Most of the work related to the development and installation of water supply systems requires certain experience and a clear understanding of the specifics of the operation of the water supply system based on artesian well. But even in this not an easy task There are many individual elements and assemblies that you can easily install with your own hands. For example, connect a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch to the pump. The complexity of such work is minimal; installing a hydraulic accumulator for water supply systems does not require special skills or knowledge of electrical installation; you will need the attitude to conscientiously carry out the installation yourself and a competent water supply scheme.
What and how needs to be adjusted in a system with a pump and accumulator
There are three classic version layout of pumping and accumulator equipment for a well:
- In the first case, a submersible pump is used, located in the well under a layer of water of 1-2 meters; the automation, filter and hydraulic accumulator can be located in a caisson at the well head, but with the same success, installation for all equipment can be done in basement Houses;
- In the second case, a surface pumping system and a hydraulic accumulator are used, which does not have pressure capabilities. submersible units, so they try to place them as close as possible to the well and water level. Most often, a pump with a water pressure switch and the hydraulic accumulator itself are mounted in the caisson;
- In the third option, also called the dacha-garden option, water from the well is lifted by a surface pumping unit or a simple vibrating “Baby” into a huge capacity water tank. Water can be supplied to the home water supply without using additional pumping device, only natural pressure of the water column, water the beds and refill Summer shower, wash equipment, in general, use the installation at your own discretion.
For your information! In any case, before setting up the accumulator pressure switch, you will need to correctly calculate the required water pressure in the house, taking into account the requirements household appliances and the existing height difference between the pump level and maximum point water intake in the house, most often this is the air discharge valve of the heating system.
Sequence of work when installing a hydraulic accumulator with your own hands
Immediately after drilling the well and determining the flow rate, they begin its arrangement. Based on the depth of the aquifer and the degree of its contamination with salts and sand, a decision is made on the method of designing the head, where it is necessary to install the pump, and which option pumping system and pumped storage installation fits better Total.
Installation of a hydraulic accumulator paired with a submersible pump
A submersible pumping unit has always had a lot of advantages, but the more powerful and advanced the pump, the larger the volume of the pumped storage unit must be used to compensate for pulsation and water hammer. Therefore, when choosing an installation scheme for pumping equipment and a hydraulic accumulator device, the system parameters were sequentially determined:
- Required pressure and water flow to ensure normal water supply to the house, taking into account the depth of the well and the distance from the head of the house;
- What pump power and hydraulic accumulator tank volume will ensure the necessary performance and smooth operation of water supply systems;
- Where to locate the main components of the water supply system equipment: pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation and filters.
For your information! To ensure the operation of expensive and powerful pumping systems of Danish, German and Italian manufacturers Most often, hydraulic accumulators from 50 to 100 liters are used, which are installed in a designated area of the basement or ground floor.
The high pressure and pressure of “European” models make it possible to install pumped storage units at a considerable distance from the well, even if the building has a second floor and household appliances that require increased pressure water in the water supply system.
Standard piping connections are shown in the diagram.
This option of installing a hydraulic accumulator in a water supply system provides a number of significant advantages:
- A well-ventilated and partially heated room allows you to prevent condensation on the surface of the hydraulic accumulator and electrical automation systems;
- It is convenient to maintain the hydraulic accumulator tank and filter, according to existing standards it is recommended to check the readings of the pressure gauge in the air chamber of the battery cylinder and the settings of the pressure switch for the hydraulic accumulator at least once every two to three months;
- If necessary, you can drain water from the water supply system directly into a reserve tank or into the sewer system.
Important! Installation of a pumped storage device in a separate room requires that polypropylene pipes be laid in the ground to a depth of at least the freezing depth with a slope towards the well of at least 2°. This will ensure that air bubbles escape to the filter and the connection point of the hydraulic storage tank.
The basis for building such a water supply system unit is a hydraulic accumulator tank, most often vertical on supports. A five-pin fitting is screwed into the bottom of the tank, through which the pump line, outlet line, pressure switch sensor and pressure gauge are connected. The pump line from the well to the hydraulic accumulator is most often made of polypropylene pipe. In small water supply systems, connections can be made with flexible hoses, and the relay and filter are usually located on a special mount at a height of at least a meter above the floor.
The disadvantages of such schemes include the sensitivity of submersible pumping systems to a high content of sand and salts. The check valve in submersible systems is most often located at the outlet of the pump at great depth. After a certain amount of water rises, the sand remaining in the outlet pipe slowly settles, sinking to a depth, and gradually accumulates on the body of the check valve and gets inside the device, which leads to failure of the expensive unit.
For domestic submersible pumps of the “Vodomet” type, installation can be carried out in a caisson or head well. Most often, this scheme is used for low-power pumping systems, with a shallow aquifer.
In the photo you can see the classic correct option installation of a submersible pumping system and a hydraulic accumulator in a well.
The output from the well neck is supplied to the filter, then to the hydraulic accumulator, and only after that to the pressure switch of the submersible pump. Output from the well to the filter and hydraulic accumulator is completed flexible hose, all other fittings are soldered from plastic pipes. What does such a scheme provide? This installation allows you to supply sand-free water to the hydraulic accumulator and relay.
By connecting the system to the water main through a filter, the reliability of the automation is significantly increased. The relay must be as free from dirt and sand as possible, otherwise after a couple of months there will be interruptions in operation.
In the central part of the outlet line running from the pressure switch to the inlet plumbing system At home, there is a ball valve with a tee, which allows you to solve a rather difficult question: how to drain water when adjusting the response pressure of the automation relay.
For large differences height, or if the water in the well is of very low quality, install additional pumped storage devices with volume separation clean water And process water. The system consists of two hydraulic accumulators and a clean water tank. Included with the pump in the well, a hydraulic accumulator-storage unit for untreated water is standardly installed, from which the liquid, through a filter of dirt and neutralization of suspended matter, enters the inlet of a vortex pump, which pumps water through membrane filters into a hydraulic accumulator for clean water, located in the house or basement. Water is taken from the tank and sent to the point of use in the water supply system by a conventional network pump.
The pumping device that takes untreated water from the well must be as insensitive as possible to the content of hard salts and clay suspension in artesian water.
Easy installation of a hydraulic accumulator with a surface pump
It is best for these purposes to install a properly configured centrifugal pump with an ejector and a small accumulator. The first hydraulic accumulator will not be used as a backup source of water, so you can limit yourself to a small membrane model of 10-12 liters.
There are no special differences in the use and installation of a hydraulic accumulator with surface pump no, except that:
- The hydraulic accumulator and pressure switch should be installed as close to the pump as possible;
- There must be a filter and a check valve between the centrifugal pump and the hydraulic accumulator, otherwise every time you turn on the water tap you will get a mixture of air and water with noise and vibration.
Country and garden option for installing a hydraulic accumulator
The dacha and garden option, for all its primitiveness, allows for very rational use of the capabilities of pumps with high consumption water and get by minimum size hydraulic accumulator.
The advantages of the pump installation option shown in the photo are obvious. Firstly, there is no need to install a large and expensive hydraulic accumulator, which does not always make sense to purchase for the needs of a summer house. Secondly, the relay on the pump can be connected with a flexible hose to the point where water is taken from the tank and adjusted to a minimum of 0.1 and 0.2 atm off and on, respectively. In some cases, the pressure switch-membrane is replaced with an electromechanical timer, which allows a certain volume of water to be pumped out of a well or borehole at a programmed period of time.
Conclusion
All of the listed options for installing a hydraulic accumulator have been tested in practice and have proven their reliability. If the water quality in your estate or private home leaves much to be desired, use the pump method given in the article with two hydraulic accumulators and a membrane filter for water purification. Most branded hydraulic accumulators have a certified rubber casing, in which you can store a supply of purified water for a long time. drinking water. For technical needs, you can use a regular tank, described in the last subsection, complete with a small and cheap vortex pump.
For continuous quality work often in dachas and private houses without centralized water supply use hydraulic accumulators with submersible pumps. Next we will talk about the advantages of using a hydraulic accumulator.
For recognition, hydraulic accumulators have different colors: red ones are for heating; blue - for cold and hot water supply.
The hydraulic accumulator is metal container divided into two conventional parts by a membrane: a diaphragm or a cylinder.
Hydraulic tanks with a diaphragm membrane consist of:
Hydraulic tanks with a balloon-type membrane consist of:
Hydraulic tanks are designed for:
- cold water supply;
- hot water supply;
- heating systems.
There are horizontal and vertical hydraulic accumulators.
More often for country houses Vertical hydraulic tanks are used. They have legs, as well as a special mount on the body for hanging on the wall. They take up little space. 
Horizontal hydraulic tanks are most often used in pumping stations with external pumps. In this case, the pump is installed on the tank, which saves a lot of space.
A hydraulic accumulator with a membrane has a longer service life than a galvanized steel hydraulic tank
Is a hydraulic accumulator necessary for a submersible pump?
If the accumulator is not installed, the pump will turn on constantly as soon as the tap is opened. In this regard, the likelihood of water hammer increases. Water hammer is formed by an abrupt increase in pressure, which appears due to frequent inclusions.
Therefore, the importance of the hydraulic accumulator is obvious. The hydraulic accumulator has several names; it is called a hydraulic tank, expansion tank or membrane tank.
Normal pressure in the accumulator is from 1.4 to 2.8 atm. The pressure in the system must exceed the pressure of the tank by 0.1 atm. If you need to calculate on your own what pressure in the accumulator needs to be adjusted, then use the following formula:
Hydraulic tank pressure = (Maximum disassembly point height +6) / 10
Connection diagram for hydraulic accumulator
The water supply system includes: a pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a pressure switch, a check valve, steam valves, a filter system, a pressure gauge, a pipeline, and, of course, electrical power.
The check valve allows water to accumulate in the hydraulic tank from the submersible pump.
Installed on the pump before connecting the entire accumulator circuit in the following sequence:
- We lower the pump into the well;
- It is necessary to secure the safety rope that holds the pump;
- We connect all the elements of the circuit using a five-pin fitting;
- It is necessary to configure the pressure switch.
Pressure switch
Pressure switch plays important role in the operation of the hydraulic accumulator, as well as the entire home system. For efficiency and correct operation of the relay, it is necessary to configure it.
To do this you need:
The water supply diagram with a submersible pump and a hydraulic accumulator, after connection, works like this:
How often your pump will turn on directly depends on the volume of the accumulator. Remember to take this into account when choosing a container.
Connection diagram for several hydraulic accumulators to a submersible pump
If, when using a hydraulic accumulator, you need another capacity to store water, then it is possible to install several more hydraulic tanks in parallel, of a suitable volume for you. 
The second and subsequent tanks are connected simply using a screwed-in tee. A pump (five-pin fitting) is connected to one input, and a new hydraulic tank is connected to the other.
When connecting several hydraulic accumulators, there is no need to reconfigure the system.
Also greatest number hydraulic tanks will extend the life of your pump, because it will have to be turned on less often.
Quite often in private houses and dachas in the absence centralized water supply Submersible pumps are used.
Due to their advantages, their use has become widespread and they are quite popular.
But in order to achieve high-quality and uninterrupted operation, you should connect them correctly. After all, these devices are important node for water supply and they contain compressed air and water, which are separated by a membrane.
Hydraulic tank design
The presence of a hydraulic accumulator is required in cases where water pressure decreases.
If this happens, the pump turns on, pumps the required volume of water into the accumulator, and then turns off.
This device is also capable of providing the system with water in cases where the pump is damaged or there are problems with electricity.
The hydraulic accumulator consists of the following components:
- membrane;
- body with legs;
- nipple with protective cover.
Advantages
Like any other device, a hydraulic accumulator has its advantages and disadvantages.
The first include its large capacity, which, depending on the model, ranges from 5 to 100 liters. So it is quite possible to store water in it.
Also, its cost is quite objective and accessible to all segments of the population. For example, if the price of a hydraulic accumulator is approximately 15 thousand rubles, then its plastic analogue for 3 liters costs no more than 4 thousand rubles.
The presence of this device makes it possible to always maintain the required pressure at which they can work. Appliances water supply In addition, the use of a hydraulic accumulator allows you to increase the durability of the pump, since the frequency of its switching off and switching on is reduced.
How to connect
Relay settings
Pressure switch device One of the the most important stages connection is correct setting.
Although at first glance this procedure seems quite simple, setting it up properly requires some knowledge.
All rules must also be followed. Having opened the pressure switch, you will see that under the cover there are only two nuts and the same number of springs, which, according to the instructions, are required to set the value at which the well pump turns on.
Specialist's note: To adjust the pressure difference, a smaller pair of screws should be used, while a larger pair is required to turn on this mechanism. In addition, it is also used to configure the smaller pair.
For the smooth functioning of the entire system, the difference between turning on and off should be equal to 2 atmospheres. When making settings, you need to remember that this should be done in the right sequence.
If the pressure is working, the pump turns off. In this case, the nut installed on the lower spring rotates in the decreasing direction to the point of its operation.
In addition, you should open the tap to drain the existing water from the system. When doing this, you need to use a pressure gauge to control the pressure at which the pump turns on. The value of the nut of the large pair should be set to the lower limit, and the small pair should be adjusted to the previously set value.
As we can see from what was written above, connecting a hydraulic accumulator to a pump is a fairly simple procedure, provided that everything is done according to the instructions. It can be produced independently in a fairly short period of time.
Watch the video in which a specialist explains in detail how to connect a hydraulic accumulator to submersible pump:
For home autonomous water supply It is important to ensure stable pressure in the network. This will reduce inefficient pump operation. Also, when you open the tap, water will flow immediately, without any delay.
Water hammer should not be allowed to occur in the water supply system. Such phenomena destroy not only the water supply system, but also adjacent units, for example, the boiler heat exchanger, or damage dishwashers. To get rid of any negative factors, you need to know how to connect a hydraulic accumulator to a submersible pump.
Hydraulic accumulator design
As a rule, the exterior of these devices is painted blue or a light blue tint to distinguish it from expansion tanks that have a red outer surface. Components hydraulic device are the following elements:
- metal body;
- membrane made of rubberized material;
- a lid with a valve for filling the cavity with liquid;
- nipple assembly used for injection compressed air;
- legs with holes for mounting bolts to ensure stability on a level platform.
Hydraulic accumulators are usually called metal hollow vessels that have a membrane inside, fixed to inside housings. It is a water storage device. The membrane cavity is filled either clean air, or a mixture of inert gases. To know how to choose the right hydraulic accumulator for a well and water supply, you need to consider that the operating pressure inside the filled membrane is about 1.5 atm. This value is maintained throughout the entire period of operation of the device.
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Design diagram
Before connecting the hydraulic accumulator to the system, it is filled with inert gas or just air. This operation is performed using a standard automobile pump. If there is a pumping of the value, then it is enough to bleed off excess air through the nipple.
When water enters the tank, the bulb is prevented from bursting. It also helps regulate systemic pressure.
There are three most popular groups of hydraulic accumulators:
- Cold. Used on highways with cold water. Works effectively in protecting against wear and during smoothing out water hammer.
- Hot. Performs all the same functions as cold, but is able to withstand aggressive temperature environments.
- For heating. This type is only relevant in heating systems closed type.
Battery performance
The hydraulic accumulator connection diagram includes a chain of a water supply pump, a main pipeline and the fluid accumulator itself. Water is supplied directly into the rubber membrane located in the cavity metal product. The procedure stops after achieving parity in pressure values.
As a rule, the values on the pressure gauge in such a situation are 1-3 atm. Having entered the generator operating mode, the automation turns off the pump.
When a consumer opens a tap or starts a dishwasher, the water accumulated in the accumulator cavity moves into the water supply system, since the pressure there has become less than in the accumulator. This happens gradually, and at the stage when the pressure level in the cavity has reached a certain set point (the setting is made by the manufacturer or consumer of the product), the relay is turned on, connecting the makeup water pump. Through it, the membrane is again filled with water. Such cycles occur almost constantly. Before setting up the accumulator and relay, you should read the detailed instructions.
Interested in how to properly connect a hydraulic accumulator for water supply, many forget about the importance of its volume. The larger size of the tank allows you to use the pump less often, because with low water flow rates there is no refilling every time. The pressure difference between the maximum and minimum values is quite large.
Application of surface pump
To know how to properly install a hydraulic accumulator in a water supply system, it is worth studying the step-by-step auxiliary instructions:
- It all starts with checking the air pressure inside the gas cavity in the battery. The value must be brought to such a figure that it is 0.2...1.0 less than the minimum set by the relay manufacturer.
- Work is being done with a fitting that has 5 outputs, since the hydraulic accumulator will need to be connected to a pressure gauge, relay, and pump. The last exit is relevant for connecting a water pipe.
- The fitting allocated for the procedure is connected to the tank. To do this, you will need a rigid hose that has an air bypass valve in its design.
- We tighten the remaining devices with the necessary force so as not to break the threads.
After installation, the module must be tested under high pressure to identify possible leaks in connections.
Before setting up the hydraulic accumulator and connecting the relay responsible for regulating the pressure to it, you will need to familiarize yourself with the installation marks on the latter. The contacts are labeled “network” and “pump”. It is undesirable to make mistakes with the electrical connection, so as not to damage the unit.
Since the vessel operates under high pressure, it is necessary to maintain maximum sealing in all threaded connections. For this purpose, the use of FUM tape or the use of technical flax is suitable. They are capable of maintaining a connection up to several atmospheres, which is typical for household hydraulic systems.
Model selection
There are models of household hydraulic accumulators on sale from 24 liters to 1000 liters. You need to start from what fluid flow needs to be provided, as well as whether the system is used for irrigation.
As a rule, a capacity of 24 is enough for the needs of two people. The kitchen, toilet and watering are taken into account small area. For increased requirements, it is recommended to use cavities of 50 liters. In this case, the number of consumers is calculated. The container can be changed at any convenient time to a larger one, because the connecting nodes of most models have the same thread parameters.
Use of pumping stations
If it is not possible to collect individual elements in the chain, you can purchase a pumping station. This is a fully assembled unit, which includes:
- surface centrifugal pump;
- pressure meter;
- automatic relay.
When connecting the hydraulic accumulator, it is necessary to completely de-energize the equipment. The operating pressure is 2-2.5 atm, after injection of which it is necessary to check the equipment for leaks and proper switching.
Why do we need another hydraulic accumulator?
An additional hydraulic accumulator provides the most optimal mode work. The fact is that a centrifugal pump, like any other, when turned on more than 6-7 times a minute, fails 3-4 times faster. The built-in hydraulic accumulator is designed to equalize the difference in pressure between the unit being turned on and off, while the additional one will compensate for the difference, stabilize the operation of the equipment when turned on frequently and increase the pressure in the system.
Vertical or horizontal?
The design of both vertical and horizontal hydraulic accumulators is absolutely identical, so the choice of any of them is a purely personal matter. Which one fits certain conditions, that's what needs to be installed. With a small amount of free space, vertical is preferable.
Where do you buy pumps, pumping stations and components?
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All elements necessary for water supply are sold in construction and specialized stores. It is also fashionable to order them online, but carefully check the performance of the equipment.
Be sure to obtain a warranty. Complex instruments, including surface and deep well pumps, often fails for reasons beyond the control of the consumer.
VIDEO: Why is there a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply system?
For lifting water from a well or well, as well as for its further transportation through pipes autonomous system water supply country house or dachas can be used pump equipment various types. Quite often, a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator or an installation equipped with a hydraulic tank is used for these purposes.
Pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator, which differ more complex design, if we compare them with devices without a hydraulic tank, in addition to the stability of the pressure of the liquid medium transported by them through the pipeline, they are able to ensure uninterrupted supply for some time even in cases where the pump itself does not work due to a breakdown or failure in the power supply network.
Operating principle of pumping stations with a hydraulic tank
A pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator, used for pumping water from an underground source and further transporting water through a pipeline, is a whole complex technical devices, the main one of which is the water pump.
The operating principle of a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator is as follows.
- Through a hose placed in a well or well, equipped with a filter rough cleaning And check valve, water is pumped out from an underground source and sent to a hydraulic accumulator. A hydraulic tank, which is a container with a membrane that separates the liquid and air media in it, is responsible for the cycles of turning pumping equipment on and off.
- Water enters the accumulator until the membrane is fully tensioned, on the other side of which there is half a container with air pumped under a certain pressure.
- As soon as the half of the hydraulic tank into which water flows is filled to capacity, the pump station pressure switch automatically turns off the pump.
- After water from the hydraulic accumulator begins to flow into the pipeline system, the fluid pressure in the hydraulic tank drops to a critical value, and the pressure switch sends a signal to turn on the pump.
Depending on the number of people living in the house for which the pumping station is used for water supply, the hydraulic accumulator capacity is selected in the range from 20 to 500 liters or even more.
Advantages and disadvantages of pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator
If we talk about the advantages that a pump with a hydraulic accumulator has, the most significant of them usually include the following.
- In water pipelines served by pumping stations with a hydraulic accumulator, which is always filled, a constant availability of water is ensured.
- Hydraulic accumulator for pumping station, main structural element which is a membrane that creates the required pressure of the liquid medium in the system, ensures the supply of water to the pipeline even in cases where the pump is not functioning. However, water will flow into the pipeline when the pump is not working until it runs out in the hydraulic tank.
- The use of a hydraulic accumulator eliminates such a negative phenomenon as water hammer in the pipeline system.
- Water pumps operated in conjunction with a hydraulic tank differ more long term services, since they operate in a more gentle mode, turning on only at those moments when the fluid level in the accumulator drops to a critical level.
To provide efficient work pumping station equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, it is very important that the pressure switch installed on it is correctly adjusted.
Among the disadvantages pumping stations with a hydraulic tank, the following can be distinguished.
- It is necessary to allocate a decent area for the installation of such equipment, which is explained by the large dimensions of the accumulator.
- If the pressure switch fails, the site on which such equipment is installed will be flooded with water.
- The design features of the hydraulic tank require regular (once every 2-3 months) bleeding of air from its tank, which ensures the efficient operation of such equipment (the design of the hydraulic accumulator requires the presence of a special valve for this procedure).
Types of hydraulic accumulators for equipping pumping stations
Can be used to equip a pumping station for a home different kinds hydraulic accumulators. Such devices can differ from each other not only in their capacity, but also design. Thus, according to the last parameter, hydraulic accumulators are distinguished into two main types:
- vertical (their design diagram assumes that the valve through which accumulated air is released is located in the upper part of the tank);
- horizontal (to reduce air pressure in the accumulator of this type, use a special tap installed at the back of the tank).
In order to understand how a hydraulic accumulator works, you need to know what such a device consists of. The main design elements of the hydraulic accumulator are:
- a tank, which is made primarily of metal;
- a membrane for the accumulator, which divides its tank into two halves;
- a nipple through which air is pumped into the accumulator;
- the outlet pipe through which the water in the accumulator enters the pipeline system.
The principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator, which necessarily operates in conjunction with a pressure switch, can be described in more detail as follows.
- The water pumped into the tank of the device compresses the membrane, with reverse side in which (in the other half of the tank) there is an air environment characterized by a certain pressure.
- The air pressure in one half of the hydraulic tank acts through a membrane on the water in the second half of the tank, also creating pressure in it that helps squeeze out the liquid medium through the outlet pipe under a certain pressure.
As it becomes clear from the principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator, in a water supply system such a device ensures the maintenance of a constant pressure of the liquid medium.
Pumping stations without membrane tank
Water supply can also be organized using pumping stations without a hydraulic accumulator. If this is used good pump and all necessary automation for a pump, then such equipment is quite capable of transporting water through a pipeline system under constant pressure. The design of a water supply pumping station of this type includes a pump, as well as control devices and control mechanisms that ensure its operation in automatic mode.
The principle of operation of a pumping station, which is not equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, is as follows: when you open the tap at any of the water intake points, sensors and relays installed on such equipment automatically turn on the pump, which begins to pump water directly from an underground source - a well or a well. As soon as the tap is closed, the pump automatically stops working. Thus, the operating principle of these pumping stations is quite simple, which determines both the pros and cons of this equipment.
The advantages of pumping stations that are not equipped with a hydraulic accumulator include their compact size, as well as the fact that they are capable of creating a fluid flow with greater pressure than stations equipped with a hydraulic tank. Among the disadvantages of stations of this type, it should be noted that the pumps in them operate in a more intensive mode and, accordingly, fail much faster than in stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator. In addition, such plants cannot supply water to the pipeline system in cases where there are power outages and the pump stops working.
