Situations when it is necessary to compress objects with great strength, in everyday life there is plenty.
Here are a few of them:
- Extracting juice from grapes, fruits and vegetables.
- Pressing in or removing silent blocks, bearings, bushings.
- Molding of products using a matrix.
- Bending strong metal workpieces.
- Straightening curved objects.
- The list goes on and on.
For these actions you need a press. The most popular design is hydraulic. The liquid is not compressed, so it is enough to equip a device for compression - pressing with hydraulics, and you can develop virtually unlimited force.
These devices are quite compact. For example, the illustration shows a machine with a height less than a meter, and it develops a force of up to 10 tons. And it is controlled manually.
Such a press can be bought at a tool store, however, the cost is quite high. If you look closely at the design, you will notice that the power element is very similar to a regular automobile bottle jack. Therefore, you can make it yourself.
Drawing and concept of a jack press
Power elements are made of steel with a thickness of at least 15 mm, or a steel profile. As vertical posts you can use a hairpin, a corner, profile pipe, or the same channel.
A threaded rod is preferable because it can be used to quickly adjust the size of the work area.
We will take this diagram as the basis for understanding the design.
To the base (7) , 20 mm thick, two studs are screwed in (4) with thread at the bottom (5) and at the top, to adjust the height of the upper platform.
Hairpins (4) are made from a steel circle with a diameter of 30 mm. The upper thread is cut based on the lifting height of the jack rod with a small margin.
Bottle Type Hydraulic Jack (6) installed on the base.
It is advisable to fix it there. The mount can be made removable so that you can use the jack for its intended purpose.
A hydraulic press is used to obtain high pressure. It is used in many auto repair shops to press various shafts, bearings and gears. Home craftsmen use it for stamping parts made of plastic, rubber or metals. If your workshop doesn’t already have one, then you can try making a press yourself.
Read in the article
Purpose and functions of the press: areas of application of the device
The press has a wide range of applications. Sometimes it is a necessary item in a workshop or garage. The small device is often used in car repairs. You can use a press for silent blocks, as well as for pressing out bearings.
Such equipment is used to create briquettes from waste, when gluing two surfaces, as well as for bending metal parts. At the same time, factory devices may not be affordable for many. If you decide to make such a device with your own hands, it can easily be adapted to certain tasks.
The hydraulic principle makes life much easier. Thanks to simple mechanism different equipment works effectively.
So, let's take a closer look at why such a device is needed:
- pressing out various bearings, this is used in small auto repair shops;
- bending hardware of various shapes;
- providing pressure for gluing two elements;
- installation of rivets.
Try making a press with your own hands in. This device is used for pressing out and pressing in all kinds of parts. At the same time, the equipment performs a huge range of repair, maintenance and preventative work.
Let's look at some options:
- even a small car service needs hydraulic press, which you can purchase or make yourself. To make such a unit, you need to decide on the installation of a pressure gauge, the weight, dimensions and performance of the piston. Before designing a press, car models must be taken into account. The simple design is not suitable for large machines;
- often necessary for the workshop and home waste paper press. If there is a large accumulation of paper, it must be disposed of. This design has an average power rating and can operate from electrical network. Using a small device you can clean significant amount waste paper;
- useful and cardboard press, with which you can press plastic bottles and cans. At self-installation The device must take into account the parameters of the piston, frame, equipment dimensions and weight. This device uses ready-made or manual hydraulic;
- sawdust press used to create briquettes. The resulting briquettes are used for heating private houses. Such a device consists of a power frame, a base and a drive. For a manual mechanism, a jack is often used, and for a mechanical structure, an electric motor is suitable;
- homemade hay baler is a special box that is installed on a frame structure made of. Such frames can be made from metal profile. The design is made in the form of a box, but without the top part. You will need some materials to make your own hay press. Drawings with dimensions will make the task easier. It is worth using corners, metal slats and.
To make a hay machine, you need to connect the boards using metal corners. After this, the box is covered with slats. This will add strength to the product. Then you need to move on to the gate or door, which is fixed on hinges.
For assembly you will need an element for attaching to the front, a base for mounting all components, a running part and a transport pick-up. You will also need a special chamber with a gearbox and hay. Pick-up device roll type used to carry out one cycle of packaging and assembling straw or hay.
In this case, a selection of dried hay is made in the field, as well as pressing the collections. Then the sheets are formed into rolls. This process is characterized by baling without deforming the vegetation. Factory pickers have a rather complex device, which can rarely be done at home.
Waste paper units are used in points that accept various secondary raw materials. This unit is different high blood pressure approximately 15-50 tons, which helps to make small bales. To load them, you can use any manipulators. High power They also have presses for fuel briquettes.
This design can be made in two types:
- The mechanical version is a simplified design with low power. In this case, the force can reach one ton;
- The more powerful ones include a homemade hydraulic device, the power of which can be up to 4 tons.
The production of a press for plastic bottles occurs in a similar way.
Press design: features of existing devices
To create significant force over a certain area, a hydraulic press design is used; you can buy such a unit in specialized stores. This device is an effective and simple device.
If you decide to make such a structure according to the drawings, then you need to understand what it consists of:
- the lower part or base is necessary for the stability of the structure. It looks like a platform and is made of massive rolled metal. Corners made of metal and channel are suitable for this;
- racks are vertical parts of the structure. The height of the elements is calculated as the sum of the length of its rod, the height of the jack and the thickness of the fixed stop. The racks are made of steel corners welded to the base;
- the fixed stop is fixed in the upper part of the racks. To make it, use the same corner as for the racks;
- The jack allows you to develop the necessary force. This element is attached to a movable stop. It is driven by electric drive or manual control;
- the movable stop exerts the main pressure on the mechanism. Can be made from angles or strips of steel;
- The return device is used to move the movable stop to its normal position. In this case, springs are used, the degree and length of stretching are calculated depending on the parameters of the press.
How to make a simple design can be seen in the video below:
Vacuum press
During production vacuum press with your own hands, it is worth considering that the device consists of a thermal module, a table and vacuum chamber. Moreover, the last element often has the shape of a rectangle and is made of hard material.
This design has some features:
- the device has only manual control;
- Available materials are used for work;
- the operating speed should not be inferior to factory analogues.
The vacuum structure is assembled from the following parts:
- the frame is made from rails for the thermal module and profiled pipe. To work, you will also need an electric drill;
- the vacuum table is made from a clamping frame, clamps and a bath;
- A liquid ring pump is also required.
Thermal vacuum press is also produced by analogy.
Baler
A device such as a baler is installed as a trailing mechanism for. It is used in small farm fields and large agricultural lands. After the green mass is cut by the mower, this device processes it. In this case, rollers are formed from the stems, and then pressed bales are obtained using the unit.
Here are the advantages of using such a unit:
- drying time is reduced and hay loss is reduced;
- labor costs are reduced several times;
- the quality of hay during storage increases;
- possible self-adjustment attachment.
The most common option is the roll mechanism. Spring teeth allow you to collect a lot of grass. After this, each portion is rolled into bales. Using such a press, a minitractor can load up to 20 tons of straw in 20 days. Roll structures have small dimensions.
The roller press-bale variety makes rectangular-shaped briquettes. The grass in the windrows is picked up by the teeth and sent to the pressing compartment. Dimensions can be adjusted by technology. The bales are firmly packed and tied with twine. After this, the block is thrown onto the field.
You can also make a homemade version from running timber and lumber. In this case, a large box is made from boards and a horizontal method is used to load hay. A rack or screw jack is used as a press. Using this device, you can knit bales of straw and press them.
Tabletop mechanical press
The table press can operate either automatically or manually. Such equipment is often made of durable steel.
Using a hand press the following are processed:
- polymers and plastics;
- cardboard and foam rubber;
- all kinds of metals;
- rubber and leather.
Using a mechanical press, bearings and bushings are pressed out, stamped, and small products are cut out. This unit allows you to save time on the manufacture of parts.
Hydraulic device manual apparatus produces force using a hydraulic cylinder rod. This element contains a liquid that is compressed under pressure. The unit is used to compress, deform and connect parts.
The hole-punching version is used for stamping holes in sheets different materials. Manual mechanical devices are necessary for crimping tubular sleeves and cables.
Vibropress
Vibropress allows you to reduce the time required construction work, and also reduce their cost. The device design assumes the presence of three drives: hydraulic, mechanical and pneumatic. The operation of the unit is based on vibration pressing technology.
Even if you have instructions and the necessary drawings, creating a brick making press with your own hands may not work out. This can happen due to incorrect calculations, inaccurate adjustments and low productivity.
Electric press
The hydraulic press with electric drive has a simple device. Most often it consists of a thick corner and a channel. All elements are connected with thick bolts.
Particular attention should be paid to the frame, as it will be subject to significant mechanical loads. In this case, the thickness of the metal must be sufficient.
This device is often used in production and industry. The force is performed by the operation of an electric motor. The use of such a mechanism helps reduce the time required to conduct multiple technological processes.
Hydraulic press device for a garage: main characteristics
How to do Hydraulic Press sometimes you need to know to make such a unit for your garage. At the same time, practical designs can be made from available raw materials. A garage unit will require a manual drive, as well as a hydraulic one. It is necessary to decide on the type of installation: it will be desktop or floor-standing. A drawing with dimensions will also come in handy.
To produce a hydraulic press, it is important to decide on the model option. Here they can be:
- complex hydraulic design requires specialized equipment and time to work;
- the manual mechanism can be made independently;
- The standard tire design is two-speed and has hand pump. The piston is mobile;
- The floor-standing model is equipped with an overload valve and a manual pump drive.
For self-production you will need a cutting tool and. Dignity garage assembly It will be possible to control every stage of installation work.
It is important to decide on the type of construction. Horizontal devices used for bending, straightening and cutting individual elements. And vertical equipment is required for unpressing and pressing parts. The hydraulic installation is used for waste disposal. This involves pressing waste paper, plastic waste and corrugated cardboard.
Devices can also be desktop or floor-mounted. In this case, the tabletop mechanism can be installed on a workbench. Presses differ in their load capacity.
Floor-standing structures have a wide range of desktop adjustments. This option can have a load capacity of up to 20 tons. They are used to disassemble and reassemble units.
There are also special safety rules for working on such equipment:
- To work, you should work in clothes without parts that could get under the press. It is important to protect your hair from such contact;
- special glasses are used for the eyes;
- there should be no children or strangers in the work area;
- the parts are placed in the center of the press;
- Only oils are used for jacks High Quality.
An important drive is a manually operated hydraulic pump. It is capable of reciprocally - forward movements in the working part. Hydraulic cylinders can be plunger or piston. This largely depends on the quality of the liquid used.
To make a simple unit for the garage you will need a bottle jack. For a small workshop, you can choose a mechanism that can create a force of up to 10 tons. This will reduce the size of the device. You will also need a welding unit and discs for cutting metal.
Before assembly, it is important to choose only a good jack and make solid foundation for him. Such a press consists of a hydraulic pump, a pressure gauge, a frame with a bed and a hydraulic cylinder. In some designs, the cylinder and pump can be replaced by a jack.
The manual press has the following advantages:
- simplicity of the device;
- lack of safety mechanisms;
- the location of the work table does not affect the working force of the structure;
- It is possible to adjust the length and height of the working stroke.
The disadvantages include the low speed of the working surface.
How to make a device for a garage can be seen in the video:
Options for do-it-yourself hydraulic press drawings
An important part of any press is the bed. To make a manual hydraulic press with your own hands, the drawings must be chosen very responsibly. The bed consists of a frame, inside of which there is a jack with a tool.
The frame of a hydraulic press must have increased strength, since it will experience loads in two directions at once.
The lower part of the frame is designed to ensure the stability of the entire structure. To calculate the internal opening of the frame, parameters such as the thickness of the working mechanism and the free stroke of the rod are summed up.
To increase the height of the workpiece, it is necessary to ensure the adjustment of the free jack rod. Here's what you can do for this:
- another plate is installed in the upper part of the frame contour, which can move along the guides;
- a removable stop is made for the mobile platform;
- Several insert spacers can be made from a solid piece of metal.
If used correct drawing, the hydraulic press will be of high quality and durable.
Do-it-yourself hydraulic press: how to make it
Figuring out how to make a press with your own hands is not difficult. To do this you will need a welding unit, an angular Sander, And steel profile. For the manufacture of hydraulic device you will need a jack. The shape of such a mechanism should be bottle-shaped.
When making a homemade hydraulic press, you will need a jack weighing from 2 to 100 tons. Depending on the purpose, the press can be either floor-standing or tabletop. The latter option is more compact.
To make a hydraulic press with your own hands you will need a grinder, a welding machine and a metal drill, as well as drills of different diameters. As source material All kinds of channels, angles and metal pipes are used. Any hydraulic press consists of moving and stationary elements. Movable ones include return mechanisms and a movable stop, and fixed ones include racks, stops and a base.
The base of a hydraulic press for a garage can be made from any available materials. In order for the structure to be stable, it is necessary to place the center of gravity as low as possible. For floor device the base is made of thick-walled corners and channels.
When making tabletop equipment, you can use a pipe with thick walls and a square cross-section. Iron can be used if the metal thickness is approximately 10 mm. For the base you will need a high-quality stop and stands. Such elements are made from scrap materials.
Article
We will send the material to you by e-mail
Any car enthusiast, and even a garage mechanic, is familiar with the situation when it is necessary to press out any part from the shell, be it a bearing or a silent block. Someone needs to lay the cardboard more compactly, and maybe even make fuel briquettes. But the necessary tool or equipment may not always be at hand. Let's try to figure out how difficult it is to make a press with your own hands and whether it is possible. And if possible, what material will be needed and what is the algorithm for such work. First, let's clarify what a press is and what it is intended for.
Factory produced hydraulic press
What is the purpose and functions of the press in everyday life and its varieties
Such devices have a very wide range of applications. This can be not only squeezing out various parts, but also a device for a walk-behind tractor that collects hay and lays it in even rolls. Perhaps the manufacture of some durable concrete products is required, or perhaps a lot of sawdust has accumulated, from which good fuel can be made.
Let's look at the main jobs that a press can perform in Everyday life. This equipment can be divided into several types. The design of some types is similar, while others have fundamental design differences.
Press for extruding parts from any base or shell
Such equipment will come in handy in garage conditions. It is not profitable for an ordinary motorist to purchase it, because... the cost is quite high, and they rarely perform the work. But to make a press with your own hands for the garage with minimum costs, quite acceptable.
You can use a similar press for silent blocks or bearings, i.e. for those parts whose installation and dismantling cannot be done manually. Having spent a little time, you can design and assemble a device, the cost of which in a store can exceed 50,000 rubles.
Device for compacting various materials into dense briquettes
Such a device will help put old newspapers into use, which will make good fuel for the stove. A waste paper press will help you save on purchasing coal or firewood. In addition, the need to dispose of unnecessary correspondence, of which many have accumulated a huge amount, disappears.
Approximately the same principle can be used to make a sawdust press. The excellent fuel that will be obtained when using it has proven itself not only in stove heating, but also even on vacation. Long burning, intense heat and lack of smoke – these are the advantages that helped fuel briquettes made using a press gain popularity. Shish kebab, barbecue or a hot fire with minimal flame - what else is needed for a good rest?
There is another option to compress coal chips instead of sawdust. In this case, it will be a fuel that burns for a very long time and produces a huge amount of heat. And there is usually a lot of such crumble in the coal sheds of houses that are heated with it. So why not put him into action?
Press for recycling plastic and cardboard
Surely many have seen carton boxes, which are tightly compressed into a tight stack. This is also the work of the press. After all, it is much more convenient to export such material when it is compactly packaged. A cardboard press is one of the easiest to make with your own hands. Other solid materials can be disposed of using approximately the same principle. For example, using a press plastic bottles turn into neat layers, convenient for transportation.
But still, pressing plants bring the greatest help in agriculture.
Mechanized harvest assistant
To collect the straw remaining on the field after harvesting, or forage hay, it is optimal to use a homemade pick-up press. Moreover, it will not only make work easier. Straw will be rolled into neat, dense rolls that are convenient to transport and store.
In the drawings of a do-it-yourself hay press, it is necessary to indicate the dimensions - this will help in the end to assemble everything correctly. Although there are options for very simple units, more on that below.
Well, first of all, before you start hand-made such a unit, it is important to understand the designs of its various types, understand their differences and decide on the necessary material.
What is the basic design of the press and its various types
Many may say that there is no point in spending time on design and assembly and that it is much easier to buy a hydraulic press or its mechanical version, but this is fundamentally wrong. Of course, if it is used, for example, in a car service, etc., perhaps the unit will pay for itself after some time. But for home use and performing one-time work, the acquisition will be a very irrational use of funds.
To fully understand the essence of the work, consider design features some types of similar units. And you should start with the possibility of making a vacuum press with your own hands.
The main thing worth saying about this device is that it has practically no use in everyday life. The fact is that a thermal vacuum press is most often used for the manufacture of doors and window frames, as well as various furniture facades. It is with its help that the parts are covered with film (NDF). It is essentially a large laminating machine.
Note! Such a press is very difficult to manufacture. Some craftsmen say that self-production They spent more money on such a device than would have been spent on purchasing it. Precisely because of its great complexity and small scope of application, we will not dwell on such a press in detail. It would be much more interesting to consider a baler capable of compacting and baling hay or straw.
Design features of the hay pick-up press
This simple installation is assembled from boards and is very useful on the farm, because When stored, compressed straw takes up much less space, and neat “briquettes” will be convenient to store.
Like mechanical press is a wooden box measuring 80 x 80 cm and 3 m in length. At one end there is a hatch with a lock, and at the other there is a wooden platform with a long lever, through which the hay is pressed. In order to more fully understand the principle of operation and design of such an installation, you can watch the short video below.
Surely, after watching it, it became clear that such a press does not even require preliminary drawings. As for the press for the walk-behind tractor, then fundamental differences there is no difference between them, the only difference being that the second option has no leverage. Pressure testing is carried out using the same pressure platform, but through a cable drive, i.e. the second option is just a more mechanized version of the first.
Video: from homemade press for making bales in a hurry
Compact press for everyday small jobs
For home use, the desktop one has proven itself quite well. hand press. Of course, it can also be made in a hydraulic version, but we will look at more complex units a little later. Therefore, now let’s try to understand what the operating principle of a mechanical tabletop press is.
Such an installation is a frame welded from profile iron and reinforced with stiffeners. A manual jack is usually attached to the top in such a way that when the handle is rotated, it moves towards the lower platform. The unit itself is bolted to the workbench.
Thus, it turns out that by placing a part in the lower part of the steel frame, for example, placing a tube under it, you can easily, by rotating the jack handle, squeeze out the middle part. This is how the silent blocks of the car or bearings, etc. are squeezed out, or vice versa, pressed into place. similar parts into their seats. The main thing is to ensure that there is no distortion in the pressure.
You can make a similar press desktop or floor-mounted, if necessary, in larger sizes. But do not forget that in this case you will need a more powerful jack, or install a gearbox to increase the pressure force.
Compacting press or how to assemble a device based on rollers
Sometimes it is necessary to roll out the wire or make a plate thinner. This is where a roller press comes in handy. The principle of its operation is easy to understand for those who remember old washing machines with manual spin. Excess moisture was removed from the laundry by passing the item between two rollers. Rotating the handle caused them to rotate in opposite directions.
This is exactly how a mechanical roller press works, with the only difference being that it is possible to adjust the distance between the shafts, and there is also a gearbox that reduces the rotation speed, increasing power - after all, metal is much stiffer than fabric. Such mechanisms can be manufactured with either a manual, mechanical or electric drive. In this case, instead of the handle through chain transmission It is necessary to connect an asynchronous motor. The gearbox with this connection will be slightly different. In addition, it is better to connect the motor through a frequency converter. This ensures a smoother start, energy savings and longer service life of the motor.
Manufacturing of high-strength concrete products - what is needed for this?
Someone may ask - what does it have to do with it? concrete products, when it comes to presses. It turns out that the connection is direct. It is precisely for strengthening products such as cinder blocks, etc. A vibropress is used. Inside such a device, where the mold is located, a mixture of cement, sand, etc. is placed, after which it is pressed with a press and vibration is turned on. As a result, excess air is removed, and the product acquires the necessary strength.
Making such a brick press with your own hands is quite possible, although it will require a lot of time, effort and knowledge. Usually, when it comes to paving slabs or something similar, home craftsmen prefer to make a regular vibrating table. In fact, there will not be much difference if the solution in the molds is not subjected to pressure, but simply loses unnecessary, excess air during vibration.
Hydraulics as the most common type of pressure supply to the press
The most interesting and common type of such units is a hydraulic press with an electric drive. Operating principle similar device as simple as it is complex – and this is true. Low-viscosity engine oil passes through a pump driven by an electric motor and enters the cylinder. It creates high pressure which pushes the piston.
Of course, the drive can also be mechanical, without the participation of an electric motor and an oil pump. This will be the most common type of press, which is made by hand. For work in the garage, such a device, at times, becomes simply irreplaceable. And, besides, following some tips, even a novice craftsman who has basic skills in working with a welding machine or making bolted connections can make it.
What is the structure of a hydraulic press and how to make it
A hydraulic press is absolutely indispensable in rural areas. And it was invented back in 1975. The principle of its operation is to use communicating cylinders with pistons of different diameters. Moreover, the less pressure, i.e. the hydraulic pump and the more receiving hydraulic cylinder, the stronger the pressure will be created with less force. In essence, this can be compared to the movement of a car in a low gear.
The most common form of hydraulic press, as already mentioned, has become rectangular frame. And the main task in its manufacture is accurate calculations. The first step is, of course, to draw up a diagram of the future press, because Without it, it will be difficult to figure out all the connections. Both the quality and speed of assembly of the unit depend on how detailed it is.
All structural elements must be made of steel, with a thickness of at least 15 mm. This is done so that the frame does not move during operation, because significant force will be applied. The main thing that needs to be considered is the design itself. It is necessary to remember that hydraulic jacks are designed specifically for working in a vertical position and cannot be placed on their side, nor can they be installed with the rod down.
Ideally it should be next construction. A rectangular, elongated upward frame is fixed to the frame. Inside the frame, vertically along the edges, there are 2 guides along which a horizontal crossbar runs up and down. A hydraulic jack is fixed on top of it, and the transverse beam itself is suspended from the upper part of the frame by springs, which ensure that the transverse beam is pressed back when the jack is loosened.
The hydraulic press produced in this way will press down when the jack is “pumped up” and rise up when it is loosened using springs. A large nut can be welded to the bottom of the beam, into which various tips needed for a particular job will subsequently be screwed.
If you have a separate hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump at hand, then you can make a more convenient unit. Indeed, in this case, it becomes possible to install a pedal, and during work both hands remain free, which is sometimes extremely necessary.
In general, how to make a hydraulic press is everyone’s business. And the answer to this question is limited only by the imagination and wishes of the master. A little ingenuity and now an exclusive device is ready that meets all the requirements of convenience.
The importance of drawing up drawings of a self-made hydraulic press
The main task in such work is accuracy and attentiveness. And if the dimensions, for example, of the vertical posts do not match, the unit may press slightly to the side, which in some cases can be critical. That’s why drawing up drawings of a manual hydraulic press with your own hands is very important. Moreover, all dimensions on them must be written down and calculated down to the millimeter. And during manufacturing, deviations from the drawing are unacceptable.
Press hydraulic drawing which is compiled correctly and will function perfectly. For a typical garage installation, the ideal size would be a supporting frame 50 cm wide and up to 1 m high.
Do-it-yourself hydraulic press - how long will such work take and which connections are better
It is best to assemble the frame for a hydraulic press with your own hands using welding joints. In this case, the seams must be of high quality. Of course, if a 3-ton jack is installed, no extra forces will be applied to the frame, but it’s still better to play it safe.
But what will happen if the weak seams do not hold up and the structure “leads”? Let's look at this with an example. The faulty electric motor bearing needs to be replaced. It is pressed into a duralumin cover, and therefore you need to work with a homemade hydraulic press to remove it. And if, during its extrusion, the frame of the structure is driven, the force on the bearing is applied unevenly in a circle. As a result, the duralumin engine cover breaks. We've arrived. Now, in addition to the bearing, it is necessary to purchase a cover for an asynchronous motor (or a generator, the meaning does not change).
That is why, before making a press with your own hands, you should think about the connections. If you are not confident in your ability to make quality welds, then it’s better to either turn to a professional or stick to bolted connections. But you also need to be careful with this type of installation. You should not spend 2-3 small-diameter bolts on one connection, this will not make it stronger. The best thing that can be for a garage hydraulic press is a connection with one, but thick bolt.
Article
The hydraulic type press is widely used in a wide variety of applications. It is perfect for jobs that require high pressure when machining parts. In the automotive industry, this condition applies to the processing of shafts, bearings and similar round-shaped products.
In everyday life, a hydraulic press is used to produce rubber, metal and plastic parts. This equipment is universal and perfect for various types of work.
In this article we will ask ourselves what a press can be made from.
Application of the press
To carry out complex and precise work, special equipment is required, however, a simple hydraulic press will help solve some problems.
Here are the most common ones:
- production of bearings of the required size, perfect for your own small auto repair shop;
- bending of hardware;
- maintaining the required pressure for gluing parts of the product;
- assembly of rivet elements.
The best place to install equipment is a garage or suburban area. Photos of the press with your own hands can be seen below.
Hydropress for automotive work
Even to carry out simple work you need to have some skills. It is necessary to correctly take into account the operating pressure, as well as the weight, dimensions and other characteristics of the piston mechanism.
The simple design of the hydraulic press is only applicable to passenger cars. For a cargo vehicle you will need professional equipment. Homemade press ideas are unlikely to replace them.
Waste paper press
Such equipment, first of all, is necessary for country houses and suburban areas. A large accumulation of paper will sooner or later require disposal.
The installation operates quietly from a household electrical network of 220V at average power levels. Press is different high performance even with small equipment dimensions.
Press for cardboard materials
In addition to cardboard, it is possible to press plastic bottles and tin cans. But such equipment requires a hydraulic pump.
Sawdust press
Used to produce sawdust briquettes, widely used in heating country houses. The equipment is large in size. It consists of a table, frame structure, machine base and motor.
For manual application a jack is used and mechanical use implies the presence of an electric motor.
Hay selection equipment
There are instructions on how to make your own press. As preparatory materials, prepare metal corners, slats and planed boards. First, we begin assembling the box using boards and metal corners.
This type of press is available in two versions:
- V mechanical version is a simple design with low power and force up to 1 ton;
- a homemade version of a hydraulic press with a working force of up to 4 tons.
Of course, it’s a good idea to have ready-made drawings on hand on how to properly make a press, since for manual assembly you will need fastening elements for the front part of the equipment, a base for fastening all components, a running guide and a transport pick-up.
Self-production of a hydraulic press
A simple version of a hydraulic press will require welding inverter, angle grinder, hand saw, metal hammer and metal profile. A jack is also required, depending on the purpose of the press, from 2 to 100 tons.
This type of press is made in the form of a bottle. Any hydraulic press consists of moving and static parts. Assembly units such as channels, angles and thick-walled pipes are perfect.
Return units and a moving stop are used as dynamic workpieces; stationary products include various types of racks and bases.
Step-by-step making of a press with your own hands, especially its base, is possible from any available materials. The center of gravity of the equipment should be placed as low as possible.
When installing the press on the floor, channels and angles with a thick section are used. Square pipes are used to attach homemade presses to tables. The materials used are steel alloys; the use of iron alloys is advisable for workpiece thicknesses of 1 cm or more.
DIY press photo
For some operations home handyman a press with significant compression force may be required, but the purchase of equipment of this class will be completely unjustified. Today we will tell you how to assemble a reliable press based on a hydraulic car jack in a few hours.
What and how to assemble a frame for the press?
The material for the frame, its structural strength and the method of assembly should be determined by the pressure that the jack is capable of delivering. For accurate calculations, it is important to understand in which direction the loads act during operation.
The base of the press is a rectangular U-shaped frame made of a channel or a paired steel angle. The main acting force is the resistance to compression, expressed in concentrated load. The main force is concentrated in the centers of the horizontal crossbars. The forces that stretch the vertical racks of the press and the phenomena of deformation in compressed parts can be completely neglected.
1 - upper thrust beam; 2 - bolts; 3 - jack 20 t; 4 — return springs; 5 - movable beam; 6 — locking pin; 7 - adjustable support beam; 8 - transverse beam; 9 - legs from corners
For installation with a compressive force of up to 5 tons, you can safely use the following to make a frame:
- Channel according to GOST 8240-89, standard size 8P.
- A pair of hot-rolled angles according to GOST 8509-93, size 50x5 mm, connected with 10 mm rods every 20-25 cm, or with a solid weld.
Let us immediately make a reservation that we provide approximate data on rolled metal for a frame with interior window no wider than 100 cm. By analogy, when using a jack with a force of up to 10 tons, the frame should be made of:
- Channel size 10P.
- Twin angle steel 63x7 mm, solid seam connection with internal inserts of nominal cross-section.
If the required compression force reaches 15 tons or higher, then the frame should be made of:
- Channel size 14P.
- Twin angle 75x8 mm, connection similar to the previous one.
The above proposal for rolled metal products implies a tenfold safety margin, which completely eliminates exceeding the limit of elastic deformation and is normal for installations of this kind. All frame joints must be welded with solid double-sided seams and butt cut. If the connection is not made by welding, assembly with bolts or cotter pins is allowed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum permissible load for cutting
With a bolted connection, the main load becomes dispersed and the compression force of the press must be divided by the number of bolts or pins. The destructive shear force of bolts made of the most common steel ST-3 is:
- M10 - about 2500-3000 kg.
- M12 - 4000-4500 kg.
- M14 - 5500-6000 kg.
To ensure the required safety margin, each fastening element must experience a load five times less than the destructive load. For steel fingers, the force can be taken 10-15% higher than the specified values. If required quantity fasteners cannot be placed in a corner joint, the strength should be increased with gussets, for which it is preferable to use corner steel instead of sheet steel. The same applies to the welded frame structure, which also helps to avoid the use of excessively massive rolled steel.
In addition to the loaded upper part, the frame includes two racks with legs that provide the press with sufficient stability, and cross beam, which can be adjustable when processing parts different sizes. The cross-section of the upper and lower beams must be equivalent, as well as the cross-section of their fastening elements. Everyone is free to implement the legs and support according to their own considerations; they do not experience work loads in addition to the own weight of the press. The only requirement is the presence of a bottom crossbar, which gives the structure additional rigidity.
Which jack to use and how to modify it
The most affordable and suitable for making a home press would be a glass-type hydraulic car jack. As mentioned above, you have the right to choose the working force to suit your tasks; there are relatively inexpensive devices on sale that can squeeze up to 20 tons or even more.
The main problem with using these jacks is their inability to work in an upside-down position. It seems most logical to mount the jack permanently on the upper beam and use the lower one as a support for the part. However, this will require modification of the hydraulic mechanism.
The first option for modifying the jack is to install an additional expansion tank with a capacity of about 300 ml. The tank is connected to the filler hole of the jack with a regular silicone tube. To ensure a tight fit, you can use threaded fittings for the oxygen hose, which are available in any auto parts store.
Another modification option will require disassembling the jack. It is necessary to completely drain the oil and pump the plunger, then tighten the upper clamping nut, holding it in a vice. After this, the outer glass is loosened with a rubber mallet; it should come out of the seat ring at the base of the jack. Immediately next to the plunger lever there is a hole for collecting the working fluid. The whole problem lies here: the glass is not completely filled and therefore, when upside down, the hole does not come into contact with the oil. To eliminate this, you need to tightly press a tube into it, almost the entire height of the glass.
If you do not redo the jack, you will have to implement more complex mechanism with an additional third beam. It should slide along the side guide posts and have a tight enough fit so that the jack does not move when pressure is pumped up. In our case, the jack is simply attached in an inverted position to the center of the upper beam. There is no need for massive bolts here; it is enough to make a couple of holes in the jack’s support plate and ensure fixation with M10 or M8 bolts that can withstand the weight of the jack itself and a slight shear force on initial stage compression.
Manufacturing of clamping pads
The jack rod is not very convenient to use; it usually requires an increased area of compressing headstocks to use a wide range of molds and work with large parts. In this case, the force must be distributed evenly over the entire area of the compressed surfaces, without causing deformation.
In the simplest case, short, solid ingots can act as clamping blocks. It is enough to simply make blind holes with threads for fixing them to the main structure of the press. But these kinds of parts are not always available to the average person, so we offer the option of making our own headstocks that can withstand significant compression forces without harm.
The top headstock must be able to be integrally fastened with the jack rod, which prevents shifting during operation. Simply put, a blind hole should be made in the headstock into which the heel of the jack will fit with minimal clearance. You will also need a pair of holes for attaching the return mechanism springs.
Both headstocks can be made from two sections of channel or four pieces of angle, forming a parallelepiped with open side edges. Seams on the planes through which the axis of the main working force passes should be welded with a continuous seam from the inside, the rest - from the outside. One of the faces is blanked with a square insert, after which the internal cavity is filled with sand concrete grade 500. After hardening, the headstock is welded on the other side, so two incompressible blocks are obtained.
To fit it on the jack, it is enough to weld a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter in the upper part of the headstock, which will act as a casing for the glass. For even greater reliability, a washer with a hole for the heel of the rod is attached to the bottom of the sleeve. The headstock can simply be placed on an adjustable beam, but it is better to weld a couple of corners or steel rods to limit the shift.
Adjustable support beam
As you already know, the lower beam must have a cross-section no smaller than that of the upper one, but it differs in design. Support table It is made of two channels, with the ribs facing outwards, which are placed on opposite sides of the racks and welded in the central part with inserts from angle or thick reinforcement. There is free space along the center of the beam, which explains the need to make the bottom support block. The latter should rest on at least half the width of each shelf; the shear stops are welded in the center of the lower part.
The best option for fixing the beam to the racks is with the help of massive steel pins. To do this, a number of round cuts should be made in the vertical channels of the frame different heights with parallel arrangement. As you understand, the diameter of the pins cannot be less than the total cross-section of all the bolts used to fasten the upper part of the frame.
Return mechanism
The last part of the homemade press design is a spring mechanism that will fold the jack when the bypass valve is open. For this purpose, ordinary springs for finishing doors are suitable, which can be purchased in unlimited quantities at any hardware store.
The task is complicated when using an upper headstock, the significant dead weight of which will not allow the springs to compress. Alternatively, you can increase the number of springs to four or six, or use more powerful extension springs for the gate.
If there is no upper block, it is necessary to secure the springs to the jack rod. To do this, you will need a washer, the internal hole of which is larger than the rod adjusting screw, but smaller than the diameter of the piston. The spring is attached to it through two small holes along the edges and fixed to the top beam in the same way or on welded hooks. It is not necessary to position the spring strictly vertically; you can compensate for the excess length with an inclined position.
