Many call frame houses "Canadians", and the frame construction technology itself is Canadian. Indeed, in Canada, frame houses have become widespread, but this technology came there from the Scandinavian Peninsula. Fundamentally, the technology is the same, but different continents, climatic conditions, and, in the end, mentality have given rise to two ways of developing frame technology for constructing wooden houses.
During the settlement of North America by Europeans, frame technology turned out to be the most profitable because wood was the most affordable building material. We can say that it was the available wood that largely determined the rapid development of the territory of modern Canada and the USA. Even today, 200 years later, it remains one of the most popular building materials, but this time due to its high environmental friendliness. Gradually, the Scandinavian traditions of frame house building in America began to change, already forming American traditions. For example, Canadians prefer to live on long and narrow plots and use different finishes and their own designs.
Frame house and plot
Any tradition is always dictated by some circumstances, so blindly copying it often turns out to be pointless. The narrow plots of Canadian private homeowners are not due to their personal preference to live closer to each other, but to the fact that the cost of land in Canada is one of the highest in the world, despite the vastness of this country. For the same reason interlocked ones are not uncommon in Canada wooden houses.
In Sweden, land is also not cheap, but houses are still built at a distance from each other, in the center of the site, because... this is required by the rules in force there fire safety. Most plots square shape and have an area from 600 m² to 1000 m². You can only get closer to neighbors if the walls of the house have an increased fire resistance class. Almost all wooden houses in Sweden are one-story. Despite modern technologies fire-retardant treatment of wood, the Swedes are afraid of fires, although these days large fires are very rare among them.
Houses in Sweden generally do not have basements. Scandinavians would rather build a larger house than build a basement. In the underground there is a ventilated space (60-80 cm, minimum 30 cm). It provides wooden structure reliable waterproofing.
Swedish frame houses rarely do without a garage. However, the garage is not always part of the house. It can be built separately, in front of the entrance itself, and not have heating or insulation. Like a house, a garage is built using frame technology.
Traditions of immigrants
Few people know that today's fashionable integrated spaces originate from the ingenuity of poor Swedish immigrants. Arriving from overseas, the Scandinavians first of all tried to provide themselves with a roof over their heads, and the issue of interior amenities was in the background. However, the idea of combining the lobby, living room, dining room and kitchen turned out to be not so bad. In Canada, the unified layout remains today, although it is now played out somewhat differently.
In Sweden, the lobby is separated, and the meeting place for guests is a large kitchen-dining room.
Foundations frame houses in Canada and Sweden
Depending on the type of soil in both countries, under frame house is laid columnar foundation or foundation slab. On rocky soils, the depth of laying the foundation slab is about 30 cm. Research shows that with good thermal insulation of the floor, low base temperature does not significantly affect heat loss. In any case, it is impractical to blast rock formations in order to lower the foundation. In Canada, the drainage layer under the foundation slab is made of sand, and in Sweden it is made of gravel, believing that sand promotes the capillary rise of moisture and its transfer to concrete.
Construction of external walls
In Canada itself load-bearing structure external walls make up vertical pillars with a diameter of up to 14 cm, connected to beams and braces according to the honeycomb principle. The space between the pillars is filled with insulation, enclosed on both sides in sheathing made of moisture-resistant chipboard or OSB and facade finishing.
In Sweden, for the past 25 years, not pillars have been used for the frame, but wood-composite racks with a side of 23 cm. The walls are insulated with mineral wool, a layer equal to the side of the rack, due to which the heat transfer resistance coefficient is at least 0.2. Scandinavians often act as internal lining use drywall. In combination with external cladding it also gives rigidity to the frame. From the inside, the insulation is protected with a vapor barrier membrane.
Finishing of facades of frame houses and roofing materials
In Canada, it is customary to use the following as facade finishing:- vinyl horizontal siding;
- thin plaster;
- clinker brick.
Non-synthetic finishes are popular in Sweden:
- wooden lining;
- facing brick;
- traditional plasters.
Canadian frame houses predominantly covered with ceramic or bitumen shingles. In Sweden - various types tiles, including cement-sand and metal tiles. Frame houses in Canada have very small overhangs or no overhangs at all, while in Sweden overhangs are rarely less than 60 cm. This is due to the fact that with small overhangs, natural cladding gets very wet and quickly deteriorates, unlike vinyl. Differences in methods of constructing frame houses
The Swedes prefer prefabricated structures, which are delivered to the site in the form of finished house elements. The heaviest of them weighs no more than 400 kg (but more often up to 200 kg), and is mounted without the use of heavy lifting equipment. In Canada, the frame and walls are assembled directly on the construction site. IN finished form Only lumber is supplied. Prefabricated houses are rare in this country.
Architecture and design
Traditional Swedish frame houses do not have outstanding architecture. Most often these are one-story buildings of a large area, sometimes with a residential attic. The distinctive feature of a black Swedish house is the vertically positioned clapboard slats. Facade finishing Swedish houses may consist of several types of cladding, for example, a combination wooden lining and brick. Window frames can have up to three valves, each of which is divided into 4-6 fragments. Window sizes may vary depending on their location. The smallest windows are located on the side of the house where the entrance doors are located. Modern Swedish frame houses are very different in architecture from the archetypal ones. The most daring projects are distinguished by large-scale glazing, non-standard shape and internal layout. These can be two-level rectangular houses with flat roof, some of the walls of which are continuous glazing, open or protected wooden lattice. Swedish houses are characterized by loggias and balconies, verandas and terraces.
Canadian frame houses, buildings of the mid-twentieth century already had complex architecture: one- or two-story, with residential attics, warm garage, verandas and balconies. The premises on the ground floor are different high ceilings(more than 3 m). The windows are large rectangular or square, arched and regular. The roof overhangs have become larger, but at the same time they are not trimmed from below, making it seem as if the roof is “put on” the house. Modern canadian houses They are distinguished by a minimalist design with its characteristic strict lines and the use of extensive glazing.
Prospects for frame housing construction in Ukraine
For Russia, as well as for the Scandinavian countries, the original technology wooden house construction is a log house. Frame technology among the Scandinavians has completely replaced log houses, since over the years of operation of frame houses it has shown their practicality, durability and ease of construction. In addition, for frame house Less solid wood is required - wood-like materials can be used. About 80% of all private housing is built using frame technology in Canada and the USA. Frame houses are being built even in Japan, where high seismic resistance requirements are imposed on buildings.
Huge reserves scaffolding , make frame technology especially beneficial for Russia. Frame houses belong to the category of prefabricated buildings, which makes them attractive to private developers, because not everyone can afford to spend money on building a home. whole year. A frame house is erected over several months by 3-4 people. Construction works can be carried out with negative temperatures, which is especially important in northern regions where summers are very short. Heat-saving properties frame walls with one layer of insulation is several times higher than that of standard stone ones. At the same time, savings on heating can reach up to 300%. The relatively low cost of a frame house also plays an important role. Its weight is 5 times less than that of a stone one, which makes it possible to use a columnar foundation, which is 4-6 times cheaper than a monolithic reinforced concrete one.
This section presents projects of Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which range from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country are built using technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.
Features of Swedish houses
As in all Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden they are built mainly from wood. Natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, V furniture production. Some may be noted character traits Swedish buildings.
- The houses are simple in shape with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer cuisine, the bathhouse is often connected to the main house through closed vestibules.
- Log walls left unfinished, upholstered with boards impregnated special composition, or painted with permanent paints.
- Windows of simple shape with wooden frames, usually white. There is no finishing (unlike our carvings) on them.
The Swedes build log houses from round logs; the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the top log rests tightly on the bottom without any visible gap. In the corners they are connected into a “hexagon”, so the log house looks more neat.
A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut from the outside, but is very different from it from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, heated floors, several autonomous systems heating is a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.
Finished projects with working drawings
We implement standard Swedish-style house designs created by our own architectural bureau. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account during the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:
- description with specification of building materials;
- building masonry and marking plans;
- diagrams and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual components;
- explication of floors, window and door connectors.
At the request of the customer, he prepares an architectural passport necessary to obtain a construction permit. A professionally developed project saves the customer from technical errors, and subsequent “alterations”, despite the fact that its price takes up an insignificant share in the total costs of building a house.
One of the first questions that arises when you think about building a house is what will it be like? After all, you want the house to be not only beautiful, but also cozy and comfortable to live in.
Most likely, you will first try to draw your “ideal layout” yourself. But I’m more than sure that you will very quickly encounter a number of difficulties - how to “shove in what can’t be squeezed in”, how to arrange windows, doors... to make everything so that it is comfortable and beautiful and nothing superfluous.
It is no coincidence that people study to become architects and designers. Everything is not as simple as it seems. Therefore, in my opinion, the best way is to search for a “donor”, a ready-made house project that best suits your desires and requirements.
You will type in Yandex or Google something like “ready-made projects” or “standard projects” and will consider many domestic projects. Perhaps you will find something, or perhaps you will be disappointed.
Why are Scandinavian projects better than Russian ones?
In short, Scandinavian houses are much more thoughtful, rational and comfortable to live in than the vast majority of domestic ones.
Russian projects are very specific. We do not have great experience designing private houses. Village houses were always built “with your own mind,” without “conveniences” and other bourgeois excesses, and professional designers and architects were taught to build large buildings and apartment buildings.
Hence the specificity of domestic projects - the emphasis on catchy appearance, despite the fact that interior layouts often not thought out and made according to an “apartment” model, not taking into account the specifics of a country house and living in it.
The space is not used effectively, there are no extremely useful (and often necessary) utility rooms and so on. But there are many useless halls and corridors. Which waste the space you will pay for during construction.
But behind spectacular facades this is often not noticeable. Understanding comes later, when the house is built, the money is spent, and you understand what should have been done differently.
Once I came across a project for a house of 250 square meters, of which, upon closer examination, about 100 square meters were halls and corridors. That is, in fact, wasted space. But if you take a more rational approach to the use of space, then instead of a house on 250 m2, it would be quite possible to build a house on 180 - with the same set and area of premises that carry some useful function. But in order to make the planning rational, you need to really strain your brain. It is much easier to increase the area and insert a couple of corridors. After all, it is not the designer who will pay for these square meters during construction.
Therefore, in my opinion, it would be more correct to turn to foreign experience. And first of all to the experience of northern Europe and Scandinavia.
Why them?
Because in these countries they know how to count money, they love comfort, but at the same time they do not like to spend too much. The layouts of Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish houses are extremely well thought out. And the climate and related features of the houses are closer to ours than, say, Spanish or Polish houses
All space is used very rationally. Appearance, layout - everything is balanced.
Can I make my own changes to the Scandinavian project?
It is possible, but very carefully. I repeat, most Scandinavian projects have already been thought out to the smallest detail. Therefore, an attempt to independently “redevelop” or change one thing to another may lead to you ending up with a completely different house. And it’s not a fact that it will be as comfortable and beautiful as in the original picture.
Therefore, ideally, you need to look for a project that suits you with minimal changes. Or be very aware of what you are doing and how it will look in reality.
Let me give you a small example. Below is a photo of the “donor” and its implementation with some façade changes.
It would seem like nothing at all. The windows without glazing, the façade board cladding was replaced with siding, the wide white decorative elements were removed, and the porch was slightly reduced in size. It seems like a small thing. But in the end it turned out to be a different house. Not bad - but just different. Not the same as in the picture.
Where can I find a project for a Finnish or Scandinavian house?
There are only two options
Option one - find it in Scandinavia
In Finland and Scandinavia, standard construction is very common, which is carried out by both small firms and large concerns. Such companies usually have catalogs of manufactured houses.
Actually, your task is to study the websites of these companies, see what they offer and choose a Scandinavian or Finnish home for subsequent implementation. Although, to be honest, this cannot be called a project. Rather, it is the appearance and layout from which you can build. So how to buy finished project with all the documentation abroad - quite problematic. But having sketches in hand - the layout and appearance of the house, you can already make a “replica” of this house.
Not all sites have a Russian or English version. Moreover, this version may be “shortened”, so for completeness of information, it is better to look at the original site.
To make it easier to navigate sites, you can use Google's automatic translator (translate.google.com) - just enter the site address in the translation field.
Or use the tips given below in the text.
Option two - search on the Finnish House
We have been working towards this for a long time and have finally made our catalog of Scandinavian and Finnish house designs. Faced with the need to search for a suitable project on several dozen foreign sites, which were also constantly changing, we gradually began to drag projects from Scandinavian sites to ours. And now there are more than 2,500 Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish houses on the Finnish House, with a convenient search according to the main criteria. By the way, when viewing a project in our catalog, pay attention to the “description” tab, there is helpful information and a link to the original project.
- projects of Finnish houses with a sauna - which one? Finnish house no sauna?
- projects of Finnish houses with a garage - after creating the catalog, I was surprised to find that the Finns have quite a lot of such projects
- projects of Finnish houses up to 100 m2 - small houses have their own charm, except for one thing, they turn out to be expensive to build
- projects of Finnish houses made of laminated veneer lumber - by the way, such a house can always be made in a frame version 😉
If you haven’t found your option, try searching in the catalog itself using the search form in the sidebar.
If you like to work with primary sources, below you will find links to Finnish and Scandinavian sites that served as a source of projects for our catalog.
Finnish house designs
Everything related to houses has a root in Finnish talo- which is noticeable even from the names of the companies. For example, Omatalo is one of the largest concerns in Finland and Scandinavia.
Accordingly, on websites, look for sections related to talo in one way or another - usually the directory is hidden under the word talot (houses), talomallistomme, talopaketit, etc. as well as mallistot (collections). Hints: kerros - number of floors, Huoneistoala - living area, Kerrosala - total area.
And it doesn’t matter whether the company builds houses from laminated veneer lumber or frame houses; any project can be adapted to frame technology.
| Company | Catalog |
|---|---|
| http://www.alvsbytalo.fi | http://www.alvsbytalo.fi/talomallistomme |
| http://www.jukkatalo.fi | |
| http://www.kannustalo.fi | http://www.kannustalo.fi/mallistot/index.html |
| http://www.jamera.fi | http://www.jamera.fi/fi/talomallistot/ Also read my |
| http://www.samitalo.fi | http://www.samitalo.fi/fi/mallistot/sami-talo/ |
| http://www.kastelli.fi/ | http://www.kastelli.fi/Talot/ |
| http://www.kreivitalo.fi | http://www.kreivitalo.fi/talomallit/nordland |
| http://www.finnlamelli.fi | http://www.finnlamelli.fi/ rus/models |
| http://www.omatalo.com/ | http://www.omatalo.com/talot/ |
| http://www.herrala.fi/ | http://www.herrala.fi/ talomallisto |
| http://www.jetta-talo.fi | http://www.jetta-talo.fi/talomallisto.html |
| http://www.passivitalo.com | http://www.passiivitalo.com/eliitti/omakotalo.html |
| http://www.aatelitalo.fi | http://www.aatelitalo.fi/aatelitalon+talomallit/ |
| http://www.designtalo.fi/ | http://www.designtalo.fi/fi/talopaketit/ |
| http://www.kontio.fi/ | http://www.kontio.fi/fin/ Hirsitalot.627.html http://www.kontio.fi/fin/ Hirsihuvilat.628.html |
| http://www.lapponiarus.ru/ | http://www.lapponiarus.ru/ catalog.html |
| http://www.lappli.fi | http://www.lappli.fi/fi/talomallistot |
| http://www.jmturku.com | http://www.jmturku.com/index_tiedostot/Page668.htm |
| http://www.sievitalo.fi | http://www.sievitalo.fi/trenditalomallisto/ |
| http://www.hartmankoti.fi | http://hartmankoti.fi/talomallisto/ |
| http://kilpitalot.fi | http://kilpitalot.fi/talomallisto/ |
| http://www.mittavakoti.fi | http://www.mittavakoti.fi/mallisto/talomallisto.html |
| http://www.planiatalo.fi | http://www.planiatalo.fi/fi/mallistot/ |
| http://www.mammuttihirsi.fi | http://www.mammuttikoti.fi/talomallisto/mallisto.html |
| http://honkatalot.ru | http://lumipolar.ru/mallistot |
| http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi | http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi/fi/mallisto/mallihaku.html |
| http://www.kodikas.fi | http://www.kodikas.fi/puutalot#lisatiedot2 |
| http://www.dekotalo.fi | http://www.dekotalo.fi/mallisto/1-kerros/ |
| http://polarhouse.com | http://polarhouse.com/mokit-huvilat/ |
| http://www.callatalo.fi | http://www.callatalo.fi/talomallisto.html |
| http://www.simonselement.fi | http://www.simonselement.fi/models.php?type=1&cat=1 |
Hints - husen (house) planritningar (layout), Vära hus (choose a house)
| Company | Catalog |
|---|---|
| http://www.a-hus.se/ | http://www.a-hus.se/vara-hus |
| http://www.polarhouse.com/ | http://www.polarhouse.com/fi/mallistot/ |
| http://www.vallsjohus.se/ | http://www.vallsjohus.se/? page_id=36 |
| http://www. forsgrenstimmerhus.se/ | http://www. forsgrenstimmerhus.se/sv/hus# start |
| http://www.lbhus.se/ | http://www.lbhus.se/vara-hus. php |
| http://hjaltevadshus.se | http://hjaltevadshus.se/hus/ |
| http://www.st-annahus.se/ | http://www.st-annahus.se/V%C3%A5rahus/1plan/tabid/2256/language/sv-SE/Default.aspx |
| http://www.smalandsvillan.se | http://www.smalandsvillan.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/ |
| http://anebygruppen.se/ | http://anebygruppen.se/vara-hus/ |
| http://www.savsjotrahus.se/ | http://www.savsjotrahus.se/index.php/47-arkitektritade-hus-svartvitt.html |
| http://www.eksjohus.se/ | http://www.eksjohus.se/husmodeller |
| http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/ | http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/vara-hus/ |
| http://www.myresjohus.se/ | http://www.myresjohus.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/ |
| http://www.gotenehus.se/ | http://www.gotenehus.se/hus |
| http://www.hudikhus.se/ | http://www.hudikhus.se/vara-hus |
Norwegian house projects
The architectural features of Swedish buildings are associated primarily with the climate that prevails in this area. A standard Swedish house should protect the family from the constant biting winds in this area, as well as severe frosts during winter. Difficult living conditions mean that house designs that belong to this nation have increased comfort.
Features of Swedish houses
Features of Swedish projects, which involved the use of wood, are as follows:
- Creating a flat treated surface made it possible to improve the contact between the two crowns, which not only simplifies the work, but also improves the thermal insulation of the room. Rounded crowns have a small contact plane, which leads to the need for strong thermal insulation of the seams using special materials. That's why at home Swedish technology better in terms of thermal insulation than other options for using this material.
- In addition to improving the thermal insulation, the strength of the structure also increases significantly. After all flat surface has a large contact area.
- The grooves and bowls of logs in many cases are made not with a round profile, but with a hexagonal one, which made it possible to increase the resistance to deformation. In practice, this means the following: a decrease in deformation leads to greater resistance to the occurrence of house subsidence, which can be called a common occurrence for a structure made of wood. Swedish houses , in addition, due to the good processing of the used building material more resistant to impact high humidity and other negative factors.
- The tradition of creating such houses involves the use of exclusively resinous and coniferous species, which are able to maintain their shape and appearance over a long period of use. This feature is associated with the presence of a large amount of phytoncide in the wood, which disinfects the air. This substance also brings a subtle pine aroma into the room.
(analogues of our gardening partnerships) in Sweden there are several more types country houses for relax. Country houses for temporary residence include villas (villa), cottages (torp), weekend or vacation houses (fritidshus), country houses (lantställe), holiday homes (semesterhus), summer huts (sommarstuga) or just huts (stuga ). There are varieties of such houses as houses for children, garden houses, sports huts near ski resorts, etc. However, Swedish holiday homes are most often divided into villas and holiday homes. These buildings differ in size, level of design and comfort. In addition, the villa implies the possibility year-round residence You can live in it, although in many Swedish countryside holiday homes, all year round.
There are analogues of country houses for holidays in many European countries: in England it is a weekend cottage, in Finland it is a cottage or villa, in France it is Chaumiere (literally a small house under a thatched roof), in Italy it is a second home (Seconda Casa), in Norway it is mountain or forest hut, holiday home (Ferienhaus) in Germany, and in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus - this is a well-known dacha.
Initially, country villas were available only to the wealthy sections of Swedish society. However, since the beginning of the 20th century, after the change of way of life to an industrial one and the mass migration of Swedes to cities, the issue of recuperation and recreation in nature became relevant for the wider public. Rural houses, chalets and cottages that belonged to families or their relatives in the villages began to be used for recreation. The launch of steamship lines across the Stockholm archipelago made it possible to build country houses along their banks, even in places where there were no roads yet. The industrialization of Sweden proceeded rather slowly, and the transformation rural farms and construction of dachas lasted until the 1940-50s. During this period, holiday homes ceased to be called huts or chalets and the term "holiday, vacation or holiday home" began to be used. In modern Sweden, holidays occur mainly in the summer, which is why the term "summer house" is also used.
The rapid development of infrastructure and communications in modern Sweden (a country that spends up to 15% of GDP on the acquisition of advanced technologies and patents around the world) allows you to live with equal comfort both in the city and in the countryside. Therefore, more and more Swedish families are using country houses for permanent residence. (IN Tsarist Russia such domestic summer residents were called “Zimogory”). Good transport accessibility, possibility of remote work, low prices, pure nature and a calm atmosphere make this choice increasingly attractive. Swedish municipalities, following the requirements, create the appropriate infrastructure for electricity and water supply, recycling Wastewater, laying new transport routes, building schools and kindergartens, medical centers.
The external and internal appearance of Swedish (and indeed Scandinavian) houses is determined by traditional Protestant values, which were formulated in 1933 by the Danish writer Axel Sandemose in the novel En fl yktning krysser sitt spor (“The Fugitive Crosses His Trail”, not translated into Russian). These 10 rules are the so-called “Janteloven Law”:
Don't think you're special.
Don't think that you are our equal.
Don't think that you are smarter than us.
Don't imagine that you are better than us.
Don't think you know more than us.
Don't think that you are more important than us.
Don't think that you can do everything.
You shouldn't laugh at us.
Don't think that anyone cares about you.
Don't think you can lecture us.
In short, the life of a Protestant is defined by Christian humility. Not the declared ostentatious humility “only in church,” but the most real one, which determines the course of a person’s thoughts and dictates all his actions. Therefore, the houses of the richest people in Sweden differ only in size and level of design solutions, but not in the presence of gold, Carras marble, tall fences and brutal guards in the decoration, as well as other attributes of “Asian feudal cool”, so well known here in Russia.
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| Regular shipping in the Stockholm archipelago has been established since the mid-1800s. Therefore, the first dachas - country houses began to appear along the banks of the skerries, even in those places where there were no roads yet. These days, most Swedes get to their coastal dachas on yachts or boats. | The summer villa of a large wealthy (aristocratic) family was used as a residence during the summer. This country holiday concept is established in 1883. Such families went out for the summer with a large number of servants who had to take care of everyday matters. Villas of that period were built with a large number of rooms to accommodate both families of servants. and visiting guests. | |
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| Grosshandlarvillan "Big" villa in Sweden represents a special type summer houses, originally built by wealthy people who could buy or rent land in the interior of the Stockholm archipelago. A description from 1934 says that the Grosshandlarvillan combines a rich appearance with low construction costs. Grosshandlarvillan villas were built mainly in the late 1800s and early 1900s. | After a deep and protracted recession in the 1920s and 30s, which led to the collapse of many Swedish companies and banks, the construction of large dachas virtually ceased. After World War II, simplified dacha-cottages replaced villas. The first cottages of this type began to be built back in 1929. | |
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| In 1938, through state-subsidized low interest rates on loans, any Swedish wage earner had the opportunity to build or purchase a summer house outside the city for a vacation closer to nature. | In 1940-50, when many small farms began to close due to population migration to cities, many farmers began to build small country houses with an area of 20-55 m². In the 1950s and 60s, country houses began to be equipped with all the amenities of a city apartment or house. | |
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| It is interesting that already in those years the Swedes used a selective circuit for the home electrical network, where individual lines were protected by a separate electrical “plug” - a fuse. There are 9 “plugs” in this photo, but I have seen shields with 20 plugs. | Old Swedish country houses have been converted to include full bathrooms. Modest, clean and comfortable. | |
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| Certainly, modern bathrooms they look better in Swedish houses. However, the laconicism of Scandinavian design is present even in the most expensive villas. | Even if the house is not equipped with a septic tank, but uses a peat composting toilet, the design of such a bathroom can be modern and aesthetic. | |
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| For more modest summer huts, an outdoor toilet, which is usual for our eyes, is also installed. | But it is not used in such a toilet either. cesspool, as an attribute of the ancient Middle Ages, and the same technology of biological composting is used. | |
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| Some Swedish homes use environmentally friendly faeces-burning toilets based on a catalytic electric burner. | Such toilets are good to use in buildings near water bodies to minimize environmental pollution. By the way, in Sweden (as well as throughout Scandinavia) construction near water is not prohibited. In civilized countries it is well understood that the cleanliness of reservoirs is not determined by the distance from the building to the reservoir, but by the level of environmental awareness of citizens and the use modern methods wastewater treatment. | |
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| Such architectural solutions in the "Modern" style ("Modernism", "Jugend", "Tiffany", "Art Nouveau") end XIX beginning The 20th century was also typical for wealthy Finnish and Russian dachas. | Olnako, if in Finland country houses of that period were perfectly preserved, in the Leningrad region they died en masse during revolutions and wars, and continue to die today from fires, redistribution of property and mismanagement. | |
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| Modern Swedish villas are distinguished by Scandinavian laconic style. | The overwhelming number of modern Scandinavian houses are based frame structure, as the most rational in construction and operation. | |
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| The embodiment of the triumph of a rational approach to psychology country house is an A-shaped krasny construction of a hut house. | Stone country houses in Sweden are mostly preserved old manor houses. The photo shows an example of an extension of a modern winter garden to an ancient stone building. | |
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| The trend of use as summer cottages original old or stylized old buildings without amenities lasted in Sweden until the 1960-70s. (For comparison, there are still lovers of authentic “wild” country holidays in Norway). Nowadays “antiquity” in Sweden can be found perhaps only in external design country houses, and even then infrequently, compared to Norway. | In Sweden there is also more architectural experimentation with modern options architectural styles. | |
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| Minimalism using natural wood texture is a very popular solution for the facades of modern country houses. Larch is most often used, including without any treatment or with treatment with colorless antiseptics, as a result of which the wood acquires the natural color of dead wood over several seasons. | A combination of dark metal and raw wooden surface allows you to fit the building modern forms into the natural environment. | |
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| Another architectural trend in modern Swedish houses is maximum glazing, allowing you to live in the house as an extension of the surrounding landscape. | Increasing the glazing area is also used in the reconstruction of Swedish houses of old traditional construction. | |
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| A variant of a chalet-style house with a loft (a sleeping attic with low ceilings, open to the second light space in the house). Most Swedish country houses are characterized by a large wooden deck that overlooks the surrounding beauty. | An example of a house reconstruction: a new frame floor was erected on an old stone base. | |
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| In the mid-1970s in Sweden large construction companies bought agricultural land and built numerous small dachas in picturesque places. | Common water supply networks were laid to the houses, access roads were built, beaches were improved, and berths for yachts and boats were built. | |
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| Many Swedish dachas are located right next to the water. | On large country estates near the water, on the pier there is only a house for yacht or boat accessories. | |
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| Swedish dacha in the "torp" style - a cottage of a day laborer-tenant. Day labor was abolished by law in Sweden in 1943, but the style of these small traditional Swedish cottages has firmly taken root. Nowadays the term "torp" is sometimes used to refer to inexpensive country houses in Sweden. | A modern execution of a Swedish country house with a loft-attic. | |
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