Description of rose hips for children in artistic style or in science, it will help you write essays about rose hips.
Description of rose hips for children
In the village where my grandmother lives, there is a lot growing fruit trees. What I like most is the rosehip that grows under the window. When it rains, the sun is reflected in its wet red berries and the bush sparkles, as if it were showered not with berries, but with precious stones.
I have tried many times to enjoy its fruits, but they are difficult to peel and not very tasty. But my grandmother often makes compote from rose hips. And if I get sick, he prepares a medicinal decoction.
Rosehips are mostly upright shrubs. The shoots are covered with thorns.
Rosehip flowers have a wide variety of color scheme: From pure white to bright red and even black.
Rosehip is a valuable vitamin-rich plant, an invaluable source of ascorbic acid.
Rosehip plant description
My mother told me that rosehip is one of the the most useful plants for a person.
Rose hips are valued by many gardeners for their attractive flowers and fruits. Rose hips are extremely beautiful. Bright and eye-catching, rose hips are not only an exquisite autumn and winter decoration for our gardens, but also an extremely useful food additive, natural medicine and antioxidant.
Rosehip increases metabolism in the body, cleanses the blood supply, and destroys kidney stones. Rosehip infusions and decoctions contain a large amount of multivitamins. Drinks made from rose hips are not only medicinal, but also delicious.
Rosehip description for children
Rosehip (wild rose) is a prickly shrub from the Rosaceae family, 0.5-3 meters high. The leaves are almost round, or elliptical in shape with jagged edges. Rose hips bloom especially beautifully. Large, fragrant, red, pink or white flowers, several of them, are collected in an inflorescence. The fruits are smooth, fleshy berries of red, orange and other colors.
Rose hips are rich in beneficial substances, especially ascorbic acid. There is about 10 times more of it in rose hips than in everyone’s favorite black currant, and 100 times more than in equally beloved apples.
Rose hips grow throughout almost the entire territory of our country. You can collect it and dry it as much as you like. And once upon a time, rose hips were very rare; they were exchanged for expensive fabrics and sable furs..
You can leave your “Description of Rosehip” essay in the comments to help your peers.
Rose hip- rosa l.
Rosaceae family
On Far East There are 11 types of rose hips, but only 5 of them can reasonably be considered sources of vitamin C; others still need to be studied.
An important source of vitamin raw materials is the needle hips (R. acicularis Lindl.). This is a shrub, sometimes reaching 2 m in height, with reddish shoots with numerous small thin thorns. The leaflets of the compound leaf are ovate or elliptical in shape, glabrous above, glabrous or finely hairy below, with numerous deep teeth along the edges of the leaflets. It blooms from May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. They are red, elongated or pear-shaped, sometimes tapered at both ends. Their vitamin C content can exceed 200 mg%.
Distributed in Primorye, Amur region, on the Okhotsk coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Industrial procurement of many fruits of this plant is possible in the northern regions of Primorye, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur, Sakhalin and southern Magadan regions.
Rosehip needle- a very polymorphic species. Several species are now described under this name.
The Sikhotealinsky rose hip (R. sichotealinensis Kolesn.) was isolated from the spiny rose hip species. It is a small shrub with drooping branches covered with numerous thin thorns. The leaves of the compound leaf have several large teeth in the upper part. The large orange-red fruits of this plant reach 1.5 cm in diameter. Sikhote-Alin rosehip grows in high mountain areas, and therefore its fruits are unlikely to be the object of industrial harvesting. However, the possibility of using its fruits as a source of vitamin C should be taken into account by members of expeditions working in the area where this species grows.
Dahurian rose hips(R. davurica Pall.) is the most promising species for industrial fruit harvesting, since this shrub usually forms thickets. Its thin, hard branches are covered with red-brown or black-purple bark with large, slightly downward-curved thorns. The leaves consist of 7 oblong leaflets, glabrous above, pubescent below. The edges of the leaflets are serrate. It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in September. They are red, have a spherical or somewhat elongated shape, reaching 1.5 cm in diameter. They are widespread in Primorye and the Amur region.
Close to this species is the Korean rosehip.(R. koreana Kom.), characterized mainly by the absence of pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves, the color of the flowers and smaller fruits up to 7 mm in diameter. Grows in Southern Primorye. Due to the low prevalence and small size of the fruits, the plant is unsuitable for industrial harvesting.
Rosehip rugosa is a valuable vitamin carrier(R. rugosa Thunb.) is an erect or almost prostrate shrub, the height of which ranges from 30 cm to 2 m. The shoots of this shrub are densely pubescent and covered with a large number of thorns of varying sizes. Young spines are also pubescent. The leaflets of the compound leaf are bare and heavily wrinkled above due to depressed veins that protrude from the velvety lower surface. Blooms from mid-June until autumn frosts. The first fruits ripen in September. The fruits of the wrinkled rose hip are round or onion-flattened, large - their diameter often exceeds 3 cm. The wrinkled rose hip grows off the sea coast in Primorye, along the coast Tatar Strait, Amur Estuary and Sea of Okhotsk, as well as in Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Sometimes along river valleys it rises from the sea into the interior of the continent.
Apparently, the blunt-eared rosehip (R. amblyotis C.A.M.) can also be considered a vitamin carrier. This is an erect shrub, sometimes reaching 2 m. The stems are densely branched in the upper part. Young shoots are red-brown, with a small number of thorns. The thin leaves have a dull green color on top. Their lower surface is densely pubescent. The diameter of the orange-red spherical or pear-shaped fruits reaches 1.5 cm. The distribution zone covers the northern regions of Sikhote-Alin, the lower reaches of the Amur, Sakhalin, and Kamchatka.
Kamchatka rose hips(R. kamtschatica Vent.) is considered to be a hybrid between spiny hips and wrinkled rose hips. It is externally very close to the blunt-eared rosehip. It differs from it in having thicker young branches with a large number of thin thorns. The shiny, slightly wrinkled leaves are larger than those of the blunt-eared rosehip. The fruits are also larger. It grows on the Lower Amur and the Okhotsk coast, Kamchatka and in the southern regions of the Sakhalin region.
Rosehip Marrais(R. marretii Levl.) can also be classified as a vitamin raw material. It has many similarities with rose hips. It differs from it by narrowly lanceolate leaves about 3 cm long, slightly pubescent below. Large spherical fruits ripen in October. Growing area covers Kurile Islands and southern regions of the Sakhalin region.
Yakut rose hips (R. jacutica Juz.) is a shrub very similar to Daurian and blunt-eared rose hips. It differs from them in the absence of pubescence on the leaves, and from the Daurian rosehip in its greater height. In addition to Yakutia, it is found on the Okhotsk coast.
Maksimovich's rose hips (R. maximowicziana Rgl.) and thin-legged rose hips (R. gracilipes Chrshan.) grow in the southern regions of Primorye, are relatively rare, and their fruits contain little vitamin C.
Generally accepted criterion the value of rose hips as a source of medicinal raw materials is the presence in them of sufficient large quantity ascorbic acid. Meanwhile, in addition to this substance, rose hips usually contain riboflavin, carotenes, vitamins E and K, substances with P-vitamin activity, organic acids, sugars, flavone glycosides, pigments, pectin, tannins and some other substances.
Rosehip preparations are especially often used for the prevention and treatment of hypo- and vitamin deficiencies. In addition, they, like other multivitamin preparations, are successfully prescribed as auxiliaries for diseases in which the body's need for vitamins increases. It is most rational in all such cases to use rosehip preparations supplied to pharmacy chain(concentrate, extract, syrup, etc.). The fact is that preparing liquid rosehip preparations at home is often accompanied by the destruction of vitamin C, although the taste of the product is preserved.
To save vitamin To prevent destruction, an infusion of rose hips in a ratio of 1 tablespoon per glass of water should be prepared in an enamel bowl, covered. After boiling for 10 minutes, the preparation is left in a cool place for a day without removing the lid from the pan. After a day, the resulting infusion may not contain vitamin C.
"Holosas" is intended for the treatment of diseases of the liver and gall bladder. It is prepared from different types rose hips, including those that are relatively poor in vitamins.
Approved for use also caratoline and rosehip oil. Karatolin is an oil extract from the pulp of the plant fruit, containing carotenoids, vitamin E and linoleic acid. It is used externally in the form of dressings for trophic ulcers, eczema, atrophic changes in the mucous membranes and some types of erythroderma.
Rosehip oil is obtained by extraction organic solvent powdered seeds. The drug contains fatty acids, including linoleic and linolenic acids, vitamin E and carotenoids. The oil is intended for external use for cracked nipples in nursing mothers, for bedsores and trophic ulcers, and dermatoses. Rosehip oil is also used in the form of enemas - in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Rosehip preparations are quite widely used V folk medicine. The use of fruit infusion for anemia, general loss of strength, certain diseases of the stomach and intestines, diseases of the liver, kidneys, and bladder is described. For malaria and kidney stones, use a decoction of rosehip roots. In addition, for urolithiasis, a decoction of the plant’s seeds is used: 1 tablespoon of crushed seeds is boiled in a glass of water, then infused for 2 hours. Take it a quarter glass 3-4 times a day before meals. When leg muscles are weakened, foot baths with a decoction of rosehip roots are sometimes used in folk medicine.
Prepared ripe fruits dried in dryers at a temperature of 80-90° or at the same temperature in ovens, for which special sieves should be used. Of course, when drying in an oven, it is necessary to leave holes for inflow fresh air; The pipe can be completely closed only towards the end of drying, so that hot air containing a lot of moisture can escape freely. Not only should the fruit not be allowed to burn, but it should also not be allowed to become too dry. Properly dried rose hips should only be broken in your fingers, but not ground into powder. Usually the fruits dry well within 1 day. If for some reason this does not happen, you should dry them on the stove. The fruits are freed from sepals only after drying. This cannot be done during harvesting, because raw fruits, devoid of sepals, spoil quite quickly.
(cinnamon rose)
Rosa cinnamomea L.
Family Rosaceae
Other types: rosehip needle (rosa needle) [ Rosa acicularis Linde.], dog rose (dog rose) [ Rosa cani-na L.], Daurian rose hips (Dahurian rose) [ Rosa dahurica Pall.].
English: Cinnamon Rose
Description:
A shrub 100-150 cm high, with red-brown shiny branches, curved downward thorns, located in pairs at the base of the leaf petiole. Leafy shoots also have thin straight spines. The leaves are imparipinnately compound, with ovate-lanceolate acute stipules. Leaflets 5-7 pairs; they are oblong-oval, serrated, grayish below. The flowers are solitary, pink or dark red, with many stamens and pistils. The false fruit is berry-shaped, spherical or elliptical, orange-red, soft, sweet and sour. Cinnamon rose hips are characterized by whole, upward-pointing sepals that remain with the fruit. Blooms in May - August.
It grows in river floodplains, meadows, among bushes and in forest glades, edges and ravines in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan.
Collection and preparation
Flowers, fruits, leaves and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Rose hips are used as a source of vitamins for the preparation of dietary drinks, infusions, decoctions, concentrates, and also serve as raw materials for the production of ascorbic acid, but currently ascorbic acid is obtained mainly synthetically.
Flowers and leaves are collected during flowering and air-dried in the shade. The petals are stored in a closed glass jar in dark place. But you can also sugar them. They are placed in a glass jar in layers of 2-3 cm, covering each new layer with sugar. After 3 days, when the petals settle, sugar is added to the top of the jar to the brim, and after another 3 days, when the sugar turns pink, you can drink tea and coffee with it, or add it to compotes.
Rose hips begin to be harvested from the end of August until frost in a ripe state, when they become bright red and soft and contain greatest number vitamin C. They need to be peeled from the stalks, rinsed with water and dried in a low-heat oven for no more than 0.5 hours, and then dried, scattered on a wooden wire rack covered with paper. Rose hips should not be dried in the sun. The fact that the fruits are dried correctly can be judged by the fact that in the hands they do not crumble into powder, but break apart. They should also retain the orange or red color of fresh fruit.
Rosehip roots are dug up in late autumn, cleared of soil, and air dried. The shelf life of roots and fruits is up to 2 years, flowers and leaves - 1 year.
Store in closed wooden containers, in cloth bags or bags. Powdered rose hips are stored in glass jars.
Chemical composition of rose hips
In the dry pulp of the cinnamon rose fruit, 23.9% sugars were found, of which 18.5% invert sugar; raw fiber 12.5%, pectin 3.7-14%, raw ash 6.4%; total acidity 2.8%. Malic and citric acids, potassium salts 23 mg/%, sodium - 5 mg/%, calcium - 26 mg/%, magnesium - 8 mg/%, phosphorus - 8 mg/%, iron - 11.5 mg/% were found.
Rosehip is the richest plant in vitamins. The average content of ascorbic acid in fruits supplied to factories is 1200-1500 mg/%.
Rose hips contain flavonoid substances, cahetins, tannins, pigments lycopene and rubixanthin, etc., microelements: potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus. The total content of tannins in dry fruits is 4.6%, the total content of anthocyanin substances is 45 mg/%. Fatty oil was found in the seeds, tannins were found in the roots and leaves.
Pharmacological properties of rose hips
The action of rosehip is mainly associated with ascorbic acid, which has restorative properties. It is involved in the regulation of redox processes occurring in the tissues of the body, carbohydrate metabolism, blood clotting, in the formation of steroid hormones, participates in the synthesis of collagen, and in the regulation of capillary permeability.
Ascorbic acid, used in normal doses, is harmless, but in large doses it causes phenomena and suppresses the body's resistance, reducing the phagocytic activity of leukocytes.
Use of rose hips in medicine
Rose hips are used in medicine mainly as an antiscorbutic remedy for vitamin C deficiency. At the same time, rose hips are prescribed as a remedy.
Ascorbic acid is used in preventive and medicinal purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its deficiency: for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, with hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), with radiation sickness accompanied by hemorrhages, with an overdose of anticoagulants, with infectious diseases, diseases liver, Addison's disease, long-term non-healing ulcers and wounds, bone fractures, intoxication with industrial poisons and in many other cases.
IN last years Ascorbic acid began to be used as an antisclerotic agent. There are reports that under the influence of ascorbic acid in patients with coronary artery disease.
Rosehip is also used as a choleretic agent for hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially those associated with decreased bile secretion.
Rose hips are significantly superior to other plants in terms of quantitative content and variety of vitamins. A water infusion of fruits increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases, slows down the development of atherosclerosis, has a general strengthening and tonic effect, increases the secretion of bile, stimulates the function of the gonads, weakens and stops bleeding, reduces the permeability and fragility of blood vessels, enhances the regeneration processes of soft and bone tissues, accelerates wound healing, helps with burns and frostbite. The pulp of the fruit has a slight laxative effect. Rosehip seeds, located inside the fruit, have choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects. A decoction of the roots has astringent, choleretic and antiseptic properties. An aqueous infusion of the leaves has antimicrobial and antimicrobial properties and is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Rosehip medicinal preparations
Rosehip infusion
An infusion can be prepared from rose hips as follows: one tbsp. l. (20 g) of unpeeled rosehips are crushed, placed in a porcelain or enamel bowl, poured with 2 cups of boiling water, covered and placed in a boiling water bath, stirring frequently. After 15 minutes, remove and leave for 24 hours, then filter, drink 1/4-1/2 cup 2 times a day before meals for anemia and especially for general loss of strength and weakness after serious illnesses, as well as for atherosclerosis, hemophilia, uterine bleeding, stomach and intestinal ulcers, stomach catarrh with low acidity of gastric juice, diseases of the liver, kidneys and bladder, kidney stones, colds, cough and vitamin deficiency;
Rosehip decoction
2 tbsp. l. chopped rosehip roots in 500 ml of water, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 2 hours, filter. Take 200 ml 4-6 times a day before meals for malaria and how good remedy, crushing and dissolving stones in kidney stones. The decoction is used for baths for paralysis and “weakness” of the legs. A decoction of dried fruits is used for baths for rheumatism.
Rosehip root decoction
Brew 40 g of dried crushed roots with 1 cup of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 20-30 minutes, leave for 5 hours, strain. Drink 200 ml 3 times a day for 7-10 days for liver disease, kidney stones, hypertension, bladder inflammation, paralysis. Take baths for paresis and paralysis of the lower extremities.
Decoction of rose hip petals
Brew 100 g of flowers with 1 glass of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos, strain. Drink 50 ml 2-3 times a day for hypovitaminosis, colds, and general weakness.
Decoction of rosehip seeds
Brew 10 g of powder (1 tsp) from the seeds with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for kidney stones and diarrhea.
Seed oil lubricate wounds, ulcers, bedsores, burns, cracked nipples, inflamed gums.
Rose hips are included in multivitamin preparations. From them the drug holosas is produced, used as a choleretic agent for liver diseases, cholecystitis and hepatitis.
In Tibetan medicine, rose hips are used for pulmonary tuberculosis, atherosclerosis and neurasthenia.
Rose hips are used in the confectionery industry. Liqueurs are made from rosehip and rose petals.
Contraindications
Long-term use of large doses of ascorbic acid can lead to inhibition of the insulin-producing function of the pancreas. Therefore, when prescribing large doses or long-term use of ascorbic acid, it is recommended to control the content.
When prescribing ascorbic acid, it is necessary to take into account its ability to stimulate adrenal function and promote the excessive formation of corticosteroids, which when certain conditions may cause disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism.
Contraindications to the use of ascorbic acid are thrombophlebitis and other diseases accompanied by a tendency to form blood clots.
Use of rose hips on the farm
You can make jam or marmalade from fresh rose hips. The processed (without seeds) fruits are poured with hot syrup, the juice of 1 lemon is added and boiled, skimming off the foam, until the fruits sink to the bottom. Then the fruits are transferred to glass jars, boil the syrup until it thickens, and pour it over the rose hips. It’s better to roll up the cans right away. For 1 kg of rose hips you need to take 1 kg of sugar and 2-3 glasses of water.
To make jam, add 1 glass of water to the peeled fruits and cook until they become soft. Rub them through a sieve, add sugar, then bring the resulting mass to a boil, pour into jars and roll up. For 1 kg of peeled rose hips you need to take 3 cups of sugar.
You can also prepare rosehip juice and pulp for the winter. The fruits, cleared of hairs and seeds, are boiled, ground through a sieve, water and honey are added instead of sugar, brought to a boil, poured into jars and rolled up. For 1 kg of fruit you need 2 liters of water and 700 g of honey.
Photos and illustrations:
Rosehip belongs to the rose family and the order Rosaceae.. This plant has several cultural forms, which are grown as roses or rosehip shrubs.
The benefits of rose hips have been established by numerous scientific studies and the plant is considered medicinal. Rose hips are used in medicine, cosmetology, pharmacology and the food industry.
Biological features and distribution
There are more than 400 species of rose hips, as well as more than 100 cultivated varieties of the plant. Rosehip bushes have erect or creeping stems up to 10 m high. Small shrubs grow in Russia, and in Germany and France dog rose grows up to 13 m high.
In subtropical climates, rose lianas grow with a tree-like shape and curved stems. Dwarf species of roses and Aitchison rose hips are popular in Central Asia. They reach a height of 5-10 cm, bloom in the third year and grow up to 6 years.
Rose hips in Europe bloom for several days in May-June, and in middle lane In Russia, flowering lasts up to 20 days. The plant begins to bear fruit at the age of three and produces bountiful harvest within 3-5 years.
The rose hip is called a cynarrhodium and has sepals. When ripe, the fruit becomes reddish, orange or black, covered with bristles and becomes dry. According to the shape of the stalk, cynarrhodium can be concave, round, ovoid, ellipsoid, pitcher-shaped and pear-shaped.
Rose hips began to be cultivated in many countries of the world. Were withdrawn different kinds of this plant, which have naturalized in the natural conditions of Europe, Asia and North America.
Useful properties of rose hips
The great benefits of rose hips are due to the rich content of vitamins and useful substances. The plant contains vitamins B, C and E, carotene, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, essential oils, lemon acid, tannins and malic acid.
The beneficial properties of rose hips are actively used in the vitamin industry. Preparations with a high content of vitamin C and ascorbic acid, such as holosas and syrup, are obtained from it. Rosehip has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-edematous effects.
The great benefits of rosehip in the treatment of burns, cracks, and infectious diseases have been revealed., bleeding gums and inflammation of the oral cavity.
Rose hips contain organic acids, pectin and flavonoids, which strengthen the immune system, enhance protective functions against viral diseases, improve blood circulation and normalize blood sugar.
Rose hips are widely used in medicine and cosmetology. For medicinal purposes, infusions are created from the seeds, flowers and leaves of the plant, which have tonic and general strengthening effects.
Infusions and decoctions of rose hips stop bleeding, promote urination and bile secretion, and accelerate regeneration processes.
Rose hips are highly beneficial in the treatment of colds, rheumatism, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal disorders.
Calorie content of rose hips
Rosehip is a fruit with an average calorie content of 109 kcal. The plant also contains 1 g of protein, 22 g of carbohydrates and 0.7 g of fat.
Use of rose hips
IN winter period years, regular consumption of rose hips allows you to provide the body with required quantity vitamin C and nutrients. 
Fresh peeled rose hips have a sour taste and are used as a vitamin supplement along with sugar.
In folk medicine they are highly valued medicinal properties rosehip. An infusion is prepared from the fruit shells and is used as an anesthetic. You can prepare a decoction from the dried fruits and brew tea in a thermos. The infusion is recommended for use by people with hypertension, infectious diseases and anemia.
The flowers of the plant are brewed with honey and used as lotions to treat eye diseases. Rosehip decoction is effective for removing stones from the kidneys and bladder.
In cosmetology, rosehip oil is used, which contains fatty acids necessary to strengthen and heal the skin. A special cream is also made from the fruits with the addition of glycerin and ammonia, which is used to care for the skin of hands and feet. Rosehip petals are used to create decoctions for washing and cosmetic masks that tone the skin, relieve fatigue and promote regeneration.
Contraindications
Rose hips should be consumed in moderation, as it is rich in many vitamins, nutrients and organic acids.
Decoctions and tinctures containing rose hips are contraindicated for liver diseases, and they should not be drunk long time, since there is a high probability of non-infectious jaundice.
Rose hips are contraindicated in case of individual intolerance and the presence of severe diseases of the digestive system.
Strong decoctions and infusions of rose hips must be taken after plastic straw and after using them, rinse your mouth to prevent yellowing of the teeth and damage to the enamel.
Contraindications for the use of rose hips include renal failure, blood clots, hypertension and increased acidity.