Solid foundation block FBS 24.4.6-T is the most commonly used high-strength block-type building material. FBS is a rectangular solid block for general purpose. Classic FBS 24.4.6.T is made from traditional material - heavy concrete with an average density of at least 2300 kg/m3. FBS concrete blocks are intended for the construction of foundations of low-rise buildings and the construction of basements of various depths, as well as technical underground premises of any buildings. FBS is also often used for the construction of walls of unheated buildings and industrial structures. Concrete blocks of this type often used in road construction as barriers in industrial construction
Product marking
The following is accepted symbol FBS foundation blocks:
Designation of the type of foundation block, rounded values of the length, width, height of the reinforced concrete product, then the type of concrete is indicated.
- FBS – solid foundation block;
- the first digit is the length;
- the second is the width;
- third - height;
- T - made of heavy concrete.
Marking marks, date of manufacture and weight of products must be on the side edge of each block.
Product characteristics
FBS 24.4.6-T blocks are the main material for a strip foundation (a strip of reinforced concrete along the perimeter of the entire building including the center lines). Most often, strip foundations made from FBS blocks are used in highly heaving and moisture-saturated soils. The blocks have low water absorption and resist the destructive effects of groundwater for a long time.
As mentioned above, the classic FBS 24.4.6.T block is made of heavy concrete. Such blocks are suitable in cases where they will be forced to withstand high loads from the walls of the building. The qualities of strength, reliability, and corrosion resistance of heavy concrete are unrivaled. Deformation characteristics and resistance to moisture allow FBS blocks to become ideal material for basement walls and other technical underground objects. A block of heavy concrete does not crumble, does not rot, does not age, does not emit toxic substances
FBS have the form of a monolithic rectangular parallelepiped, length 2380 mm, width 400 mm and height 580 mm. The mass of FBS made of heavy concrete is much greater than that of expanded clay concrete and other materials, and amounts to 1300 kg. But the solid mass is determined by the durability, strength and stability of heavy concrete blocks.
Such blocks can be used if the calculated seismicity of the object is no more than 8 points. For light, non-buried strip foundations, blocks 400 mm wide are used, for more powerful and critical foundations, for load-bearing walls For basements and ground floors, blocks with a width of 500 mm and 600 mm are used. For non-load-bearing basement walls, blocks with a width of 400 mm and 300 mm are used.
Reinforcement of the FBS block is carried out in rare cases, because thanks to the material and design, they do not require steel rods to be inserted into the structure.
The versatility of FBS 24.4.6-T blocks lies not only in the variety of shapes and sizes, which allow you to implement any engineering solution, but also in the fact that the blocks can be used in various climatic conditions and on any soil. FBS blocks are one of the few reinforced concrete products that can withstand a very wide temperature range - from +50 to -70 C.
The production of fundamental concrete blocks is carried out in steaming chambers, as in outdoors, and in enclosed spaces.
The main requirements for FBS are the guarantee of their special strength, as well as compression resistance, since the main purpose of foundation blocks is to withstand the colossal loads of the structure. When used in the production of high-quality concrete, foundation blocks are not subject to deformation, and are also characterized by increased frost resistance and water resistance, and are resistant to aggressive environments. All these qualities significantly expand the scope of application of FBS.
Product marking
Markings on foundation FBS blocks must be applied to lateral surface block.
For all products of fundamental blocks FBS 24.4.6.T is issued by the manufacturer technical certificate, where indicated following parameters:
- grade of concrete for frost resistance and water resistance;.
- grade of concrete in terms of strength and its average density;
- tempering strength of concrete and actual tempering density of concrete;
- date of manufacture;
- number of reinforced concrete products;
- indication of compliance with the state standard.
- tempering strength of concrete and actual tempering density.
Product quality control
Even at the manufacturing plant of concrete foundation blocks, they undergo strict quality control, one of the stages of which is checking for geometric deviations. Deviations in the dimensions of foundation blocks should not exceed the following indicators: in length + 13 mm, in width and height ±8 mm, in cutout dimensions ±5 mm, and deviations from the straightness of the profile of the surfaces of the foundation block should not be more than 3 mm over the entire length and width block.
Cracks are not allowed in the concrete from which the blocks for basement walls are made, with the exception of local surface shrinkage cracks. And their width should not be more than 0.1 mm (for blocks made of heavy and dense silicate concrete) and 0.2 mm (for FBS blocks made of expanded clay concrete). The FBS 24.4.6-T block can have several types of concrete surface - for painting, finishing ceramic tiles and non-facial surfaces that cannot be finished.
Installation
Installation of FBS foundation blocks can take place at the construction site if the necessary mechanisms are available for this. Mounting loops made of smooth rod reinforcement can be installed at a distance of 300 mm from the ends of the block, flush with its upper surface (in FBS type blocks with a length of 1180 and 2380 mm). If special gripping devices will be used when installing foundation blocks, then, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is possible to produce blocks without mounting loops at all. Also, the mounting loops of the FBS concrete block must be in mandatory cleared of concrete deposits, otherwise this can significantly complicate the installation process.
Storage and transportation
FBS blocks are strongly recommended to be stored in stacks that are sorted by brand and batch and tightly stacked with each other. In this case, the height of one stack of foundation blocks should not exceed 2.5 meters. Pads for the bottom row of FBS 24.4.6.T blocks (at least 30 mm thick) must lie on a dense, carefully leveled base.
Transportation of foundation blocks is only possible if they are securely secured in order to prevent their mixing and possible damage. The number of blocks during transportation depends on the carrying capacity of the vehicle. The height of the stack of FBS blocks is set depending on the load capacity and dimensions of the transport used.
Reinforced concrete products are widely used in modern construction. They are used for laying foundations and erecting walls. The most important advantage is that they are delivered to the construction site in already manufactured sections, and this saves time, since there is no need to wait for hardening.
Although the weight of FBS blocks is significant, there are special construction vehicles that transport materials to the construction site.
Reinforced concrete structures can be used in almost any climate, as they are endowed with unsurpassed technical characteristics.
The weight of FBS foundation blocks and properties depend on the type of product.
Main types of concrete blocks and their weight
Foundation blocks are distinguished by shape and design. They are:
- Solid;
- Void;
- Solid with cutout.
Constructions solid type characterized by a completely filled space. They are filled with reinforced reinforcement or filled. These blocks can withstand significant loads and their strength, unlike other products, is the highest. Consequently, the weight of a solid foundation block is greater, depends on the dimensions of the structure and ranges from 300 kg to 2000 kg.
Solid blocks with special grooves allow you to lay all kinds of communications. They have cutouts, so the weight of FBS concrete blocks is much less than solid ones. This type of design reduces the time it takes to connect heating networks to a source of electricity, buildings to water supply or heat supply systems. The weight of each of these blocks reaches 500-700 kg.
Hollow-type blocks are produced with cavities, which are filled during the construction process various materials, carry out waterproofing or apply thermal insulation.
They are much lighter than other structures and therefore are used in situations where, due to geological conditions, the use of solid sections of large mass is impossible.
The weight of hollow-type FBS blocks varies from 20 kg to 200 kg.
The weight of FBS foundation blocks is also affected by the material from which they are made (heavy concrete, silicate concrete or expanded clay concrete).
Dependence of the weight of FBS blocks on dimensions
FBS blocks, the dimensions and weight of which are interconnected, are made of heavy type concrete with high density. Each product is marked, the following symbol is adopted:
- Abbreviation: FBS;
- Dimensions: the first number is length, the second number is width, and the third number is height;
- Material: “T” - heavy concrete, “C” - silicate, etc.
The height of each block is the same. It is 58 cm. But the weight of the FBS blocks depends on the length and width of the products. A reinforced concrete block 88 cm long and 30 to 60 cm wide will weigh 350-700 kg. These products include FBS 9-3-6t, FBS 9-4-6t, FBS 9-5-6t, and FBS 9-6-6t.
Structures with a length of 118 cm and a width of 30 to 60 cm will weigh more. These include FBS labeled 12-6-6, 12-5-6, 12-4-6, 12-3-6. The weight of FBS blocks will be 450-1000 kilograms.
With dimensions 238x30x60cm, 238x40x60cm, 238x50x60cm and 238x60x60cm, they weigh 950-2000 kilograms.
IN state standard, regulating the production of reinforced concrete products, the dimensions and weight of FBS blocks are indicated. You can read this document in detail, where you can find technical requirements production of blocks from silicate and heavy concrete with a density of at least 1800 kg/m3.
Why is it necessary to know the mass of FBS blocks?
The state standard GOST 13579-78 standardizes not only the strength characteristics of reinforced concrete products, but also establishes overall dimensions and weight. Why do you need to know how much a foundation block weighs? This is necessary to control the quality of products. In construction conditions at a site, it is impossible to determine the density of concrete, and weight is precisely the indicator that indicates this value.
Knowing how much an FBS block weighs and how many such blocks will be needed to build a foundation or for another construction purpose, you can choose the right special equipment for transporting, loading and unloading structures, and laying them. Such blocks are supplied in 10 and 20 ton equipment.
And if you have information about the mass of FBS blocks, you can save significant amount Money on transportation of bulky sections.
It is important to take into account downtime and unforeseen situations during the delivery of cargo to the site.
The weight of FBS blocks is their disadvantage, but during the construction process it plays a role important role, since it affects the quality and strength of the foundation, determines the reliability of the structure and ensures a long service life.
Product drawing:
FBS 24-6-6 foundation blocks are made of reinforced concrete and have the shape of a parallelepiped. They are called the full six. Like all reinforced concrete products, foundation blocks are marked with an abbreviation. IN in this case“FBS”, which can be deciphered as “solid foundation blocks”. In their markings they have numbers indicating the sizes of their three dimensions - length, width and height, traditionally in decimeters.
To install these reinforced concrete blocks, special hinges are installed on them, by which they are lifted by working equipment. There are grooves at the ends that are filled with cement mortar to ensure the strength of their connection to each other. They must be strong and reliable, since they are designed to withstand the load of the mass of the architectural structure. They must be resistant to temperature changes, frost-resistant, and should not be subject to the destructive effects of moisture from the soil. Like similar reinforced concrete parts, they are made from heavy grades of concrete that meet the requirements of strength, water resistance and frost resistance. Additional reliability is provided by the internal frame made of reinforcement.
The production of FBS 24-6-6 blocks must be carried out strictly in accordance with the rules of GOST 13579-78. The use of foundation blocks is modern stage urban construction and industrialization in general, since prefabricated reinforced concrete structures seem to be the most convenient and practical. This material could radically change the quality of buildings, influenced the speed and cost of building construction, and the ergonomics and practicality of work. construction equipment. Basically, solid foundation blocks are used for laying strip foundations. But in practice, their range of use is much wider - these are the walls of industrial buildings, walls of basements and plinths.
Depending on the region and manufacturer, these blocks may have the following marking options:
FBS 24.6.6t (the letter "t" in this case means that the block is made of heavy concrete)
Any design and construction, including laying foundation blocks, must be carried out strictly in accordance with the required technologies provided for in SNiP. This abbreviation is very familiar to all builders; it stands for “Building Codes and Rules”. Strict adherence to all prescribed recommendations and instructions is primarily a matter of safety and reliability of the building’s future operation. The slightest inaccuracy or oversight in work can lead to irreparable consequences. What I would like to remind you about working with such concrete products like solid foundation blocks.
The basis of the foundations and the beginning of any work should be the determination of the type of soil and soil from a geological point of view. Check the level and depth of soil freezing in winter period. It is also necessary to determine the depth of groundwater and calculate the expected load on the foundation, plus make a margin for safety. Based on these data, a project is being prepared that takes into account all the nuances of the layout of foundation blocks and pillows. It is very important not to make a mistake with the layout of the axes; this will allow you to create the necessary and correct geometric shape building under construction. Foundation pads, by the way, ensure the reliability of the foundation being laid. Also, one of the main stages is properly waterproofing the foundation. Saturated with salts groundwater quite aggressive. The block filler can, of course, be different - from crushed stone to expanded clay, more cheap material It is more economical and even lighter, but it makes the foundation less strong.
You cannot neglect the characteristics of the grade of concrete from which FBS blocks are made; compare them with GOST 13579-78. If the foundation is done incorrectly, sooner or later cracks will appear in the walls, the entire geometry of the room will be disrupted, moisture will begin to seep in and even wind will penetrate. That is, it is the foundation that determines the condition and quality of the entire house as a whole. Practical control over the work of laying the foundation must be the strictest so that the entire construction does not go to demolition in the future. The damage from this can be colossal.
Manufactured in industrial conditions FBS 24-6-6 foundation blocks guarantee the quality of reinforced concrete products. Laying the foundation with blocks is a significant time saver, since the work is done really quickly and is not overly complicated. Such a foundation can be loaded immediately after it is laid - this is also an important plus for builders.
Technologically, it is stipulated that each foundation block is tested in production for strength in accordance with GOST 13579-78. If the foundation is made monolithic and concrete is poured, then construction suffers “downtime”, since such a foundation must be given time to thoroughly harden (sometimes these periods are calculated in weeks), whereas with reinforced concrete blocks construction continues without pause. In addition to solid foundation blocks, there are also hollow foundation blocks and solid foundation blocks with a cutout. Jumpers are placed in these cutouts and communications are laid.
A block of concrete is fake diamond, which can have any shape and color. They were originally used as an alternative replacement for brick. Now the scope of application of these building materials is quite extensive. They are used to construct supports for buildings, walls, floors and other surfaces. With their help you can build small buildings residential and technical purpose in record time.
If you plan to build a house from timber, then concrete blocks are used for arranging the base, as their strength and durability are higher than wood. Often from the blocks you can see hangars, saunas, garages, industrial buildings and fences.
Despite the low cost, the material is endowed with high sound and heat insulation characteristics.
Varieties
Concrete blocks vary in shape, size, filler, etc. They are made of hard or lightweight concrete.
Heavy
A material is heavy if its dry density is up to 2500 kg/m³.
The main types of concrete blocks made from heavy concrete are sand concrete, reinforced concrete and cinder blocks.
Sand-concrete
These are hollow products reinforced with metal rods for the construction of one-story buildings. Their main advantage is high strength. For the construction of residential buildings, it is recommended to use concrete products of grade M100.
The building material is available in 2 types: hollow and solid. Hollow blocks are used for arranging walls, solid (monolithic) blocks are used for constructing a foundation.
They are characterized by low thermal insulation properties and high hygroscopicity, so buildings made from them require additional insulation.
The material is used for the construction of load-bearing and interior walls, as well as partitions.
Reinforced concrete
These are products rectangular shape, made of concrete grade no lower than M100 and equipped with grooves for pouring at the joints. A steel frame is built into the design, increasing resistance to compression or expansion during temperature changes.
The main purpose is to build foundations on various types soil, including problematic ones.
Lungs
Lightweight concrete is a material whose dry density is less than 1800 kg/cm³. Reducing the weight of products is achieved through the use of lightweight aggregate or artificial foaming of the binder mass. The group of lightweight concrete blocks includes: expanded clay concrete, foam concrete and aerated concrete.
It's environmentally friendly pure material, made from baked clay (expanded clay), water and cement.
The main feature is that, thanks to the structure of the products, walls made of expanded clay concrete “breathe” and have good sound insulation.
By thermal insulation properties Expanded clay concrete has no equal among other building blocks.
A type of cellular material. It is made by adding lime to the consistency, quartz sand and gas-forming cement - aluminum powder.
Aerated concrete has a porous structure both outside and inside.
This is a material made from sand, cement, water and foaming agent.
Unlike aerated concrete, it hardens under natural conditions.
Dimensions and weight
The sizes of concrete blocks depend on their purpose and customer needs, and therefore can be completely different.
Main dimensions of building materials for external walls:
- length: 400, 600, 900-3300 mm;
- height: 300, 600, 800-3900 mm;
- thickness: 200-600 mm.
Main parameters of concrete blocks for interior walls:
- length: 400, 900-3300 mm;
- height: 300-600, 1100, 2100, 2500, 2800, 3000, 3300 mm;
- thickness: 160, 200, 250, 300 mm.
Weight
The weight of a concrete block depends on the class and density concrete mixture, number of mounting loops, steel grade, amount of material used (concrete and steel).
Wall blocks made of lightweight concrete are: solid (without voids) - weight up to 20 kg and hollow - weight up to 16 kg.
Foundation blocks made of heavy concrete are divided into 3 groups: solid, hollow and solid with voids (with grooves, cutouts). The weight of solid type products varies from 300 to 2000 kg. If the material contains a small part of voids (up to 13%), then its weight is 500 - 700 kg. The mass of hollow-type products is 20 - 200 kg.
Knowing the dimensions and weight of 1 m³ of blocks, you can calculate how much the concrete block being sold weighs. It is necessary to calculate the volume of concrete mixture and the volume of voids. If the block does not have voids, then the volume is calculated by multiplying the length by the width and height. To calculate the mass, the resulting value should be multiplied by the mass of 1 m³.
Price
How much does the average concrete block cost? For cost building material The concrete brand, overall dimensions, filler, manufacturer’s reputation, market capacity and other factors influence. The larger the overall dimensions, the more expensive the block.
Expanded clay and expanded polystyrene are more expensive fillers than sand and slag. The cheapest material is cinder block. Its cost is from 35 rubles per piece.
Hollow expanded clay concrete with dimensions 390×250×198 mm costs 3,100 rubles per 1 m³, and the price of solid concrete with similar characteristics is 3,700 rubles per 1 m³. Prices for aerated concrete material with dimensions 625×400×250 mm is from 3900 rubles per 1 m³.
Building blocks are a popular material for the construction of residential, industrial and technological facilities. They are released various shapes, masses and overall dimensions. This is a good and inexpensive alternative to brick.
Today, FBS blocks are very popular in the construction of foundations and low structures: product sizes and prices are available in a wide range. This allows you to decide suitable material for construction in certain conditions. By following the rules for selecting the type of material and its dimensions, you can create a durable and reliable design in a short period of time.
The concrete block for the FBS foundation is a solid monolithic product made of reinforced concrete, having the shape of a parallelepiped. Among other types of blocks, the material has the highest strength and performance characteristics, thanks to which it can be used in the construction of foundations.
FBS is a reliable, stable and durable building material, which is characterized by increased resistance to impacts environment. The strength characteristics of the product are special meaning, since the elements are the basis for creating the foundation of a building.
The material is manufactured exclusively in factory conditions, since the quality of each product must be strictly controlled using laboratory instruments in accordance with GOST. Foundation blocks can be made from the following materials:
- silicate concrete or expanded clay concrete with a density of at least 1800 kg/m³;
- lightweight high-strength concrete class B100;
- heavy high-strength concrete grade M50-M200.
Concrete is selected based on the operating conditions of the structure being built. This takes into account temperature changes, mechanical loads and humidity levels. Concrete grade M200 has maximum strength. For harsh conditions For operation, you can use filler brand M150, and for standard ones – M100.
In addition to filler concrete, reinforcement made of A1 or A111 steel is used, which improves strength characteristics and reduces the effects of pressure and compression, and plasticizers, which increase the frost resistance of the material.
Advantages and disadvantages of foundation reinforced concrete blocks
Due to its high strength and performance characteristics, this building material is made of concrete, which is reinforced from the inside with reinforcement cage, can be used for the construction of a columnar foundation, in combination with a strip foundation, for the construction of walls of low buildings, basements and cellars.
Concrete foundation blocks are characterized by the following advantages:
- good load-bearing capacity;
- high installation speed;
- reliability of the material, this is ensured due to the fact that the products are manufactured in the factory according to special technology on modern equipment In addition, they undergo strict laboratory control;
- high density of joining of elements, which is achieved thanks to the thoughtful design of products and the precise dimensions of concrete blocks;
- the elements are equipped with special mounting grooves for convenient installation;
- the versatility of the material makes it possible to construct the foundations of structures of any complexity;
- installation work can be performed at any time of the year, since the material is not afraid of temperature fluctuations and high humidity;
- The high stress resistance of the material allows it to be used in the most unfavorable conditions such as icy or acidic soils;
- After completing the installation of the blocks, you can immediately begin other construction work.
The disadvantages of the material include:
- high cost of products;
- low heat resistance;
- the large weight of the products, as a result of which installation work associated with laying the elements will require the use of special equipment;
- the joints between the parts will not be leak-tight.
Selecting the sizes of foundation blocks for the construction of the foundation
Currently, when constructing a foundation, a combined laying method using FBS elements is very popular. Thanks to this technology, construction costs are reduced, which does not affect negative influence on the strength and durability of the structure. When choosing the size of foundation FBS blocks, it should be taken into account that the future foundation must not only withstand the weight of the structures, but also distribute it evenly throughout the entire foundation.
Important! Inconsistency in product sizes can negatively affect the condition of the foundation, which will ultimately lead to the destruction of the building.
The strength of the structure, the technological process of installing elements, and the execution time depend on the size of the product. zero cycle"and the cost of products. The dimensions of building blocks are determined based on the type of soil, its bearing capacity. It is also necessary to take into account the thickness of the walls and ceilings, the weight of the structure, the area and strength of the foundation. The lower the soil stability, the larger the foundation blocks should be. For example, for clay surfaces you should choose the largest elements, and on coarse soils you can build foundations from small-sized products. To create the most dense styling, it is recommended to use products of different sizes.
Helpful advice! When choosing the size of blocks for building walls, you must be guided by the rule that states that five elements per wall length are considered optimal.
FBS blocks: dimensions products according to the assortment
Each block has its own marking, which indicates the length, width and height of the product in decimeters. These parameters must strictly comply with the requirements of GOST 13579-78. If the letter “T” appears next to the numerical value, this indicates that heavy concrete was used in the manufacture of the block, the letter “P” indicates expanded clay concrete, and “C” indicates dense silicate concrete.
According to GOST, the FBS block is presented in 15 standard sizes, where the important dimensional characteristics is the width of the products, which is 300-600 mm. According to the length of the FBS, the assortment is divided into three standard sizes with values of 880, 1180 and 2380 mm. The height of the products is 580 mm. Only a block with a length of 1180 mm has a product height of 280 mm. The smallest element has dimensions of 880x300x580, and the largest foundation block FBS 24.6.6 has dimensions of 2380x600x580 mm.
Marking of standard products is given in the table:
| Designation | Width, mm | Height, mm | Length, mm | Element weight, kg |
| FBS.24.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 2380 | 1960 |
| FBS.24.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 2380 | 1630 |
| FBS.24.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 2380 | 1300 |
| FBS.24.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 2380 | 970 |
| FBS.12.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 1180 | 960 |
| FBS.12.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 1180 | 790 |
| FBS.12.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 1180 | 640 |
| FBS.12.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 1180 | 460 |
| FBS.12.6.3 | 600 | 280 | 1180 | 460 |
| FBS.12.5.3 | 500 | 280 | 1180 | 390 |
| FBS.12.4.3 | 400 | 280 | 1180 | 310 |
| FBS.9.6.6 | 600 | 580 | 880 | 700 |
| FBS.9.5.6 | 500 | 580 | 880 | 590 |
| FBS.9.4.6 | 400 | 580 | 880 | 470 |
| FBS.9.3.6 | 300 | 580 | 880 | 350 |
Helpful advice! A standard block is a solid product with no voids. When purchasing material, you should check with the manufacturer for a quality certificate, which is a guarantee that the blocks meet the requirements of the current standard.
How to choose the correct sizes of FBS blocks for construction
When constructing foundations, different sizes of foundation blocks can be used, and the price per piece of the product will depend on its dimensions. To accurately determine the size of the blocks and their number, you should scan the base. On a special drawing, all products are conventionally laid out along the length and height of the basement wall of the building. Here you should take into account the dressing between the blocks, which is at least 25 cm.
The width of the product is selected based on the thickness of the building walls. In this case, minor overhangs of above-ground structures are allowed. If the walls are built of brick, then the protrusion should be no more than 40 mm on each side. Here you can use FBS with a width of 600 mm for walls of 640 mm and a size of 500 for structures of 510 mm.
The length of the foundation block must be determined by the development where the elements are located different sizes so that they lie flat without forming significant protrusions.
Helpful advice! If it is not possible to lay standard-sized elements properly, they can be split along their length.
When constructing foundations and erecting walls, products with a height of 580 mm are used. Blocks with a value of 280 mm are used as additional elements when it is necessary to make a hole in the base for ventilation, input or output of networks.
The weight of FBS blocks is an important value, knowing which, you can decide on the special equipment necessary for laying the products, as well as the transport that will be used when delivering the blocks to the construction site.
Helpful advice! Today, manufacturers produce small foundation blocks 200x200x400 mm, which can be installed without the use of special equipment.
Types of blocks according to GOST: FBS, FBP, FBV, FL and BF
For the construction of a technical underground, basement walls, installation of columnar and strip foundations, construction of walls of low structures, unheated buildings and other structures operating under systematic exposure to temperatures from +50 to -70 degrees, concrete blocks can be used, which, based on GOST 13579-78 There are three types: FBS, FBV and FBP. Products are made from silicate, heavy concrete or expanded clay concrete. Their density should not be less than 1800 kg/m³.
According to the transcript, FBS is a fundamental wall block with maximum safety margin. When manufacturing monolithic small elements, structural reinforcement is not used. Metal is used only for the manufacture of hinges for installation. In the production of dimensional blocks, longitudinal reinforcement rods are necessarily used, which increases the weight of the FBS.
FBV blocks, unlike the previous type, have lengthwise cut in the cavity of the product. It is designed for installation engineering communications. The manufacturing process of such products is similar to the manufacturing method of the previous version. Here, concrete of at least grade M100 is used. However, in the construction of FBV blocks are used extremely rarely, therefore they are manufactured mainly according to individual order. Products are available in lengths of 880 mm, heights of 580 mm and widths of 400, 500 and 600 mm.
FBP blocks are hollow lightweight concrete products with open square holes at the bottom of the element. Concrete grade M150 is used for production. Products are produced in lengths of 2380 mm. Other linear dimensions foundation blocks and prices for products are in a wide range. FBP blocks are used to create foundations for industrial equipment or to construct internal basement walls.
As a base for columnar or strip foundation products are used trapezoidal shape, which are marked FL. The parameters and dimensions of foundation pads are regulated by GOST 13580-85. The width of the products varies between 600-3200 mm. The height of the elements can be 300 or 500 mm. The last value corresponds to products with a width of 2000 mm. The length of the block is 780-2980 mm. The largest elements have dimensions of 2980x2000x500 and 1180x500x3200 mm, and the smallest are available in sizes 1180x600x300 mm.
For the construction of internal and external walls of agricultural and industrial enterprises Reinforced concrete strip blocks BF made of heavy concrete are used, which are regulated by GOST 28737-90. All elements are divided into six varieties, which differ in their cross-sectional sizes.
Reliable domestic manufacturers of foundation blocks: product prices
FBS concrete blocks are part of the products that are produced at any concrete plant. Very often, products are manufactured without observing all the details and steps. technological process. Mixed grades of concrete can be used as raw materials. Therefore, when choosing high-quality and reliable material, you should choose companies that have proven themselves with the best side in the global construction market.
One of the largest enterprises in Russia for the production of building materials from concrete is the Plant of Industrial Construction Parts. The product is durable and high quality manufacturing, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST. The cost of foundation blocks starts from 1200 rubles/piece.
The Russian company Vira specializes in the manufacture of concrete products. The product range includes more than 400 items, including wall foundation blocks. The price per piece of the product depends on its dimensions and averages 1,650 rubles.
Another popular domestic manufacturer is the company "Master". It produces all types of concrete blocks, the price of which depends on the type of product and starts from 1150 rubles/piece.
The Alexandria expanded clay plant produces different kinds concrete products. Small concrete blocks are in great demand, which can be used in the construction of load-bearing walls, fences and columns, or used as supporting elements in basements and semi-basements, ground floors. Products are manufactured in special forms, due to which they have exact dimensions. The price of foundation blocks 200x200x400 mm starts from 55 rubles/piece.
Another reliable manufacturer is the Zlatoust plant, which produces a wide range of FBS, FBP, FVP, stairs, panels, lintels and road slabs made of concrete. The products are reasonably priced. The price of a foundation FBS block starts from 950 rubles/piece.
Features of installation of foundation FBS blocks
The process of installing blocks under the foundation does not require special knowledge or special skills. For getting good result It is important to strictly follow the sequence of actions, which are carried out in three stages.
The first stage is to calculate the number of elements required to build the foundation. To do this, the volume of the building is determined, the resulting value should be divided by the volume of one block. The second stage is to prepare the foundation. The blocks should be laid on a sand cushion 50-100 mm thick, previously leveled and compacted. The length and width of the base should be 25-30 cm larger than the dimensions of the planned building. Next, the site is divided along its axes using plumb lines and a level.
The final stage is the direct laying of FBS blocks using a lifting mechanism. Beacon blocks are pre-installed at corners, intersections and foundation lintels. A level is used to check the coincidence of the upper planes of the beacons, between which the cord should be pulled. The remaining elements of the first row are set according to it. According to the project, it is necessary to leave gaps between the blocks for the passage of utilities.
Helpful advice! Before installation, the blocks should be cleaned of possible contamination and moistened with water.
The geometry of the entire foundation will depend on the correct installation of the first row of blocks. The accuracy of laying is controlled by a level. Structural elements are corrected with a crowbar. The next row is built according to the principle brickwork. Between the rows there is a layer cement mortar, which is compacted bayonet shovel. The height of the foundation is usually 5 rows of products.
Important! Do not install blocks on a base covered with water or snow.
When constructing small structures on summer cottage You can use used foundation blocks measuring 400x600x200 mm. And the price per piece of the product will be only 300 rubles.
The use of FBS blocks in the construction of foundations and other objects can significantly speed up the process. Right choice The size of the product and compliance with the installation sequence will be the key to creating a strong, reliable and durable structure.