Timber is lumber that is at least 100 mm in length, width and height. Such construction material widely used for the construction of various objects, starting from frame houses and baths, ending with stairs and decorative elements. Before starting work, it is necessary to calculate the upcoming scale of purchases - this is important step, allowing you to save money and time.
Preparation for calculations
This is easy to do yourself, even without a calculator, using the simple calculations provided below.
Since each side of a 100x100x6000 beam is indicated in millimeters, you need to do a little mathematical manipulation to convert everything into meters:
- 100mm=0.1m;
- 100mm=0.1m;
- 6000mm=6m.
Now you can proceed directly to the calculations.
Mathematical calculations
The volume of lumber is found according to the well-known school curriculum, formula:
V= a* b* c, where a is length, b is width, c is height.
We substitute our data: V=6*0.1*0.1=0.06 kbm
Sellers set a price per cubic meter, and the construction of any object requires accurate knowledge of the amount of material. Therefore, to determine how many wood elements are contained in one cube, we divide its volume by the volume of one beam:
- 1/ V= K;
- K=1/0.06=16.67 pieces.
Remember that during operation, some of the bars will be lost during cutting. Also There may be some flaws in the product, therefore the resulting amount should be multiplied by a factor of 1.3 and rounded up. We will get: 16.67*1.3= 21.671=22 pieces
Let's calculate how many cubes are in one 100x100x6000 beam using the formula. We simply divide the cubic capacity of one bar, calculated in advance, by a cubic meter. The calculation and formula look like this:
- V/1m3;
- 0.06/1=0.06 m3.
If you are planning a large building made of timber, it is recommended to determine how many meters are in one cube. That is, the total volume of purchases. We have already found the amount of material and its volume. All that remains is to substitute the found numbers into the formula:
K* V= T, where K is the piece of timber, V is the volume of one piece, T is the total volume.
22*0.06=1.32m3
Final table of calculations
For convenience, all formulas and settlement transactions present in the calculation table
Determining the purchase price
In order to determine the cost of your future purchase, multiply the total purchase volume by the price per cubic meter.
Formula for calculation:
T* P= TP, where P is the price, TP is the total price.
Let's take as an example a spruce beam 100x100x6000, costing 4800 rubles/m3.
The total volume is 1.32 m3. We multiply it by the price and get the entire cost: TP=1.32*4800=6336 rubles.
Approximate prices for timber 100x100x6000 different characteristics and wood species in tabular form.
Thus, we have calculated all the necessary parameters for the purchase of this lumber and now you can use these formulas and calculations as needed.
Deception when buying timber with a cross section of 100x100x6000mm. Fraudulent sales scheme, damage in tons. Using simple mathematical operations, I show the damage in tons.
In this article, I will consider only pine material growing in the central part of Russia, since this material is most in demand in the construction market of the city of Moscow. It is from pine that country houses are built wooden houses.
I’ll immediately make a reservation that pine growing in Siberia has a denser texture, weighs more and costs an order of magnitude more. You can even distinguish it visually.
The weight of one cubic meter, freshly sawn and processed into edged lumber pine is about 860kg.
Let us recall the calculations of the weight of timber GOST 8486-86 100Х100х6000mm:
| SECTION OF BEAM IN MM. | QUANTITY, PCS. In 1m3 | MATHEMATICAL ACTION | WEIGHT OF ONE BEAM IN KG. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 860kg: 16.6 pcs. |
Let's consider all the “air” sections of timber 100x100x6000mm that I have encountered over the past five years.
The table below contains all the sections of the “air” beam, calculations and deception schemes.
I apologize for the slight inaccuracies in the calculations associated with rounding, I think that the essence of the deception does not change much from this. All prices for timber sections are given as of 01/01/2012. operate in city markets.
| Actual cross-section of timber in mm. | Quantity, pcs. in 1m3 | Price in Moscow for 1m3 | In Moscow markets they give as | Quantity, pcs. in 1m3 | Pieces stolen per 1m3 | Stolen in m3 | Stolen in rub. from 1m3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85x85x6000 | 4800 | 16.6 | 6.46 | 0.39 | 1872 | ||
| 90x90x6000 | 5000 | 16.6 | 3.97 | 0.23 | 1195 | ||
| 95x95x6000 | 5200 | 16.6 | 1.86 | 0.11 | 582 | ||
| 98x98x6000 | 5400 | 16.6 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 243 |
How much GOST 8486 timber weighs is no longer a secret. However, how much an air beam weighs remains a mystery to many. Let's look at the above sections and estimate the damage in kilograms by finding out the difference between the “Air” sections and GOST.
The air cross-section of the beam is 85x85x6000mm. its weight and difference from GOST in kilograms.
The air cross-section of the beam is 90x90x6000mm. its weight and difference from GOST in kilograms.
The air cross-section of the beam is 95x95x6000mm. its weight and difference from GOST in kilograms.
The most common timber in house construction is a material with a cross-section of 150x150x6000 mm. In the process of designing a future building, developers often have a question: how much does such a beam weigh?
General information
Unlike logs, which have a rounded shape, timber is a square, semi-cylindrical or rectangular section. Depending on the purpose of the material, it may have other forms.
Types of timber
There are several types:
- Ordinary;
- Profiled;
- Glued profiled, etc.
What does weight depend on?
The weight of timber 150x150 mm may vary depending on its type and degree of drying. This way the glued product undergoes mandatory drying, which means it is lighter.
In addition, much depends on the type of wood from which the material is made, as well as its cross-section. It is very clear that, all other things being equal, the weight of a beam of 100x150 mm will be less than that of a material with a cross-section of 150x150 mm.
What is humidity?
First of all, it is necessary to deal with humidity, since it most affects this indicator. And so, wood moisture content is the ratio of the mass of moisture contained in a certain volume of wood to the mass of absolutely dry lumber.
Advice!
It is impossible to determine the moisture level with your own hands without special devices, especially for a beginner.
For this purpose, there are special moisture meters - non-contact or needle.
The first option is preferable.
This compact device can be useful in the future when purchasing furniture.
Humidity is expressed as a percentage. This indicator for a freshly cut tree is 70–80 percent, “transport” wood has 20 percent moisture, and “dry” wood has 8–12 percent.
It must be said that humidity affects not only the mass of lumber, the price of the product also depends on it. In addition, depending on the degree of humidity, the intended use of the beams also changes.
Moisture content of lumber
Moisture in wood is between the cells and in the cavities of the cells. Let's look at why it is dangerous for lumber during construction.
During the drying process, water evaporates in two stages:
- Evaporation from the intercellular space.
- Evaporation from the cell cavity.
When lumber comes into contact with water after drying, the cells do not absorb moisture, since they are filled with air, and moisture evaporates from the intercellular space by itself, i.e. naturally.
The importance of humidity in construction
In production, the workpiece should be dried, not ready product. If raw wood was used in manufacturing, then during the process of moisture evaporation it may become deformed and change its geometric dimensions.
Note!
The mass of the product is extremely important when calculating structures that create loads on supporting structures.
Eg, exact values may be needed when choosing and calculating the foundation.
The weight of lumber is important not only when calculating loads, but also during transportation, since transport companies What interests you is not the amount of material, but their volume and weight. In addition, dry products take up less space, accordingly, you can load a larger number of them. It follows that the price of transporting dry material is always lower than “wet”.
Advice!
To prevent lumber from becoming damp during storage, it is necessary to use covered areas or cover them with cellophane film.
In the photo - timber 150x150 mm
Mass calculation
The calculation instructions are quite simple.
This is done as follows:
- The weight of one beam is equal to the weight of a cube of lumber/divided by its quantity.
- To determine the number of pieces in a cube, you need to know its dimensions. For example, you need to find out the weight of a beam is 100x150x6000, first we find out the amount of material: 1: 0.100: 0.150: 6 = 11.1 pcs.
- Knowing the mass of the cube and the number of pieces, it is not difficult to calculate how much a 100x150 beam weighs: 860/11.1 = 78 kg
Note!
Moisture is an ideal environment for the development of rot, fungi and mold.
If you use undried lumber in the construction of buildings and structures, problems are guaranteed to arise during operation.
Below is the weight of pine beams of different sections:
- 150x150x6000 mm - 7.4 pieces fit in one cubic meter, its weight is 860 kg. Weight 1 pc. section 150x150 is 116 kg.
- Weight1 pcs. cross section 150x100 equals 78 kg, 11.1 pieces fit in one cubic meter.
- Weight 1 pc. cross section 100x100 equals 52 kg, 16.6 pieces fit in one cubic meter.
Note!
If the weight of a cubic meter of pine beam significantly exceeds 860 kg, then the product is unsuitable for high-quality house construction due to high level moisture content.
When designing various kinds wooden structures Often they use such an indicator as the weight of the lumber from which they are supposed to be made. It would seem that such information can be obtained from specialized reference books. However, in such literature, unfortunately, only the weight of 1 m 3 of timber or, for example, boards is often indicated. Lumber is often not purchased cubic meters, but just piece by piece.
The length of timber sold by woodworking workshops may vary. But most often such enterprises sell 6 m of lumber to the public. So what, for example, can be the weight of timber with natural moisture content of 150x150x6000 mm? To find out, you'll have to do a few simple things. independent calculations.
What determines the weight of lumber?
It is clear that the more moisture contained in the timber, the heavier it will be. However, the weight of such lumber depends not only on this factor. Performing calculations in in this case The characteristics of the wood species itself must also be taken into account. After all, for example, oak timber will in any case be heavier than birch lumber.
What is natural humidity
So, how do you calculate weight? wooden beam natural humidity 150x150x6000 mm of this or that breed? Making such calculations is actually not too difficult. However, before starting calculations, it is still worth defining the concept of “natural humidity”.
In construction and in the manufacture of various types of products, only wood with a moisture content of no more than 12-15% is used. And even such boards and timber are in most cases additionally dried for some time before use.
The humidity of only cut wood will, of course, be very high. In any case, its figure will significantly exceed 12-15%. It is this kind of humidity that is usually called natural. That is, we ultimately need to find out the weight of a standard-length wooden beam with a cross-section of 15x15 cm, made from freshly sawn wood.
We take into account the breed
When performing such an operation, information from the table of lumber weights in cubic meters should be taken as a basis.
Calculations in this case are performed as follows:
find out the number of beams of a given length and cross-section in 1 m 3;
by simple division calculate the mass of one such unit of lumber.
One cubic meter of timber having dimensions of 150x150x6000 mm will thus contain 1: 0.15: 0.15: 0.15: 6 = 7.4 pieces. To find out the weight of the beam, in this case you need:
look at the weight per cubic meter for this particular type of wood;
divide this parameter by the number of beams per cubic meter.
For example, with a humidity of 15%, 1 m 3 of pine lumber weighs, according to the table above, 440 kg. That is, the calculation in this case will look like this:
440 / 7.4 = 59.5 kg.
It is also easy to determine that the weight of a 150x150x6000 mm larch beam of the same moisture content will be equal to 90.5 kg. For aspen, this figure will be 67.6 kg.
Instructions for calculating the weight of timber with natural humidity 150x150x6000 mm
Thus, it is not too difficult to find out the weight of lumber of a given moisture content. To do this, you just need to solve two simple mathematical examples. But what will be the weight of a beam of natural humidity 150x150x6000 mm? In order to determine this, among other things, you need to know the last indicator itself for a particular type of wood.
You can also obtain such information from special tables. So, for example, the natural humidity of pine is 60-100%, larch - 50-70%, birch - 70-90%. These parameters should be taken in this case to calculate the weight. In this case, for obvious reasons, it will be impossible to make accurate calculations.
So, how much does a beam of 150x150x6000 mm of natural humidity weigh? Taking into account the data in the table presented above:
pine beams of such dimensions will weigh from 580/7.4=78.3 (60%) to 730/7.4=98.6 (100%) kg;
the weight of larch timber with natural humidity 150x150x6000 mm will vary from 820 / 7.4 = 110.8 kg to 930 / 7.4 = 125.7 kg.
In a similar way, you can calculate beams of such natural moisture dimensions for any other rock.
Specific gravity
There are only two types of wood density:
volume weight(density of the physical body of wood itself);
specific wood fibers directly).
Above we discussed a method for determining the volumetric weight of timber 150x150x6000. Natural humidity or specified in such calculations is an important indicator. Indeed, in this case, the weight also depends on the amount of moisture contained in the wood structure. But if desired, you can also calculate the specific density index for beams.
This can be done using the table presented above. Calculations in this case will be carried out without taking into account humidity. That is, to calculate you need to find the number of beams certain size in cubic meter and simply divide the indicator from the table by the resulting number.
Thus, for pine 520 / 7.4 = 70.3 kg is specific gravity timber 150x150x6000. Natural humidity - permissible operational or any other - is not taken into account in this case.
In this article I will consider only pine material growing in the territory in the central part of Russia because this material
most in demand in the construction market of Moscow. Country wooden houses are built from pine.
I’ll immediately make a reservation that pine growing in Siberia has a denser texture, weighs more and costs an order of magnitude more. Distinguish her
It’s possible even visually, but this is a topic for a separate article.
The weight of one cubic meter of freshly cut pine and processed into edged lumber is about 860 kg. Knowing the types of sections
timber, you can calculate the weight of 1 piece of timber.
- 200x200x6000mm. (4.1 pieces in 1m3):
- 860kg. :
4.1pcs. =209.7kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 200x200 is 210 kg.
- 860kg. :
4.1pcs. =209.7kg.
- 200x150x6000mm (5.5 pieces per 1m3)
- 860kg. :
5.5pcs. = 156.3 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 200x150 is 156 kg.
- 860kg. :
5.5pcs. = 156.3 kg.
- 200x100x6000mm (8.3 pieces per 1m3)
- 860kg. :
8.3pcs. = 103.6 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 200x100 is 104 kg.
- 860kg. :
8.3pcs. = 103.6 kg.
- 150x150x6000mm (7.4 pieces per 1m3)
- 860kg. :
7.4pcs. = 116.2kg
The weight of one beam with a section of 150x150 is 116 kg.
- 860kg. :
7.4pcs. = 116.2kg
- 150x100x6000mm (11.1 pieces per 1m3)
- 860kg. :
11.1pcs. = 77.47
The weight of one beam with a section of 150x100 is 78 kg.
- 860kg. :
11.1pcs. = 77.47
- 100x100x6000mm (16.6 pieces in 1m3)
- 860kg. :
16.6 pcs. = 51.8 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 100x100 is 52 kg.
- 860kg. :
16.6 pcs. = 51.8 kg.
- 100x50x6000mm (33.3 pieces in 1m3)
- 860kg. :
33.3pcs. = 25.8 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 100x50 is 26 kg.
- 860kg. :
33.3pcs. = 25.8 kg.
To determine for yourself how much it will weigh, let’s say a beam 4000mm and 3000mm long. I will give an example of a calculation formula in which
a necessary condition The calculation is the number of pieces in 1m3.
- For timber let's say 200x200x3000mm:
- 1 :
0,2 :
0,2 :
3 = 8,3 PC. in 1m3 - 860kg. :
8.3 pcs. = 103.6 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 200x200 and a length of 3000 mm. 104kg.
- 1 :
0,2 :
0,2 :
- For timber 200x200x4000mm:
- 1 :
0,2 :
0,2 :
4 = 6,25 PC. in 1m3 - 860kg. :
6.25pcs. = 137.6 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 200x200 and a length of 4000 mm. 138kg.
At the end of the article, I would like to note that these calculations are valid
only for timber of clearly stated dimensions with the correct geometry, i.e.
e. corresponding to GOST 8486-86.For "Armenian timber", that 4200 rubles per 1m3 is needed separate approach, because quantity? pcs. 1m3 is needed every time
calculate separately in accordance with the dimensions of the timber.Let's be completely honest and finish what we started!
- "Armenian timber? has a cross-section of 135x135x6000mm. (9.2 pcs. in
1m3): - 860kg.
: 9.2pcs. = 93.47 kg.
The weight of one beam with a section of 135x135mm. length 6000mm
is 94kg. - Comparing the weight of a normal beam 150x150mm And 135x135mm.
- 116kg. - 94kg. = 22 kg. difference from 1pc. timber
- 22kg. X 7.4pcs. in 1m3 = 163kg. difference from 1m3
Let's say a client takes 20m3 of 135x135 timber as 150x150 but for 4200 rubles.
- 163kg. X 20m3 = 3260kg i.e. for 3 tons
260 kg. the client was deceived, because 3260 kg. air!
Make your own conclusions and other calculations Dear Readers!
- "Armenian timber? has a cross-section of 135x135x6000mm. (9.2 pcs. in
- 1 :
0,2 :
0,2 :