Officials are going to rewrite Government Resolution No. 162 of February 25, 2000, which lists professions prohibited for women. The list, which has actually been preserved since 1974, is being updated in connection with changes in production technologies and “social and hygienic working conditions” in various fields.
Prohibited professions for women are discussed by trade unions and employers. Among the professions that are proposed to be made accessible are:
- driver of a bus with 14 or more seats (but there are exceptions, for example, suburban transportation does not fall under this category);
- diver;
- stereotyper;
- special equipment operators;
- a porter involved in moving luggage and carry-on luggage;
- adjusters various kinds equipment;
- locomotive driver and assistant driver;
- train compiler.
How is women's work regulated?
In Russia, equality of genders and opportunities is declared. At the same time, state policy is aimed at protecting motherhood and childhood, therefore some privileges are provided for female workers.
A separate article is devoted to the peculiarities of regulating women's labor. It introduces certain restrictions on the use of female power and provides additional guarantees and benefits to mothers with young children. Among them:
- not being required to work at night, on weekends and non-working hours holidays;
- ban on overtime work;
- inability to go on business trips;
- provision of additional leaves, etc.
What jobs should women not be used for?
According to the list approved by Government Resolution No. 162, representatives of the fair sex cannot work in some specialties in almost 40 areas. They are prohibited from working to some extent:
- underground in the mining industry;
- forging and pressing and thermal;
- some construction and repair and construction;
- in the field of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy;
- V civil aviation;
- in various manufacturing sectors.
The resolution also lists specific professions that are not available to women. This is a metal pourer, a miner who works with hand-held pneumatic tools, an asphalt concrete worker, a carpenter, a blacksmith-driller, an aircraft mechanic (technician) for instruments, electrical equipment, engines, a sailor, a car repairman who manually washes engine parts, a train builder, etc. A total of 456 prohibited professions have been approved.
At the same time, it is clarified that the employer has the right to employ women in the jobs (professions, positions) included in the list if they have been created safe conditions labor, and this is confirmed by the results and positive conclusion of the regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Service.
What to exclude
The Ministry of Labor says it will exclude certain professions from the list only after doctors confirm their safety for women’s health. How it differs from men’s, how long the tests will last, how much the list will be reduced - all these are still open questions. But the officials themselves always emphasize the need to protect the reproductive health of the fair sex.
At the same time, experts are confident that the age of technology has long required change. “A detailed review and adjustment of the list taking into account technical progress is quite relevant,” says Sergei Eliseev, president of the Union of Independent Experts and Interim Managers. — Considering that technology and electronics have come a long way, some of the work has ceased to be difficult and/or harmful. For example, the work of a motor grader, bulldozer or excavator driver using modern equipment with hydraulic booster, cabin air conditioning and specialized service repairs can no longer be difficult.”
Whether it is worth restricting a woman’s right to be a boatswain or a diesel locomotive driver at all is, of course, a controversial question. But officials are not yet ready to allow the ladies to decide for themselves what is best for them to do - clean the boilers or dry the diapers.
Express your opinion on the article or ask the experts a question to get an answer
1. Fisherman
Women in Russia are not prohibited from fishing; restrictions apply only to coastal fishing “on hand-pulled cast nets, ice fishing on cast nets, set nets and vents.”
2. Electric train driver
Women are prohibited from working not only as drivers of electric trains, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, and diesel trains, but also as their assistants.
3. Bus driver
Women are prohibited from working as bus drivers for more than 14 years. seats. The restriction does not apply to urban and suburban transport.
4. Boatswain
In Russia there cannot be female boatswains, sailors, skippers and mates.
5. Luggage and hand luggage porter at the airport
If you see a woman moving your luggage or hand luggage at the airport, know that this is a violation of Russian laws.
6. Bulldozer driver
Women are not allowed to work on tractors, trucks, snowmobiles, or bulldozers.
7. Forest feller
Stump remover and forest feller are not female professions.
8. Diver
9. Cattle Fighter
Restrictions for women apply when dealing with cattle and pigs.
10. Carpenter
And here is a complete list of HEAVY WORK AND WORK WITH HARMFUL OR DANGEROUS WORKING CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IS PROHIBITED
I. Lifting and moving work
weights manually, in case of excess established standards extremely permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually
II. Underground works
2. Underground work in the mining industry
III. Metalworking
Foundry work
workers:
3. Cupola maker
4. Casting beater engaged in manual knocking
5. Charge loader in cupolas and furnaces, engaged in loading charge
manually
6. Casting welder
7. Metal pourer
8. Chopper working with pneumatic tools
9. Melter of metal and alloys
10. Workers engaged in hanging hot castings on the conveyor and
maintenance and repair of equipment in foundry tunnels
Welding work
11. Gas welder and electric welder manual welding, working in
closed containers (cisterns, boilers, etc.), as well as at high altitudes
communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejacks
works
Boiler rooms, cold forming, drawing
and pressing works
Work performed by profession:
12. Boilermaker
13. A turner on turning and pressing machines, busy at work
manually
14. A chaser engaged in work with a manual pneumatic
tool
Forging - pressing and thermal work
Work performed by profession:
15. A bandage worker engaged in hot work
16. A spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs
from wire with a diameter of over 10 mm
17. Roller busy rolling out rings while hot
18. Spring operator at hot metal processing
Metal coating and painting
19. Sealing inside the caisson - tanks
20. Full time job for hot lead plating (not
galvanic)
Metalwork and metalwork - assembly work
Work performed by profession:
21. Driller - a pneumatic operator who does the work
a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the worker’s hands
22. Locksmith - repairman,
23. Working with lead
IV. Construction, installation
and repair and construction work
24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces
25. Uprooting stumps
26. Fastening structures and parts using construction materials
- mounting gun
27. Slab breaking works, dismantling of buildings and structures
28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete,
reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and with
using pneumatic tools
Work performed by profession:
29. Fixture worker employed at manual installation frames, manual,
bending machines and shears
30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker - welder, employed in
working manually
31. Hydraulic monitor
32. A digger engaged in sinking wells
33. A mason working on the laying of a modular
solid sand-lime brick
34. Roofer for steel roofs
35. Caisson operator - operator, caisson operator - tunneler, caisson operator -
mechanic, caisson maker - electrician
36. Motor grader operator
37. Asphalt dispenser driver, pit driver
38. Concrete pump operator, driver
bitumen melting mobile unit
39. Bulldozer driver
40. Grader-elevator driver
41. Operator of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer
42. Asphalt concrete paver operator
43. Single-bucket excavator operator, excavator operator
rotary (ditch and trench)
44. Operator of a mobile electric welding unit with
engine internal combustion
45. A mobile power plant operator working on
power plants with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150
hp and more
46. Communications installer - antenna operator, busy with work on high
47. Installer for installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures
when working at heights and steeplejack operations
48. Lead solder (lead solder)
49. Carpenter
50. A mechanic is a plumber engaged in sewer repairs.
networks
51. Pipe laying of industrial reinforced concrete pipes
52. Pipe laying industrial brick pipes
V. Mining operations
Open pit mining and surface mining
and mines and mines under construction, enrichment, agglomeration,
briquetting
Work performed in general mining and
mining works:
53. Hole driller
54. Detonator, master - detonator
55. Miner for fire prevention and extinguishing
56. Delivery of fastening materials to the mine
57. Fastener
58. Blacksmith - drilling refueling operator
59. Drilling rig operator
60. Loader driver
61. Machine operator for drilling full-section mine shafts
62. Excavator operator
63. Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling away of trolleys
64. Miner
65. The stemman, busy manually feeding trolleys into the cage
way
66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins
67. Electrician (fitter) on duty and for repairs
equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment
68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in
alumina production
69. A roaster engaged in the process of firing raw materials and
materials in mercury production
70. Workers and foremen of processing and crushing plants -
sorting factories
71. Workers employed in lead enrichment shops
72. Workers and craftsmen engaged in the enrichment of niobium
(loparite) ores
Construction of subways, tunnels and underground
special purpose structures
Work performed by profession:
73. Mining equipment installer
74. Miner at surface works
Ore mining
Work performed by profession:
75. Placer miner
76. Bit refueler
77. Drager
78. Dredge sailor
79. Dredge driver
80. Rocket launcher operator
Extraction and processing of peat
Work performed by profession:
81. Ditchman
82. Groomer
83. Operator of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat
84. Operator of machines for preparing peat deposits for
operation
85. Peat excavator operator
86. A peat worker engaged in felling trees on the pavement
peat bricks
VI. Geological exploration
and topographical and geodetic works
Work performed by profession:
92. Detonator, master - detonator
93. Installer of geodetic signs
94. Electrician (fitter) on duty and for repairs
field equipment
VII. Drilling of the wells
Work performed by profession:
95. Production and production driller exploratory drilling wells
for oil and gas
96. Vyshkomontazhnik, vyshkomontazhnik - welder, vyshkomontazhnik -
electrician
97. Drilling rig operator
98. Well cementing operator
99. Mechanic of a cementing unit, mechanic of a cement -
sand mixing unit
100. Pipe crimper
101. Assistant production and exploration driller
drilling wells for oil and gas (first)
102. Assistant production and exploration driller
drilling wells for oil and gas (second)
103. Drilling mud preparer engaged in preparing
solution manually
104. Drilling rig maintenance mechanic, directly employed
on drilling rigs
105. Mechanic - a repairman engaged in repairing a drilling rig
equipment
106. Tool joint installer
107. Electrician for drilling rig maintenance
VIII. Mining of oil and gas
Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
108. Driller overhaul wells
109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
110. Mobile steam dewaxing operator
installations
111. Mobile compressor operator
112. Lift operator
113. Washing unit operator
114. Hydraulic fracturing operator
115. Operator for preparing wells for capital and
underground repairs
116. Underground well repair operator
117. Well chemical treatment operator
118. Assistant driller for major workover of wells
119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
120. Workers, managers and specialists who are constantly employed
underground oil production
121. Mechanic for installation and repair of foundations of offshore drilling and
overpasses
122. A mechanic is a repairman engaged in installation and maintenance
technological equipment and oilfield repair
equipment
123. Electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment engaged in maintenance and repair
technological equipment
IX. Ferrous metallurgy
124. Ladle worker working with molten metal
125. A metal heater engaged in work in methodological,
chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production
126. Processor of surface defects of metal, employed at
working with pneumatic tools
Blast furnace production
Work performed by profession:
127. Top blast furnace
128. Blast Furnace Plumber
129. Blast furnace hearth
130. Car driver - scales
131. Skipova
Steelmaking
Work performed by profession:
132. Filling machine operator
133. Mixerova
134. Block stuffer
135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders
136. Melter of deoxidizers
137. Converter steelmaker's helper
138. Helper of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker
139. Helper of a steelmaker at an electroslag remelting installation
140. Electric furnace steelmaker's helper
141. Steel pourer
142. Converter steelmaker
143. Open hearth furnace steelmaker
144. Steelmaker of electroslag remelting plant
145. Electric furnace steelmaker
Rolling production
Work performed by profession:
146. Hot rolling mill roller
147. Pitch cook
148. Hot rolling mill operator's helper
149. Presser - stitcher of rail fastenings
150. A mechanic is a conductor employed in a long rolling mill
production
Pipe production
Work performed by profession:
151. Calibrating mill roller
152. Roller of a hot pipe rolling mill
153. Roller of a furnace pipe welding mill
154. Roller of a cold pipe rolling mill
155. Roller of a pipe forming mill
156. Pipe drawer employed in non-mechanized mills
157. Pipe calibrator on a press
158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses
159. Helper of a rolling mill for hot rolling of pipes
160. Helper of the roller of a cold pipe rolling mill
Ferroalloy production
Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
161. Forge of ferroalloy furnaces
162. A smelter engaged in smelting and granulating molten
vanadium pentoxide
163. Ferroalloy smelter
164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open
arc furnaces
165. Workers engaged in the production of metallic chromium and
chromium-containing alloys by aluminothermic method
Coke production
166. Work related to direct employment in
benzene production, hydrotreating and rectification
167. Barilletchik
168. Door
169. Crusher
170. Luke
171. Scrubber - a pump operator engaged in servicing phenolic
installations in the coking products recovery shop
172. Mechanic - a repairman engaged in servicing coke ovens
batteries
X. Non-ferrous metallurgy
Work performed in general professions:
173. Anode pourer engaged in pouring anode bottom sections
in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
174. Installer repairing bathtubs, engaged in drilling
recesses for the cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin
and silicon
175. Melter
176. Calcifier
177. Mechanic - repairman, electrician for repairs and
maintenance of electrical equipment, engaged in the main
metallurgical shops
178. Sinterer
179. A charger working at furnaces in the production of tin
Production of non-ferrous and rare metals,
production of non-ferrous metal powders
180. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
workshops (departments and areas) for the production of tetrachloride
titanium (tetrachloride)
181. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
loparite concentrate chlorination workshops
182. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
workshops (departments and areas) for the recovery of tetrachloride and
metal separation in the production of titanium metal
183. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in
departments (in areas) of chlorination and rectification of titanium
raw materials (slag)
184. Work performed by workers employed in the department
processing of slag by sublimation in a fuming installation in
tin production
185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting plants
workshops, as well as for processing cinders in the production of mercury
Work performed by profession:
186. Anode operator in aluminum production
187. Titanium sponge knocker
188. Pourer - metal pourer
189. Cathode
190. Converter
191. Capacitor
192. Installer of reaction apparatus, engaged in installation and
dismantling baths and furnaces, repairing and restoring reaction
devices
193. Mercury chopper
194. Pechevoy in the production of zinc dust
195. Pechevoy on Welzkilns
196. Pechevoy on the reduction and distillation of titanium and rare
metals
197. Furnace for the recovery of nickel powder
198. Furnace for processing titanium-containing and rare earth minerals
materials
199. Electrolyte bath sludge operator, engaged in manual cleaning of baths
way
200. Molten salt electrolyser
Pressure processing of non-ferrous metals
201. Work performed by a hot metal roller employed
for rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloys
Aluminum production by electrolytic method
202. Work performed by workers and craftsmen
Alumina production
203. Work performed by a material handler operator employed at
renovation work in hard to reach places pneumatic and
hydraulic material handlers
XI. Repair of power plant equipment and networks
Work performed by profession:
204. Repair electrician air lines power transmission,
engaged in steeplejack work repairing high-voltage lines
power transmission
205. Electrician for repair and installation of cable lines,
employed in the repair of cable glands with lead litharge and soldering
lead cable sleeves and sheaths
XII. Abrasives production
Work performed by profession:
206. Balancer - pourer abrasive wheels, busy
pouring lead into abrasive products
207. Bulldozer operator engaged in hot dismantling of furnaces
resistance in the production of abrasives
208. Melter of abrasive materials
209. Podina worker employed in the corundum workshop
210. Resistance furnace disassembler working in the workshop
silicon carbide production
XIII. Electrical production
Work performed in general professions:
211. Mercury distiller
212. Molder of mercury rectifiers performing work with
open mercury
Electrocoal production
213. Work performed by workers on pitch smelting
Cable production
Work performed by profession:
214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper, occupied
hot lead crimping
215. Remover of sheaths from cable products, engaged in filming
only lead casings
Production of chemical power sources
Work performed by profession:
216. Foundry worker of lead alloy products
217. Dry mass mixer (for lead batteries)
218. Melter of lead alloys
219. Battery plate cutter engaged in stamping -
separating formed lead plates
XIV. Radio engineering and electronic production
Work performed by profession:
220. Tester of parts and devices engaged in testing
devices in thermobaric chambers at a temperature of +28 degrees. From and above and
-60 degrees C and below, provided you are directly in them
221. Caster of magnets on furnaces - crystallizers
222. Melter of shopalloy and bismuth
XV. Aircraft production and repair
Work performed by profession:
223. Aircraft engine repairman and maintenance mechanic
units engaged in the repair of motors and units operating on
leaded gasoline
XVI. Shipbuilding and ship repair
Work performed by profession:
224. Reinforcement worker of reinforced concrete ships, busy working on
vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual
vibrators
225. Ship bender engaged in hot bending
226. Boilermaker
227. Painter, ship insulator, employed on painting work V
tanks, second bottom areas, warm boxes and others
hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as during cleaning work
old paint in the indicated areas of the vessels
228. Coppermaker for the manufacture of ship products, employed at
hot jobs
229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships
230. Workers of the delivery team at mooring, factory and
state tests
231. A ship's hewer engaged in work with manual
pneumatic tool
232. Metal ship hull assembler, employed at
sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface vessels with
constantly combining your work with an electric potholder,
gas cutting and manual pneumatic metal processing
tools, as well as for ship repairs
233. Mechanic - mechanic for testing installations and equipment,
engaged in the adjustment and testing of marine diesel engines in closed
premises and inside ships
234. A mechanic is a ship's assembler, engaged in installation inside
ships during repairs
235. Locksmith - a ship repairman engaged in work inside ships
236. Shipbuilder - repairman
237. Ship rigger
238. Ship's pipefitter
XVII. Chemical production
Work performed in chemical production by profession and
certain categories of workers:
239. Melting operator engaged in smelting and refining
pitch
240. Steamer engaged in tearing - steaming rubber
Production of inorganic products
Calcium carbide production
241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
furnaces and manual crushing of carbide
Phosgene production
242. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of mercury and its compounds
243. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages, except for production with remote
management
Production of yellow phosphorus
244. Workers, shift managers and specialists,
directly involved in the maintenance of mine slot furnaces,
roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation plants, in
departments of electric sublimation of phosphorus, on filling phosphorus
tanks, maintenance of storage tanks of phosphorus, phosphorus
sludge, sludge distillation and processing of fire-liquid slags
Phosphorus trichloride production
and phosphorus pentasulfide
245. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of chlorine using the mercury method
246. Workers engaged in technological stages
Production of liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide
247. Workers engaged in technological stages
Carbon disulfide production
248. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in
departments: retort and condensation
Work with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides
249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work
performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and
fluorides)
Production of arsenic and arsenic compounds
250. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of silicon tetrachloride
251. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of technical iodine
252. Workers engaged in squeezing iodine
Production of organic products
Production of benzathrone and its chlorine
and bromo derivatives, vilontron
253. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of aniline, paranitroaniline,
aniline salts and fluxes
254. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of benzidine and its analogues
255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees,
employed directly in production and at the dissolution station
specified products
Production of carbon tetrachloride,
golovaksa, rematol, sovol
256. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of chloropicrin
257. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of catalysts containing arsenic
258. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of ziram, mercury
and arsenic-containing pesticides
259. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Chloroprene production
260. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of chloroprene rubber and latex
261. Workers engaged in technological stages of polymerization
and product isolation
Production of ethyl liquid
262. Workers, managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of benzene, toluene, xylene
263. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Paint and varnish production
Production of lead litharge and red lead, lead
crowns, whitewash, lead green and Yarmedyanka
264. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production chemical fibers and threads
265. Regeneration operator engaged in regeneration
carbon disulfide
266. Operators engaged in contact molding
large-sized products with an area of 1.5 square meters. m or more
Production of medicines, medical, biological
drugs and materials
Antibiotic production
267. Filtration operator engaged in disassembling and assembling a filter
- presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manually
Obtaining morphine from raw opium
268. Filtration operator engaged in disassembly and assembly
filter - presses with frame size more than 500 mm manually
Androgen production
269. Operator for producing synthetic hormones, busy
obtaining testosterone preparations and its derivatives
XVIII. Production and processing of rubber compounds
Work performed by profession:
270. Vulcanizer engaged in loading and unloading products into
boilers over 6 meters long, vulcanization of propeller shafts
271. Rubber mixer operator
272. Workers employed in the departments: cold vulcanization,
production of radol and facts
273. Repairer of rubber products engaged in manufacturing
and repair of large rubber parts and products,
vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber
fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)
Production, retreading and repair of tires
274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, tire collector
(heavy duty)
XIX. Oil, gas, shale and coal processing, production
synthetic petroleum products, petroleum oils and lubricants
Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
275. Coke cleaner
276. Coke unloader
277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological installations for gasoline leading
278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments
production of aromatic hydrocarbons
279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions at
purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gas
XX. Logging work and timber rafting
Logging work
280. Loading and unloading of round timber (for
excluding balance sheets, mining stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
281. Stacking of round timber (except
pulpwood, mining stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
Work performed by profession:
282. Forest feller
283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and
hilling longitudes, chopping firewood, harvesting and cutting stump
tar, as well as wood harvesting using manual
tools
284. Navalshchik - timber piler,
285. Chokerer
Timber rafting
Work performed by profession:
286. Raftsman
287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging
288. Raft shaper
XXI. Production of pulp, paper,
cardboard and products made from them
Work performed by profession:
289. Operator for the preparation of chemical solutions, employed at
dissolving chlorine
290. Impregnation operator engaged in production
anti-corrosion and inhibited paper
291. Cooker of fibrous raw materials
292. Pulp cook
293. Woodpair
294. Pyrite crusher
295. Loader of balances into defibrators
296. Loader of pyrites, sulfur furnaces and turmas
297. Sulphate loader
298. Acid
299. Mixer
300. Acid tank liner
301. Fiber sawmill
302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in impregnation
fiber
303. Sulfurous acid regenerator
304. Mechanic - repairman, lubricator, cleaner of industrial and
office premises, electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment involved in the production of sulfite pulp and
sulfurous acid
305. Sodaman
306. Dryer of a paper-making (cardboard-making) machine,
employed in high-speed paper and board mills
machines operating at speeds of 400 or more meters per minute
307. Chlorine man
XXII. Cement production
308. Work performed by workers cleaning sludge
pools and chatterboxes
XXIII. Stone processing and production
stone foundry products
Work performed by profession:
309. Stone casting pourer
310. Stonemaker
311. Stonecutter
312. Mill operator busy breaking diabase crushed stone in
powder
313. Stone processing equipment operator
314. Stone sawyer
315. Stone miller
XXIV. Production of reinforced concrete
And concrete products and designs
316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products
XXV. Production of thermal insulation materials
Work performed by profession:
317. Bitumen worker
318. Cupola maker
XXVI. Production of soft roofing
and waterproofing materials
319. Work performed by the digester loader
XXVII. Production of glass and glass products
Work performed by profession:
320. Quartz blower (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter
up to 100 mm and wall thickness up to 3 mm)
321. Quartz smelter
322. Mirror dyer working with mercury
323. Batch compiler engaged in manual work using
red lead
324. Halmovschik
Production of leather shoes
341. Work as a molder of parts and products working on machines
"Anklepf" type
XXIX. Food industry
342. Baling waste from corrugated packaging production
Work performed in general food production occupations
products:
343. Diffusion operator servicing diffusers
periodic action when loading manually
344. Ice harvester engaged in harvesting ice in reservoirs and
laying it out in riots
345. Bone charcoal maker
346. Cleaning machine operator engaged in disassembly
separators manually
Production of meat products
Work performed by profession:
347. Livestock fighter engaged in operations of stunning, picking up,
bleeding of large and small ruminants and pigs;
evisceration, manual removal of cattle hides;
sawing up carcasses; scalds and scorches of pork carcasses and heads; carcass processing
cattle horizontally
348. Skin peeler
349. Skin processor
Fish extraction and processing
350. All types of work in the field, prospecting and receiving areas -
transport sea vessels
351. Manually turning barrels of fish
Work performed by profession:
352. Loader - an unloader of food products employed at
loading grids with canned food into autoclaves manually
353. Processor of sea animals, engaged in fleshing skins
sea beast
354. Fish processor engaged in pouring and unloading fish
manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable
containers; mixing fish in salting vats by hand
355. Presser - a food product squeezer employed in
pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels by hand
356. Receiver of watercraft
357. Coastal fisherman engaged in manual casting
seines, ice fishing with cast seines, fixed nets and
venteri
Bakery production
358. Work performed by a dough maker employed in a dough mixing plant
machines with rolling bowls with a capacity of over 330 liters at
moving them manually
Tobacco - makhorka and fermentation production
359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker employed
transportation of bales of tobacco
Perfume and cosmetic production
360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding
mercury amidochloride
Extraction and production of table salt
Work performed by profession:
361. Salt piler in swimming pools
362. Pool preparer
363. Track worker on the lake
XXX. Rail transport and metro
Work performed by profession and individual categories
workers:
364. Battery worker repairing lead batteries
365. The driver of the handcar and his assistant, working for
366. Freight train conductor
367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot
368. Diesel train driver and his assistant
369. A locomotive driver and his assistant working for
broad gauge railway lines
370. Locomotive driver and his assistant
371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant
372. Traction unit operator and his assistant
373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant
374. Electric train driver and his assistant
375. Track fitter (if the established standards are exceeded, the maximum
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects
manually)
376. Porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage
377. Inspector - wagon repairman
378. Puncher - pipe blower
379. Conductor for escorting cargo and special wagons, busy
escorting cargo on open rolling stock
380. Locomotive boiler cleaner
381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, engaged
on impregnation using oil antiseptics
382. Car speed controller
383. Rolling stock repairman performing
works:
for repairing fittings on steam locomotives when washing them warmly;
in fire and smoke boxes;
for purging the bottom and gutters of electric rolling stock and
diesel locomotives with electric transmission;
for disassembling, repairing and assembling drainage devices and
safety valves, inspection and filling of drain valves
devices in tanks containing petroleum products and chemical products
384. Train compiler, assistant train compiler
385. Contact line electrician employed at
electrified railways work at height
386. Workers loading asbestos waste, constantly
working in a ballast quarry of asbestos waste
The list continues here -
A bit more interesting information for you: for example, the curious ones, and here they are. Remember also what it is The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -
Since 1974, Russia has officially had a list of 456 professions prohibited for women. The list includes specialties that many men cannot do, but representatives of the “weaker sex” are still dissatisfied. For almost half a century they have been proving that they can do any job and are free to choose their own professional path. IN last years The government promises to revise the list and leave only types of work harmful to women’s health, but so far the list remains unchanged. Let's talk about 7 forbidden professions and brave ladies who were able to circumvent this ban.
Sailor
"Woman on a ship" Bad sign" It is unknown when exactly this old superstition appeared, but it is known that it still lives. And in Russia even at the legislative level. The harsh life at sea is considered too difficult for girls (“future mothers”), and staying on the same ship with men for several months is completely unbearable. But brave ladies do not pay attention to this touching concern for themselves and still rush into the sea. Women make up 1-2% of all sailors in the world, but this does not mean that there are none on ships at all. They become sailors, navigators, mates, captains and even receive the rank of admiral. In the United States, Admiral Michelle Howard controlled the entire fleet of the country, participated in the Gulf War and rescued her comrades from pirate captivity. But in Russia, girls are prohibited from serving on military ships.
The only captain (and also the only woman) in the Navy was Vera Kurochkina, who controlled a large hydrographic boat. This ship supported the combat activities of other ships and was used for scientific purposes. In 2013, Captain Kurochkina was fired with the vague wording “due to changes in conditions employment contract" And a little later, the leadership of the Russian Navy promised that by 2018 there would be ships ready to take on board female specialists, but so far this has not happened. The few girls who do make it on board work on merchant and passenger ships. A situation where the entire command staff of a ship is made up of women is not yet possible in Russia. But once upon a time it was the Russian woman Anna Shchetinina who became the first woman sea captain.
Trucker
It’s hard for many of us to imagine, but being a truck driver can really be your dream job. Especially if you are a lady who is protected by law from driving and servicing buses and cars with a carrying capacity of over 2.5 tons. We are still surprised when we see a girl driving a taxi or minibus, let alone a truck. But we need to talk, because there are not so few such brave women in Russia. They drive huge trucks, one wheel of which can weigh more than the driver himself, and, without anyone else's help, manually change them on deserted, broken roads.
It is very difficult for a girl to get a job as a truck driver: car owners usually do not trust trucks and cargo to such fragile creatures. And in vain: in practice, they cope no worse than their colleagues, and the men they meet along the way (including police officers and even local bandits) are always happy to help the lady. But sexism cannot be avoided - male truck drivers often try to send a female driver to the kitchen or propose marriage. Work that involves constant travel does not prevent truck drivers from starting families. Relatives are proud that they do such difficult “male” work.
Electric train driver
Women are also prohibited from driving an electric train (that is, a metro). Subway workers consider this rule quite reasonable. A long stay underground is fraught with health problems for any person, but for girls, among other things, their reproductive functions may be impaired. However, the biggest concerns are caused by emergency situations. Metro workers can hardly imagine what a fragile girl will do with a train stuck in a tunnel or a person who has fallen under the wheels. After the war, women were actively recruited as machinists, and several years ago the last specialist from that recruitment, Natalya Kornienko, left the metro. Since then, there have been no typists in the metro, although one girl actively tried to get into the coveted chair through the court.
St. Petersburg resident Anna Klevets studied at the Faculty of Law and was looking for a part-time job. The position of assistant driver suited her quite well, but the metro management did not change its rules. Then the girl went to court, saying that the law was discriminatory and violated the constitution. Judging by the fact that there are still no women operating metro trains, Themis took the side of the government.
Welder
Truck drivers note that although it is difficult to get a job, there are no problems with salaries - both men and women receive the same amount. But welders often complain that they are oppressed at work: a man’s salary can be almost a third higher. Some welders are not allowed to receive new categories; sometimes they even register as an apprentice, and they give the same amount of work as a man with experience. But once upon a time the profession of a welder was considered almost female: during the war and for some time after, girls reigned in the workshops, and then a list appeared heavy work and specialists began to be suspended, despite the high skill they demonstrated. The work of a welder is really hard and dangerous, but not only for women, but for everyone in general. These specialists retire at the age of 45 - by that time they have already accumulated many health problems, in particular with vision and the thyroid gland. There are also fatalities at work: you can suffocate with gas (welding using argon is especially dangerous here) or get hit by someone’s tool.
Women are neat and responsible workers, which is why employers hire them, despite the ban. They solder titanium and nuclear pipes, work with argon, and are not afraid of welding manual method. If the employer is decent, then the welders receive compensation for their hard work: benefits, treatment, trips at the expense of the company, gifts for children. But salaries still remain low even for those who work in the most complex and dangerous production facilities in hard-to-reach places. But welders usually love their work and even call it creative, because metal cannot just be fused - you need to give it a certain form, do everything beautifully and efficiently. The welder's work is checked by x-ray; there can be no mistakes.
Miner
The miner's specialty is almost the first on the list of prohibited professions. And it seems that here it is - a job that is too tough for women who have escaped to freedom. But it was not always so. Before the revolution and during both world wars, girls were not only allowed to work in the mines, but also encouraged such desires in every possible way (however, in those difficult times, the government officially hired children under 15). Now, of course, no one allows ladies to swing pickaxes underground for 14 hours a day, but this does not mean that they have completely returned to the surface. The most common underground profession for girls is mine surveyor. These are mining engineers who plan and supervise all stages of underground construction. A surveyor's mistake can lead not only to the collapse of the entire work, but also to the death of the miners - he must assess the condition of the soil, find gas-filled areas underground, correct calculations so that nothing collapses. And all these super-responsible decisions are often made by fragile girls. Over the course of several years of work, they spend more than a thousand hours underground.
Firefighter
Women in Russia cannot take part in direct fire fighting. To be honest, very few people want to bypass this ban: the number of firewomen in Russia can be counted on one hand. Perhaps, without the ban, there would have been much more of them: in the USA, for example, 6,200 women fight fires, and 150 of them manage the work of fire departments. The American government is required to hire a certain number of girls for this position, provided that they pass a strict selection process. In Russia, no skills will help firefighters. Neither excellent marks in specialized educational institutions, nor good results According to the standards, unit commanders will not be forced to hire a girl. There are no conditions for them: no separate rooms, no separate showers.
Firefighting is an incredibly dangerous and difficult profession in itself, and women in it have to deal with additional stress: mockery and mistrust of male colleagues, harassment from superiors. Those few ladies who have finally convinced their superiors of their willingness to sacrifice their own lives to save others cannot, for example, participate in competitions - after all, they will compete with men who will be very upset if they lose to a representative of the fairer sex. Many girls dream of saving people, many are physically and mentally ready for such work, but only a few begin to fight prejudice and outdated legislation.
Chemical production worker
Girls are actively discouraged from working in chemical production. In all fairness, no one should work in this industry at all, but they decided to exclude women by law. Working with materials that emit toxic fumes negatively affects the reproductive functions and health of pregnant children. In addition, female workers in hazardous industries are more likely to develop gynecological diseases and specific forms of cancer. But of course, unscrupulous employers allow women who are in dire need of money to use harmful substances. They may be processed incorrectly and cost pennies.
The phrase is often heard that eSports highest category- it’s a man’s business, well, there is no top team in the world of the fair half of humanity that could give an equal fight to real cybersportsmen. But in our country there is a whole list of professions that are prohibited by law for women!
But what about equality, you say. Or will you not say, but only confirm that a woman’s place is in the kitchen? In Russia, in accordance with Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, men and women have equal rights and opportunities for their implementation. But along with this, there is also a special government decree that directly prohibits hiring women in more than 400 specialties.
“The list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited” was adopted by the Russian government on February 25, 2000. The document contains 39 sections, according to the number of areas of activity in which women's work is either limited (there are some reservations and assumptions) or completely prohibited.
You can easily find the full version of the document online, and we will provide you with the top 10 real male professions.
1. Bus driver
Only a man drives a long-distance bus
Women are not allowed to drive vehicles carrying passengers with more than 14 seats. The restriction does not apply to urban and suburban transport.
2. Diver
Loads are too high
3. Electric train driver
No female machinists
There cannot be female drivers or assistant drivers on electric trains, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, or diesel trains.
4. Cattle slaughterer
Not to be confused with just a butcher
5. Forest feller
No comments here
6. Bulldozer driver
Heavy machinery is not for women
In addition to a bulldozer, a woman will also not be allowed to drive a tractor, truck, or snowmobile.
7. Boatswain
Sea wolves
A woman on a ship, as you know, will lead to nothing good. The boatswain, skipper, sailor and mate are men only.
8. Carpenter
Why is there a carpenter, even to manufacturing musical instruments they won't let me in
9. Fisherman
Well, of course, it’s not just fishing
Of course, women are not prohibited from fishing. The wording of the law states only about coastal fishing “on hand-pulled cast nets, ice fishing on cast nets, fixed nets and vents.”
10. Airport baggage handler
Let the men handle the luggage
Only men should manage suitcases and hand luggage at the airport.
What are the restrictions in professional environment for women? First of all, the weaker sex is not allowed to work in harmful, dangerous, extreme industries, in professions involving heavy lifting, or underground work. True, women can work underground if they are engaged in sanitation and household services (the ban also does not apply to employees of design and engineering organizations, scientists and doctors). But in Russia there are no female metro drivers. That's the kind of legislation we have.
The list of prohibited professions was compiled by experts from various trade unions, employers' associations and scientists from the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. The basis of the project is that the life, health and work of women should be especially protected.
At the end of February 2018, the Ministry of Labor announced that it plans to update the list of professions prohibited for women. This is due to the fact that some types of work from the old list have disappeared, others have become available to the fairer sex due to technological improvements.
Equality with 456 exceptions
The Russian Constitution makes male and female job seekers equal in rights during employment, but government decree No. 162, signed on February 25, 2000, regulates 456 professions that are prohibited for the weaker sex.
Important! A taboo on women's work is imposed due to the severity, harmfulness or danger of performing certain jobs.
The list of professions prohibited for women, current as of January 2019, can be studied in the ConsultantPlus system http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_26328/
Add to list harmful professions includes those that:
- negatively affect women’s health, primarily reproductive health;
- unsafe;
- require quick reaction or great physical strength, endurance, concentration.
The Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia, Tatyana Moskaleva, expressed her opinion to journalists at the end of 2017. She agreed that all professions should be reviewed and adjusted again, but the opinions of women themselves should not be forgotten. Each has its own physical preparation and moral framework, so if a woman wants to drive a train, why not give her the opportunity?
In connection with this opinion I recall the story of Evgenia Markova, who works as a truck driver. She had to go through a refusal to train and issue a military driver's license, receive two higher university degrees that were not very useful - in information security and management, and work at Kaspersky Lab.
The dream became a reality only after employment with a freight forwarding company that was recruiting female heavy truck drivers. I was worried about the difficulties in repairing the car, but my male colleagues are always ready to help on the road - not only to borrow a tool, but also to repair the breakdown.
Version-2000
The list of professions prohibited for women in Russia, compiled in 2000, according to the head of the Ministry of Labor Maxim Topilin, is morally outdated and some positions should be excluded from it. main reason adjustments made - improvement modern conditions labor.
At the beginning of 2018, there was information in the news that the management of a large enterprise proposed granting companies the right independent choice– what jobs to hire women for, and what vacancies to refuse. True, it was clarified that the decision would have to be endorsed by the trade union leaders.
The mentioned initiative belonged to the management of Russian Railways. In the current list, section 30 is dedicated to the railway industry, and women are not allowed access to such specialties as:
- driver and his assistant;
- train compiler;
- battery worker
Meanwhile, Russian Railways is confident that the fair sex quite capable of driving modern “Sapsan” or “Swallow” aircraft.
Topilin harshly criticized the approach proposed by Russian Railways, saying that it is not the prerogative of a particular employer to prohibit or permit. The standards should be legislated so that they are common to all workers and their employers.
The 19-year-old list of prohibited professions for women in Russia includes many professions that have disappeared over two decades. The majority are manufacturing, related to electrical engineering, welding, production of abrasives, the processing industry and logging.
Currently, women are prohibited from being offered, for example, the following vacancies:
- raft shaper;
- rafter;
- pyrite crusher;
- stone maker;
- stonecutter;
- ice and bone char harvester;
- miner.
Important! All previous attempts to challenge the list by government or business representatives were in vain.
New opportunities
Work on professions prohibited for women in the Russian Federation, which will be included in the new list, continues. The Ministry of Labor and Social Development collects proposals from interested parties - trade unions, employers, government agencies - to update the list. Expert opinions Doctors should give it too. It is their responsibility to identify factors that can negatively affect the reproductive function of the female body.
Doctors claim that the largest percentage of occupational diseases develops in those who work:
- in the manufacturing industry;
- in the metallurgical industry;
- in the production of products;
- with chemicals.
Important! When working with chemicals The risk of carcinoma (breast cancer) increases significantly among hairdressers, cosmetologists, laundries and dry cleaners.
It is possible that very soon Russian women will be able to apply for vacancies that were previously closed to them. Many have lost the criterion of harmfulness due to technological modernization of production and adjustments to social and hygienic working conditions.
Moreover, as explained by the head of the Department of Labor Conditions and Safety of the Ministry of Labor Valery Korzh, who is participating in the All-Russian Labor Safety Week in Sochi, the criteria for defining a “non-female profession” will most likely have to be revised. Instead of a direct ban on specific professions, it is better to rely on the conditions created by the employer, because it is one thing to drive a Sapsan, and another to drive an old-style locomotive.
The Ministry of Labor proposes not to create a black list of prohibited professions, but to approve harmful ones production factors or types of hazardous work. A draft of a new approach to defining “non-lady positions” is posted on the regulatory portal for public discussion.
Life truth
Despite the existing list and Labor Code, no one guarantees the absolute safety of women's labor. Take, for example, statistics on female injuries in the Sverdlovsk region:
- a third of those injured at work over the past 5 years;
- every fifth case of severe injuries;
- every tenth death occurs at work.
Formally heavy physical work and high harm to women are prohibited, but if the profession is not on the list, no one will prohibit you from getting a position, especially if there is a shortage of candidates for the position. In small towns, the choice of offers from employers is small, and in order to feed their families, wives and mothers do not disdain any vacancy.
What makes the weaker sex “stop a galloping horse”? The main factors for employment in hazardous or difficult positions are well known:
- earnings are 20-30% higher;
- extended package of social benefits: additional leave, shorter working hours, improved nutrition, vacation packages;
- earlier retirement.
On a note! According to statistics, 65% of women are unemployed and it is more difficult for them to find work.
Many difficult and traumatic women's work today performed by male migrants. For example, they are employed as plasterers and painters, although quite recently they were employed exclusively by the fairer sex. But there are still problems with replacing women’s labor with robots in Russia. We have only three robots per 10 thousand female workers, while in Japan there are 305, and in Korea there are 531.
So far the government has updated the list of prohibited professions for women last time in 2000. How soon this will be done again, and by what criteria “non-women’s work” will be determined, we will find out in the future.