A movable and simpler stationary crane beam in the garage with your own hands is quite doable if you have it welding machine and two days of free time. For a professional auto repair shop, it is easier to buy ready-made lifting equipment.
If the need for a crane is rare, then it is cheaper to make a simple and reliable lift yourself. Such a homemade crane can easily lift a weight of up to 800 kg, and this is for repair work It's enough in the garage.
In order to make a frame for a small beam crane in a standard garage with your own hands, you will need the following materials:
- I-beam (4 - 4.5 meters) - the required footage depends on the height of the garage;
- pipe (diameter 10-12 cm), length 2.4 meters - 2 pieces;
- one square pipe (10x10 cm);
- corners (10x10);
- manual hoist and hoist;
- bolts (M16) with nuts.
If you plan to build a mobile crane beam, then you need four more rollers and a hoist.
The procedure for making a crane frame with your own hands:
- We weld the legs of the crane - you need to weld the corners on both sides to the I-beam pipe;
- The location of the corner is at an angle of 45 degrees. The result is a kind of stiffening ribs that will firmly fix the stand, which bears the bulk of the weight of the load carried by the crane;
- We weld two triangles and spacers on each crane post.
- if the crane is a mobile beam, then on both sides from the bottom, on each stand, a roller must be welded horizontally - ordinary rollers are suitable for metal containers, furniture will not withstand the weight;
- on top, as a crossbar, we fix the pipe along which it will move lifting mechanism;
- We weld an I-beam in the center of the pipe to secure the roller along which it will move. steel rope crane lifting mechanism.
- We weld a piece of square pipe on top of the I-beam (to give rigidity to the frame) - 40 cm. The pipe should protrude on both sides by at least 20 cm. It turns out that the side post is located in the middle of the crossbar stiffening pipe;
- V square pipe insert the transverse pipe of the frame crossbar;
- drill through holes under the fastening bolts on both sides of the square holder and in the crossbar pipe itself - you need rigid, reliable fixation on both sides of the vertical post.
The result is a U-shaped structure of the crane frame, which is installed on rigid legs with spacers, and a crossbar pipe is rigidly bolted to the top.
Installation of lifting mechanism - manual or automatic
To mechanically lift loads onto the frame, you need to install a manual hoist - a worm winch and a cable. How to attach the hoist to the frame:
- on the side of the rack we install a manual worm winch (load capacity 800 kg, no less);
- The steel cable moves along rollers.
This mechanism makes it easy to lift the engine or a car behind the hood on one side.
You can use the lifting mechanism and rollers from the elevator door as a drive. The rollers there are reliable and durable.
An electric lift drive can also be installed on the manufactured base. A 300 - 500 W motor will be quite enough for simple repair work in the garage.
Such cranes are often used for the repair and reconstruction of old wooden houses. The construction of a log house will go faster if the logs are laid using a mobile homemade crane. In this case, the width of the frame is the length of the logs.
You can also make a simpler lift for the engine, on one support, watch the video.
Winch – indispensable device, how in household, and in the garage. Lift a roll of roofing felt onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the second floor window of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the hood, and drag the broken car itself into the garage... This is an incomplete list of tasks that can easily be done alone with its help.
Adaptations drum type for lifting or moving heavy objects, they differ in the way they transmit torque. From our school physics course we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance, we gain in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth upside down” precisely describes the principle of operation of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the support points are the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A manual winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift weights of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from a mechanical point of view) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. The entire load falls on it, and on the fastening. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In mesh with the main one, there is a small driving gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, gain. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since we are talking about hand tools– a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the handle arm, the less effort you need to apply.
By using similar devices you can single-handedly lift several centners of cargo or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals – proportional reduction in speed. Having such a winch, you can slowly vertically lift loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
Homemade winch (telpher, hoist). How to make a lifting mechanism for a garage, workshop, construction site.
Many home craftsmen would like to have some kind of lifting mechanism, such as a hoist, hoist or winch, in their garage or workshop. Of course, you can buy them ready-made, but they are usually not very cheap - several thousand rubles. And they are not often on sale. Automotive rescue lever winches available in almost any store cannot be used for lifting loads. Because their stoppers are made with ratchet mechanism. But it only works well in one direction. It is easy to lift a load with such a winch. But lowering it smoothly is problematic. When independently manufacturing hoists or winches, the master is faced with the problem of where to get a powerful, reliable gearbox (with a gear ratio of at least 1:20 - 50) and always with a self-braking effect. As a rule, these are powerful worm gearboxes and they don’t often fall into the hands of a master.
Meanwhile, almost anyone can make a homemade winch or hoist, and, as they say, from scrap materials. Threaded rods up to 2 meters long are available for sale. And it can serve as an excellent gearbox for a homemade lifting mechanism.
The design of such a winch is clear from the sketches. The principle of operation of the winch is simple. If you rotate the threaded rod itself, and the nut on this stud is not allowed to rotate, then the nut will move along the stud. The force during this movement is much greater than that required to rotate the pin (all work on the same principle screw jacks, the increase in force there reaches 20-30 times the magnitude).
The ends of the stud are fixed in bearings, which in turn are installed in supports. A stud nut is a rectangular metal plate to which regular nuts are welded. The plate prevents the nuts from turning. A cable is also attached to the plate. The cable is passed through one of the supports and thrown over the block. At the other end of the cable is a lifting hook or sling system (this depends on the purpose of the lifting winch).
The pin drive is easiest done manually. To do this, a pulley or gear is attached to one of its ends. (you can, for example, even use a bicycle). A strong cord or chain is thrown through a pulley or gear in an endless loop. If you pull on one side or the other of the cord, the pin will rotate and the nut will move along the pin. Accordingly, there will be a cable behind you, and the load will either fall or rise. The self-braking of the mechanism is absolute; no force on the nut will force the pin to rotate. Most likely, the whole thread will break off.
Of course, you can also make an electric drive using any reversible electric motor with a power of 200-500 W. It is convenient to use, for example, some inexpensive electric drill with rotation direction switch. Nowadays there are many such drills available for sale. The electric drive can be made either directly or through an additional pulley or flexible shaft.
Such a homemade winch can lift a weight of several hundred kilograms. In most cases this is sufficient for household needs. The length of the stud, or rather the ability to move the nut along it, determines the lifting height (in the simplest version of this homemade hoist). If you take a 2 meter long hairpin, then this height will be approximately 170-180 cm, which in the vast majority of cases is more than enough for a home workshop or garage. However, it is not difficult to increase the lifting height using simple techniques.
The support (base) for such a winch can be made from durable dry wooden beam or thick board. Although of course it is better to use metallic profile or channel. All connections are made by checking or using bolts. It all depends on the purpose and capabilities of the master. It is not difficult to organize the movement of this hoist under the ceiling. For example, using some kind of T-beam placed in the center of the workshop. And install the caliper itself on the beam so that it can rotate around its center. Then almost any point in the garage or workshop will be accessible. A similar result can, of course, be achieved with the help of various blocks, it would be possible to attach it to something. Of course, the floor beams of the building must also be designed for additional load.
Based on similar homemade winches, you can make a homemade one crane. This will require at least two of these winches. It is most convenient to place them in the crane boom. One of the winches will lift the boom itself (change its angle of inclination), and the second will lift the load itself. Of course, you shouldn’t forget about the counterweight.
The simplicity and accessibility of such a homemade winch opens up quite a wide scope for its use in a home workshop, garage or construction site.
Konstantin Timoshenko
A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. Hoists can be manually or electrically driven. At electric drive An electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. Manual hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.
Most a good decision To lift the load and work with it at height, a manual gear hoist is used. This mechanism is designed for raising and lowering loads of various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is driven manually. This does not require an energy source. A person who does not have much strength can operate a manual chain hoist.
The operating principle of a chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as a stand-alone lift or as part of a crane beam structure. The hoist can be mobile, lever or stationary.
To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be located directly next to the load. Thanks to the rotating casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also unfolded for more comfortable work with him.
The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, loads can be moved in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a telpher.
How does a chain hoist work?
A chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. The lower block has a chain sprocket, and the upper block two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that the load is lifted more efficiently.
In addition, we should not forget about increasing the efficiency of the hoist due to the block system.
Advantage of chain hoist:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.
ABOUT chain hoists can be found on the website stropu71.ru.
Here you can also purchase cable slings and other lifting mechanisms and accessories for them. The Partner StroyServis company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.
The movement mechanisms of hoists, the load capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a driven and idle trolley, and a traverse. Using the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.
The hoist trolleys are attached to the traverse using vertical-type hinge pins. This design ensures a turning angle of the trolley of 15-18 degrees.
Thanks to the hinged design (guide rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along paths that have a minimum radius of curvature.
Due to the low-mounted electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes small switches.
The monorail mechanism for moving electric hoists is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.
The movement mechanisms of normal-sized hoists are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. The motor is mounted on one side via a flange. The connection between the motor shaft and the primary gear is realized through the use of a reduction attachment.
A hoist with a movement mechanism of reduced size is characterized by a different type of design. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two driven).
On devices with low load capacity and low lifting height, only 1 trolley is provided. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body using a frame.
For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and hinged (special bolt).
Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving electric hoists
The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted to fix the unit for moving the load along a horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double-rail tracks. Clamps can be of the following types:
- Rigid (hinged) – for a normal-sized movement mechanism. Pulley hoist 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows electric hoist with one trolley.
- Hinged (Fig. 4B I) – lifting device not rigidly fixed around the axle and road wheels.
- Swinging or semi-hinged - the lifting mechanism swings. In Fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.
- Non-jointed 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is mounted on the side of the rail track. This design allows you to save useful space.
- Lifting mechanism with a unit for moving along a double-rail track. Fig 6.
Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes Electrical engine(2), gearbox (3), driving block (4), driven block (5).