The English language has many dialects. Their diversity in Great Britain is much greater than in the United States, where the basis of the literary norm is the Mid-Atlantic dialect.
Dialects of British English
· Cockney - a term for a number of historical dialects of areas and craft shops of London
· Scouse is a dialect of Liverpool residents
· Geordie - a dialect of the inhabitants of Northumberland, in particular Newcastle upon Tyne
· East Anglia (East Anglia)
Birmingham (Brummy, Brummie)
· South Wales (south Wales)
· Edinburgh (Edinburgh) - also considered a dialect of the Lowland Scots language
· Belfast (Belfast)
Cornwall
Cumberland
· Central Cumberland (Central Cumberland)
· Devonshire (Devonshire)
· East Devonshire (East Devonshire)
Dorset
· Durham (Durham)
· Bolton Lancashire (Bolton in Lancashire)
North Lancashire
Radcliffe Lancashire
Northumberland
· Norfolk (Norfolk)
Tyneside Northumberland
· Lowland Scottish (flat Scotland) - also considered separate language Lowland Scots
Somerset
· Sussex (Sussex)
· Westmorland
· North Wiltshire (Wiltshire)
· Craven Yorkshire (Yorkshire)
· North Yorkshire (North Yorkshire)
· Sheffield Yorkshire (Sheffield)
· West Yorkshire (West Yorkshire)
American English dialects
· Mid-Atlantic (Mid-Atlantic - is normative)
· Californian
· New York
· Boston
· Mississippian
Pseudo-dialects
· Russian pseudo-dialect
· German pseudodialect
· French pseudo-dialect
· Italian pseudo-dialect
For dialect cockney characterized by special pronunciation, irregular speech, and rhyming slang. Some English-speaking actors use a fake Cockney-like accent, sometimes referred to as get wet(mockney).
Typical features of Cockney speech:
Skip sound [h]. For example, "not "arf" instead of "not half".
Using "ain"t" instead of "isn"t" or "am not".
Pronounce the sound [i] as [f] (for example, “faas"nd” instead of “thousand”) and [?] as (v) (for example, “bover” instead of “bother”).
Converting [a] to [?P], for example, “down” is pronounced like .
Using rhyming slang. For example, “feet” - “plates of meat”, instead of “head” - “loaf of bread”; sometimes such phrases are shortened to form a new word: “loaf” instead of “loaf of bread”.
Using a glottal stop instead of "t" between vowels or sonants (if the second of them is not stressed): bottle = "bo"l.
Using instead of [r] labiodental [?], which sounds reminiscent of [w].
Pronunciation of "dark" l as a vowel: Millwall as "myouo".
Welsh dialects English (Welsh English, sometimes also Wenglish) - do not coincide with the standard forms of English used by the population of Wales (and partly by emigrants from Wales living in other parts of the UK). The Welsh dialects owe their typical features, on the one hand, to their close connection with the dialects of Western England, and on the other, to the substratum influence of the Welsh language.
Welsh dialects do not form a clearly defined separate group within the English language (unlike, for example, Irish-English dialects). As with the Welsh language, notable differences are observed primarily between the dialects of South and North Wales.
It is necessary to distinguish English language, which is spoken by those for whom it is a second language (despite the fact that their native language is Welsh), and the Welsh dialects themselves. The latter are somewhat less affected by the influence of the Welsh language, but in many ways they are further from the standard, since those who learn the language as a second (say, at school) are characterized by a greater orientation towards the standard; as a result, in the speech of the first group, phonetic interference may be noticeable, but non-standard grammatical constructions found in those for whom Welsh dialects of English are native are almost completely absent.
Welsh dialects especially common in the south of Wales: in Glamorgan and in the valleys (counties of Rhondagh Cynon Taw, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly and others), as well as in the extreme southwest, in Pembrokeshire. The two regions are separated by Carmarthenshire, where there are relatively many Welsh speakers, while Pembrokeshire has very few: the county is sometimes called "Little England beyond Wales". Another highly anglicized region of South Wales is the Gower Peninsula.
In written speech and generally in official contexts, Welsh dialects are almost never used; the exception is the use of dialect forms in fiction, for example, Dylan Thomas.
In January 2005, the BBC conducted a survey in which the Swansea accent was voted the least euphonious. Cardiff also made it into the top ten “worst” pronunciation types.
Below are some of the most striking features of Welsh dialects compared to the English standard; not all of them are equally inherent in the dialects of different regions of Wales.
Most of all, Welsh dialects differ from the standard in the field of vocalism. The following characteristic features should be noted:
Instead of the standard [e] are used (as in "great" or "late") or ] ("eight")
Instead of unstressed [j], [?] there is often [ [" "helpless", ["tjk[t] "ticket", ["vjl[¤] "village"
The standard [?] corresponds to [a]: "cat". On the contrary, Cardiff is characterized by a transition to [??]: ["k??djf] "Cardiff"
The standard can be short [a] ("bath", "branch") and long [a] ("cart", "rather")
Occasionally, instead of an unstressed [?] there is [a]: “above”
Instead of the unstressed [?], corresponding to the spelling o, [T] is used: “collect”.
The standard [??] usually corresponds to [??], but in many words where this sound is orthographically reflected as oor, ore (and in some other cases), it is pronounced .
The standard [o] (as in both) corresponds to either [?].
Instead it is pronounced [?]: "above"
[?] does not appear after diphthongs, [j] appears before it: “fire”.
[?] can appear between consonants in Standard English: "tolerate". In Welsh dialects, deletion is not possible: only .
In many Welsh dialects, especially in the southern valleys, a tone movement is possible on the first stressed syllable; this is due to a similar phenomenon in the Welsh language.
In the area of consonants, Welsh dialects have the following features:
Using vibrant [r] instead of standard [y]
The degree of aspiration of voiceless plosives is stronger than the standard: they are post-aspirated even at the end of the word: “cap”, cf. standard or , and before other consonants. As in standard language, plosives after [s] are not aspirated.
After dull plosive sonants [l], [r] are somewhat deafened: “please”
In Welsh dialects there is no opposition between [l] (light l) and [?] (dark l), the first sound is always used: “belt”
Speakers of Welsh dialects may pronounce specific Welsh sounds (particularly in names), such as [?] in words like wallah. Llanelli Llanelli. Many people, especially in the north, can pronounce Welsh in English words of Greek origin where the rh is written at the beginning, for example rhythm (this sound is also spelled in Welsh).
In many dialects, especially in the south, [j] and [h] are dropped. at the beginning of a word (for example, the words year and here may not be different).
In the area of grammar, the English dialects of Wales are very close to the dialects of Western England, where the anglicization of Wales took place. Nevertheless, some of its features are still associated with the influence of the Welsh language:
Double negative: I didn't see no-one
Forms of reflexive pronouns like hisself instead of himself (found in Western England, but cf. Welsh, where reflexive pronouns are also formed using possessives).
Loss of many irregular forms of the passive participle: drawn instead of drawn. Sometimes the participle forms of irregular verbs coincide with the past tense: He has broken it instead of broken.
Missing form indefinite article an: an apple. In some dialects, the definite article has only the form [?], which in the standard occurs only in a small number of contexts.
Wide use of analytical construction with do: He do go to school.
Generalization of the indicator of the 3rd person singular of the present tense - s as an indicator of the singular of the present tense: I knows that (but the verb be retains the conjugation)
Using the particle a before the gerund in continuous tenses: I"m a-going now.
Using the continuous tense to mean regular action: I'm going to chapel every Sunday (cf. a similar construction in Welsh).
Relative pronoun as: the school as closed last year.
Using reduplication to enhance: It was a long-long ago.
The Welsh language has not had much influence on the Welsh dialects: in any case, they have fewer obviously substratum features than, say, in Ireland. However, there are also features that clearly go back to Welsh:
Lexical borrowings and calques: cwtsh “hug” (Welsh cwts), It "s picking to rain “It rained” (Mae"n pigo bwrw glaw, pigo “collect”).
Wide use of moving components to the beginning of a sentence for additional emphasis: Furious, she was, cf. perfectly normal in Welsh Ffroch oedd hi.
Using the is it? for all persons and numbers, cf. in Welsh "...ife?
Errors associated with “backward” translation from Welsh: learn in the meaning of “to learn”, cf. in Welsh dysgu "to learn; to teach".
Today, English accents may not be understandable to everyone. There are countless of them in the UK. The emergence of such linguistic diversity is associated with the development of society. English accents and dialects depend on the social stratification of British society.
Until recently, the place of birth of an Englishman could be determined by the way he spoke. Now as many as 80% of young people use simplified English and do not use dialectical phrases.
Peculiarities
Over time, the language began to change, and Ulster-Irish and Ulster-Scottish dialects appeared. Northern Irish speech began to differ in phonetics and spelling. In the original pure speech only 13 consonants are used. The remaining letters are found only in borrowed words.
At the same time, pronunciation also played a huge role. Some sounds change under the influence of nasal timbre and the output of speech through the nose and mouth simultaneously. Some vowels sound more open and drawn out.
From a grammatical point of view, there are questions for irregular verbs. If the British can still guess about some of the variations, then anyone who learned English and ended up in Northern Ireland may be very confused.
Scottish
The Scottish dialect appeared due to the fact that Scotland was previously an independent kingdom, and despite the fact that it is now located in Scotland, it still has its own autonomy. People here use three dialects: traditional and Scottish Gaelic.
The English-Scottish dialect has become the most common in Scotland. There are more than one and a half million native speakers of this language. Pure Scottish knows very little. This language belongs to the Celtic group, and now no more than 50 thousand people know it.
This is due to the fact that Gaelic is difficult for the English to understand. Here, nouns change by gender, there are 4 cases in the language, as well as agreement between nouns and adjectives.
The Scottish dialect is distinguished by its phonetics and intonation. In pronunciation, some sounds are swallowed or shortened. You can also find a rolling “r” here, which is not found in traditional English.
Geordie
The Geordie dialect has already gone through many dialects. Its location is North East England. Thanks to the Anglo-Saxon settlements, it was decided to use this particular dialect. This is due to the fact that a single traditional English language did not yet exist. Saxons, Jutes and Angles found in the Geordie dialect understandable speech for all nationalities.
There is also an exact indication of the origin of this accent. Tyneside Northumberland became the "base" for speakers of this dialect. Researchers believe that Geordie is the closest dialect to traditional English.
Features of the language were the replacement of sounds and the preservation of archaic forms of words. Geordie for a long time considered the language of the working class. English society considered those who spoke Geordie to be uneducated and unsociable. Over time, this opinion became radically different, and Geordie became the historical and cultural pride of its bearers.
Brummie
This accent originated in the West Midlands. It is not the only one in this territory, but sometimes becomes the name of other languages. The expression of the accent is quite uneven. It can also be considered a myth that all residents of Birmingham use Brummie.
It is worth noting that, despite all the features of this accent, they are not all used in the speech of one Brummie. An interesting fact was that, according to a survey conducted in the UK, Brummie owners turned out to be the stupidest, taking first place from the end. This was due to the classic stereotypes that plague most dialects of the English language.
Liverpool
All accents of the English language were formed under the influence of some factors. The popularity of this accent is associated with the group The Beatles, who conquered the whole world with their songs in the 60s. Like many other English accents, Liverpudlian was immediately classified as inferior. But the work of the musical group popularized their speech.
A feature of this accent is the nasal tones of the harsh pronunciation. Some call the dialect “cold.” Nevertheless, the language is not devoid of dynamism and emotional coloring.
The different accents of the English language have gone through many changes and criticisms in their time. Some are still in use today, some are dying. There are an innumerable number of dialects in Great Britain, and their diversity sometimes amazes even the English themselves.
London Standard English
HISTORICAL SKETCH
The dialects of modern English can be seen as a continuation of the regional dialects that established themselves during the Old English era. To this day, the division of dialects of a narrow region in England into 1) northern, 2) central and 3) southern has been preserved. Linguistic research English dialects dates back to the 19th century, when interest in (rural) dialects of major European languages arose in the context of Indo-European studies. The first notable figure in English dialectology was Alexander Ellis (mid-19th century), and then, somewhat later, Joseph Wright (late 19th and early 20th centuries). Ellis published a study of English dialects, and Wright published a still popular grammar of the English language, compiled at the beginning of the previous century. The Survey of English Dialects (a series of publications in 1950-1960), first under the auspices of Eugene Diet and then Harald Orton, became a major work in the field of studying rural dialects.
TYPICAL FEATURES OF ENGLISH DIALECTS
The main difference between the northern and southern dialect is the pronunciation, as exemplified by the word but. In the northern dialect there is the sound /u/ or its lower non-labialized implementation, and for the typical standard (Oxford) pronunciation in the center and in the south there is the sound /ʌ/. An additional isogloss appears in the form of an unclear sound /ɫ/ in the south, instead of a pure /l/ in the north. In the south, pronunciation is distinguished using /r/ in the final syllable, especially in southwestern dialects, in contrast to southeastern pronunciation. In the latter, “initial voicing” is observed, as for example. in words single, father, think, where /z-, v-, ð/ are heard respectively.
The rise of the London dialect
In the group of dialects of the English language, the London dialect occupies a special place. The early development of the English language in this city is marked by the migration of people from different parts of England in the early Middle Ages. The language of migrants in the city had a pronounced influence on the language that subsequently appeared there (Strang 1970: 160).
First of all, it should be remembered that during the Old English period the capital of England was Winchester, located in the south-central part of the country. Only after the Norman invasion the city at the mouth of the Thames River was elevated to the status of a capital. Having become the seat of government and the king, London acquired a special status. The nearby city of Westminster (now a suburb within the city) strengthened this position as a spiritual center. Since London needed workers in civilian professions, the city began to attract residents from the counties adjacent to London.
The earliest evidence of the English language in London is found in Latin documents, which, as a rule, contain proper names, and above all, street names. From these sources it can be concluded that early London English was close to the dialect of Essex, which lies immediately to the north-east of the city (Samuels 1972: 165). This assumption is supported by documents such as Henry III's 1258 manifesto, written in English, which shows the typical features of Late Old English: /æ:/, which is characteristic of the Essex dialect. There are also features that indicate similarities with the languages of Middlesex and Surrey (in the south).
In the late 13th and throughout the 14th centuries there seemed to be a reorientation from southern forms to those of the English midlands. The transition, as far as the evidence shows, is characterized by a mixture of surrounding dialects (Samuels 1972: 166). For example, in the London texts we find the ending — and(e) in the present participle, which is probably due to the influence of the dialects of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. However, by the time of Chaucer - the end of the 14th century - there is a predominance of the forms of the central counties. In the 15th century this predominance increased, especially after English became the official language, displacing Latin and French (after 1430). Among the central forms which entered London English there were many which were of extreme northern origin but spread southwards. For example, in Chaucer we find /j-/ at the beginning of the verb ‘give’, e.g. yaf'gave'. This form was replaced in the 15th century by /g-/, which originates from the Scandinavian pronunciation that prevailed in the north of the country. The same applies to initial /ð-/ in the third person form plural(in Chaucer hir(e), which corresponds to the late their(e)).
The relative contribution of dialects to the formation of London English is determined by the immigration of speakers of different dialects into the city. For example, there are early connections with Essex, then in the 14th century there is a noticeable movement of people into London from the relatively densely populated areas of Norfolk and Suffolk. By the end of the 14th century the dialect relationship had shifted towards the central counties of England.
Such demographic shifts can be cited as detailed evidence of changes in language during this period for which there is no obvious motivation (Samuels 1972: 169). Such changes are especially characteristic of the forms of suffixes indicating the present participle, and which have undergone changes from — ind(e) To and(e) and, finally, from yng(e) To ing(e). The internal cause of linguistic change in the adoption of a regional variant form can be observed in the case of the third person plural pronoun, when the forms of the dialects of the central counties in th-(from Scandinavian) have proven useful in distinguishing between third person singular and plural pronouns.
The predominance of the central counties form in the formation of late London Middle English dialect became so great that it was difficult to underestimate it. The Central dialect of Middle English, due to its central position in the country, was an intelligible form for a large number of speakers. Leith (1983: 38f.) sees the East Central Counties dialect as a kind of lingua franca for counties located in the triangle between London, Oxford and Cambridge. The language was also used as a means of communication between students who moved to these cities to study.
Such a function as a means of communication would seem to be least relevant to the geographically peripheral forms of counties such as East Anglia, Surrey or Kent (Wakelin 1977: 26), which explained the decline in influence of these dialects in the capital.
The language of London continued to evolve, becoming less and less associated with any particular area. For example, initial voicing, which is typical of the area immediately south and southwest of the capital, should not be found in London texts of the late Middle English period (Wakelin 1977: 27).
The development of a form of English among the London aristocracy occupies a separate place from the urban dialect called Cockney. The division between this dialect and the norm of the language increased in the following centuries and led to the codification of pronunciation norms in the 19th century, primarily in schools for children of the middle and upper classes of society and spheres public life. This pronunciation became standard, receiving the name " Oxford pronunciation", which was first used by phonetician Daniel Jones at the beginning of the century.
The development of language norms is not directly related to the literature of the late Middle Ages. For example, in Chaucer one finds many southern forms that were not developed in later forms. It certainly played a role that his reputation as a writer contributed to increasing the prestige of the London dialect (Bourcier 1981: 140).
Use of language in the Chancery Department
The formation of the norm of language in London goes back to the geographically eastern dialect of Middle English, as well as the book traditions of that time. Already at the end of the 14th century, a group of secular scribes appeared who used traditional orthography (Strang 1970:157). By the mid-15th century this form had been adopted as official application(Leith 1983:40). First of all, as a language Chancellor's Office, the official department in London which was responsible for the preparation of documents for the court, and played a significant role in the development of the written standard (1977 Fisher, 1996). Chancellor's Office was responsible for legal and parliamentary documents, as well as for those documents that were written on behalf of the king (Fisher 1977: 875f.). Chancellor's Office hired scribes from all over England, and its central place was Westminster (from the mid-14th century). In view of the different levels of education of those who worked there, there was a need to establish a language standard.
Fisher wrote (1977: 885) that it is possible to identify various sources that contributed to the development of this late Middle English norm. First, this is the literary norm used by Wycliffe, the first translator of the Bible into English, and his followers (the so-called Lollards). Secondly, it is the literary language used by London authors such as Chaucer and Gower. Thirdly, the influence of some writers Chancery Department, for example, those who used in their speech the dialects of the northern regions, from which pronominal forms with the initial th-, which cannot be found in Chaucer.
The spelling and morphology of Chancellor's English was conservative. For example, one can find orthographic representations of velar/palatal fricatives ( gh how in slaughter; right, high), which may have already disappeared from spoken language that time. The ending was used for a considerable time — th for verbs in the third person singular present tense, although these have been replaced by forms with — s, originating from the dialects of northern England. Other Chancellor's English preferences were: such instead of s(w)ich(e), not instead of nat, through instead of thurgh etc.
It is obvious that by the 15th century the language Chancery Department was not a regional dialect, but was a mixed form of English that was used as a common means of communication between dialects. Here we can see the beginnings of a development that was to become typical of the norm of Late English, that is, a form of language that was not associated with any regional dialect, and which was used by speakers of all other dialects.
Bourcier, Georges 1981. An introduction to the history of the English language. Trans. and adapted by C. Clark. Cheltenham: Thornes.
Fisher, John H. 1977. ‘Chancery and the emergence of Standard English’, Speculum, 52: 870-99.
Fisher, John H. 1996. The Emergence of Standard English. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
Leith, Dick 1997. A social history of English. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.
Samuels, Michael L. 1972. Linguistic evolution with special reference to English. Cambridge: University Press.
Strang, Barbara 1970. Ahistory of English. London: Methuen.
Wakelin, Martin 1977. English dialects. An introduction. 2nd edition. London:A
Features of English dialects
The dialects of the English language are the collection of dialects that developed in the British Isles, resulting from the expansion of the British Empire and, after World War II, the influence of the United States throughout the globe. The number of dialects and English-based creoles and pidgins is quite large.
The English language does not have a central body coordinating its development, such as, for example, the Académie française for the French language, which leads to the absence of a unified language norm.
The two most common standardized dialects of English are Southern British dialect-based "British (Royal) English" and Midwestern American dialect-based "American (General American) English." In addition to these, there are other regional varieties of English, which in turn include many sub-dialects and dialects, such as Cockney, Scouse and Geordie in the UK; Newfoundland English in Canada or African American and Southern American English in the USA.
British (Royal) English.
Queen's English is the language spoken in each of the four parts of the UK: Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. In each of the four parts of Great Britain, the English language has its own differences.
A Scot can be recognized by the main features of his speech, one of which is a very strong, booming sound [r]. Which sometimes sounds where it should not be in the speech of the inhabitants of southern England. In addition to a certain pronunciation feature [r], residents of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland use many regional words and expressions.
To convey the speech of a Scotsman in literature, words and phrases such as:
“wee” instead of “little”;
“aye” instead of “yes”;
“Idinna ken” instead of “I don’t know”;
“ye” instead of “you”.
Based on this, the speech of a Scot is not always understandable to a resident of the southern part of England.
As for the speech of the inhabitants of Ireland and Wales, they are characterized by melodic and uniform intonation. In turn, an affirmative sentence spoken by an Irishman will be perceived by an Englishman as interrogative.
To convey the speech of the Welsh in literature, words and phrases such as:
“look you” instead of “do you see”.
“boyo” instead of “man”;
And in Irish speech they use expressions such as:
“would you be after wanting for” instead of “do you want” and repeating the last phrases, for example, at all, at all;
“begorra” instead of “by god”.
Also in the UK there are a large number of regional dialects. Many large cities, as well as every county in Great Britain, have their own dialect. Some of the most recognizable and most distinct urban dialects are the London and Liverpool dialects.
Cockney (English cockney) is one of the most popular types of London vernacular, named after the dismissive and mocking nickname of Londoners from the middle and lower strata of the population.
According to legend, a true Cockney is a Londoner born within earshot of the bells of St Mary-le-Bow. A special feature of this dialect is its peculiar pronunciation, irregular speech and rhyming slang. You may also notice that some English-speaking actors, when imitating Cockney speech, use a fake accent, called "Mockney".
Typical features of Cockney speech are:
Skip sound [h]. For example, “not 'alf” instead of “not half”.
Using “ain’t” instead of “isn’t” or “am not.”
Pronouncing the sound [θ] as [f] (for example, “faas’nd” instead of “thousand”) and [ð] as (v) (for example, “bovver” instead of “bother”).
Conversion to [æː], for example, "down" is pronounced as .
Using rhyming slang. For example, “feet” - “plates of meat”, instead of “head” - “loaf of bread”; Sometimes such phrases are shortened to form a new word: “loaf” instead of “loaf of bread”.
Using a glottal stop instead of [t] between vowels or sonants (if the second of them is not stressed): bottle = “bo’l”.
Pronunciation of "dark" l as a vowel: Millwall as "myouo".
Using labiodental [ʋ] instead of [r], which sounds reminiscent of [w]. (“Really” instead of “really”).
Omitting the sound [t] at the end of a word, example: [ʃui] instead of [ʃaɪt].
Another such dialect is the Scouse dialect. Scouse has a fast, highly accented manner of speaking, with a range of rising and falling pitches atypical of many northern English dialects. But despite the fact that Scouse is an urban dialect, different parts of the city have their own characteristics. For example, in the southern part of the city the accent is softer, lyrical, and in the north it is rough and hard. Basically, discriminating data can be identified when pronouncing vowels. While the northern part of the city does not pronounce words like “book” and “cook” according to the normative pronunciation, those in the southern part of the city do. The use of the long in such words was once considered the norm throughout Great Britain, but currently this pronunciation prevails only among residents of Northern England and Scotland.
American (General American) English.
American English is the main language in the United States, but despite the fact that this version is used everywhere, there is no law that it is state language Not yet.
American English, or American English, differs significantly from British English. American English can be called simplified English. Unlike the British version, the American version is easy to understand and is also more flexible and open to change.
Let's look at the main differences between the options.
Unlike the American version, intonation patterns predominate in the British English language.
In unstressed syllables in American English, the suffix -our is often replaced by -or: color, labor, flavor, humor, parlor. The ending -re is replaced by -er: center, meter, liter, theater.
In American English there is a loss of double consonants, as, for example, in traveler, traveling.
In American English, the usual spelling is check, not check, tire, not tire; the letter combination ct is replaced by x:
connection (connection),
kerb is written as curb,
gray as gray.
This spelling of words does not seem incorrect to an American, but to a British person it is a mistake.
Also in British English words ending in –se are verbs, in –ce are nouns (license - license, licence - license). In American English, all homonymous pairs of verb and noun are written the same way in -se: pretense, practice, devise, advise.
Another noticeable difference is the use of prepositions and articles. In some cases in American English prepositions and articles are absent where they are commonly used in British English, and vice versa. For example, Americans usually say:
We work nine through five (Am) - We work nine till/to five (Br);
It’s a quarter of five (Am) - It’s (a) quarter to five (Br);
It’s twenty after five (Am) - It’s twenty past five (Br);
in school, in hotel (Am) - at school, at hotel (Br);
in weeks (Am) - for weeks (Br);
in ages (Am) - for ages (Br);
different to (Am) - different from (Br);
on the street (Am) - in the street (Br);
He’s in the hospital (Am) - He’s in hospital (Br).
But the biggest and most noticeable difference is the pronunciation. This can easily be detected in the pronunciation of [r] in the words: port, more, dinner. While this sound is not pronounced in British English, in Scotland it is the dominant sound in speech.
Also, some words in American English are pronounced with a different accent than in British English.
American English is a "general dialect of American English" or Midwestern American, as it is not only used by the majority of the country's population, but is also used on national television
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Have you ever heard that in addition to standard English, which is also called “Received Pronunciation”, abbreviated RP (standard pronunciation), as well as “Queen’s English”, which we hear on radio and television, and which you and I are trying to copy, there are at least 37 other accents and dialects of English that are still spoken by people in various parts of the British Isles?
A dialect is a variety of a language that differs from the standard language and normative pronunciation. Dialects are distinguished regionally (regionally) depending on the place of residence of a person, as well as socially (socially).
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Many people who like the English language dream of going to England. Finding themselves not in London, but in another corner of the British Isles, they will be somewhat taken aback by the non-standard pronunciation of famous words. To prevent you from finding yourself in a similar situation, we will tell you about the main English dialects.
Dialects of the British Isles
Cockney
This is one of the most famous dialects in the UK, directly associated with London, because... it is the working class dialect of London's poorest borough, the East End. Cockneys are characterized by swallowing sounds (glottal stops), as well as pronunciation like [f].
Estuary English
Estuary is the name given to the mouth of the River Thames, and the term Estuary English refers to the kind of classless, informal English that is fashionable in London, as well as in south Essex and north Kent. Speakers of this dialect also “swallow” vowel sounds (glottal stop), and replace the sound [l] with [w] in words such as ballpoint, tall. The word mouth is pronounced as 'mouf', and the word anything as 'anythink'. In addition, instead of the traditional “thank you” they will say “cheers!”, and their friend is “mate”.
Yorkshire - Yorkshire dialect
Yorkshire is big county in England, so many people speak Yorkshire dialect. As 'God's own county', Yorkshire has an easy-to-hear dialect. The most important difference between this dialect and the standard pronunciation is that words ending with the sound [i] as in the word ‘nasty’ are pronounced as ‘nasteh’. 
Northern Ireland– Northern Irish dialect
The Northern Irish accent can be called quite beautiful and also strong. The first thing you'll notice is that many letters in words are simply missing when people pronounce them. For example, the words "Northern Irish" would be pronounced "Nor'n Ir'sh"!
Scottish - Scottish dialect
The Scottish dialect, in turn, has many variations, with the dialect of one city being very different from another. The more you move inland from the sea, the stronger the accent becomes, so the people inhabiting Scotland are at first difficult to understand, and the Scots themselves have difficulty understanding the people of Glasgow!
Brummie – Birmingham dialect 
Those originally from Birmingham speak a language called Brummie (like Ozzy Osbourne). A person can live in another part of Britain for many years, but will not lose his accent, which shows how strong he is.
Geordie - Geordie
People from Newcastle speak a Geordie dialect - a name that sounds similar to the nickname of one of the Hanoverian kings. One of the differences between Geordie and standard pronunciation is that the [r] consonant at the end of words is pronounced , so 'sugar' would sound 'sug-ah' and 'Space Centre' would become 'Space Cent-ah' '! 
Scouse - Liverpool dialect
If you're from Liverpool, like John, Ringo and George, then you speak Scouse. The Liverpool accent is one of the most famous regional accents thanks to the Beatles, and is characterized by a nasal tone, so it would be quite difficult to replicate it right away.
We've told you about the dialects you might encounter in the British Isles. In addition, each English-speaking country has its own characteristics in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, and even some grammatical structures.