut by a third) and placed in a mixture of sand and garden soil. The pot with the seedling is placed on a bright windowsill. It is important that the sheet is not exposed to direct sunlight. The soil is periodically moistened, and the room temperature is maintained at 16–18 °C. The bush will be ready for transplanting as soon as the young shoots hatch;
• seeds - many, but not all varieties and hybrids can be propagated in this way. For example, growing a beautiful specimen from collected seeds terry primrose will not work. The grains are practically not stored; they need to be sown within 1 or 2 years, and freshly harvested seed has the best germination rate. Sowing is most often carried out in the fall, then the plants will bloom already at next year.

Important! Primrose can be grown in seedlings, but it is worth remembering that seeds of almost all types require stratification. Exceptions are common and fine-toothed primroses. Seedlings develop slowly.

Forcing primroses

Most species are suitable for spring flower forcing garden primrose, especially short ones. Plants must be two years old. Bushes of older primroses need to be divided before the procedure.

Late autumn plants are dug up and transferred together with a lump of earth into general box and placed in a room with a temperature of at least 1–3 °C. In early February, old leaves and stems are cut off from primroses, and the bushes are planted in small pots (10–12 cm in diameter). Any land can be used. There is no need to deepen the plants; the rosette of leaves is placed at the level of the soil surface.

Now the primroses need to be moved to a bright windowsill, the temperature is increased to 10 °C. Water the plants as needed, sparingly. Feed the bushes when the buds form. You can use complex fertilizer (1% aqueous solution). After flowering, primroses are planted back into the garden.

Primrose in landscape design, combination with other flowers

In any garden there are areas covered with shadow from fences, walls or tree crowns - ideal conditions for primroses Flowers can be combined with other plants, and flower beds where different varieties, species and hybrids of primroses bloom continuously one after another also look good.

What can be decorated with bright and unpretentious primroses? Yes, anything - borders, ponds, rockeries, as well as rocky hills, flower beds of all types, lawns, etc.

The flower grows well in containers and hanging planters, which means they can decorate a porch, gazebo, balcony or stairs. The main thing is to create suitable conditions for the flower.

Primroses enjoy the reputation of being good companions; they are simply not capable of crushing their neighbors. They will direct their growth to where there is free space, without displacing anyone. Flowers and herbs with similar preferences are planted next to primroses - diffuse shade and constant, moderate soil moisture. The most successful neighbors include ferns, astilbes, miniature conifers and hosts.

The love for primroses is long lasting; after planting just one flower, you will definitely want more. It becomes difficult to stop later, especially since there are so many of them and they are all so different! The versatility and special unpretentiousness of the plant only increases the interest of gardeners. So we safely recommend planting primroses in your area; planting and caring for them in the open ground will not burden you much.

A beautiful garden plant that pleases with variety beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious nature, is known as perennial primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for growing primrose can be easily found on websites dedicated to gardening. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of care make this flower increasingly popular among both housewives and landscape design specialists.

What does a garden perennial primrose look like?

Primroses are beautiful perennial primroses.

Primrose flower is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Primrose genus. Under natural conditions, it grows in northern Africa and Central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system, which makes up its underground part. The leaf rosette, located in close proximity to the rhizome, consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate leaves of an oblong-oval shape. There are varieties with wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf blades of gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not the bright foliage, but the colorful flowers of the primrose. They are attached to tender stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be single, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat bend abundantly cover the bush, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, fruits form on the plant in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polysperm.

Primrose perfectly adapts to environmental conditions and can be cultivated at home in Russia.

In addition to the garden, primroses grow wonderfully at home in pots

Types and varieties of garden perennial primroses

The family Primroses (also found as Primulaceae) has more than half a thousand species, making it one of the most numerous in the world flora. It is interesting that species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. A huge variety of different varieties allows gardeners to realize their wildest ideas and create amazing flower arrangements on their site. Naturally, before purchasing, you should familiarize yourself with the distinctive features of each species to make sure that you can create the necessary conditions for the flower. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, choosing a hybrid with the desired color, inflorescence shape and leaf color will be much easier. Let's get started!

There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primroses

Primrose vulgaris (stemless)

This species is distinguished by a short rhizome consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, their width reaches 6 centimeters and their length is 25 centimeters. They can partially remain on the plant during wintering.

The common primrose has pale yellow or snow-white single flowers with a purple throat, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Petals are dicotyledonous. During the flowering period, which begins in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:

• Virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish throat;
• giga white - has white flowers;
• cerulea - rich flowers with a bright yellow throat.

Primrose stemless has a very short stem, which is where its name comes from.

It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of a rich green color with a slightly toothed border. They are covered with a slight powdery coating and can be oval or oblong. The flowers of the auricular primrose are yellow and reach up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this species more, as they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties whose buds are painted in several bright colors at once (Jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers are formed on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

Primula aurica or auricola - has large bright rosettes of flowers

It is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as primrose auricular and stiff-haired. This is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial, growing up to 15 centimeters in height. The obovate leaves are collected in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have finely toothed edges, and are also densely covered with tiny grayish villi. The leaf blade is green on the outside and fawn on the inside; the entire surface of the leaves is covered with a powdery coating. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, mealy stalks, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed towards the top.

Flowering lasts from early May to June. Hairy primrose is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures as low as -29 °C.

Primrose pubescent is a hybrid of auricular and stiff-haired primrose, which has a beautiful rosette with small villi on the petals along the edges

The plant is a bush-like perennial with large spherical inflorescences, which consist of large quantity snow-white, purple, burgundy or lilac flowers. The diameter of the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. It is interesting that at the beginning of flowering, the oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically not visible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After several weeks it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. Simultaneously with the peduncle, leaves also grow, which can increase from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the period of fruit ripening, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that fine-toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moistening them.

Primrose fine-toothed has spherical inflorescences of small flowers on a peduncle, which grows as the plant grows

Japanese primrose is a special variety, as it is somewhat different from its relatives. Firstly, it is characterized by rather late flowering, which begins in June, and not in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have a shape uncharacteristic for primroses, which breeders have dubbed candelabra. They are located on an oblong peduncle that can reach up to 40 centimeters in length. Colorful whorls, each containing 5-7 small buds, gradually begin to bloom on it. In adult primroses, the peduncle can have up to 6 tiers. It is interesting that when the upper inflorescences just begin to bloom, seeds are already forming and ripening on the lower ones.

This species is a long-flowering species, since its flowering period is on average 30-40 days. This sets it apart from other varieties and makes it so widely popular among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use Japanese primrose for cutting and forming bouquets.

Japanese primrose is a candelabra late species of primrose that begins to bloom in May, but gradually

Primula florinda

It is a perennial herbaceous plant that is distinguished by abundant flowering and unusual bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which drooping rich yellow flowers, collected in neat inflorescences, rise on long stalks. Naturally, the perennial requires a lot of effort to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. The bush should be trimmed so that no more than 3-4 powerful rosettes remain on it. If you properly care for your Florinda primula, it will thank you with long flowering, lasting from June to August. Also worth noting is the captivating aroma of flowers spreading throughout the garden. Please note that in winter the delicate flower will need shelter to protect it from frost and gusts of wind.

Primula florinda is a bell-shaped species of primrose that thrives near bodies of water.

Early flowering varieties are of particular interest to gardeners, one of the representatives of which is Primrose Voronova. The plant is a fairly compact bush, growing up to 20 centimeters. It has ovoid basal leaves and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and continues until mid-May. This graceful flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.

Having planted several varieties on the site that bloom in different time, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the spring and summer period.

Primula Voronova - an early small variety of the species Primula acaulis

Primrose small

This low-growing variety It will certainly appeal to lovers of miniature plants. It looks great both as an independent plant and as an addition to flower arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, the small primrose is found in rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls in mid-May to late June. Please note that the flower should be transplanted into humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.

Small primrose is a miniature variety of primrose that most often grows in rocky areas

Primrose Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is long and abundant flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its jagged leaves are rich green. Typically used as a ground cover or border plant to crowd out unsightly weeds.

Primrose Julia is a small ground cover species primrose from Transcaucasia, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long time

It is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has oblong, wrinkled, obovate foliage. There are species with vaguely crenate or serrated leaves, forming a loose basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle emerges. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They droop slightly to one side, have a ten-toothed calyx and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence tilted to the side.

This is a long-blooming species, so you can enjoy bright flowers from May to early July.

Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions

Primrose high

Perhaps the name speaks for itself: the tall primrose can grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches this size thanks to a powerful root system, which is formed by many cord-like brown roots. The leaf blades are lanceolate or ovoid in shape and covered with small wrinkles. Often the edges of the leaves of the plant are framed with small teeth, and their inner side covered with grayish hairs. Small flowers (diameter 2-3 cm) are collected in lush umbrella-shaped brushes. Primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant several perennial bushes near the gazebo.

The main difference between tall primroses is their long peduncles.

Primrose rejected (Siebold's primrose)

This herbaceous perennial is medium in size and can reach up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, highly branched, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, toothed leaves are located on elongated petioles. Often there are hybrids whose leaf blades are densely covered with tiny fibers. Peduncles with large flowers rise majestically above the green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, can be colored pink, purple or soft purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.

Primula Siebold is a Japanese variety of primrose with serrated leaves.

Pink primrose is a spring perennial that enchants with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are painted bright pink and form umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Most often this type is used to decorate lawns and borders. For rapid growth and abundant flowering, the bush requires loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be watered abundantly and fertilizers should be added to the soil.

Pink primrose is great for growing on an alpine hill

Primula Bisa

The bush is formed by oblong leaves of an obovate shape, collected in rosettes. The leaf blade is narrowed towards the base, has a blunt apex and is covered with small teeth along the edges. The variety is distinguished by rather dense, hard, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight powdery coating. They contain bright candelabra inflorescences consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form from 2 to 8 tiers on the peduncle. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you choose, the buds may be pink, raspberry or carmine in color.

Primula byssus is a candelabra species of primrose.

As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but the option is also possible long-term cultivation. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven serrated border and fall off in the winter. The inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. The flowers can be yellow-orange or orange in color and bloom from June to July. Primrose Bullea looks great near ponds and streams, and is also well suited for creating flower arrangements.

When placing a plant in open ground, you should take care of reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate low temperatures.

Primula Bullea is a candelabra species of primrose with tiered flowers.

One of the tallest types. The peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight powdery coating. The leaves have an oval or lanceolate shape and are collected in a dense basal rosette. The drooping buds make up lush multi-flowered umbrella-shaped apical inflorescences, located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped corolla is pale yellow or cream in color. The flowering period occurs in May-June. The plant can withstand frosts down to -23°C and prefers to grow in wetlands or well-moistened areas.

It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow higher than 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which arrow-peduncles rise majestically. Spatulate-lanceolate leaves can be entire or finely toothed. The foliage, stems and peduncles are covered with a whitish-yellow powdery coating. Flowers of purple, pinkish-lilac or deep purple have a bright throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped racemes.

The plant blooms from May to June, but with proper care, re-blooming is possible in early September.

Powdery primrose is a primrose with umbrella-shaped inflorescences and the presence of a white or yellow coating on the plants

This variety is usually cultivated in room conditions, placing a flowerpot with a bush on the windowsill or balcony (in summer) of the apartment. It is a herbaceous annual plant that grows up to half a meter. The leaves, collected in a dense rosette, are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade may be oval or heart-shaped, as well as an unusual serrated border. Leafless pedicels rise above the bush, on which there are several whorls. As a rule, the inflorescence consists of 10-20 small fragrant flowers. The buds can be colored pink, red or snow-white, the throat is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving you a spring mood.

Primrose softleaf is usually suitable for growing indoors

This is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green, serrated, round-heart-shaped leaves, covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences of tiny yellow flowers are located on tall peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds are very thin, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often placed near gazebos or houses.

Primrose cussica - another type of primrose for growing indoors

Chinese primrose

It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush placed in the garden usually grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a round-heart-shaped shape, collected in a powerful rosette and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. The edge of the leaf blade is serrated. Umbrella inflorescences are located on high peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. The Chinese primrose will bloom annually only if after each flowering you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.

The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect for growing both in the garden and at home

The reverse conical primrose comes from China and is one of the tallest members of the family. Mature plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on oblong petioles. The edges of the leaf blade are slightly wavy. At the root, the foliage gathers into several powerful rosettes. Leafless flower stalks grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped. The color of the buds depends on the chosen hybrid. There are varieties on the market with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers.

Please note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people sensitive to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids, bred by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.

Obconical primrose has another name - Primula obconica

We have presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but recently hybrids such as polyanthus primrose, terry primrose, obconica, acaulis, colossea, Elizabeth Killelay evening primrose, denim, Dutch and roseanna have become increasingly popular. Of particular interest are the mix varieties, which are a mixture of different species planted in one container.

How to care for primrose at home

Breeding primrose is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Having familiarized yourself with the basic recommendations of experts on creating optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.

Lighting

Perennial primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, allowing you to get aesthetic pleasure from contemplating beautiful flowers throughout the spring and autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for growing in garden conditions, are unpretentious, so an area of ​​the garden where other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for primrose, you should remember that this flower prefers diffused lighting; direct sunlight is harmful to it.

Planting a plant requires compliance with a number of simple rules. Primrose varieties that prefer direct sunlight are very few in number, so when choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and semi-shaded flower beds.

Primroses are unpretentious in care, but it is preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.

Temperature

In summer, it is better to keep the plant on an open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, home primrose becomes full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is perfect for growing outdoors as it prefers cool temperatures. For example, it is better to keep house flowers at 16-20°C, and during flowering it is recommended to move them to a northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well at normal room temperature, but in this case, rely on long flowering not worth it. Sometimes, pots of primrose are even placed between the frames of old windows to provide it with optimal conditions.

In summer, it is better to take indoor primroses out into the open air.

Humidity

The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying out the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be moist; from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.

Primroses are moisture-loving flowers

How to water primrose

During the dormant period, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture that can destroy the roots of the primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with settled water. warm water. Watering should be done directly under the root, otherwise the tender leaves may rot.

Top dressing

Care at home involves mandatory feeding of the plant. Most gardeners do not recommend feeding the plant with too rich fertilizer; it is better to dilute it greatly. It is preferable to apply the fertilizing itself comprehensively, starting from the moment the buds appear. Before the first signs of flowering, you should not fertilize the plant, as it will refuse to bloom and will devote all its energy to the leaf. During the period of active flowering, primrose should be fed every 14 days.

Bloom

As already noted, during flowering primrose requires cool temperatures, high humidity air and abundant watering. You should also not forget about fertilizing, which will help somewhat prolong flowering and give the plant the necessary components to form colorful buds.

How to speed up primrose flowering

To speed up flowering and stimulate plant growth, it is sprayed by special means. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Such preparations should be used at the stage when buds are just beginning to form on the primrose

You can speed up the flowering of primroses using a 0.01% gibberellin solution

Primrose care after flowering

After the flowering period, the plant should be pruned, faded buds should be removed from the bush and the primrose should be prepared for wintering. It is recommended to reduce watering and moistening; fertilizing should be done no more than once a month.

How to prune primrose

Pruning involves removing flower stalks with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on forming seeds. Thus, you somewhat prolong flowering and stimulate blooming following colors. Also, do not forget to trim off yellowing and wilted leaves.

How does primrose reproduce?

This bright and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several options for propagation:

• growing from seeds;
• plant cuttings;
• dividing the bush.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

How to grow primrose from seeds

Recently, the method of propagating primrose by seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts consider this method to be the most energy-intensive and labor-intensive, many amateurs prefer it. Primulas grown from seeds surprise owners with unexpected colors and a riot of colors, while the characteristics of the mother plant are not always preserved.

Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them

At home, primrose is grown from seeds using the same technologies that are used when propagating garden flowers:

• Before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept in a cold place for several days (this procedure is called stratification);
• after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters; primrose can also be sown in peat tablets;
• after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the sprouts are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
• the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal for plants to pick;
• grown seedlings are planted several at a time in one pot.

Please note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.

Dividing the bush

This method is considered the most popular among gardeners due to its simplicity and accessibility, especially since this procedure should be carried out regularly: young bushes must be separated from old ones so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under running water and divided sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.

Garden primrose reproduces well by dividing the bush

Cuttings

The cutting method is considered a little less popular. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos demonstrating the cutting procedure can be easily found on the Internet. When cutting, first of all, make a small incision on the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of buds. After the shoot grows, it is transplanted into the soil and watered regularly.

Leaf cuttings

Leaf cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, you should select several strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat them with a special stimulator for root formation. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with substrate, deepening the cuttings by 2 centimeters. Until a pair of true leaves appear, the small primrose should be kept under a special shelter.

How to transplant primrose

If you were given this beautiful flower or you purchased it at a flower shop, most likely you will have to replant the plant. This is the only way you can be sure that the soil and pot size are ideal for your primrose. Transplantation is also carried out at the end of the flowering period.

The soil

Primrose is known as a grateful flower, sensitive to care. Experts say that the main care requirement to ensure plant comfort is maintaining an optimal level of soil moisture in which perennial primrose grows. Planting a flower requires a high-quality selection of soil mixture.

Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most types of primroses, the soil under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, and free from weeds.

Choosing a pot and planting

If you live in the city and want to decorate your windowsill a wonderful flower- potted primrose will be the best choice. It does not require a large flowerpot. Enough for it to be approximately double more bush. To begin, fill the pot one-third full with drainage, then pour part of the substrate into it, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the soil thoroughly and place it in a new one, placing the root collar closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots so as not to damage them. Now all you have to do is water the primrose generously with purified water and fill the soil to the required level. Be careful not to get water on the delicate leaves, otherwise they may rot.

When the indoor primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot.

Planting in open ground

Experts recommend planting primrose in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. Choose a shaded place for the plant, protected from direct sunlight. Only alpine primrose hybrids can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil and apply complex fertilizers. It is also necessary to take care of drainage to prevent water from stagnating in the ground. If the soil in your garden plot is excessively heavy and clayey, make it somewhat lighter by adding a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance you need to maintain when planting primrose largely depends on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, but tall species need twice as much space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters from each other. The fit must be quite tight, otherwise flower composition will look unaesthetic. The application of complex fertilizers will help to accelerate the growth and increase the flowering time of the plant.

Grown primumul seedlings from pots are transplanted into open ground

Primrose care after planting

After planting, primrose takes some time to take root and adapt to the new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and fertilizing. Don’t forget to remove weeds weekly that interfere with the development of the flower’s root system. In summer, watering is doubled, increasing water consumption to 3 liters per 1 m².

It is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water as top dressing. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also alternate phosphorus and potassium mixtures to make it easier for the perennial to regain strength after the formation of lush buds.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper flower care. For example, yellowing leaves indicate insufficient air humidity or primrose content at excessively high temperatures, excessive watering or fertilizing. Too frequent and abundant watering often leads to the plant being affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and root system of the plant. Adjust the watering system, remove wilted stems and replant the primrose in a new substrate. As for pests, primrose most often suffers from spider mites or aphids. Treatment with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.

If not properly cared for, primroses can be affected by gray rot.

Primrose is not only excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of healing substances. This is no secret, because it has long been used in folk medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using primrose flowers and leaves have long been proven by scientists. Capsules, herbal teas and other preparations are made based on the plant. Naturally, any remedy can be used only on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the required dosage and describe the exact regimen of use. Primrose oil is most widely used because it has a number of beneficial properties. It is taken for women's diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental disorders and even during pregnancy. The range of uses is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every medicine cabinet. Please note that the purchase of medicinal products should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or on the market may not meet quality standards and cause harm to the body. As for manufacturers, there are many good reviews has products from Solgar and Ginocomfort.

- a welcome guest in many gardens. With proper planting, skillful cultivation, propagation and care in the open ground in early spring, a bright carpet will spread out on your site. Make it from varieties of different shades, which this primrose is rich in.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

The herald of spring, the first plant in the garden is the primrose. Planting and caring for it require knowledge and skills, since different varieties have different requirements. In total, primrose has about 500 species, not counting varieties and hybrids. They are classified in different ways, distinguishing sections and groups.

Of all the variety in landscape design, the following primroses are most often used:

• high - grows up to 30 cm;

• finely toothed - with a ball-shaped inflorescence;
• polyanthus - with corrugated leaves.

The palette of primrose shades is very diverse: white-yellow, blue-yellow, raspberry-yellow, etc.

Planting a plant

The best place for primrose is a shady area. But some alpine species grow well in full sun. The soil should be acidic or slightly alkaline. IN heavy soil you need to add sand and organic matter.

The hole should be watered before planting. Depending on the size of the variety, the distance between the bushes is from 15 to 30 cm. There should be no gaps between the rosettes. The soil near the plant is compacted and watered.

Advice. Plant primrose in cool, cloudy weather. The plant should not be flowering.

Plant care

The soil around the primrose should be moist all the time. Watering frequency is 2 times a week, more on hot days. Avoid getting the leaves wet. Make sure that the water does not stagnate: the primrose may rot.

Before wintering, the soil should be dry. The plant itself is covered with leaves in the fall, with a layer of at least 10 cm. If the roots of the primrose are slightly exposed, add soil. Remove weeds and loosen the soil regularly.

Attention! Study the properties of the species you want to grow. The features of planting and care will depend on this.

Fertilizer and feeding of primrose

During the dormant period, when primrose does not bloom, there is no need to apply fertilizer. Feed the plants 2-3 times per season:

1. In early spring - a mineral complex.
2. Use organics in June.
3. Apply ammonium nitrate in August.

The last fertilizing can be replaced with superphosphate and potassium. It is believed that they increase the winter hardiness of primroses. For 10 liters of water, take 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium. You can use these fertilizers during other feedings.

Primrose propagation

This perennial primrose is usually propagated using seeds, rosettes or dividing the bush.

Reproduction by rosettes(cuttings). In May-June, cut rosettes with pieces of root and plant them in a shaded bed. Root them in a permanent location next spring.

Reproduction by dividing the bush. Required in early spring or in the summer for 3-5 years of primrose’s life, since by this time the bush usually grows. The root must be divided into parts with rosettes or buds. Before transplanting, the bush needs watering. Do not allow it to dry out during the entire procedure.

Propagation by seeds. The most difficult method, requiring knowledge and skills. Primrose is sown in open ground:

• in the spring. In February, seedlings are planted in a greenhouse and transferred to the site when the snow melts;
• in summer. The seeds are planted immediately after they have ripened in boxes. When planting and caring during this period, it is important to ensure sufficient moisture;
• in October-December. Pre-winter sowing is considered the most effective.

Advice. If you sow primrose for seedlings, first keep the seeds in the cold. When sowing directly into open ground, you can often do without this, but it all depends on the variety.

Diseases and pests

One of the disadvantages of this primrose is its susceptibility to numerous diseases. Most often, primrose suffers from:

Among the pests that plague the primrose are:

Advice. If any diseases or pests are detected, it is better not to simply remove damaged plants, but to burn them. Preventive care of the remaining bushes consists of treating them with a solution copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.

Perennial primrose: combination with other plants

This primrose looks good under tall bushes. Harmonious in combination with ferns, heucheras. Dwarf conifers make good company for him. You can create a picturesque ensemble of primrose and marigold, soapwort (saponaria), and ornamental cereals.

This plant gets along well with other primroses. Gets along without problems with Muscari. When planting, you can experiment with color scheme, for example, combine pink primrose with purple weigela or barberry leaves. Yellow or orange flowers Heuchera growing nearby, for example, the “Caramel” variety, will provide good shade.

Perennial primrose in landscape design

Due to its brightness and color diversity, perennial primrose is actively used in landscape design. By combining different varieties you can create a beautiful, bright flower bed. It will bloom from April until the end of summer. Decorate your lawn with these primroses, or...

You can decorate ponds with primrose, creating small, neat compositions. Landscape design experts recommend planting the plant along garden paths and in ridges (narrow flower beds). rectangular shape), near fences and fences. Often this primrose is grown not only in open ground, but also in flowerpots or containers. They are placed near gazebos, near the entrance, etc.

Having planted primrose, you will no longer be able to imagine your plot without this magnificent primrose. A huge selection of varieties and colors will awaken your imagination and desire to create, inspiring you to create unique compositions in your garden.

Primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of perennial primrose: photo

Primrose will be the first to bloom in your spring garden, therefore its name is translated from Latin as first, early. If you decide to diversify your landscape design with primroses, first you will have to review a lot of photos, because primrose has more than 500 varieties. However, growing and propagating most of them in open ground will only bring you pleasure.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Primrose is valued for its bright flowers of various shades, some varieties have a pleasant smell, and primrose leaves can also be eaten. Although there are numerous varieties of primrose, not all of them are grown in gardens.

Garden species can be divided into:

• umbrella;
• cushion-shaped;

• capitate;
• longline;
• candelabra;
• bellflowers.

Any owner in the garden has a plot where nothing can be planted. Nothing grows there. It is best to plant primroses in such areas, because among them there are so many unpretentious varieties that grow absolutely anywhere you plant them. And maybe they won’t be the brightest flowers in your flowerbed, but they will always delight you with fresh spring greenery. Spring primrose or common primrose are good for this. Equally practically undemanding, but brighter and more spectacular are the fine-toothed and auricular primroses.

Primroses bloom early, in April, and bloom until July. And some of the varieties bloom again at the end of summer.

Planting a plant

In order to start breeding primrose with seeds, you must first decide what time of year to plant. Three periods are suitable for this.

To sow primrose seeds, it is better to select a place protected from direct sun rays. Primrose, although an unpretentious plant, prefers light, nutritious soil. Often, seeds are sown in special beds in which the flowers receive more comfortable growing conditions before they are planted in their permanent habitat.

Plant care

Primrose, planting and caring for which does not cause much trouble, will thank you for simply loosening the soil, timely removal of weeds and, of course, regular watering. If you want to extend the flowering period of primroses, cut off the flower stalks that have already faded so that they do not take away nutrients at the plant. If you plan to collect seeds, then a few flower stalks will be enough.

It is better to grow primrose in shaded areas, because sunlight shortens the flowering time of the plant. During hot periods, primroses require active watering and shading. For the winter, primrose must be covered with a layer of dry leaves.

Fertilizer and feeding of primrose

Despite all their unpretentiousness, primroses respond well to feeding with rotted organic matter. During flowering, just before the buds open, you can use an aqueous 1% solution of complex fertilizer, but if you use it when the buds are not yet visible, all the power will go into the leaves.

After flowering you can add mineral fertilizer in the form of an aqueous solution. This will help the flowers gain strength for next year and create new flower buds.

Plant propagation

In addition to sowing seeds, these flowers can be propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush. Primrose bushes are divided in the third year, and some varieties are divided not earlier than the fifth year of growth. In the spring before flowering or in the fall, after it has flowered, the plant is dug up and the roots are completely cleared from the ground.

Advice. To avoid damaging the root system, you can simply rinse the roots with water.

Using a sharp knife, the root must be divided into several parts so that each division has a renewal bud, a sufficiently developed root system and a rosette of leaves. The cut areas must be immediately sprinkled with ash, avoiding drying out, and the plant must be planted back into open ground or a pot as quickly as possible. It is necessary to water the divisions daily for two weeks, and if the division was made in the fall, then better plants cover for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings. For this option for propagating primroses, it is necessary to select the largest bushes and separate from them some of the already formed thick roots. On the separated cuttings, longitudinal cuts are made in the upper part. This will help the buds grow faster. The cuttings are planted 3–4 cm deep and cared for in the usual way.

Rooting. This method is perfect if the roots of the plant are still weak and the rosettes have not yet developed enough for division. The leaf petiole with the bud must be separated at the very base of the root. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the sheet plate itself by a third. The separated petiole with part of the shoot must be planted in a specially prepared mixture of sand and soil. The pot with the petiole is placed in a bright place, but protected from direct sunlight, and the ambient temperature is maintained at 16–18 degrees. When shoots appear from the bud, they must be planted in different pots and planted in open ground immediately when weather will become suitable.

Diseases and pests

Primrose has a fairly strong immunity to all kinds of diseases. However, some of them can still affect your plant.

The fungus Ramularia cercosporella is considered the most unpleasant for primrose. This disease can be identified by spots on the leaves of the plant. Most often they appear at the very end of spring. The spots that appear on the leaves have an angular or round shape and a pale color, but later they acquire a gray or brown color with a yellow border. If affected by this disease, you must urgently remove the infected leaves and treat the plants with Bordeaux mixture or specialized products from the store. For prevention, you can spray the plants with a 1% solution of nitrafen in the spring.

Too dense thickets of primrose can harbor pests such as slugs, nematodes and spider mites.

Advice. Regularly inspect plants for pests and diseases to get rid of the problem in a timely manner, preventing a large number of adjacent flowers from becoming infected.

Primrose: combination with other plants

As neighbors, primroses are almost ideal, because for the most part they are tender plants, which are simply not capable of crushing their neighbor. They will grow where there is space without crowding out other crops from the garden. It is necessary to choose neighbors for this flower from the same lovers of damp, shaded places.

Primrose in landscape design

Since there are a lot of species and varieties of primrose, growing and caring for them is simple, this flower is a big favorite landscape designers. Many people consider primroses to be warmer and more attractive than primroses or daffodils. Primrose is simply a godsend for the garden, because by combining different types of these plants you can achieve continuous flowering in the garden from April to August.

Primrose looks very impressive when decorating artificial ponds against the background of purple water lily leaves. These flowers of various bright colors are placed along borders and paths, giving them an unusual flavor. Primrose is a frequent guest in the shaded corners of the garden, as well as on alpine roller coaster and in rockeries in the shade of coniferous trees.

Primroses are often grown in pots and vases to decorate terraces and houses. Some varieties are grown for cutting.

Primrose is the perfect flower for any garden. Ease of cultivation, ease of care, a huge number of species and varieties will allow anyone, even the most demanding gardener, to choose a flower to their liking. A bright palette of all colors and shades will not allow your flower garden to look boring from mid-spring until autumn.

How to grow primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of primrose: photo

ECOgardener

Varieties of primrose (photos and names of flowers for open ground)

Garden primroses are loved by many summer residents, but not everyone knows which varieties and species are suitable for open ground. After all, the genus Primrose is vast and diverse, and it is difficult to say how many species there are. Some sources write that there are about 300 of them, in others 550. And if you remember about the varieties and hybrids bred by breeders, you will get completely confused, because they often lack even approximate signs of the original plant. Flower growers can argue long and hard about the varietal diversity of primroses, but they will all agree that this delicate primrose deserves its place in any garden.

Garden primroses: varieties and species with photos in the landscape

Primroses bloom in early spring, hence the name - primrose. However, it cannot be applied to all varieties - there are summer-flowering species. The leaves of the plant are leathery and covered with soft down. This feature became the reason to come up with another name for primrose - rams. Flower exhibitions are held annually in England, where it is easy to find the rarest and unique varieties.

Primrose (Primula) is a small, beautifully flowering herbaceous plant (biennial and perennial), belongs to the Primrose family, order Ericaceae. Different types and varieties of flowers are scattered almost all over the world. Somewhere there are legends about it, and in some countries primrose leaves are used to prepare spring salads and medicinal tea. But you should be careful, for example, Opconica primrose is dangerous for allergy sufferers.

One of the most widespread legends tells of a guardian of the heavenly monastery who lost the keys to paradise. Having fallen to the ground, they sprouted flowers of incredible beauty - primroses, which in some places, following the legend, are called keys. In Switzerland, primrose is considered a talisman that brings happiness. The beliefs associated with the flower can be described endlessly, and everywhere the primrose has positive value, she was even credited with magical (love) properties.

Varietal, species and hybrid diversity of primroses (description and photo)

For some reason, primrose is considered forest plant, although in nature it is also found near the shores of reservoirs, in the mountains, in alpine meadows and even near snowfields. Sometimes a flower is found in such extreme conditions where other, even the hardiest plants cannot take root. And what is noteworthy is that such primroses are almost impossible to grow in a flower garden.

Botanists, due to the enormous diversity of primroses, divided the genus into 23 sections, and amateur gardeners distinguish several groups. The culture also has individual species, varieties and hybrids; it is extremely difficult to describe them all; let’s look at the most popular ones.

Section Oreophlomis

These are miniature and medium-sized primroses that bloom as soon as the snow melts. The leaves are pubescent, finely toothed along the edges, the flowers of the original species are pink with a yellow throat. A bright representative of the section – primrose pink, its flowers are small, single or collected in loose umbrellas, the height of the peduncle is about 15 cm. The species blooms at the end of April or in May, and the leaves grow back after the buds have withered. Pink primrose loves wetlands.

Auricular section

There are 21 species of primroses in total; they are miniature and native to Europe. The leaves are fleshy, oval, the whole plant is covered with a powdery coating. Considered the most beautiful auricular primrose– the leaves in the basal rosette are evergreen, dense, up to 20 cm in length, finely toothed along the edges. Flowers about 2.5 cm in diameter are collected in umbellate inflorescences. The height of the peduncle can reach 25 cm, the roots are superficial, the entire plant is covered with a powdery coating. Blooms from April to June.

The original species has yellow flowers, and varieties and hybrids of auricular primrose delight with a variety of colors. There are two-color and terry forms. The plant is unpretentious and frost-resistant, loves moisture, grows well only in fertile, calcium-rich, well-drained soil in slightly shaded areas.

Another bright representative of the section is (a hybrid of the species described above). It has an incredible number of diverse garden varieties, which over time have been divided into several groups:

• terry - lush flowers, varieties are relatively unpretentious, although they require frequent feeding. Blooms in June (Hopley Coffee, Fred Booley, Susanna, etc.);
• Belgian - plants without powdery coating, flowers with a yellow throat, monochromatic or bicolor;
• border varieties - varieties with a powdery coating, obtained in open ground, undemanding and durable, bloom earlier than others. Flowers are plain, without a ring around the center (Old Irish, Joyce, Blue, etc.);
• English - the bushes are covered with a powdery coating, the flowers have a white center, from which thin stripes extend along the petals;
• alpine - without powdery coating, the flowers are bright, different in the color of the center. Basically, varieties of this group are capricious; they are often grown in greenhouses or in southern regions(Bradfort City, Snooty Fox, Sirius, etc.).

There are also groups of exhibition auricula, but they cannot be grown in the garden. Among the other primroses included in the section, we can also distinguish such species as coarse-haired, small, Delecluse, bordered, hairy and Carniolian primroses.

Section of serrated primroses

Most interesting - primrose fine-toothed with spherical inflorescences on half-meter peduncles. The leaves are wrinkled, elongated (about 20 cm), the bush is covered with a yellow powdery coating.

It begins to bloom in April, but even a rosette of young leaves with unopened buds looks very beautiful. An unpretentious, frost-resistant, easy-to-grow species with flowers of various shades:

• Alba - the diameter of white flowers is up to 2 cm, and the inflorescences are about 15 cm, loves shaded, damp places;
• Violet - inflorescences are slightly smaller than the previous variety, the buds are purple, the peduncle is no higher than 30 cm;
• Rubra - ruby-red flowers, the parameters of the plant are the same as those of the Violet variety.

Voilet Alba Red

Section includes primula capitata(perennial, rarely biennial plants), all parts of the bush have a powdery coating, it is especially thick with reverse side foliage. Stem up to 30 cm in height. The flowers, bell-shaped with jagged edges, are collected in flat-round, capitate umbels. Blooms from mid-June to early August. The species is shade-tolerant, moisture-loving and relatively frost-resistant. Varieties:

• Mura - distinguished by a powerful bush and wrinkled foliage, densely covered with a powdery coating;
• curly - without plaque.

Section of candelabra primroses

All plants included in this section require good shelter for the winter. The buds in the inflorescences are arranged in rings. The most noticeable thing is that the stem is no higher than half a meter, the flowers up to 3 cm in diameter are collected in whorls, which are arranged in tiers (from 4 to 6). The color of the petals can be pink, crimson and white.

The plant is more comfortable in moist soil, in partial shade. Blooms from early to mid summer. Varieties:

• Valley Red – cherry blossoms with a red tint;
• Miller's Crimson – raspberry, very bright flowers with dark throat;
• Apple Blossom – pink, delicate flowers with a red center;
• white flowers - Alba and Postford White.

It’s also impossible not to notice powdered primrose. In nature, it grows in the marshy areas of China and is the most decorative in this section. Flowers are up to 3.5 cm in diameter, their color depends on the variety, they can be different shades of pink. The bush is covered with powdery coating, the stem is up to 1 m in height and contains about 8 tiers.

Cortus primula section

The section contains species with funnel-shaped flowers located in loose umbels and petiolate leaves; there is no plaque on all parts of the bush. They are all very unpretentious. Primrose cortusiformes with oval, toothed leaves and pubescent stems (up to 60 cm). Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter with a deep notch in the middle. In the original species they are red with a purple tint. Blooms in May and June.

Also worth noting rock primrose– peduncles up to 30 cm, buds bluish-lilac, foliage wrinkled, dissected. The species blooms from mid-spring to early summer. It grows well on moist, loose loams in the sun, and is often used to decorate rocky hills.

Other interesting views:

• n. Siebold;
• n. multinervous;
• n. rejected.

Section muscarioides

The section includes 17 species of biennial and perennial primroses with cylindrical pointed inflorescences. All of them require abundant watering and shelter for the winter. The brightest and most memorable perennial from this section is considered Primrose Vial– stem height 50 cm, inflorescence-spike consists of small fragrant flowers. The buds open from bottom to top. The leaves are large, unevenly toothed. The species blooms in June and July. Grows well in rich, loose, moist soils, in partial shade or sun.

Powdery primrose section

There are about 90 varieties collected here with a powdery coating (white or yellow) on the leaves, especially noticeable on the back side. Plants prefer moist, fertile and permeable soil and require shelter for the winter.

Biennial species predominate; among perennials, we can separately note Norwegian primrose. The bush is no higher than 25 cm, the flowers are pink, dark and light, they are located in loose umbrella inflorescences. Blooms in the first half of summer. Another type that does not require frequent updating and deserves attention is. Peduncles up to 30 cm, leaves finely toothed, flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter, pinkish-lilac with a white or yellow center.

Primrose section

This includes the most unpretentious and most common plants in decorative floriculture without powdery coating on the bushes. Primrose high– leaves up to 20 cm in length, wrinkled, peduncle about 35 cm, pubescent, umbellate inflorescence, sometimes drooping. Blooms from April. The species has a huge number of incredibly decorative hybrids, but we will pay a little attention to popular varieties:

• Alba - peduncle no higher than 20 cm, flowers white with a yellow throat;
• Erfurt giants (varietal series) - maximum peduncle height 30 cm. The inflorescences are large, flowers of various shades;
• Colossea - a mixture of flower colors up to 4 cm in diameter, often with a yellow throat and white rims;
• Big Ben is also a magnificent mixture of colors with flowers 2.5 cm in diameter. Peduncle height 25 cm;
• Rosea - flower diameter 2.5 cm, stem height 20 cm. Flowers can be of various shades of pink, sometimes in combination with yellow;
• Cerulea - flowers are bright, dark blue, velvety with a yellow throat. Arrow height up to 15 cm.

Primula polyanthus or multifloral– flowers up to 6 cm in diameter, collected in dense umbrella inflorescences, their color depends on the variety or hybrid. The species blooms from May. The species is very delicate and requires careful shelter for the winter. Varieties:

• Blue jeans - white flowers with blue veins;
• Francesca - ruffled lemon-green flowers with a yellow throat;
• Faye (varietal series) – the color of the flowers is very expressive, with unusual combinations;
• Super Nova (varietal series) - blooms as soon as the snow melts. Suitable for southern regions only.

Spring primrose- a very unpretentious species with wrinkled, unevenly toothed leaves with wavy edges. Flowers are collected in loose umbrellas. It has a huge number of varieties and hybrids, and there are double forms. Primula vulgare or stemless grows in the South, peduncles up to 20 cm, single flowers. Varieties:

• Potsdam giants (varietal series) - very large flowers of various colors, and the bush is small;
• Primlet (varietal series) – double flowers, color is varied;
• Danova (varietal series) – large-flowered varieties with flowers almost covering the compact leaves;
• Bicolor (varietal series) - large two-color flower caps covering small leaves;
• Delight (varietal series) - large-sized flowers with a characteristic red rim around a yellow center;
• Blue zebra - flowers are striped, blue and white with a yellow throat.

Julia's section

Only one type has been identified - Primrose Julia and its hybrid primrose pruhonicka. Small plants (no higher than 10 cm) with oval, long-petioled leaves, single flowers up to 3 cm in diameter. The species blooms in April and pleases the eye for 3 months. Varieties:

• Sneeuwwitje – white flowers with lemon pharynx;
• Blue Julianas – lilac-blue flowers with a yellow center;
• Riga-6 – pink flowers with a yellow center;
• Wanda - crimson-violet flowers with a yellow throat.

As for the groups of primroses identified by flower growers, they are divided into types that differ in the location and shape of the inflorescences - spherical, cushion-shaped, umbrella-shaped, multi-tiered (candelabra) and bell-shaped. It is under these names that primroses can most often be found in flower shops.

This is the selection of varieties and types of primrose for open ground. And we, of course, described the smallest part of garden perennial primroses, but this information is quite enough to make a choice. The flower is also good because it is very easy to grow (read about this in the next article): its requirements are minimal. Except, of course, rare species and varieties - they need special care. The diversity of the plant allows it to be widely used in decorating areas.

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