“Gogol Overcoat” - Purpose of the lesson: F.M. Dostoevsky (Prepared by O.I. Sigareva). Fantasy in the story. Robbery. Topic study plan: V.G. Belinsky. Reflection. Comprehend N.V. Gogol’s story in the unity of form and content. Conclusion: N.V. Gogol’s story “The Overcoat”. Titular adviser Akakiy Akakievich Bashmachkin in Gogol's story "The Overcoat".
“Gogol’s life and work” - Restore the sequence of writing works. Where was N.V. Gogol born? Vasilyevka Bolshiye Sorochintsy Novgorod Petersburg. Answers. What works were included in “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”? “Dead Souls” “Arabesques” “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” “The Inspector General” “Mirgorod”. V.G. Belinsky A.S. Pushkin I.S. Turgenev.
“Dead souls history of creation” - Landowners. History of creation. P Boklevsky. Bird Troika Korovin. In 1849 a Czech translation by K. Havlicek-Borovsky appeared. Plyushkin P. Boklevsky. Captain Kopeikin P. Boklevsky. Dead Souls. Officials and ladies of the provincial town N. P. Boklevsky. Nozdryov. Plyushkin. The plot stretches out into a long novel and, it seems, will be very funny.
“Gogol The Night Before Christmas” - Oksana is wayward and frivolous. "The Night Before Christmas" is like a fairy tale. Therefore, what seems unusual is explained by the heroes as commonplace. The narration is told on behalf of the narrator - Rudy Panka. Then the capricious beauty promised to marry the blacksmith. Book "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka".
“Gogol Dead Souls” - Nozdryov brings confusion to any society, his appearance always foreshadows a scandal. ...The main work of Gogol’s life was “Dead Souls”. Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka. Plyushkin at the chest. Monuments and busts of N.V. Gogol are installed in different cities. Governor. Writer's grave. Plyushkin. Sobakevich. Nevsky Avenue.
“Lessons from Gogol the Inspector General” - Topic of a binary lesson on literature and law (8th grade): Binary lesson. Features of the binary lesson: “Power and society in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General". January 19, 2011. Why are binary lessons on law needed in combination with other humanities: BINARY LESSON - an educational lesson that combines the content of two subjects of the same cycle (or educational field) in one lesson.
Author informationKuznetsova Svetlana Ivanovna
Place of work, position:
MBOU secondary school No. 21, Kovrov Teacher of Russian language and literature
Vladimir region
Characteristics of the lesson (lesson)
The level of education:
Higher professional education
The target audience:
Pupil (student)
The target audience:
Teacher (teacher)
Class(es):
Item(s):
Literature
The purpose of the lesson:
1. Education of moral and aesthetic ideas (kindness, moral purity, the ability to appreciate beauty).
2. Development of students’ monologue speech, mental activity, and analytical abilities.
3. Identification of the artistic idea of the story, folklore motifs; improving the skills of characterizing a literary hero.
Lesson type:
Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Students in the class (auditorium):
Textbooks used and teaching aids:
N.V. Gogol “The Night Before Christmas” (textbook by G.S. Merkin, grade 5, part 1)
- "Explanatory Dictionary" edited by S. Ozhegov
Collection of V. Dahl "Proverbs of the Russian people"
Equipment used:
Computer
Used DSOs:
presentation
Short description:
The lesson is designed for 5th grade students and is one of the system of lessons for studying N.V. Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas.” The lesson is structured in accordance with activity-based learning technology, which allows students to intensify their activities during the lesson, promotes the development of thinking and analytical abilities, and also more fully allows students to independently discover new knowledge. I build my lesson in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, so the primary goal is to educate a highly moral personality with a developed system of value attitudes towards the world.
During the classes.
I.Organizational moment.
Teacher's word.
Guys, in the last lesson we went on a journey through amazing world fairy tale story “The Night Before Christmas” by N.V. Gogol. Today we continue this journey and I hope you find it fun and rewarding.
II. Motivation of students to activity.
Refer to the slide on which Russian proverbs are presented to your attention. Read them carefully, find the key words and try to guess what we will talk about in class today.
(Proverbs on the slide: “Goodness is not dashing: it wanders through the world quietly”
“If you spend an hour in goodness, you will forget all your grief”
"God rules in a good way"
“If you follow someone who is unkind, you will end up in trouble”
“It’s hard for those who remember evil”
“It’s better to make peace than to be angry.”
(After learning the proverbs, students should come to the conclusion that the lesson will talk about good and evil).
Teacher: Guys, what is good and evil for you? What associations do you have with these concepts? (statements from students)
Teacher: Let's take a look at Dictionary and let’s see how the concepts of “good” and “evil” are defined there.
(interpretations of words from S. Ozhegov’s dictionary are displayed on the slide:
Good- this is something positive, good, useful.
Evil- this is something bad, harmful.)
Teacher: Guys, do your ideas about good and evil coincide with what the dictionary offers? Do you and I have any reason to talk about good and evil in the course of analyzing the story? Do good and evil manifest themselves in some way? (students must answer yes)
III. Goal setting.
So let’s formulate the topic of our lesson today (“Good and evil in N.V. Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas” - write it down in a notebook)
Now let's think together about what we will be working on today, what are the goals of our work? (during the discussion, the guys should reach the following goals:
To trace how good and evil manifest themselves on the pages of the story;
Which of the heroes is the personification of good and which of evil;
What wins in the end - good or evil?)
IV. Updating the topic.
Teacher: Remember the heroes of the story (the teacher directs the children to the main images that manifest themselves in actions). Try to distribute them into 2 columns depending on whether, in your opinion, they are the personification of good or evil. (students work in their notebooks, then voice their guesses).
GOOD EVIL
Vakula Damn
Oksana? Solokha
(Students may find it difficult to decide whether Oksana is the personification of good or evil; the teacher suggests getting to know the characters in more detail to resolve doubts).
Teacher: So, guys, you have correlated the heroes with the concepts of good and evil. Let's now figure out why you made this choice. To do this, several children will carefully work with the text of the story, follow the actions of the heroes and select material to characterize them.
V. Discovery of new knowledge.
Work in pairs.
1 pair How is the blacksmith Vakula depicted? In what episodes is his character revealed?
brightest? Suggest keywords that help describe his character.
2 pair What qualities of Oksana’s character are manifested in the following episodes:
Oksana in front of the mirror;
Conversation with the blacksmith;
The arrival of girlfriends.
Suggest keywords that reveal the character of the heroine.
3 pair How is Solokha shown in the story? What actions of her displease you?
Suggest keywords that reveal her character.
4 pair ( Experts) Follow the actions of the heroes (Oksana and Vakula)
correspond to Christian commandments, and which contradict them.
At this time, work is underway with the rest of the students to understand the image of the Devil.
Guys, how do you imagine the devil? (students speak out)
What the hell is Gogol? Find its description (working with the text of the story).
Guys, can Gogol’s features evoke a feeling of fear? (he does not cause fear, because he is like a person in everything).
Then why did you correlate it with the concept of EVIL? (he wanted to steal the month to take revenge on Vakula for painting him in the church in the picture of the Last Judgment).
What character traits distinguish him? (vindictiveness, cunning) - written down in a notebook.
How do you understand Gogol’s words: “The last night left the devil to wander around the world and learn his sins good people"? What night are we talking about? (The night before Christmas).
Guys, this night is not quite ordinary, it is special. Want to know why it's special? Then let's listen to a message about this (a student speaks with a pre-prepared individual task on the theme “Christmas Eve. Caroling. Folk traditions").
Teacher: So now we understand why evil forces behave most actively on the eve of Christmas, trying to harm people or force God-fearing people to sin.
Which of the characters in the story, in your opinion, is in tune with the image of the Devil? (Solokha). Let's listen to what the guys will tell about this heroine (students presenting the results of their work in pairs. In the end, we come to the conclusion that Solokha is the embodiment of evil, because she wants to quarrel between her son and Chub in order to marry him and take over his property; she collects stars in her sleeve to harm Orthodox Christians; key words for the image: greedy, capable of deception, selfish).
Teacher: So do the Devil and Solokha manage to achieve their plans? Let's check how carefully you read the text of the story, and at the same time you can rest a little.
Physical education minute (the teacher asks the students questions and statements about the text of the story, the students answer, and if they agree with the statement, they clap their hands, if not, then they squat).
Solokha married Chub and took over all his property (no);
The month that the Devil stole from the sky was hidden by him in a bag (yes);
Patsyuk was also associated with evil spirits (yes);
Vakula got to St. Petersburg (for the slippers) on horses (no);
At first Oksana laughs at Vakula, at his feelings (yes);
Vakula nevertheless enters into a conspiracy with evil spirits in order to achieve Oksana’s love (no, but the guys may doubt the answer, so we suggest we look into Vakula’s image in more detail).
Teacher: So, a group of guys watched Vakula’s actions. How is the blacksmith Vakula shown? (students’ presentation with the results of their work in pairs). (key words for the image: hardworking, kind, faithful, knows how to love, appreciate beauty, capable of self-sacrifice) - this is an exclusively positive hero.
Teacher: Guys, at the beginning of the lesson you found it difficult to determine Oksana’s place in the world of good and evil. Let's look at this image by first listening to the guys who prepared the characterization of the heroine (students, analyzing the main episodes, come to the conclusion that Oksana is spoiled, capricious, proud, envious, and proud).
Teacher: Guys, does the resulting characterization of the heroine allow us to relate her to the world of good or evil? (students' statements and opinions may be contradictory). Since today we are talking about the events that took place on Christmas night, we must remember that the actions of the heroes are primarily assessed from the point of view of Christian commandments. How many of you know the basics of Christian commandments?
Let's turn to our experts for help who tried to figure this out.
Speech by experts.(as a result, students should come to the conclusion that Oksana’s envy, pride, and excessive pride are from the evil one, it is a sin, and therefore EVIL.
To the question: is it possible? dark forces on Christmas Eve, to break the blacksmith’s faith, to force him to sin, the students must answer that he really almost sinned: first he almost drowned himself (this is suicide, a terrible sin), and then he decided to sell his soul to the devil for Oksana’s love. But this doesn't happen. His faith is so strong that he managed to stop in time and not commit a sin, i.e. the pure soul of the hero turns out to be stronger than the machinations of evil forces).
Teacher: Guys, what do you think, all the attempts evil spirits destroy the world of beauty and love ended in complete collapse or, on the contrary, triumph? What turned out to be stronger? (students notice that good triumphs at the end of the story).
Teacher: What about Oksana? After all, apart from external beauty, we did not see anything positive in her. (students notice that at the end of the story she changes, because she understands that real gold is not what glitters (cherevichki, for example), but Vakula’s pure soul. And it is Vakula’s sincere love, his fidelity, inner beauty). - students confirm these conclusions with the text of the story.
Conclusions from the lesson.
Thus, guys, we are convinced that against the backdrop of a frosty Christmas night under the arch of a high starry sky, goodness, beauty and love triumph. The devil, instead of getting Vakula’s soul, himself becomes his servant and is expelled in disgrace from the farm and from the soul of the wayward Oksana. Solokha was also left with nothing, since Chub regained his sight and saw her insidious essence. In a word, GOOD defeated EVIL.
VI. Reflection.
Teacher: And now, guys, let's return to the proverbs with which we started our lesson. Which of them, in your opinion, are most in tune with our conversation today, with our heroes? (students' assumptions). Is there one among them that you would take for yourself as a life motto?
I'm done.
I'm happy with my job.
I could have done a better job.
I discovered a lot during the lesson.
During the course of my work, I had questions that I would like answers to.
And I would like to end our lesson with the words:
Good is the light that prevents our souls from getting lost in the darkness of the night;
Good is the strength that helps us endure any challenge.
So let your souls be filled with goodness,
And let it be a faithful and reliable companion in your life.
Homework. Write a syncwine either on the topic “Vakula” or on the topic “Oksana”.
Target:
· identify the role of fantastic characters in the work, the meaning of the contrast between the real world of Dikanka and fantasy world St. Petersburg; determine the artistic idea of the story;
· develop oral speech students while composing a story about a hero and expressive reading;
· cultivate interest in the personality and work of N.V. Gogol.
Equipment: Multimedia presentation; fragments of animated and feature films; excerpts from their opera “The Night Before Christmas” by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
DURING THE CLASSES.
I. Organizing time.
1. The teacher's word.
Gogol's favorite method of depiction was contrast. “The true effect is in sharp contrast; beauty is never as bright and visible as in contrast,” wrote Gogol in the article “On the architecture of the present time.” As a rule, in the stories of the cycle human world meets the world of evil spirits.
2. Watching a fragment of a cartoon (the beginning of a story) about a witch and the devil.
3. The image of Solokha.
What actions of Solokha displease you? What fairy tale heroine does she resemble? (Solokha is similar to the fairy-tale Baba Yaga. She collects stars in her sleeve to annoy Orthodox Christians. She has love spells, does not have maternal feelings for her son Vakula, wants to quarrel between him and Chub, because she dreams of marrying Chub and taking everything into her hands his property).
Does Solokha differ in appearance from “forty-year-old gossips” like her? (The witch is trying to find a profitable husband, resorting not to witchcraft at all, but to ordinary means all the forty-year-old gossips.” The witch is not so different from ordinary women that he even goes to church. Many people like her. The heroine is smart, courteous, and admiring her dressed up, they think: “Eh, kind woman! Damn woman! When giving Solokha a compliment, the Cossacks, without knowing it, call her essence).
Does Solokha look like a real witch? (It remains not entirely clear whether Solokha is a real witch; first the narrator tells how Solokha flew across the sky, and then he expresses doubt about the rumors that Solokha is a witch: “But all this is somehow doubtful, because only one Sorochinsky assessor can see the witch").
What is the comedy of the situation in which Solokha’s guests find themselves? (The guests do not suspect that Solokha is deceiving them. Everything is revealed by chance. The questions about the weather and boots with which the heroes try to cover up their extreme embarrassment sound especially comical).
4. The image of the devil.
Does the devil in "The Night Before Christmas" evoke a feeling of fear? (No, because he looks like a man in everything: “...in front he’s completely German, in the back he’s a real provincial attorney in uniform, because he had a tail hanging, so sharp and long, like today’s uniform coattails”; he looked after the witch just like a man: “... a small demon approached, grabbed her by the arm and began to whisper in her ear the same thing that is usually whispered to the entire female race.”
Gogol exclaims: “In a word, everything gets into people! When will these people not be fussy! You can bet that many will find it surprising to see the devil running into the same place. The most annoying thing is that he probably imagines himself handsome, while his figure is ashamed to look at. Erysipelas, as Foma Grigorievich says, is an abomination, an abomination, but he, too, makes love hens!
The devil appears before the reader as part of a farcical folk performance, one of the characters of Ukrainian folk holiday and fair life).
Why did the devil vow to take revenge on the blacksmith? (Vakula is an artist who creates paintings on religious subjects, and to depict the devil - from a funny or ugly side - means to master evil, to overcome it. Therefore, the devil interferes with the work of the blacksmith, who paints how St. Peter expels him from hell on the day of the Last Judgment evil spirit. No matter how hard the devil tried, nothing worked out for him. Since then, the devil has taken revenge on the blacksmith.)
Why did Vakula turn out to be stronger than the devil?
5. The teacher's word.
This view of the devil - the devil is stupid, poor, harmless - is a folklore, popular view.
In "The Night Before Christmas" the devil is busy with his usual task - hunting for a soul - where he traditionally fails completely. His tricks are so naive, his expression of feelings is so direct, that the “enemy of the human race” looks more like a petty prankster. Against his will, the devil helps Vakula first get to St. Petersburg, and then get, together with the Cossacks, who “were traveling from the Sich with papers to the queen,” to the palace and receive the treasured “cherevichki” from the hands of the empress.
What else helped the hero defeat the devil? Does it matter that Vakula is a believer? (The devil can be ridiculed, humiliated, but all this will remain a half-measure. Only the intervention of the power of good, which is reflected in God, can finally defeat evil, embodied in the image of the unclean.
For his communication with evil spirits, the pious blacksmith bears “church repentance” and paints the “left wing” in the temple for free, and draws the devil in hell “so disgusting that everyone spits when they pass by”).
6. The image of Pot-bellied Patsyuk.
What do we learn about Patsyuk's past?
What is Patsyuk's appearance like?
What folklore landscape does Patsyuk resemble?
7. Message from a trained student about the Pogany Idol.
The filthy Idolische is an epic hero, a representative of a dark hostile force, “unchrist,” “Tatarism.” Much has been preserved about his fight with Ilya Muromets variety of options. According to some of them, he killed “with the hat of the Greek land” the Filthy Idolishche, “which abolished the ringing of bells and forbade saved alms,” and thereby saved Kyiv from it (according to others, Constantinople). The filthy Idolishche, also called “wicked”, “unbaptized”, “damned Tatar”, “cursed”, “glutton” and compared with Tugarin Zmievich, says about himself:
I eat bread from the oven,
And I eat a whole banner of meat,
And I drink three yands of beer (up to 40 buckets).
According to the description of the Kalika-hero Ivanishch and Alyosha Popovich -
His head is like a beer cauldron,
And the damned one has eyes like beer bowls,
And the bearer became an arrow of knees,
There are oblique fathoms in the shoulders,
And the body is like a countless heap of hay.
His horse is led by 20 people.
What is the difference between Gogol and Idolishch? (Patsyuk, unlike Idolishche, does good to the residents of Dikanka: he heals them with spells. Many turned to Patsyuk for help, because within a few days after the former Cossack’s arrival in the village, “everyone... found out that he was a healer”).
Why didn’t Vakula decide to accept help from Patsyuk?
How is evil spirits (witch, devil, sorcerer) depicted in the story? (The heroes of “The Night Before Christmas” are not as scary as they are comical, not magical, but everyday. It is no coincidence that the author puts both Solokha and the devil in comic situations: Vakul deftly grabs the confused devil by the tail, who fears the “terrible cross” more than anything else in the world "; Patsyuk eating dumplings and dumplings with sour cream during Lent looks more funny than scary).
8. Fantastic and real in the story. An expressive reading of the episode from the words “At first it seemed scary to Vakula...” to the words “... I should still consult with them.”
What is more in the description of Vakula’s flight – fantastic or real? (When the blacksmith flies on a line across the night sky, it seems that he is simply driving along a crowded street - this is how all mythological forces behave humanly).
Where does the fairy tale begin for Vakula? (Magic, fairy tales are not devils and witches, otherwise Far Far Away kingdom, something like the light where Vakula - Petersburg falls.)
9. The teacher's word.
There are two worlds in the story - the real (the world of Dikanka) and the fairy-tale (Petersburg). The picture of the night capital turns out to be more fantastic than the picture of the sky populated by “spirits”. The capital in the night illumination is a distant, unprecedented and exotic view. The amazingness and strangeness of the picture is especially enhanced by the fact that things almost come to life: houses grow, rise from the ground, looking with fiery eyes. In “Night...” for the first time in Russian literature, Petersburg at night appears, the beauty of the city is described in artificial lighting. Later, this is exactly what Petersburg will often be like for Gogol himself, and for many Russian writers and poets.
Expressive reading from the words “Have mercy, mom! Why are you destroying the faithful people…” to the words “Take me out of here quickly.” (Can be replaced by watching a fragment from a feature film).
What did the Cossacks come to ask for? (The Cossacks came to ask the empress to preserve the Zaporozhye Sich).
Was the request of the Cossacks fulfilled? (The request was denied. Russian Empress Catherine II signed the manifesto “On the destruction of the Zaporozhye Sich and on its inclusion in the Novorossiysk province” on August 5, 1775)
Why doesn't Gogol show this historical moment?
n “The true effect lies in the sharp opposite; beauty is never as bright and visible as in contrast,” wrote N.V. Gogol n As a rule, in the stories of the cycle, the human world meets the world of evil spirits.
What actions of Solokha displease you? What fairy tale heroine does she resemble? ü Does Solokha differ in appearance from “forty-year-old gossips” like her? ü Does Solokha look like a real witch? ü Why did Solokha quarrel between her son Vakula and the Cossack Chub? ü
Does The Night Before Christmas make you feel afraid? ü Why did the devil vow to take revenge on the blacksmith? ü Why does Vakula turn out to be stronger than the devil? ü What else helped the hero defeat the devil? Does it matter that Vakula is a believer? ü
What do we learn from the author about Patsyuk’s past? ü What is Patsyuk’s appearance? ü What folklore character does Patsyuk resemble? (remember his description) ü Why didn’t Vakula decide to accept help from Patsyuk’s hands? ü
How is evil spirits depicted in the story? n Scary or comical? Is he getting his way? The devil, instead of getting Vakula’s soul, he himself becomes his servant and is expelled in disgrace from the farm and from the soul of the wayward Oksana. Ø Solokha was left with nothing, since Chub received his sight and saw her insidious essence. Ø All attempts to destroy the world of beauty and love ended in complete failure, and the evil that he directed against people turned against them!
Flight of Vakula n What is more in the description of Vakula’s flight - fantastic or real? n Where does the fairy tale begin for Vakula? n -What character traits does Vakula display?
Vakula in the palace üHow is the path to the palace depicted? üWhose eyes do we look at the palace? üHow do the realistic and the fantastic compare in the scene in the palace?
Vakula among the Cossacks How did the Cossacks receive Vakula? ü Was the request of the Cossacks fulfilled? ü What is realistic and what is fantastic in this episode? ü
Gogol's moral and aesthetic ideal is a narcissistic and selfish coquette with amazing external beauty. But she loves no one but herself, constantly humiliates Vakula, laughs at his feelings, and hurts Vakula’s sensitive heart with her ridicule. A simple Cossack, a village blacksmith, but has a rich inner world, his soul reaches out to everything beautiful: painting, music, religion. He amazes the reader with loyalty, devotion, and selfless service to his work.
After Vakula’s disappearance, Oksana begins to understand... n True value is not gold, not wealth (she didn’t even look at the royal shoes) but the “gold” of Vakula’s soul - devotion, kindness, selflessness, nobility, real love n n Vakula drives the devil out not only from the farmstead, but also from the soul of the narcissistic beauty!
n n n Write a cinquain on the topic: “The Evolution of the Beauty Oksana.” Cinquain (from French cinquains, English cinquain) is creative work, which is a short poem consisting of five unrhymed lines and written in following rules: Rules for constructing a syncwine: 1 line - 1 keyword - the theme of the syncwine, defining the content (usually a noun). Line 2 - 2 adjectives describing the topic. Line 3 - 3 verbs characterizing the actions that the noun performs. Line 4 - a short sentence, a phrase of 4 words showing your attitude to the topic of the noun. Line 5 - synonym or your associations from one word that repeats the essence of the topic (usually a noun).
Purpose: · to identify the role of fantastic characters in the work, the meaning of the contrast between the real world of Dikanka and the fantastic world of St. Petersburg; determine the artistic idea of the story; · develop students’ oral speech while composing a story about a hero and expressive reading; · cultivate interest in the personality and work of N.V. Gogol. Equipment: Multimedia presentation; fragments of animated and feature films; excerpts from their opera “The Night Before Christmas” by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. DURING THE CLASSES. I. Organizing time. II. Examination homework . 1. The teacher's word. Gogol's favorite method of depiction was contrast. “The true effect is in sharp contrast; beauty is never as bright and visible as in contrast,” wrote Gogol in the article “On the architecture of the present time.” As a rule, in the stories of the cycle, the human world meets the world of evil spirits. 2. Watching a fragment of a cartoon (the beginning of a story) about a witch and the devil. 3. The image of Solokha. - What actions of Solokha displease you? What fairy tale heroine does she resemble? (Solokha is similar to the fairy-tale Baba Yaga. She collects stars in her sleeve to annoy Orthodox Christians. She has love spells, does not have maternal feelings for her son Vakula, wants to quarrel between him and Chub, because she dreams of marrying Chub and taking everything into her hands his property). - Does Solokha differ in appearance from “forty-year-old gossips” like her? (The witch is trying to find a profitable husband, resorting not to witchcraft at all, but “to the usual means of all forty-year-old gossips.” The witch is so no different from ordinary women that she even goes to church. Many people feel sympathy for her. The heroine is smart, courteous, and admiring her, dressed up, the Cossacks think: "Eh, good woman! Damn woman! " Complimenting Solokha, the Cossacks, without knowing it, call her essence). - Does Solokha look like a real witch? (It remains not entirely clear whether Solokha is a real witch; first the narrator tells how Solokha flew across the sky, and then he expresses doubt about the rumors that Solokha is a witch: “But all this is somehow doubtful, because only one Sorochinsky assessor can see the witch"). - What is the comedy of the situation in which Solokha’s guests find themselves? (The guests do not suspect that Solokha is deceiving them. Everything is revealed by chance. The questions about the weather and boots with which the heroes try to cover up their extreme embarrassment sound especially comical). 4. The image of the devil. - Does the devil in “The Night Before Christmas” evoke a feeling of fear? (No, because he looks like a man in everything: “...in front he’s completely German, in the back he’s a real provincial attorney in uniform, because he had a tail hanging, so sharp and long, like today’s uniform coattails”; he looked after the witch just like a man: "... having arrived as a small demon, he grabbed her by the arm and began to whisper in her ear the same thing that is usually whispered to the entire female race." Gogol exclaims: "In a word, everything gets into people! When these people are not vain! You can bet that Many will find it surprising to see the devil going there too. The most annoying thing is that he probably imagines himself handsome, while his figure is ashamed to look at. Erysipelas, as Foma Grigorievich says, is an abomination, an abomination, but he, too, makes love hens! The devil appears before the reader as part of a farcical folk performance, one of the characters of Ukrainian folk holiday and fair life). - Why did the devil vow to take revenge on the blacksmith? (Vakula is an artist who creates paintings on religious subjects, and to depict the devil - from a funny or ugly side - means to master evil, to overcome it. Therefore, the devil interferes with the work of a blacksmith who paints how St. Peter on the day of the Last Judgment expels an evil spirit from hell. How No matter how hard the devil tried, nothing worked for him. Since then, the devil has taken revenge on the blacksmith.) - Why did Vakula turn out to be stronger than the devil? 5. The teacher's word. This view of the devil - the devil is stupid, poor, harmless - is a folklore, popular view. In "The Night Before Christmas" the devil is busy with his usual business - hunting for a soul - where he traditionally fails completely. His tricks are so naive, his expression of feelings is so direct, that the “enemy of the human race” looks more like a petty prankster. Against his will, the devil helps Vakula first get to St. Petersburg, and then get, together with the Cossacks, who “were traveling from the Sich with papers to the queen,” to the palace and receive the treasured “cherevichki” from the hands of the empress. - What else helped the hero defeat the devil? Does it matter that Vakula is a believer? (The devil can be ridiculed, humiliated, but all this will remain a half-measure. Only the intervention of the power of good, which is reflected in God, can finally defeat evil, embodied in the image of the evil spirit. For his communication with evil spirits, the pious blacksmith bears “church repentance” and paints for free in the temple there is “the left wing”, and the line in hell draws “so disgusting that everyone spits when they pass by”). 6. The image of Pot-bellied Patsyuk. - What do we learn about Patsyuk’s past? - What is Patsyuk’s appearance? - What folklore landscape does Patsyuk resemble? 7. Message from a trained student about the Pogany Idol. The filthy Idolische is an epic hero, a representative of a dark hostile force, “unchrist,” “Tatarism.” There are many different versions of his fight with Ilya Muromets. According to some of them, Ilya Muromets killed “with the hat of the Greek land” the Filthy Idol, “who abolished the ringing of bells and forbade saved alms,” and thereby saved Kyiv from him (according to others, Constantinople). The filthy Idolishche, also called “wicked”, “unbaptized”, “damned Tatar”, “cursed”, “glutton” and compared with Tugarin Zmievich, says about himself: I eat bread by the oven, And I eat meat by the whole banner, And I drink three yands of beer (up to 40 buckets). According to the description of the Kaliki-hero Ivanishch and Alyosha Popovich - His head is like a beer cauldron, And the eyes of the damned are like beer bowls, And his nose was like an arrow at the knees, There is an oblique fathom in his shoulders, And his body is like a countless heap of hay. His horse is led by 20 people. - How does Gogol’s hero differ from Idolishch? (Patsyuk, unlike Idolishche, does good to the residents of Dikanka: he heals them with spells. Many turned to Patsyuk for help, because within a few days after the former Cossack’s arrival in the village, “everyone... found out that he was a healer”). - Why didn’t Vakula decide to accept help from Patsyuk? - How are evil spirits (witch, devil, sorcerer) depicted in the story? (The heroes of “The Night Before Christmas” are not as scary as they are comical, not magical, but everyday. It is no coincidence that the author puts both Solokha and the devil in comic situations: Vakul deftly grabs the confused devil by the tail, who fears the “terrible cross” more than anything else in the world "; Patsyuk eating dumplings and dumplings with sour cream during Lent looks more funny than scary). 8. Fantastic and real in the story. An expressive reading of the episode from the words “At first it seemed scary to Vakula...” to the words “... I should still consult with them.” - What is more in the description of Vakula’s flight - fantastic or real? (When the blacksmith flies on a line across the night sky, it seems that he is simply driving along a crowded street - this is how all mythological forces behave humanly). - Where does the fairy tale begin for Vakula? (Magical, fairy-tale - this is not devils and witches, but that distant kingdom, something like that world where Vakula - Petersburg ends up.) 9. The teacher’s word. There are two worlds in the story - the real (the world of Dikanka) and the fairy-tale (Petersburg). The picture of the night capital turns out to be more fantastic than the picture of the sky populated by “spirits”. The capital in the night illumination is a distant, unprecedented and exotic view. The amazingness and strangeness of the picture is especially enhanced by the fact that things almost come to life: houses grow, rise from the ground, looking with fiery eyes. In “Night...” for the first time in Russian literature, Petersburg at night appears, the beauty of the city in artificial lighting is described. Later, this is exactly what Petersburg will often be like for Gogol himself, and for many Russian writers and poets. - Expressive reading from the words “Have mercy, mom! Why are you destroying the faithful people…” to the words “Take me out of here quickly.” (Can be replaced by watching a fragment from a feature film). - What did the Cossacks come to ask for?
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