The sewerage system in the apartment is a free-flow system in which wastewater moves towards the riser due to the inclination of the pipes. The lowest point of the apartment sewer system is the tee entering the common house riser.
In most houses that were built about 30 years ago, the bathroom and bathroom were located next to the kitchen. With such a system everything sewage water are collected into a single system, starting from the kitchen, then pass through the bathroom and toilet, and at the end they merge into a common riser. Thanks to the exit of the upper part of the riser to the roof, the entire system is provided with good ventilation.
Sewer pipes are laid with a uniform slope, which contributes to the uninterrupted flow of wastewater. If the specified angle of inclination of the pipes is violated, blockages may form at the bends.
The optimal slope of pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm is 3%, that is, 3 cm per meter sewer pipe, 85-100 mm – 2%.
It is with these slope parameters that the self-cleaning effect of pipes is most fully manifested. This effect consists of a combination of a certain speed of movement of the wastewater and the required degree of filling of the pipes, at which the waste is washed out without stagnating in the pipes. As the angle of inclination increases, the speed of movement of the drains will increase and the filling capacity will decrease; decreasing the angle will cause the opposite effect. In both cases, the self-cleaning process will worsen.
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That is why laying sewerage in an apartment is carried out in only two ways:
- at a slope of 2-3%,
- vertically.
Vertical wiring is used in cases where optimal slope does not ensure that the pipe is brought to the required height for placing the plumbing fixture.
How to install sewerage in an apartment
Due to the presence in modern apartments For many plumbing fixtures, a branched sewer system is currently in use, each branch of which is laid with an optimal slope.
Not all plumbing fixtures require a sewer connection. Appliances such as heated towel rails and water heaters are connected only to the water supply system, since they do not generate waste water.
As a rule, in modern apartments, the internal sewer system is connected to the riser by inserting a cross into it with three outlets. The diameter of two branches is 50 mm, and the third is 100 mm.
Inserting additional crosspieces into the sewer system is impossible, since the location of additional entry points above the main crosspiece will require the placement of plumbing fixtures too high, and below it will affect the neighbors’ territory.
Standard sewerage wiring in an apartment is carried out as follows:
- a toilet and a bidet are connected to the main line with a diameter of 100 mm;
- all other toilet and bathroom appliances are connected to the first main line with a diameter of 50 mm - shower stall, bathtub, sinks, washing machine;
- kitchen plumbing fixtures - sink and dishwasher.
Features of connecting plumbing fixtures
The height at which the plumbing fixture should be located depends on its distance from the main riser. Since all pipes are led with a uniform upward slope, the further the device is located from the riser, the higher the drain should be raised relative to the entry point.
There are two devices in the sewer system that do not need to be raised above the floor of their drain:
- washing machine,
- Dishwasher.
They are equipped with centrifugal pumps that remove waste water using force rather than gravity. The connection points of these devices to the sewer system can be located even above the plane on which these devices are located. Therefore, the dishwasher and washing machine can be installed at the farthest and highest points of the sewer system.
The sink and kitchen sink can be connected to the sewerage system at a height of 50-60 cm from the floor surface. In this case, there is no need to lift the devices themselves, since the drains from these devices can be located at a distance of 70-80 cm from the plane on which the device is installed.
Types of sewer pipes and features of their installation
To install a sewer system in an apartment, three types are most often used: polymer pipes:
- polypropylene,
- polyethylene,
- polyvinyl chloride.
There is no fundamental difference between them when used in indoor wiring conditions. Pipes - PVC and polypropylene - can be equipped with additional sound insulation. Cast iron sewer pipes are practically never used.
Repair of sewerage in an apartment , carried out using polymer pipes, simplified as much as possible. Easy assembly technology is ensured by the special design of these pipes. Each segment, and its length can vary from 300 mm to 3 m, is equipped on one side with a connecting coupling with a rubber sealing ring. There is a chamfer at the second end of the pipe. All connecting parts also have a coupling with a rubber ring at one end.
To lay a sewer branch, take a section of pipe, cut it to size if necessary, and insert the smooth side into the coupling of the next section or connecting fitting.
One small but important rule should be followed.
The pipe is first inserted into the coupling until it stops completely, and then moved back a little (10-15 mm).
Thus, a damper gap will be formed in the connection, which will compensate for the thermal expansion of the pipe. When exposed hot water a polymer pipe with a significant linear expansion coefficient will increase by several millimeters. If the pipe has nowhere to extend, it will become distorted, which will lead to a violation of the tightness of the sealing ring surrounding the segment. The connection will leak.
When laying a sewer network, it is better to avoid turns at right angles.
It is advisable to use instead of one corner fitting 90 0 two - 135 each 0 is:
- will significantly increase throughput sewer pipes,
- will reduce the risk of blockages.
The role of the water seal in the sewer system
Sewage water has unpleasant smell. However, we don’t feel them in the apartment thanks to a simple but very important device - a water seal.
A water seal is a water plug that forms when two pipes differ in height. At the same time, there is always a certain amount of water in the pipe, completely blocking its cross-section, even when the sewer is not in use. Sewage gases do not penetrate from the pipes into the room precisely thanks to this water barrier. At the time of draining, the water plug is replaced with a new one.
If the bathroom is not used for a long time, an unpleasant odor may appear in the rooms. This occurs due to the evaporation of the liquid, which leads to the drying out of the water seal.
To fix the problem, just turn on the taps for a few minutes and drain the water in the toilet.
You can prevent the water seal from drying out with a little trick.
Before leaving the apartment, do not pour into the drain holes a large number of vegetable oil. The oil forms a film that protects the liquid from evaporation.
The toilet and bidet initially have water seals in their design.
Kitchen sinks, sinks, bathtubs, shower stalls are connected to the system using siphons, which play a dual role:
- connecting element between the device and the pipe,
- water seal.
Restoring the sewer system in a house is an important part of interior renovation work. And therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the operating principle of the sewer system, which will allow you to avoid gross mistakes when installing pipes and plumbing fixtures.
The quality of the home sewer system should not be inferior in reliability to the water supply or electrical network. If the sewage system in an apartment is installed efficiently with your own hands, it will last for decades, provided that installation standards are observed and high-quality materials are used. Supplies.
Do you doubt your abilities and are afraid to make mistakes? We will help you competently design and install a sewer system. The main thing is to take into account all the basic requirements, choose the right pipes and adhere to the installation technology described in the article.
Before you select the pipes and everything you need, before starting work you need to understand the principles of operation of the sewer system, including observing the angles of inclination so that the pressure in the riser is slightly higher than atmospheric.
Otherwise atmospheric air will squeeze unpleasant sewer gases directly into the apartment. If the internal pressure is too high, waste gases may be released from the siphons.
Let's take a closer look at all the nuances of the sewage system in the apartment.
Pipe slope is an important condition for the functioning of the system
When laying the highway, you must maintain a horizontal angle, which must be within certain limits. An insufficient one will not allow the wastewater to flow normally into the riser. If the slope is too great, the water will drain quickly, leaving contamination on the walls of the pipe.
Monitor the slope to achieve optimal fluid flow in the sewer and correct pressure in the pipes. Pipe slope standards must comply with SNiP (+)
The paradox is that with high “fluidity” the sewer system will become clogged.
Dependence of the pipeline laying slope on the pipeline cross-section:
- 30 mm/m at 50 mm;
- 20 mm/m at 110 mm;
- 8 mm/m at 160 mm;
- 7 mm/m at 200 mm.
Thus, maximum slope should be within 150 mm/m. Exceptions are bends up to 1.5 m long for some plumbing fixtures, for example, a toilet.
Sewer pipes can only be connected at right angles in a vertical orientation using the waterfall principle.
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The composition should be neutral - it is better to use polyurethane or silicone. For each plastic gasket need to apply sealant. On rubber seals no need to apply anything.
You need to lubricate the outer part of the pipe, which will be in contact when connecting, as well as the inner part of the pipe. We connect each section separately. After the sealant has hardened, you need to check the entire system for leaks by running water into the drain from all plumbing fixtures, including the bathroom. In this case, there should not be a drop of water on the floor.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Installation of sewerage in an apartment is labor-intensive process, but knowing the intricacies will help you make a competent installation. Use video tips to expand your knowledge and watch professionals at work.
Now you know how to plan and install sewerage in an apartment. The process of dismantling and installing equipment is accompanied by many professional nuances, so if necessary, it is better to contact specialists.
Do you have experience in solving similar problems? Or do you still have questions about arranging sewerage in your apartment? Please share your opinion and leave comments. The communication block is located below.
Is it time to change your sewer? Or in new apartment everything needs to be brought to mind? Before you start self-replacement or new sewer wiring in own apartment, you need to find out how this sewer system works. Because without understanding this issue it will be quite difficult to do anything. And who wants to redo everything later?
In principle, installing a sewer system in an apartment is not complicated. Its task is simple - to supply water from the water collection point to the riser. And since water moves through the pipes by gravity, the system is designed taking this factor into account.
hidden installation of sewer pipes in the walls How does the sewer system work in apartments?
Despite the time at which the houses were built, the structure of the sewage system in them is almost the same. Most often, the wiring starts in the kitchen under the sink, then goes through the toilet and bathtub, from where it cuts into a common riser that runs through all floors of the building. The riser itself eventually goes out onto the roof. This is done for the normal functioning of the ventilation system in the house. Let's consider the main points of the structure of the sewer system:
- The main function of the sewer system is to move water from appliances to the riser;
- The operating principle is gravity, so no additional pressure is needed;
- A certain angle of inclination of pipes is required to quickly move water, determined by building regulations;
- The slope of the pipes must be maintained throughout the entire length of the sewer system, otherwise blockages may occur in the future.
So, before you ask yourself how to install a sewer system in an apartment, you need to choose the optimal angle of inclination in the system.
connecting sewer pipes to the riser Naturally, water does not flow uphill, therefore, when installing a sewer system, the inlet pipe should be located above the point where it taps into the riser. And the slope must be uniform along the entire length of the pipeline. IN building codes adopted their own parameters for determining the slope:
- 2% slope for pipes with a diameter from 85 mm to 100 mm;
- 3% slope for pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm.
For example, if the sink in the bathtub is located at a distance of 2 meters from the riser, then the end of the pipe should rise 6 cm relative to the point of entry into the riser.
What if we increase the angle of inclination in the sewer? After all, this should speed up the water supply. But in reality it turns out that this is the wrong approach, because the water that goes into the sewer is not always clean. Over time, all contaminants settle on the walls of the pipes and blockages form. To avoid this as much as possible, when installing sewers, the principle of self-cleaning of pipes is taken into account (water moves at a certain speed and fills a certain section of the pipe). And this is ensured by the correctly chosen angle of inclination of the pipes.
But there are several devices for which the slope of the pipes is unimportant. This is a washing machine and dishwasher. These devices have pumps that supply water under pressure, so their connection points can be at any height.
Sewer wiring diagram:
- A riser with a cross with three bends (two bends of 50 mm and one of 100 mm);
- Line with a diameter of 100 mm for connecting a toilet;
- A line with a diameter of 50 mm for connecting bathroom plumbing;
- Line with a diameter of 50 mm for connecting kitchen appliances;
- Branches that lead from highways to devices. Their succession to each other is determined by the location of the device itself.
For apartments with large area Usually two risers are installed.
Installation of sewer system
So, having learned all the nuances of the work and sewage system, you can begin its installation.
installation of drains and wiring of sewerage for plumbing fixtures Before determining the amount of materials, you need to clarify how many water intake points will be in the apartment or already exist. The main materials that will be required include the following: a toilet pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, pipes for other appliances with a diameter of 50 mm; corrugations with a diameter of 32 mm to 50 mm and separately corrugations for a washing machine with a diameter of 20 to 25 mm; cuffs for siphons; connection cuff PVC pipes And cast iron pipe; sealant. When choosing materials, it is better to rely on one manufacturer, otherwise you may encounter the problem of incompatible joints, color range etc. Among other things, high-quality sewer pipes should not bend or deform.
Now let's pay attention to the tool that you will need to install sewerage in your apartment:
- Grinder (this tool will be necessary for dismantling a cast iron sewer system. To install a new sewer system, they often only use a hacksaw.)
- Hammer.
- Chisel.
- Other indispensable tools, which should always be at hand: screwdrivers, hammer, keys, etc.
- Mounting gun for using sealant.
After all the materials and tools have been prepared, and having realized how to properly install a sewer system in an apartment, we begin to dismantle the old sewer system. First, you should turn off the water and warn your neighbors that a sewer system will be installed.
When changing it in the bathroom, it is better not to touch the cast-iron riser and not replace it with a plastic one. Since over time the house shrinks and this particular place may subsequently turn out to be a weak link. In addition, sound insulation in plastic pipes ah leaves much to be desired.
With a toilet, everything is much more complicated. Before installing a new sewer, you need to remove the old one. This is the most time consuming part. If the toilet is installed in such a way that it cannot be removed carefully, you will simply need to break it. If everything is not so scary, then you just need to disconnect the toilet from the mounting location. Next, the pipe connecting the toilet to the riser is dismantled. This is where the fun begins. It’s good if the pipe comes out normally, but if it is filled with sulfur and does not give in, then under no circumstances should you break it, otherwise you may damage the adjacent toilet along with the riser. IN in this case You will need a grinder, with which the pipe is cut to the very socket. At the same time, everything is cut into parts and gradually chipped. After the work has been done, you need to remove the remaining parts from the socket. Next, the bell is dried.
installation of a sewer drain from a sink If during installation of the system the riser is constantly filled with water, then it has a slope. In this case, the riser is plugged with a rag and wrapped in a bag. After the socket has dried, sealant is applied to it and a rubber gasket is put on. Since the toilet is the first point of water intake, a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is used for it. After installing a tee, many people immediately install an adapter for a 50 mm pipe in it. But you don't need to do this. It is better to make a small insert after the tee, the length of which will be about 150 mm, and then you can switch to a 50 mm pipe. If possible, it is better not to use 90° corners and tees, but to take several 45° ones (here we remember about building regulations). Next, the sewer is assembled as a construction set. In this case, each pipe joint must be secured, otherwise the pipes will sag under the weight of water and become deformed over time. Each pipe has a gasket that makes the structure impermeable.
And before connecting two pipes, you need to lubricate the joints with sealant for strength. This is reliable and saves the structure from fractures and leaks. Cuffs of the required diameter are inserted under all the corrugations from the siphons.
Features of internal wiring
The wiring in the apartment is determined by the diagram. And to ensure normal voltage pipes, use both rigid and floating fasteners. Rigid fasteners ensure pipe stability, while floating fasteners provide longitudinal movement. When installing pipes, the following rules should be followed:
- Leakage can be avoided by installing main pipes in the direction of counter flow.
- Shaped parts must not be shortened or deformed.
- The main sewer system is diverted in the direction of the riser.
- You should not use a rectangular transition from the riser to the outlet pipe.
- Can be used both open and closed system wiring. When open, everything is clear - the weight of the pipe is visible.
Closed can be wall or floor. Accordingly, holes are made in the wall or floor, where the pipes are laid. Next is superimposed plasterboard box under pipes and lined according to desire and design.
Hitting old pipes or shaking them is strictly prohibited.
Particular attention is paid to the down tube. If it turns out of the crosspiece, then it will be difficult to loosen it and remove it without outside help.
Dismantling cast iron is labor-intensive and dangerous work. The material, although fragile, is heavy, so it’s worth asking for help.
A prerequisite is the presence of water seals that prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors.
piping under the washbasin and toilet To ensure the tightness of joined pipes, you need to:
- Close drainer in the bath and fill it with water.
- Release the drain and run cold and hot water at the same time.
- Close the drain hole in the toilet, for example with a plunger.
- Pour a bucket of water into the toilet and remove the plunger.
- Ask your neighbors to drain the water to check the operation of the riser and the tightness of the joints.
If the work is done well, no water should appear at the joints. If this happens, it is better to seek help from a specialist.
The installation of a sewer system must be approached carefully, although a minimum of technical skills is required. And as you can see from the article, it is not necessary to call a plumber for help (unless in extreme cases!). With an understanding of the topic and availability good tools, it is quite possible to cope on your own.
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To install a sewer system, you need a sewerage diagram in the apartment, which involves the arrangement of a non-pressure structure. In it, wastewater and sewage move through an inclined pipeline towards the sewer riser. The lowest point of waste water discharge in an apartment is considered to be the tee entering the building's riser.
IN residential buildings, built three decades ago, the bathroom and toilet are located next to the kitchen area. With this version of the sewer system, wastewater is collected starting from the kitchen, then it passes through the toilet and bathroom and is ultimately sent to the common house riser. Due to the fact that its upper part faces the roof, the entire sewerage system has good ventilation.
How is sewerage installed in an apartment building?
Sewerage is installed in the apartment using pipes that are laid with a certain uniform slope and thereby ensure uninterrupted movement of wastewater. If the required slope is not observed, blockages often form at the bends of the pipeline. When the diameter of the pipes is 40-50 millimeters, the optimal slope angle should be 3%, which means 3 centimeters per meter, and with a diameter of 85-100 millimeters - 2%. Read also: "".It is at these slopes of the sewer pipeline that high-quality self-cleaning of its internal surfaces occurs. In addition to the slope angle great importance For efficient work sewer system has the degree to which the pipes are filled with liquid. If the slope is excessive, the speed of movement of wastewater increases and at the same time the filling capacity decreases. In turn, reducing the angle leads to the opposite effect. In both cases, the result of self-cleaning worsens. It is necessary to understand how sewerage works before starting any repair work.
That is why the sewerage scheme in the apartment provides only two ways to lay the network:
- at a slope of 2-3%;
- strictly vertical.
Vertical sewerage distribution in an apartment is used when the optimal slope of the sewer pipe is not able to ensure that the pipes are brought to the height of the plumbing fixture.
Do-it-yourself sewerage installation in an apartment
Currently, due to the presence of a large number of plumbing fixtures in apartments, the option of arranging a branched sewer system, in which each individual branch is laid with optimal inclination. In new buildings internal sewerage connected to the riser using a crosspiece insert that has three outlets. In this case, two branches have a diameter of 50 millimeters, and the third one has a diameter of 100 millimeters.Typically, do-it-yourself sewerage installation in an apartment is done as follows:
- a toilet is connected to the main pipeline branch with a diameter of 100 millimeters;
- the first of the main lines (its diameter is 50 millimeters) is connected to devices located in the toilet and bathroom - this is a bathtub, a shower stall, washing machine, wash basin;
- The second main branch with a diameter of 50 millimeters is connected to the kitchen plumbing, or more precisely, to the dishwasher and sink.
Connection diagram for plumbing fixtures
The height at which each of the plumbing fixtures should be placed primarily depends on the distance at which it will be located from the main riser.Since the pipes are routed with a uniform upward slope, the further the plumbing fixtures are located from the riser, the higher the drain needs to be raised relative to the entry point. Sometimes when performing repairs it is necessary to replace the sewer riser in an apartment. It's better to do it right away. than having to redo all the work later.
In the diagram showing the sewage system in the apartment, you can see two appliances that do not need to raise the drain above the floor - a dishwasher and a washing machine. They have built-in centrifugal pumps that remove waste water under pressure. The connection points of these devices to the sewer system can even be located higher flooring on which they are installed.
In order for drainage to be effective in an apartment, you need to know how to properly install a sewer system in an apartment and connect plumbing fixtures. For example, you need to connect a kitchen sink and sinks at a height of 50-60 centimeters from the floor surface, while there is no need to lift the plumbing fixtures, since the drains in it are located at a distance of 70-80 centimeters from the plane on which they are installed.
Types of sewer pipes
The range of pipes for laying a sewer network is huge, but most often they use the following types polymer products:- polyethylene;
- polypropylene (read: " ");
- polyvinyl chloride.
Features of sewer pipe installation
The installation of sewerage in an apartment using polymer pipes is simple. Easy assembly of sewerage from plastic pipes is ensured by their special design. Each section of such pipes has a length from 30 centimeters to three meters, while on one side there is a coupling with a rubber sealing ring, and on the other there is a chamfer (read also: " "). All connecting elements are also equipped on one side with a coupling with a rubber ring. When laying a sewer branch, take a piece of pipe, cut it to size, and place its smooth side into the coupling of the second section or fitting.In this case, the pipe is inserted to the final stop and then moved back approximately 10-15 millimeters. As a result, a damper gap is formed at the junction to compensate thermal expansion products.
When laying out the sewer system, it is advisable not to make right angle turns. Experts advise using two 1350 corner fittings instead of one 900 corner fitting, which will significantly reduce the possibility of blockages and will facilitate the smooth movement of drains.
Purpose of a water seal in a sewer system
Drains and sewage have an unpleasant odor, but they are absent from the apartment, thanks to the presence of water seals in the plumbing fixtures. They are a water plug formed as a result of a difference in height between two pipes. There is always water in the pipe, completely blocking its cross-section, even when the plumbing is not in use. This water barrier prevents sewer gases from entering the premises from the pipes. After draining, the old water plug is replaced by a new one.To connect kitchen sinks, shower stalls, bathtubs and sinks to the sewer system use siphons, which have dual functions:
- water seal;
- connecting element between the pipe and the plumbing fixture.
The solution to the question of how to make a sewer system in an apartment relates to important stage preparations for the repair work. But for this you need to have a clear understanding of how the sewer system functions during its operation.
Sooner or later there comes a time when replacing the sewer system in an apartment is inevitable. The owner will need to purchase new sewer pipes and begin installation work.
Many people wonder how to properly install a sewer system in an apartment on their own. Of course, sewer installation skills will not hurt, but you can cope without them.
When preparing for installation, all water intake points in the apartment must be taken into account. It would not hurt to develop a diagram in which the dimensions and placement of plumbing fixtures will be preserved.
In order for the installation of sewerage in an apartment to be carried out efficiently, you need to know some nuances.
Helpful information:
So, the scheme has been drawn up, the materials have been purchased, all that remains is to prepare the available tools. To perform installation work you will need the following tools: 
- Hammer.
- Bulgarian.
- Chisel.
- Hammer.
- Screwdriver Set.
- Wrench.
Having acquired everything you need, you can begin dismantling the old sewer system.
Dismantling of old sewerage
To prepare the basis for installing a new sewer system, you need to dismantle the old sewer system.
It is advisable to dismantle the sewage system in an apartment in stages.
Stages of dismantling an old sewer:
These are the main stages of sewer dismantling. However, first you should pay attention to the layout of the sewage system in the room.
Principles of wiring
There are two principles by which sewerage design is carried out. Adhering to these two principles, the sewerage installation in the apartment will be done correctly. 
- Slope. It is believed that the sewer system is able to function normally if the slope fluctuates between 2-3%. You also need to take into account the fact: the farther the plumbing fixture is from the riser, the higher you need to raise it to it.
- Straightness of sections. According to this principle, the apartment’s sewer system should have a minimum number of fittings and outlets. After all, it is at the joints that greatest number blockages. In general, it wouldn't hurt to install a revision.
Piping in the bathroom
The bathroom is the most saturated in terms of the number of plumbing fixtures. Therefore, installation work here will be more labor-intensive. For a plumber, installing sewerage in a bathroom is a responsible, but not difficult, task. The same cannot be said about the common man.
The difficulty of installing a sewer system in a bathroom is that the installed sewer network will force you to lift the plumbing. In addition, the bathroom should have several outlets, thanks to which a large amount of water can be drained at the same time. Here you need to take into account all the little things and nuances that only a competent person knows about. 
When installing sewerage in an apartment, you need to remember:
- The height of the toilet drain is approximately 180-190 mm. If the toilet is attached.
- In this case, the height of the sewer outlet under the washbasin should be equal to 530-550 mm from the floor level.
More detailed information about the sewer system can be obtained by studying regulatory documents (SNiP, GOST).
Sewage installation
Installation of the sewer system can begin after fixing the new one with sealant. rubber cuff in the socket of the tee. You need to keep in mind that the price of replacing the sewer system in an apartment will depend on the material chosen.
To install a sewer system, it is better to purchase. Affordable price, light weight and ease of installation are the main advantages of these pipes.
Features of installation work:
The entire sewer system is very easy to assemble. You just need to connect the sewer pipes through gaskets. Gaskets guarantee excellent sealing. Just in case, you can use silicone sealant.
By the way, the sewage system in Khrushchev is much simpler than in new buildings. It has two elements: a riser and internal wiring. The riser is the main pipe of the drainage system, and internal wiring- This sewer pipeline in room. Feature of the Khrushchev sewer system - wastewater must move to the main riser by gravity.
Forced sewerage
When standard arrangement sewer riser causes inconvenience to the apartment owners, then forced sewerage in the apartment will correct this situation.
Forced sewerage is a pump that is equipped with grinders.
Thanks to its small dimensions, it will be invisible if installed behind some plumbing fixture. The pumped out wastewater is crushed by grinders and then moved through the sewer pipe to the sewer or septic tank. It is important that the size of the sewer pipe should be small, namely from 18 to 40 mm. 
Despite the fact that forced sewerage in an apartment involves the use of thin pipes, its performance is at a high level.
It turns out that if the owners of the apartment are not satisfied with the location of the main riser, they can purchase forced sewerage and eliminate the previous inconveniences.
Allowable distances
If tap water and sewer system are developed independently, this does not mean that the requirements of SNiP can be neglected. During construction must be taken into account minimum distances regulated by a regulatory document.
During construction, the distance between the water supply and sewerage networks must comply with the minimum values of SNiP. SNiP requires that the horizontal distance between the water supply and sewerage be at least 1.5 m. At the same time, the vertical distance between the water supply and sewerage must be at least 0.4 m. Taking into account the diameter and material of the pipe, the distance from the water supply to the sewerage will be 1 .5-5 m.
According to SNiP, the distance between the water supply inlet and the sewerage outlet must also be taken into account when construction work. Therefore, before starting to install a sewer system, it is imperative to study the norms and requirements of SNiP.
To know how to install sewerage in an apartment without violating the requirements regulatory documents, you need to systematically take an interest in the updated editions of SNiP.