In first grade primary school children learn the rules of the Russian language, which they remember for the rest of their lives. Therefore, most adults are sure that a comma is necessary before “what” in any case. However, this is a big misconception. After all, the placement of commas depends on the structure of the sentence and on what part of speech the word to which this article is devoted is. Read this post to find out if “what” is always preceded by a comma.
It should be noted that the word “that” can be part of a particle, a pronoun, or a conjunction. A conjunction is an auxiliary part of speech that serves to connect homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence. Therefore, as a rule, a punctuation mark is placed before it. However, you should not conclude that a comma is always placed before the conjunction “that”. But you should remember - if “what” is used as a connecting word, then a punctuation mark must be placed.
He said that he should have done it differently!
A particle is a auxiliary part of speech that serves to form the forms of words and to express shades of meaning of phrases, individual words and entire sentences. The particle that contains the word discussed in this publication is the exclamation “what the”. And besides, “what” can be used as a particle. In this case, the comma is not used.
Well, isn’t that what he said?
A pronoun is an independent part of speech, indicating signs, objects, quantity, without naming them. The pronoun “what” can be relative and interrogative. The relative pronoun "what" is usually preceded by a punctuation mark. If this word is used in a sentence as an interrogative pronoun, then the punctuation mark must be omitted.
What could he do?
There is no comma before "what"
1. A comma is not placed before the subordinating conjunction “what” or a conjunctive word that is part of indecomposable combinations. For example:
- say whatever comes into your mind;
- to achieve at all costs;
- take what you like;
- Do whatever you want;
- come what may;
- eat what they give you;
- get what you need;
- to fence the devil knows what;
- God knows what's going on with them;
- not so much;
- unknown what;
- this is unclear;
- no matter what;
- anything;
- I can’t find anything to say;
- there is something left to live on;
- only... that (if the expression is followed by a noun or pronoun);
- grab whatever comes your way;
- come what may;
- get what you need;
- say whatever comes to mind;
- scream at the top of your lungs;
- grab anything;
- you never know;
- especially since;
- almost;
- what is needed;
- nothing to look at;
- just now;
- no matter what;
- for nothing about anything;
- almost;
- God knows what.
In the above cases, a comma is not placed based on the rule of the Russian language, which states: a phraseological phrase is equivalent to a member of a sentence and does not form a subordinate clause.
2. When the subordinate part of a sentence precedes the main one, complex union is not divided - no comma is placed. Therefore, in such cases, the punctuation mark should be omitted before the “what”.
Despite the fact that Nastya loved Sergei very much, she still tried to stay away from him and did not show him her feelings.
3. The conjunction “so” of the subordinate part of the consequence is not dissected. Therefore, there is no need for punctuation before the second part.
It was very cold outside, so my face froze literally in seconds.
4. As a rule, a comma is omitted before a conjunctive word or the conjunction “that” if it is preceded by a coordinating conjunction, which is usually repeated.
I tried to find out from him what he had done and why he took this step.
5. If there is a negation before “that”, “not” must be omitted.
I would like to know not what she came up with for herself, but what she achieved with her behavior.
6. If the words “in particular”, “namely”, “especially”, “that is”, “and also” come before “that” with an adjunct meaning, then a comma is not needed.
In this situation, he showed composure, which is what was generally not expected from him.
7. Usually a comma is omitted before “what” if this word is combined with the words “hit” and “anything”.
He was ready to give her anything, if only she would forgive him. But she turned out to be a woman who did not accept just anything as a gift.
8. If the expression “only and... that” is followed by a pronoun or noun, then a comma is usually not placed.
The only thing I do is knitting.
9. Not everyone knows how commas are inserted in Russian. But many people remember this rule: in homogeneous subordinate clauses of a sentence connected by the conjunction “and” a punctuation mark is not needed. Indeed, in this case, commas are placed according to the rule that applies to homogeneous members of the sentence.
I already know what he has in mind and what to expect from him in the future.
10. If, within a simple sentence, “what” acts as a conjunction, adding a nominal compound predicate, having a connotation of comparison, then the comma is omitted.
Unclean thoughts are like unwashed hands.
11. When a subordinate clause is located after the main clause, a comma is not placed before “that” in phrases: because, not only that, so that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, in view of the fact that, because, despite that that, due to the fact that. But the punctuation mark is placed before a compound conjunction, which, according to its meaning, should not split into two parts.
They were still working, even though it was already three o'clock in the morning.
When is a comma placed before “what”?
1. If “what” is a conjunction or allied word in a complex sentence, then a comma is needed.
I know it will get chilly in the evening.
2. In complex sentences consisting of several simple ones, the word “what” is often used to connect the meaning. And as a rule, a comma is placed before this word. But not always!
He forgot when and what exactly he told her, which did not play in his favor.
3. People often use the expression “because” in the text. A comma may be placed between these words. But more often, if the question is asked “for what reason”. An example would be the first sentence below this paragraph. In the second sentence, ask the question “why” and omit the comma.
He didn’t call her because he didn’t know what to talk to her about.
He didn't call her because he lost her number.
When there is a negative particle “not” before “because” in a sentence, a comma is necessary before “that”.
He didn't call her because he didn't like her, he just lost her number.
If there is an introductory construction or an introductory word before “because,” a comma is required after “because.”
He didn't call her, as it turned out, because he had lost her number.
If in a sentence before “because” there is a particle of an intensifying, restrictive or clarifying nature, then a comma is necessary before “what”.
The only reason he didn't call her was because he lost her number.
How to correctly put commas in the phrase “because” will also tell you next rule: if there are correlative constructions or homogeneous members in the sentence, a comma is required before “what”.
He didn’t call her because he was shy, and also because he didn’t know what to talk to her about.
Correct placement of commas in a sentence is a problem that is most often faced not only by schoolchildren, but also by people who have already received general education.
Teachers note that most often errors occur when placing punctuation marks before conjunctions that connect.
When to use commas
- When a conjunction enters into speech patterns that are close in meaning to introductory words.
- When a union connects two parts complex sentence.
- If the conjunction included in the application takes on the meaning of causation.
Let's look at each of these cases in more detail.
Conjunction as part of a comparative figure of speech
There are not many such phrases in the Russian language; they are easy to remember and learn to distinguish automatically in the text. The rule for highlighting such constructions with punctuation marks is very simple: commas are placed both before the turn and after its closing.
1. In comparative usage, the conjunction has the meaning of the word “like”.
How frozen river bed.
In such phrases, the conjunction is easily replaced by other comparative conjunctions. The meaning does not change.
For example, you can write like this:
The road was smooth and winding as if frozen river bed.
2. There are demonstrative words in the main part of the sentence.
silver Age in Russian literature gave the world works such wonderful poets, How Marina Tsvetaeva, Igor Severyanin.
Typically, pronouns act as demonstrative words: that, such, so.
3. The comparative phrase begins with the phrase “like and”.
Some people, like birds , in winter they fly to southern countries.
4. The conjunction is part of the introductory construction.
He left the house how could you understand?, tormented by conflicting feelings.
Such phrases are not separated by commas, if they are included in the predicate or have a very close semantic connection
5. In revolutions, which include following designs:
- none other;
- nothing else;
- such;
- Also.
came on stage none other than famous theater and film artist.
A conjunction connects two parts of a complex sentence.
As you can learn from the Russian language course, we are talking about sentences in which there is a main and subordinate part, connected in meaning. In these sentences, the main part implies the obligatory continuation of the thought.
He jumped out from under the table, like a devil jumping out of a snuff box, deciding to either scare or make us laugh.
The union is included in the application with the meaning of the reason
In these sentences, the conjunction can be replaced by other subordinate conjunctions. This will not change the meaning of the sentence, and commas are placed on both sides of the sentence.
Our maid like an extremely curious person, loved to eavesdrop at the door.
In this case, you can ask a clarifying question: Why did the maid like to listen at the door? - Because she was a curious person.
When an application does not have any additional value, it should also be separated by commas.
Such a thing, like paint, is in every artist’s studio.
When commas are not needed
1. If a conjunction located between the subject and the predicate can be replaced with a dash.
Eyes How diamonds. (Eyes are diamonds)
2. A phrase that includes a conjunction is a stable phraseological unit.
By evening he was fresh like a cucumber.
Unfortunately, there are no rules that help you recognize phraseological units. Usually they are distinguished intuitively.
3. If the turnover plays the role of circumstances of the course of action.
Like hail Buckshot rained down.
Very often, instead of a phrase, you can put a noun or an adverb. For example: Buckshot rained down. The meaning will remain the same.
Such phrases can be difficult to distinguish from circumstances of comparison, which need to be preceded by commas. It is these cases that cause the most difficulties when writing. Therefore, only regular practice and exercises will help us automatically recognize what we see before our eyes: a circumstance of a course of action or a comparative phrase.
4. If the revolution is part of the predicate.
We already looked at this case when we talked about introductory sentences preceded by commas. Finding out whether the conjunction is part of the introductory sentence or whether it is part of the predicate is quite simple. A proposal without it simply makes no sense.
He looked Howgreek god.
If you remove the words from the phrase "like a Greek god", then it will become meaningless. Therefore, such a turnover becomes an integral part of the predicate.
It is worth noting that, unlike the previous example, in this case paraphrasing is impossible without losing the meaning.
5. If there is a negation in a sentence.
There is no need to use a comma if the sentence contains the following particles:
- Exactly;
- Exactly the same;
- Absolutely;
- Almost;
- At all;
- Just;
- Like.
Everything in the Addams Family house not like in people.
The comma, like all existing punctuation marks today, helps to accurately convey the meaning. writing. Judge for yourself. Writing a sentence is quite simple, but making it as clear as possible to the reader can sometimes be very difficult. Clear evidence of this is the numerous funny and sad situations that actually happened.
Thus, in 1864, English manufacturers of tin products, by bribing proofreaders, were able to deceive the US government of almost 50 million dollars. The proofreaders changed only one comma when printing the customs tariff. As a result, tin iron was classified as tin and a low duty was charged for 18 years.
Or the case of one provincial barber who decided to place punctuation marks himself on a sign placed above the entrance to his establishment. As a result, he offered the following services to his clients:
“Here is the tooth, beards are pulled, smallpox is shaved, ulcers are inoculated, blood is destroyed, hair is grown, nails are curled, heads are cut, etc.”
So there is only one conclusion - it’s better not to joke with commas, but to take the trouble to remember some rules for placing commas in a sentence.
Select and divide
Commas work either alone or in pairs.
Single commas divide a whole into parts, separate these parts from each other and allow you to mark the boundaries between these parts. For example, in complex sentence it is necessary to separate two simple parts from each other or in simple sentence separate homogeneous members of the sentence that are used in the enumeration.
Double or paired commas highlight an independent part of a sentence and mark the boundaries of this part on both sides. As a rule, there are appeals on both sides, involved and participial phrases, introductory words.
Some subtleties of comma placement
Many people believe that placing commas in a sentence is difficult task. But in fact, the task can be simplified if you know some simple rules.
Rule one. Understand the meaning of the sentence! All punctuation marks are used for a reason, but depending on the meaning. This is what happens when a comma is placed in the wrong place:
In the evenings, I entertained my brother, who was sick, by reading aloud.
The cat watched the movements of the fish that swam in the aquarium with greedy eyes.
Vaska, with whom I had quarreled yesterday, ran towards me with a cheerful face.
Rule two. Before conjunctions which, that, when, where, because, since, that is, and many others in complex sentences, a comma must be placed.
I'll come whenever I want.
I'm tired because I have a lot of work.
He said he would be late.
Rule three. To correctly highlight an independent part of a sentence, you need to read the sentence without this part. If the meaning of the sentence remains clear, then the removed part is independent.
IN mandatory Participial phrases and introductory words and sentences are separated by commas.
Let's take, for example, this sentence from the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov: “I recently learned that Pechorin died while returning from Persia.” If we remove the participial phrase from it "returning from Persia", then the supply will remain virtually unchanged. It will turn out: “I recently learned that Pechorin died.” The meaning of the sentence has not changed.
But with gerunds, not everything is so simple, because there are cases when gerunds adjoin the predicate, that is, the verb, and in their meaning become as close as possible to the adverb. Then single participles are not separated by commas. For example: “Why, sir, are you crying? Live laughing!”(A.S. Griboyedov). If we remove the gerund, the sentence will become unclear, so we don’t put a comma.
As for introductory words, there are a great many of them. We use most of it every day: firstly, of course, they say, fortunately, imagine, by the way, by the way, and so on. Finding them in a sentence will not be difficult if you try to remove them from the sentence.
Rule four. The address is always separated by commas. It is especially difficult to highlight when it is not at the beginning of a sentence, but in the middle or at the end. For example:
Forgive me, peaceful valleys, and you, familiar mountain peaks, and you, familiar forests. A.S. Pushkin
There are three appeals in this sentence: peaceful valleys, familiar mountain peaks and familiar forests.
Rule five. Comparative phrases are always distinguished by commas. They can be easily detected by the following conjunctions: how, exactly, as if (as if), as if, what, how and, with what, rather than and many others. But even here there are exceptions to the rules. For example, commas are not used to distinguish comparative phrases, which have become phraseological units, stable figures of speech:
it cuts like butter, it pours like buckets, it’s red as a lobster, pale as death.
Rule six. A comma separates homogeneous members of a sentence from each other. In this case, it is quite difficult to make a mistake, since the intonation of the enumeration interferes with this. Helps determine where to put a comma and repeated conjunctions before homogeneous members offers.
A difficult case here can be homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Between homogeneous definitions: exciting, interesting film, - a comma is placed. At heterogeneous definitions: exciting Hollywood action movie, - there is no comma because "breathtaking" conveys the impression of viewing, and "Hollywood" indicates affiliation with the location where this film was produced.
Rule seven. A comma is placed before coordinating conjunctions ( and, or, yes (=and), either, yes and) in a complex sentence. In this case, you need to determine where one sentence ends and another begins. Again, meaning will help if at school you were unable to remember what a subject and predicate are and how to find them in a sentence.
Rule eight is the simplest. A comma is always placed before contrastive conjunctions a, but, yes (=but). These words signal to us that we need to put a comma here. For example:
The fruits are four-lobed capsules, and from them hang seeds half surrounded by a fleshy reddish roof on thin threads.
We will devote rule nine to participial phrases. Here the situation is a little more complicated than with participial phrases, because participles are separated by commas only if they come after the word they are defining. The word being defined is the word from which the question is asked to the participial phrase: friend (what?), delighted at my arrival.
Let's compare:
apple grown in the garden - apple grown in the garden
bus painted in yellow- a bus painted yellow
river covered with ice - river covered with ice
Everything is quite simple if you understand, comprehend and remember.
Rule ten. Interjections and negative, affirmative and question words are highlighted with commas.
As for interjections, a comma must be placed after all sorts of ahahs, sighs, oohs, echoes and similar expressions. For example, let us turn again to Pushkin, who wisely said in one of his poems: “Life, alas, is not an eternal gift!”
Interjections should be distinguished from particles well, oh, ah and others that are used to enhance the shade, as well as particles O, used when addressing:
Oh, what are you!
O field, field, who strewn you with dead bones? (Pushkin).
A few conclusions
It is quite difficult to cover all cases of comma placement in one article. After all, we should not forget that there are also copyright punctuation marks that do not fit into any rules and are explained only creative idea writer. True, some "Russian language experts" This is exactly how they try to explain their ignorance of punctuation.
Commas must be treated carefully, because a misspelled word can still be understood, but missing one comma, according to linguists, can lead to a distortion of the meaning.
Instructions
Find out whether there are homogeneous members. A comma is placed between them if they are not connected by a conjunction. It is also placed between them if they are connected by adversative conjunctions “a”, “but”, “yes”, “ “, etc. It is also placed between homogeneous members if they are connected by repeated conjunctions “and ..., and”, “yes ..., yes”, “neither…, nor”, “or…, or”, etc.
Find out if in the sentence separate members. In most cases, the common ones are isolated, which come after the defined one. Participle phrases and single participles denoting action are also distinguished.
In a complex sentence, put , if its parts are connected by connective, adversative, disjunctive, adjunct, and explanatory conjunctions. In complex sentences, use a comma to separate the subordinate clause from the main clause. The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by one comma or on both sides.
Also use a comma in comparative phrases with conjunctions “how”, “what”, etc. Please note that such phrases are highlighted with commas only if they denote simile and no other shades more.
Please note that they are also used with introductory and expressing the speaker’s attitude to what he is talking about. For example, the speaker’s different feelings (fortunately, unfortunately, etc.), a greater or lesser degree of confidence (of course, unconditionally, etc.), the order of presentation, the connection of thoughts (firstly, in this way, etc. .).
note
But the conversation will focus on highlighting punctuation marks. Where should I put a comma, and where should I not put it? What commas are used for and what you need to know in order to place them correctly, you will learn by watching this video.
For example, spaces often appear before a period or comma, after an opening quotation mark, or before a closing quotation mark. Often punctuation marks are placed incorrectly or used where they are not supposed to. Another important rule concerns the placement of punctuation marks before closing quotation marks: do not put a period, comma, semicolon and colon. These characters are correctly placed after the closing quotation mark.
Sources:
- “A manual on the Russian language”, Rosenthal D.E., 2004.
- commas are placed
- Let's be friends with commas!
- You just used me!
Tip 2: How to punctuate complex sentences
To correctly place punctuation marks in a complex sentence (CSS), you need to determine its type. To do this, it is necessary to indicate the boundaries of the main and subordinate clauses. In most cases, parts of the WBS are separated by a comma.
Main types of SPP
A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one part depends on the other in meaning and grammatically. Subordinate clauses are connected to the main subordinating conjunctions: what, how, where, why, when, etc.
Depending on the number of subordinate clauses, IPPs are divided into two main groups: IPPs with one subordinate clause and IPPs with two or more subordinate clauses.
If there are several subordinate clauses, then they can be attached directly to the main clause. They can be either homogeneous (they have an equivalent meaning, when pronounced they are separated by the intonation of the enumeration) or heterogeneous. Another option is a chain connection, when the first subordinate clause depends on the main one, the second subordinate clause - on the first, etc.
The rules for placing punctuation marks in a sentence are based on which group it belongs to. It is with the definition of the main and subordinate clauses, as well as the type of connection between them, that it is worth starting to set up signs.
If there is one subordinate clause
The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma: “I appreciate it when people trust me.” If it is inside the main clause, then two commas are needed - before the subordinate clause and after it. For example: “In the car we were traveling in, music was playing.”
A comma is not placed if the subordinate clause is incomplete, that is, it consists only of a conjunction (conjunctive word). For example: “They asked me who I was. And I told who.”
If a subordinate clause begins with a compound conjunction, then it is either before it or between its parts. It all depends on the intonation: “I’m here because you!” or “I’m here because I love you.”
When there are several subordinate clauses
If the subordinate clauses are homogeneous, then each part of such a complex sentence is separated from the others by a comma. Example: “I see how you want to please me, how sincerely you are towards me.”
If homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by the conjunction and, then a comma is not placed between them: “I want us to be together and not to quarrel.” A comma will be needed if subordinate clauses are separated by repeated conjunctions: “I love both when the sun shines and when.” Please note that the sign is placed only before the second conjunction and.
If the subordinate clauses are heterogeneous, commas between parts of the IPP are needed in any case. Example: “When we met, I told her she looked good.” With a chain connection in NGN, parts of a sentence are also always separated from each other by the sign: “I will prepare a cake that everyone will like.”
If subordinating conjunctions find themselves nearby, a comma is placed between them: “My friend clarified that if I don’t come, he will be offended.” The sign is not needed if later in the sentence there is a second part of the conjunction - “that” or “so”. For example: “We agreed that if she does not return within an hour, then I will go look for her.”
There may also be proposals with a combined connection. If you are unsure about how to punctuate, draw an outline of the sentence. Mark all connections between its parts. Being clear and knowing the basic rules will help you avoid getting confused.
Video on the topic
A simple sentence is one that has only one grammatical stem in its composition. Moreover, it can have many minor members, which in some cases need to be separated by a comma.
Isolation of definitions, applications, additions and circumstances
The definition is separated by commas if it stands next to: “She, beautiful, sat and was sad.” Also, commas are placed if the definition is behind the word being defined: “The sky, bright and majestic, smiled with the sun.” If the definition comes before the word being defined and the circumstances are significant, a comma is also necessary: “Rejected by everyone, he stood behind the house.”
The application must be separated by commas if it appears next to the personal pronoun: “We believe...”. It also becomes isolated if it comes after a proper name: “Anna, the hostess, remained sitting.” If the application contains the words “even”, “for example”, “that is”, “or”, “especially”, “by name”, a comma is added: “Few people loved him, especially me.”
Additions with the prepositions “except”, “besides”, “excluding”, “over” are separated by commas: “No one, including Fyodor, pitied Anna.” Circumstances with a clarifying meaning are highlighted in a simple sentence: “He left us here, on the shore, near the old pier.” If the circumstance has the preposition “despite”, it also requires isolation: “Despite the pain, the soldier continued to walk.”
Comparative and explanatory phrases
Comparative phrases in a simple sentence are usually separated by commas. The comparative phrase has the conjunctions “as”, “exactly”, “as if”, “as if”, etc. “He laughed like he was crazy.”
Explanatory phrases with the words “that is”, “precisely”, “even”, “including”, “mainly”, “moreover” require commas. “She’s just a friend, not even a relative.” Addresses are always isolated in a simple sentence: “Dear mother, good afternoon!”
Availability of introductory constructions and homogeneous members
If a simple sentence has an introductory construction, it requires highlighting. These can be single words: “Probably everyone died.” There may also be sentences: “The door, as he said, was broken into.”
A comma in a simple sentence is placed between two or more homogeneous members without conjunctions: “The boys grew up, got stronger, became more mature.” If they have a repeated conjunction, a comma is also needed: “Neither brother nor suspected anything.” The presence of homogeneous members of the conjunctions “a”, “but”, “yes” also indicates the need for a comma: “He was scared, but did not show it.”
Comma before the conjunction "as"
A comma before the conjunction “how” in a simple sentence is placed in a number of cases. If the union enters into a comparative turn: “A prince came out, handsome as the moon.” If the conjunction “how” is included in the introductory construction: “On the way, as usual, he joked and laughed.”
A comma is placed before the conjunction “how” if it is used in an application with a causal meaning: “As a beloved friend, Anna will never leave him in trouble.” If there is an “and” after the conjunction: “Animals, like people, have different character" A comma is needed in the expressions “no one else but”, “nothing else but”.
Video on the topic
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We all remember well from school that in sentences before conjunctions A And But A comma is always used, and it does not matter whether the sentence is complex or simple with homogeneous members. With the union And everything is much more complicated. Let's try to figure it out.
In the very general view the rule looks like this: simple in sentences with homogeneous members, a comma before And not placed, if this union single: I remember the dacha And swing… If union and repeats itself, comma is put between homogeneous members before the union: I remember the dacha And swing, And bonfire over the river... In complex(complex) sentence with a comma before the conjunction And, usually, is put: I remember the dacha And I still remember my childhood swing...
Thus, we summarize: in a complex sentence between its parts before the conjunction And a comma is placed; in a sentence with homogeneous members it is placed if the conjunction And repeats itself. To avoid mistakes, it is enough to correctly determine which sentence we have in front of us - a simple one with homogeneous members or a complex, complex one. To do this, you need to look at how many grammatical bases there are in the sentence (the grammatical base is the subject and the predicate). If one is a simple sentence, two or more are complex. In our examples in the sentence I remember the dacha and the swing... one subject - I, and one predicate - I remember, that is, one grammatical basis, which means the sentence is simple ( dacha And swing- homogeneous additions). In a sentence I remember the dacha, and my childhood swing remains in my memory... two grammatical bases ( I remember; the swing remains in my memory), which means the sentence is complex.
Let's go back to compound proposal. In what cases is there a comma before And in him not placed? There are several such cases, namely:
1) If parts compound sentence united somehow general element: common minor member, common introductory words, phrase, sentence or general subordinate clause:
This morning the wind died down And . (Complex sentence, This morning- common minor term for both parts; comma before And is not placed.)
When dawn broke, the wind died down And the long-awaited silence came. (Offer with different types communications; for parts 2 and 3 which are connected coordinating connection, subordinate clause When it dawned is common, meaning a comma before And is not placed.)
2) If each part of a complex sentence is an interrogative, imperative or exclamatory sentence:
What is this show about? And Who is it intended for?(Parts are interrogative sentences. Compare: What is this program about? Who is it intended for?)
How beautiful is this picture And it brings back so many memories!(Parts are declarative exclamatory sentences.)
Violinist, play And rejoice, people!(Parts are exclamatory sentences.)
3) If the parts of a complex sentence are nominal or impersonal sentences:
Summer evening And slight coolness.(Parts are denominative sentences.)
The house is flooded And It's warm on the veranda.(Parts are impersonal sentences.)