Device for drilling inclined holes. Drilling holes for confirmations

A jig for drilling holes is a device used in mechanical engineering to simplify the process of processing a part. In essence, it is a template that serves to guide or position the workpiece. Can be used on various equipment, such as a diamond drilling machine.

In mechanical engineering, jigs are fairly precise devices (up to 0.05 mm (depending on the requirements for the part being manufactured)). They come in two main types: overhead (in the form of slabs) and box-shaped, which are three-dimensional structures. There are also jigs for drilling mixed type. These devices are used to reduce labor intensity: from technological process When processing the part, the marking operation is eliminated, in addition, it becomes possible to drill several holes at the same time.

The drilling jig is used only in serial and mass production. This is explained by the fact that for a small batch of parts it is not practical to manufacture a separate device, which, moreover, will have to be installed and configured separately.

A drilling jig is usually used to process several holes lying in the same plane. It is best if the parts are unified by standard size, this will allow the device to be used for a wide range of products.

The drilling jig is also used in light industry and construction. Such devices are only of the overhead type and are made of lighter materials, such as wood or plexiglass. These products are not designed for great accuracy; the positioning error is only ±0.5 mm. But this is more than enough to make holes for fittings in furniture or drill a series of holes in the wall of the house. The equipment used is a regular drill or drilling machine desktop type.

You can make your own conductor for household needs. It will be needed during repairs, when you need to make a lot of the same type of holes and there is no desire to waste time on preliminary marking. To make it, you can use any available materials: on a sheet of metal or wooden board mark and drill all the necessary holes that will serve as guides. If necessary, an additional plumb line is made so that shavings or concrete chips do not fall on the floor. You can make a dust-free jig when the template is covered with a specially fitted half of a plastic bottle.

The main advantages of these devices are the high accuracy of hole positioning without preliminary marking, high performance labor and reducing perpendicularity deviation (due to guide bushings). However, using a jig for drilling is not always economically justified, especially with small batches of parts in production.

When working with hand drill, sometimes it is difficult to maintain the specified direction of the hole. Conductors are also used if it is necessary to make a series of similar holes according to a template. For example, during carpentry work. In this case, the master does not waste time marking the tree, and is guaranteed to get the same result.

The jig is indispensable when drilling holes in pipes. But the main application is the passage of holes at a given angle.

Let's consider various options this useful device:

Jig for perpendicular drilling of holes

A simple furniture jig for drilling holes when assembling metal furniture. Details in the video material

Purpose - to obtain passes in thick workpieces, strictly at an angle of 90°. It is a set of bushings in a single body, or a bracket with replaceable working attachments.

By installing the device above the drilling point, you can start working without pre-punching. The drill accurately hits the center of the sleeve and does not deviate from the axis.

Important! The only problem is that the tool must be held on the workpiece, especially at the beginning of work. Otherwise, vibration may cause it to shift.

You can make such a drilling jig with your own hands. Thick textolite or solid wood is used. Perfect option– use of bushings from the extruder for drawing wire. Worn bushings can be found at the factory.


The extruder nozzles are made of alloy steel, with the addition of pobedit. The service life is practically inexhaustible.

Conductor for cylindrical blanks or pipes

Making a hole in a sloping surface is almost impossible. It is especially difficult to start the process - the tip of the drill jumps off given point. The device will fix the direction and allow you to perform the work with high accuracy.


By adjusting the length of the fixing bolts, you can drill a hole tangentially to the center. If you don’t have such a tool at hand, you can make it from scrap materials. For example, from a block of hard wood and a strip of plywood.


To prevent the guides from being broken so quickly by the sharp edges of the drill, they can be reinforced with sleeves made of tubes of different diameters.

In the process of assembling or repairing furniture, it is often necessary to carry out work on precise drilling of holes for confirmation, for dowels, dowels and other furniture fasteners. In the case of wood and chipboard, it is difficult to make such holes using an electric drill alone: ​​the entrance part of the hole is broken, and the hole itself may not be at a right angle to the mating surfaces. Thus, you will need a jig to drill the holes.

Purpose and classification of furniture conductors

The purpose of the jig for drilling holes is to accurately guide the drill to the required point and ensure the straightness of the tool throughout the entire depth of the resulting hole. In metalworking, such devices have been known for a long time, and are often supplied with the machine. Due to the increased number closed connections in modern furniture products, the need for such conductors for woodworking specialists is very urgent.

There are the following types of furniture conductors:

1. Overheads that do not require fixation before use. They are simple, mobile, but force you to use only one hand when drilling (if the drill or grinder is not installed in a special frame). Making such a conductor with your own hands is easy and simple. They are used mainly when making holes in MDF or chipboards.
2. Rotary, which are supplied folding brackets, and allow you to drill on two adjacent planes in one go.
3. Jigs for drilling holes at an angle. A highly specialized version of the jig, which is designed to make holes at various angles. Often combined with the overhead version of the equipment in question.
4. Sliding ones, with the help of which you can make several holes (including in several rows) without changing settings. More necessary for professionals who have to frequently perform similar works. Requires skills for proper use.

If the jig is sufficiently rigid, it can also be used for drilling holes in products that do not have a flat plane, for example, in pipes. Then the conductor is secured using a clamp (this option is not suitable for furniture, due to the risk of surface deformation).

DIY jig for drilling holes

Fundamentally, such equipment consists of the following parts:

1. An angular body element applied to the surfaces of products, which will subsequently be connected to each other with dowels, dowels or confirmations.
2. Guide bushings where the drill fits.
3. Clamping/fixing devices that are located at the end parts of the conductor.

For a conductor that is supposed to be made by hand, it is important to design a device for the most common requirements. home handyman mounting options. If you need a universal conductor (for furniture makers), then it’s better to splurge on industrial version equipment, which is characterized by increased accuracy of fixation of parts, and has a higher quality performance. Moreover, manufacturers often offer templates, stops, and other kits for the jig. useful little things. Furniture conductor price industrial production ranges from 500 to 1200 rubles, which is determined by its functionality - the length and number of guide holes.

Let's start designing a furniture jig for drilling holes by choosing a corner. There are more possibilities for a product where the corner will be unequal, and with the maximum possible thickness of the shelf. According to the assortment GOST 8510 “Unequal-flanged steel angles,” the minimum permissible dimensions of an angle L63 × 40 × 8: with a shelf thickness of 8 mm, a guide bushing with an outer diameter of up to 6 mm can be placed there. The internal hole for the drill, therefore, can be no more than 3.5...4 mm, but this is quite enough for most options for the resulting holes. As a last resort, they can be drilled out without using the device, especially if the hole is deep enough.

Next stage– design of the guide bushing. It can be selected from any stainless steel pipe GOST 9941 (seamless) or GOST 9940 (all-welded). It is recommended to first select the pipe according to the diameter of the internal hole. A 6×1 pipe will allow you to get an internal hole for a drill with a diameter of up to 3.6...3.7 mm, and a 6×1.5 pipe will allow you to get a drill up to 2.7 mm (a two-sided gap is taken into account thermal expansion material). The length of the sleeve must be no less than twice the height of the hole made in the corner. Each bushing must fit into the hole with an interference fit or transitional fit. The most appropriate is landing using the shaft system, when the already known outside diameter bushings, and a hole is drilled for it in the corner. It is better to use a slight interference fit, for example h9/P10.

It happens that the jig needs to be designed for drilling a deep hole. In such cases, the bushing must be stepped (with a shoulder). Bushings for machine tools in accordance with GOST 12214 have the necessary accuracy and dimensions, the internal hole in which has a constant diameter over the entire height of the bushing.

The number of holes, and especially the distance between them, is selected according to the specific needs of the user.

When choosing a conductor mounting method, choose one of the following options:

• A spring stop that will press the surface of the jig to the part due to the elastic forces of the material. Any flat spring with the required clamping force will be suitable as such a stop;
• Fixation using self-tapping screws, which are screwed into the material of the part and keep the jig from being displaced by friction forces. This option is convenient in that the resulting outlines can then be used as additional elements centering the future hole. In the case of chipboard, this option should be used with caution;
• External clamps, under which you should place corrugated rubber gaskets. In this case, the weight of the conductor will increase, and the compliance of the rubber may disrupt the perpendicularity of the axis of the conductor bushings. Therefore, using this method of fastening, first insert a drill into the sleeve, mark a hole, and only after that use clamps.

Jig for drilling for dowels and confirmations

The sequence and design of the simplest devices for accurately producing holes is discussed using the following two examples:

1. Multi-position jig with clamp fastening (see Fig. 1). The initial body part here is a thick-walled aluminum corner. Due to the considerable length of the device, an intermediate fastening is provided in the middle. When turning the jig at an angle of 90º, the increased wall thickness of the angle, which is superimposed on the surface of the part, is successfully used. The distance between the guide bushings is selected according to the most common distances for dowels or for confirmation.

Figure 1 — Multi-position jig for drilling holes with clamp fastening

1. A two-slider furniture jig, with which you can make holes in two mutually mating parts. The design of the device is clear from the attached drawing (see Fig. 2). It consists of two guide rulers, which are connected by fasteners to a connecting strip. The presence of several holes on it allows you to install the bar on parts of different widths. Replaceable housings with a set of guide bushings with different distances between them move along the rulers. The conductor is fixed using a connecting strip, and on the opposite side - with a travel limiter, which is tightened with a wing screw.

Figure 2 – Multi-slider furniture jig: 1 – Guide ruler; 2 – Adjusting screw; 3 – Housing; 4 – Stop bar; 5- Travel limiter.

Furniture conductor– simple mechanical device, which serves to speed up and simplify actions when drilling holes. Using this device allows you to create technological holes without pre-applied markings and do it with perfect accuracy, as well as a adjusted slope. The device is indispensable during the assembly of furniture structures and carpentry work. For use in everyday life and in small-scale production, it is very easy to make a furniture jig with your own hands.

In essence, a furniture jig is an ordinary template with holes required diameter. The working part of the device is rectangular block made of solid material with holes located according to the required markings. For convenience, it can be equipped with adjusting and locking mechanisms. Based on the simplicity of the design, you can quickly make stencils for furniture with your own hands using available materials.

The conductor provides the right direction drills at an angle of 90 degrees to the surface, eliminating the possibility of deviation. This is especially important when working with narrow parts of furniture, such as the ends of walls or doors. Without this device it is quite difficult to maintain the required angle, which can lead to defects, because even a slight deviation in the direction of the mounting hole can make assembly impossible individual elements into a single structure.

For a perfect fit of furniture elements to each other also great importance has precision location of holes for fasteners. Those who make furniture with their own hands are often faced with the need to create a number of identical holes at a certain distance from each other. To make the work easier, make it faster, it’s easier not to mark up every time, but to use a template.

With the help of a conductor you can work with different furniture materials: wood, chipboard, MDF.

Selecting a model for production

Conductors of industrial production can be highly specialized and universal. Templates of the first type are used to perform certain operations on typical parts. Universal devices suitable for working with different materials and objects of various configurations.

By design features And functionality conductors are divided into the following types:

• overhead - when used, they are applied to the surface in the desired area, fixed with clamps or held by hand. Used for drilling holes in flat parts;
• rotary - the working part moves in both vertical and horizontal planes. Used when working with complex elements geometric shape and to create holes, the axis of which should be located at an angle;
• tipping - used to create holes in perpendicular planes.

A marking jig is used to mark the locations for drilling holes. It is much thinner and lighter.

The conductor device can be specially created for a certain type of fastener: dowels, confirmations, screws, corners. There are devices to simplify the process of installing fittings.

According to the type of fixation, furniture jigs can be sliding or fixed. The former move freely along the surface if necessary, the latter are rigidly fixed in in the right place. The presence of an adjustment mechanism will help to combine the device with different types of workpieces.

For large manufacturers furniture availability of variety additional accessories plays a decisive role, as they significantly reduce time costs. IN in this case doesn't have special significance cost of tools. A completely different approach to purchasing the necessary equipment from those who have a small furniture manufacturing plant or from independent masters, manufacturing certain types furniture. In this case, making furniture templates with your own hands turns out to be much cheaper and more practical. Choice the necessary options, the complexity of the device is determined not only by production needs, but also by the skill and experience of furniture manufacturers.

Overhead

Turning

Universal

Materials and tools

To manufacture a device, you must first decide on the tasks that it will perform. Accordingly, they are selected required material, from which a furniture template will be made with your own hands. The most durable, reliable and “long-lasting” is considered to be a metal conductor. To create a furniture jig for drilling with your own hands, it is permissible to use wood, plywood, textolite, and plexiglass. This is due to lower labor costs and cheaper materials. All this is important, especially if you are going to make several different templates yourself.

To make a conductor, a piece of reinforcement, a block or a plate is suitable - something that can probably be found in any garage or home workshop. To make a simple marking device, you can take a regular school ruler - wooden, plastic or metal.

Of decisive importance in the manufacture of the jig is the accurate calculation of the location of the holes on the workpiece. You can take a ready-made diagram or make it yourself. The latter option is preferable, since the dimensions in the drawings must correspond to the tasks being solved.

Tools you will need:

• drill;
• grinder or jigsaw;
• a set of locksmith tools;
• clamps;
• vice.

When making a conductor you will need ideal precision drilling guide holes and hardening of the finished device

Drawing of a homemade conductor for drilling holes for confirmations

Manufacturing stages

Consider the process of creating metal conductor device for confirmations. This fastener is most often used when assembling furniture:

• from metal bar square section (10x10 mm), a piece of the required length is cut using a grinder. The ends of the resulting segment are leveled and cleared of burrs using a file. Corners and edges can be rounded for ease and safety of use;
• The hole locations are marked on the workpiece. Their centers should be located at a distance of 8 mm from the side edge (thickness chipboard sheet– 16 mm). There should be 32 mm from the end and between the holes, in accordance with the generally accepted system of furniture fastenings. For marking, you can use a carpenter's angle or caliper. It is better to make marks on the part using a sharp metal object- an awl or a large needle. You can use a core and a hammer to make holes for the initial installation of the drill. When drilling holes, it is important to prevent the drill from moving and make them strictly perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece;
• use a drill with a diameter of 5 mm to make holes;
• to create a stop, you need to cut a piece of the required length from a metal plate (1x25 mm);
• finish the edges with sandpaper;
• bend the workpiece at a right angle, holding it in a vice. Fold the parts, aligning them coaxially;
• fasten the parts in this position using a clamp;
• From the side of the plate along the length of the device and at the end, drill holes corresponding to the size of the screw. Cut threads and fasten parts;
• Cut off the excess thrust plate and process the edges.

Video

If you have ever made furniture with your own hands, you know that most parts are connected end-to-end using dowels. In order to accurately and correctly make holes for dowels, you just need to take a jig for drilling holes.

At large furniture factories, for drilling such holes, they use special machines. Some craftsmen at home or in small enterprises first drill holes in the end of one part, then insert special taps into them in the form of a cone.

After this, they attach the second part, mark the places on it, the places for the holes, after which they are drilled. Although using this method it is possible to make holes, you are unlikely to be able to accurately replicate the drawing and achieve alignment, and this method is also very slow and labor-intensive.

If you have a drawing of furniture, you want to repeat it with maximum accuracy and ensure high-quality fastening all furniture parts, and purchase expensive equipment If you can’t, the solution is to use a drilling device.

The conductor is a device that looks like a strip with holes and sleeves. To make holes, the jig is attached to the part using clamps, after which a drill is inserted into the sleeve and a hole is made. For one and the other part that is connected to each other, the same jig is used, then everything turns out correctly and coaxially.

The main advantages of this device:

• drilling accuracy
• they turn out perpendicular, since a sleeve is used
• simplicity and speed of work.

The jig can be used not only in the furniture industry, it can also be used in mechanical engineering, it can be volumetric or overhead. They can also be used for drilling holes of mixed types; all of them allow you to accurately repeat the drawing and comply with all the dimensions indicated on it.

The jig can also be used in light industry or construction; in this case, overhead models made of wood are used, sheet metal or plexiglass.

It is very difficult to drill a pipe or workpiece cylindrical, as the drill constantly slips. If you use this device, the process is greatly simplified and accelerated and the work is not difficult to complete.

It is especially important to use this device if you need to drill a hole in a cylindrical workpiece with a small diameter.

This device also allows you to make perpendicular holes, which would be very difficult to make without its use.

Varieties

Exist different types Such devices can be used both for drilling and milling, as well as for turning, trimming, and assembling parts. There are overhead, rotating, tilting and sliding models.

The overhead jig is applied to the workpiece; they can lie freely or be fastened with clamps; holes are usually drilled in this way.

The rotary device is used to work with cylindrical workpieces. They can have a vertical, horizontal and rotary axis. For small-scale production, it is necessary to use universal devices that are easy to reconfigure. A tiltable jig is used if it is necessary to drill in different planes.

Sliding jigs are not attached to the machine, but are set separately for each diameter. They are less productive and are usually used if the work is performed on a single-spindle machine and it is necessary to make several different diameters on the part; for this purpose, the guide bushings are made on folding bars.

How to do it yourself?

You can make such a device yourself; to do this, you need to find the drawing you need and do everything according to it. To work you will need:

• drill;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• locksmith tools.

To make the simplest device, you need to take square reinforcement measuring 10x10mm. After this, cut a piece to the required length and clean it with sandpaper. Now you need to mark the template holes.

The center cannot be closer to the edge than 8mm, this is equal to half the thickness of the chipboard sheet. Existing standards require 32mm between centers.

After the centers are marked, holes with a diameter of 5 mm are made in them. To make the stop, a metal plate 2.5 mm wide is used, its thickness should be 1 mm. It is bent at an angle of 90 degrees and, together with a piece of prepared reinforcement, after securing them in a clamp, a place is made for the thread.

Now all that remains is to cut the threads and connect the two parts into one structure. With its help, you can get the job done without worrying about going beyond the edge of the sheet.

Making such a device is not difficult, but it makes the work of furniture assemblers or those people who create it much easier. If you do not want to create this device yourself, you can purchase it ready-made.

If you need a conductor to carry out work on making furniture at home, then the simplest one will do and its cost will be insignificant. Professional equipment will have a fairly high cost.

In any case, whether you buy a jig or make one yourself, this device will help you connect furniture parts or repair it easier and faster.

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