Rare words with a double consonant. Double consonants in the root of a word

Today we are all who have gone through modern secondary school, we habitually read spelling “edifications”, such as:

However, at the same time, those who know do not forget how they used to write without spaces at all. Imagine, today we write prefixes together with the root, and prepositions separately. And earlier, when prefixes and prepositions (and everything!) were written together, in continuous text, HOW to distinguish in continuous text, for example, the prefix “ at» ( pier) from the preposition " at» ( at the camp…)?..

It is clear that they were guided by meanings and meanings. But what and how did they think about this when there were no spellings with spaces, when there were no such spelling rules like today, when we focused more on meaning?

It is clear that no one (even those who are not at ease with literacy) deliberately wrote two identical consonants, that they actually appeared at the border of parts of words. This means you need to see these boundaries and understand.

It is also clear that the modern Russian language develops through formal rules and new word creation the previous established logic and individual traditions.

But why was it necessary to lose meanings, without which the whole is destroyed!?

Double consonants are obtained if different parts words (for example, in a prefix and a root) there are two identical consonants next to each other: underD + Hold, OT + Drag, Ras + Build etc.

(In fact, the prefix here is “Raz”, not “ras”, but more on that later.)

It’s a pity that now even prefixes and roots turn into almost “signs”, without meaning, with some kind of conventional meaning. But in Antiquity it was different: what we now read as “ support", the ancient intelligent ancestors read meaningfully as “Under Hold” (i.e. “to hold the basis, foundation, essence, foundation”), where “Under” is a name, and not some kind of service unit of language, some "prefix".

And further. There is something to think about here as to why this is done.

When we combine two bricks to make one large brick, then in life we ​​remember that the brick is “double.” Even when we attach another brick to this double brick.

But such common sense does not apply to strange world modern linguistics, where the logical chains are very short, and even then only formal. In addition, some kind of “sclerosis” interferes: therefore, where there were just two bricks, suddenly only one is seen. We're not kidding. Here's an example:

And they get a new education, not related to the previous one: “ calculate+calculate", and not as it actually appears: " race+s+read", while maintaining consistency and continuity in origin.

This is not “academic nonsense” at all, but a methodical formation in the minds of those mastering the Russian language of incoherent logical chains, suspended as if in emptiness, i.e. actually torn off from the living, unshakable foundation of the Living Russian Language and Living Russian Speech. Why oppose one to the other when they are clearly connected in continuity and meaning?

C + Even = Count, Ras + Even = Ra With even

Without + With + Even = Be zs honest

(And in this place, only by the artificial assumption of the language reformers of 1917, the prefix “non-existent in the Russian language” is written demon", resulting in the modern " countless", to the laughter of all sane people who discern stupid subtext and know how to read what is written, and not what is made up: " demon countable"!).

The same situation applies to other similar words:

Ras + C + Triple = Ra ss triple(although in fact here it is necessary “ Ra zs triple" based on the real prefix "Raz").

Without+With+Fatal(from Rock) = Be ss fatal(according to pre-reform: “ Be zs fatal»)…

Introduction of “false prefixes” Ras-" And " Demon-", along with real prefixes " Once-" And " Without-”, in fact, does not result in the “ordering and development of language”, as the reformers wanted, but in the destruction of ancient living meanings in Language and Speech, where every sound, every letter has meaning!

It’s the same here, as a result of the “simplification” reform, i.e. compounds of “normal” words formed by prefixes (such as “Woz+Zha” = Vo zzh A), with those that can be classified as “onomatopoeic” (such as Zhu LJ at).

Although “prefix, prepositions, suffixes” are all quite conventional things for the Living Language (in Antiquity they meant living words, independent ones, and not some kind of “additional parts”), this is not what we are talking about.

The meaning of a word, according to an artificial rule, is nevertheless destroyed and removed. What remains is an incomprehensible but “progressive” neoplasm: “ rein", the spelling of which must now be remembered according to the new rule.

In case of " yeast“It’s also not very clear why one option was chosen, although there are other, more meaningful options (see Dahl’s dictionary): Dro railway and, Dro zzh And. In our opinion, an unspoiled option: Drozzhi, as a more typical case, because we know a lot of such words in the Russian language, where exactly this combination occurs: in zzh And, in and zzh here, there zzh damn, rubbish zzh ah...

“Juniper” also has the same more meaningful version: mo zzh ear.

It seems that the same situation is with “ LJ tion": this word comes from the original versions, which most likely had " ZZH" But let's not guess.

And, as a conclusion, it is no coincidence that this sound combination ZZh (“ZaZh”), which refers, if it’s a pun, to everything that “ Z A AND izn"! And this is in almost all words that do not have simple onomatopoeia.

And one gets the impression that the selection from the commonly used options was made according to the principle of “as bad and incomprehensible as possible.”

This is what can be said today about the rule, which, according to modern spelling proposes to write formally, without thinking LJ.

Ss ora- this noun actually comes from the form “ argument» ( rubbish): you remember well the phraseological unit “ don't wash dirty linen out of the house" Apparently, a situation has been recorded where conflict begins small, “with rubbish.”

They now simply want to include a kind of “neologism” here: Russian, formed through Western (in particular, Polish borrowings of the 17th-18th centuries) forms of word formation relatively recently, at a time when the previous names were removed at the turn of the 18th century " Tartaria», « RU sya " And " RU ss and I» (« Rus+Siya" - from Rus with other similar relatives, like: “ Po+Rus+Siya", modern Pru ss and I). When written in continuous text, without spaces, the title was unambiguous “ Rus", but with a kind of adjective form " Siya” (“shining, radiant” - because in Antiquity, as is known from the remaining ancient handwritten books, scribes very often wrote well-known and frequently repeated concepts in abbreviated form!).

Foreign words, since they were introduced into the Russian language, memorize them as is customary now (including for passing tests and exams): A ll her, and pp Arat, Komi ss yeah, those nn is, ho bb and, to mm ersant, uh ff ect, those pp history, oh kk upation, co tt edj, zha nn A…

We won't touch them. They themselves will die out and go out of use as the Native Speech revives.

But we must remember that among them there are also ones that seem to be ours, but have been preserved in other countries, i.e. ancient words common to many peoples, such as: Drama(“Before Ram”), etc. Naturally, they cannot contain double consonants.

Double consonants at the root are most often found in borrowed words, their presence is determined by a spelling dictionary:

Abbatstvo, abbreviatura, abyss Indians, aggression, acclimatize, acc modation, acc companiment, acc ord, acc ordeon, acc reditive, acc umulator, acc uratny, all ah, all egoria, all egro, allergy, all ee, all igator, all iluya, all opat, all yur, amm iak, amm onal, amm onii, ann aly, annexia, ann ibalova (oath), annation, annulate, apparat, appeal, appendicit, application, artillery, assemblage, assessor, assenizer, assignation, assimilate, assent, ass onance, ass orti, association, atoll, att ashe, att estat, att raktion, affect.

Baccara, ball, ball of hell, ball of ast, ball of istika, ball of he, ball of omit, baroque, barrage, barr icada, bassine, bell adonna, bell etristics, bill ion, biss ectris, gross o, buddism , buff onada, bullet eten.

In ann a, vass al.

Gallicism, galls, gall ucination, gamma a, hippopotamus, gram, gram atika, influenza, gross, grand master, group a.

Dilemma, distill, differentiation, differential, diffusion, train.

And dillia, illusia, illuminator, illustration, indifferent, intellect, intellectual, intermezzo, hippodrome, irrigation.

Calligraphy, cassation, cassette, cassette, cassette, terminal, collaborator, collegy, collective, collector, collection, colloid, collocium, column a, column of hell, colossus, commerce , commercial voyager, communicative, commutator, comuniqué, compressor, congress, concession, coral, correction, correct, correlate, bullfight, corrosion, corruption, coefficient, crystal.

Massage, mass, missia, massage, mousse.

Narcissus, neto, nippel, novella, nullify.

About kk upation, opposition, opponate, opp ortunism, ott omanka.

Parall elepiped, pass as much, pass iv, perr on, pessimism, press.

R ess ora, roll.

Satellite, setter, syllabic, syllogism, symmetry, ss ora, ss uda, streptococcus, stell azh, sum a, surrogate.

T enn is, terr asa, terr icon, terror, territory, troll eybus, tripper.

Chlorophyll.

Cellulose.

E cess, ell ips, essence.

With one consonant the words are written:

Acoustics, alogism, aluminum, ammunition, apatite, apathy, a priori, balustrade, barcarolle, blooming, veto, variety show, gallery, haberdashery, hypertension, humanism, landing, decibel, imitation, impresario, cavalry, calorie, caricature, clinic, Colosseum, corridor, midget, marroquin, freemason, mulatto, level, panorama, pilgrim, polites, privilege, producer, race (racial, racist, racist), rococo, wolverine, russism, tome, elite.

It is not recommended to determine the double consonant in a borrowed word by comparing it with a word in the original language, since during the assimilation of foreign language vocabulary, the second consonant in the Russian language may be lost:

Ag regatta (lat. agg regatus), address (fr. adress e), app artement (fr. app artement), approbation (lat. app robatio), at aka (lat. att aque), at ribut (lat. att ributum), scam (French aff aire), af isha (French aff iche), business (English business) - therefore a businessman, but: congress man, cross man; buffer (English buff er), vernis azh (French vemiss age), vignette (French vignett e), volleyball (English voll eyball), galette (French galett e), des ert (French. dess ert), cannade (French cann onade), off izier (German Off izier), pudd ing (English pudd ing), resources (French ress ourees), trott oir (French trott oir).

November 3, 2016

The doubled consonant at the root of a word is found in foreign borrowings and words of original Russian origin. Rules and examples are presented in the article.

Double "w"

The doubled consonant at the root of a word is written in words such as burning, yeast, buzz, juniper. But such cases should not be confused with a combination of the sounds “zh” and “z”. Example:

1. Every evening a huge German Shepherd and was accepted unnaturally and mournfully scream.
2. Come it became increasingly difficult to get to him, because the driver of the only bus in this city ignored the schedule posted at the stop.
3. In the courtyard of his house it is dark, only a light that barely glimmers from the outbuilding window, illuminates the road.
4. The teacher came into the classroom and first of all hung a diagram over the board cerebellum.

Double "s"

Double consonants "ss" are written in words such as cash desk, assorted, passenger, cassette, class, compromise. The spelling of these lexical units must be remembered. This doubled consonant at the root of the word is written in foreign borrowings. Except for token argument and words that are of the same root with it. Examples:

1. In old age, her character deteriorated to such an extent that she managed quarrel with all relatives.
2. Quarreled That day, the neighbors no longer wasted energy on scandals, but for almost three years they remained completely silent, as if a cold war had been declared between them.

The double "s" is also written in words such as poetess, flight attendant.

Video on the topic

Compound words

Double consonants are written in words formed from two parts. But only if the first ends with the same consonant with which the second begins. Examples: maternity hospital, head physician

If in a compound word the first part is formed from a lexical unit in which there is a double consonant, only one is written. Examples:

1. More than a hundred items were stored in a dilapidated barn behind the house. gramophone records, produced about a hundred years ago, a couple of rickety chairs and other unnecessary junk.
2. Three people entered the office, one of whom introduced himself grouporg. The positions of the others sounded just as mysterious.
3. The writer was in the past cavalryman, and because of how honestly he portrayed the class struggle he witnessed, he was shot in 1938, calling him a traitor to his homeland.

Names

With double consonants they are written full forms some names. Diminutive forms - with one consonant. Examples:

1. Youngest daughter - Alka- was a restless and overly curious child.
2. Kirilka He grew up quickly and increasingly asked his parents uncomfortable questions.
3. Anka She was a simple woman, kind as a peasant.

The examples above contain names with double consonants: Alla, Kirill, Anna. The spelling of the full and diminutive forms is different.

Adjectives

In words that are formed from nouns, the doubled consonant at the root of the word is retained and written immediately before the suffix. Examples:

1. Parents are used to five-point system and for a long time they could not figure out whether to praise or punish their son because in his diary, next to the teacher’s signature, there were the numbers “6”, “7” and “8”.
2. All these tribes united into the so-called th Hun union.
3. He did not like to discuss and, whenever possible, tried to accept compromise solution.

The same can be said about the diminutive form of a noun. Examples:

1. The cemetery, where figures of Soviet and Russian culture are buried, has been abandoned by foreigners. All that's left is group sedate but inquisitive Japanese.
2. He didn’t like the performance, and therefore during the first act he looked tiredly at program and thought about his own.
3. Telegram- and this is precisely what one can call a message of such frivolous content - was brought in the evening by a tired and, as always, irritated postman.

At the junction of root and prefix

Nouns in which the prefix ends with the same letter as the root begins are also written with double consonants. Examples:

1. on his appeals No one had been paying attention for a long time, and therefore he had to leave the podium.
2. Forge He learned his father's signature in the third grade.
3. Pedagogical views this teacher had nothing in common with the theories of Makarenko and Soroka-Rosinsky.

Borrowing

The spellings of words of foreign origin with double consonants should be memorized. Examples:

1. Vikenty Timofeevich held the position collegiate assessor.
2. Oxygen cylinders banned for use both at home and in offices.
3. On platform he met her husband and suddenly became afraid that the trip, which had been planned for so long, would fail.
4. Boardwalk terrace was covered thin layer early clean snow.
5. Idyll, which reigned in their house for almost five years, as it turned out, was imaginary.

One consonant

There are words in the Russian language in which double consonants are often mistakenly written. Perhaps the point is that these lexical units, as a rule, are of foreign language origin. For example: balustrade, dealer, vernissage, amateur.

Goals:

• Reinforce the spelling and pronunciation of words with double consonants,
• Replenish lexicon children
• Develop spelling vigilance, oral coherent speech, thinking operations: analysis, comparison, classification.
• Develop communicative skills personality traits, ability to work in a group, conduct constructive educational dialogue.

Equipment:

• textbook L.V. Kibireva “Russian language” 2nd grade, 2 hours – M.: LLC “ Russian word”;
• laptop, projector

During the classes

1. Psychological mood of students.

The bell rang loudly
The lesson begins.
We listen, we remember,
We don't waste a minute.

2. Updating students' knowledge.

2.1 - Write down today's date.

(Put emphasis on the words, name the spellings you encounter.)

2. 2 Minutes of penmanship.

To find out what letter we will write during the penmanship minute, guess the riddle:

A warm wave splashes
On the banks of cast iron.
Guess, remember:
What kind of sea is in the room? (bath)

Which sound in the answer takes a long time to pronounce? ( n)

What letters represent this sound in writing? (nn)

These are the letters we will be practicing today.

Where do we start writing the letter n? (top to bottom) (Slide 2)

3. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Who guessed what we will be working on today?

Yes, we will work with words with double consonants.

1. Selective work (Slide 3)

Write down words with double consonants, highlight the spelling.

Ask without raising your tone:
Which is greater: a hundredweight or ton?

Salt and grains needed
To cook porridge for groups.

Who gets the low point,
He won't come to the school ball.

If there is a lot of litter in the house,
The house might catch fire argument.

It’s more pleasant to find a mushroom under the tree,
How to get a sore throat or flu.

Checking written words.

2. Work according to the drawing. Notebook for the textbook “Russian language” p.8 exercise 9

(Look at the picture, find objects on it whose names have double consonants. Write them down, separating them with a dash) (Slide 4)

Remember how words with double consonants are translated?

3. Check.

Answer: cash-sa, passenger, count-li, ten-nis, antenna-na, trolleybus, per-ron, all-ley, shos-se.

(Slide 5)

4. Physical education minute (EYE GYMNASTICS) (Slide 6-11)

5. Work according to the textbook(p. 14 exercise 21)

Children read the task. One student does it at the board, the rest do it in their notebooks.

6. Game “Which words have double consonants missing?”(Slide 12- 13)

(Work according to options: the first option - writes words with double consonants - ss, bb, rr; the second option - with double consonants - pp, ll, nn, mm, zhzh)

1 option	Option 2
Russia	group
story	million
highway	ton
Russian	cavalry
pool	grammar
Saturday	rein
platform	yeast
terrace	buzzes
territory

7. Linguistic task.

Identify words with double consonants by ear.

Ella, Nona, bath, class,
Quarrel, tennis and story,
Passenger, highway, program,
Group, cash register, telegram.
We hear these words
And we write with a double consonant.

Do you know names that also have double consonants? Name them. (Alla, Anna, Violetta, Rimma, Zhanna, Kirill)

8. Lesson summary

Guys, which of you liked the lesson?

What interesting things did you learn during the lesson? What words did you come across? (Slide 14)

9. Homework

t. S. 10 exercise 11 (Maybe someone will also compose couplets)

Today, all of us who have gone through a modern comprehensive school habitually read spelling “edifications”, such as:

However, at the same time, those who know do not forget how they used to write without spaces at all. Imagine, today we write prefixes together with the root, and prepositions separately. And earlier, when prefixes and prepositions (and everything!) were written together, in continuous text, HOW to distinguish in continuous text, for example, the prefix “ at» ( pier) from the preposition " at» ( at the camp…)?..

It is clear that they were guided by meanings and meanings. But what and how did they think about this when there were no spellings with spaces, when there were no spelling rules like today, when they focused more on meaning?

It is clear that no one (even those who are not at ease with literacy) deliberately wrote two identical consonants, that they actually appeared at the border of parts of words. This means you need to see these boundaries and understand.

It is also clear that the modern Russian language develops through formal rules and new word creation the previous established logic and individual traditions.

But why was it necessary to lose meanings, without which the whole is destroyed!?

Double consonants are obtained if two identical consonants appear next to each other in different parts of a word (for example, in a prefix and a root): underD + Hold, OT + Drag, Ras + Build etc.

(In fact, the prefix here is “Raz”, not “ras”, but more on that later.)

It’s a pity that now even prefixes and roots turn into almost “signs”, without meaning, with some kind of conventional meaning. But in Antiquity it was different: what we now read as “ support", the ancient intelligent ancestors read meaningfully as “Under Hold” (i.e. “to hold the basis, foundation, essence, foundation”), where “Under” is a name, and not some kind of service unit of language, some "prefix".

And further. There is something to think about here as to why this is done.

When we combine two bricks to make one large brick, then in life we ​​remember that the brick is “double.” Even when we attach another brick to this double brick.

But such common sense does not apply to the strange world of modern linguistics, where logical chains are very short, and even then only formal. In addition, some kind of “sclerosis” interferes: therefore, where there were just two bricks, suddenly only one is seen. We're not kidding. Here's an example:

And they get a new education, not related to the previous one: “ calculate+calculate", and not as it actually appears: " race+s+read", while maintaining consistency and continuity in origin.

This is not “academic nonsense” at all, but a methodical formation in the minds of those mastering the Russian language of incoherent logical chains, suspended as if in emptiness, i.e. actually torn off from the living, unshakable foundation of the Living Russian Language and Living Russian Speech. Why oppose one to the other when they are clearly connected in continuity and meaning?

C + Even = Count, Ras + Even = Ra With even

Without + With + Even = Be zs honest

(And in this place, only by the artificial assumption of the language reformers of 1917, the prefix “non-existent in the Russian language” is written demon", resulting in the modern " countless", to the laughter of all sane people who discern stupid subtext and know how to read what is written, and not what is made up: " demon countable"!).

The same situation applies to other similar words:

Ras + C + Triple = Ra ss triple(although in fact here it is necessary “ Ra zs triple" based on the real prefix "Raz").

Without+With+Fatal(from Rock) = Be ss fatal(according to pre-reform: “ Be zs fatal»)…

Introduction of “false prefixes” Ras-" And " Demon-", along with real prefixes " Once-" And " Without-”, in fact, does not result in the “ordering and development of language”, as the reformers wanted, but in the destruction of ancient living meanings in Language and Speech, where every sound, every letter has meaning!

It’s the same here, as a result of the “simplification” reform, i.e. compounds of “normal” words formed by prefixes (such as “Woz+Zha” = Vo zzh A), with those that can be classified as “onomatopoeic” (such as Zhu LJ at).

Although “prefix, prepositions, suffixes” are all quite conventional things for the Living Language (in Antiquity they meant living words, independent ones, and not some kind of “additional parts”), this is not what we are talking about.

The meaning of a word, according to an artificial rule, is nevertheless destroyed and removed. What remains is an incomprehensible but “progressive” neoplasm: “ rein", the spelling of which must now be remembered according to the new rule.

In case of " yeast“It’s also not very clear why one option was chosen, although there are other, more meaningful options (see Dahl’s dictionary): Dro railway and, Dro zzh And. In our opinion, an unspoiled option: Drozzhi, as a more typical case, because we know a lot of such words in the Russian language, where exactly this combination occurs: in zzh And, in and zzh here, there zzh damn, rubbish zzh ah...

“Juniper” also has the same more meaningful version: mo zzh ear.

It seems that the same situation is with “ LJ tion": this word comes from the original versions, which most likely had " ZZH" But let's not guess.

And, as a conclusion, it is no coincidence that this sound combination ZZh (“ZaZh”), which refers, if it’s a pun, to everything that “ Z A AND izn"! And this is in almost all words that do not have simple onomatopoeia.

And one gets the impression that the selection from the commonly used options was made according to the principle of “as bad and incomprehensible as possible.”

This is what can be said today about the rule, which, according to modern spelling, suggests writing formally, without comprehension LJ.

Ss ora- this noun actually comes from the form “ argument» ( rubbish): you remember well the phraseological unit “ don't wash dirty linen out of the house" Apparently, a situation has been recorded where conflict begins small, “with rubbish.”

They now simply want to include a kind of “neologism” here: Russian, formed through Western (in particular, Polish borrowings of the 17th-18th centuries) forms of word formation relatively recently, at a time when the previous names were removed at the turn of the 18th century " Tartaria», « RU sya " And " RU ss and I» (« Rus+Siya" - from Rus with other similar relatives, like: “ Po+Rus+Siya", modern Pru ss and I). When written in continuous text, without spaces, the title was unambiguous “ Rus", but with a kind of adjective form " Siya” (“shining, radiant” - because in Antiquity, as is known from the remaining ancient handwritten books, scribes very often wrote well-known and frequently repeated concepts in abbreviated form!).

Foreign words, since they were introduced into the Russian language, memorize them as is customary now (including for passing tests and exams): A ll her, and pp Arat, Komi ss yeah, those nn is, ho bb and, to mm ersant, uh ff ect, those pp history, oh kk upation, co tt edj, zha nn A…

We won't touch them. They themselves will die out and go out of use as the Native Speech revives.

But we must remember that among them there are also ones that seem to be ours, but have been preserved in other countries, i.e. ancient words common to many peoples, such as: Drama(“Before Ram”), etc. Naturally, they cannot contain double consonants.

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