The 19th century gave the world a whole galaxy of brilliant poets - Pushkin and Lermontov, Fet and Tyutchev, Boratynsky and Batyushkov... The poetry of N.A. occupies a special place in the history of Russian poetry of the 19th century. Nekrasov, whose name was not lost among the names of his contemporaries. Nekrasov’s lyrics are easily recognizable by the themes of the works, their special lyricism, and the characters’ characters.
A small-scale nobleman by birth, Nekrasov, even as a child, saw his father’s despotism and serf-dominated tyranny towards the peasants. Dostoevsky wrote that Nekrasov is “a heart wounded at the very beginning of his life... This unhealed wound was the beginning and source of all his passionate, suffering poetry throughout his life...”.
The most important theme of Nekrasov's Muse was the fate of the powerless peasant, the Russian peasant woman, the urban poor people - the people.
In 1848, the poet wrote the poem “Yesterday, at six o’clock,” in which he called the peasant woman the sister of his Muse. The plot is simple: on Sennaya Square, where public punishments were carried out, a woman is beaten. Why is she being tortured? It is unknown, and that is not important. The very fact of monstrous humiliation is important, which can be considered a metaphor for all of Nekrasov’s poetry, an artistic generalization.
In the 1854 poem “The Uncompressed Strip,” the reader is presented with a sad picture: late autumn, and there is still an uncompressed peasant strip in the field. The owner overstrained himself at work and became seriously ill. The poet talks about this ordinary peasant fate with pain. The image of a Russian peasant, crushed by backbreaking work, is not only the image of a specific person referred to in the poem. This is a symbol of the entire village of that time - forced, poor, ruined, dark. An unharvested strip is not just bread that was not collected by the owner on time, but a symbol people's grief, lawlessness, oppression.
The reader sees the same image of rural Russia, poignant and tragic, in the poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance.” The poet himself witnessed how to the luxurious entrance of the Minister of State Property M.N. Muravyov (Nekrasov rented an apartment opposite) petitioners came. The writer's observations formed the basis of a poem of enormous accusatory power. The men in Nekrasov’s depiction lose their individuality, their concreteness - this is all the village people, all of village Rus':
Once I saw the men come here,
Village Russian people...
The signs noted by the poet - “tanned hands, faces”, “thin Armenian on his shoulders, a knapsack on his bent backs” - characterize all walkers. No one from the group is highlighted. There are several men, but they all merge into the image of one person - “brown heads”, “blood on the feet”, “cross on the neck” - one cross for all. The cross in the poem is not just a detail; it gathers a group of petitioners into a single symbolic image of suffering and asceticism.
Not being allowed to see the nobleman, the peasants turn to God as the highest principle, the highest judge: “God judge him.” And the fact that they leave with their heads uncovered turns out to be the finishing touch, which completes the image of the peasants, tall and suffering.
In 1864 Nekrasov wrote the poem “ Railway" The poet spoke in it about the builders of the Nikolaev railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow. The men, on whose bones the road is being built, personify the multimillion-dollar mass of people, because they came here “from different parts of the great state.” Patiently and resignedly they bear the burden of fate. The Belarusian, exhausted by backbreaking labor and illness (this image is especially clearly highlighted by Nekrasov), is a typical representative of the working masses. Nekrasov respectfully and with admiration calls the road builders “God’s warriors,” “children of labor,” and the people’s habit of working “noble.” But the poet’s attitude towards the people in the poem is ambiguous.
In part 4 of the poem, the writer is indignant at the fact that the men shout “hurray” and thank the merchant who gave them a barrel of wine and forgave them the arrears, but in fact robbed and deceived them. It seems that the “fatal labors” of the men are over, but the final picture, which should be bright and joyful, does not make such an impression on the reader. On the contrary, it becomes the most bitter.
This noble habit of work
It would be a good idea for us to adopt...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect a man.
Don’t be shy for your dear fatherland...
The Russian people have endured enough
He also took out this railway -
He will endure whatever the Lord sends!
Will bear everything - and a wide, clear
He will pave the way for himself with his chest.
It’s just a pity to live in this wonderful time
You won't have to - neither me nor you.
The position of Nekrasov the citizen is distinguished by sobriety and certainty: he did not have despair, but there was no delusion regarding the immediate prospects of the peasant revolution. He lived with hope for a better future for the people, and this is especially felt in those poems of the writer that are dedicated to children - “Peasant Children”, “Grandfather”, “Schoolboy”.
In 1843 Nekrasov met V.G. Belinsky, begins to collaborate in the magazine “Sovremennik” (1847). The writer's social circle in those years was A.I. Herzen, I.S. Turgenev, F.M. Dostoevsky, D.V. Grigorovich, I.I. Panaev. In 1859 there was a break between writers of a liberal way of thinking and revolutionary democrats. Nekrasov remained with Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, and new democratic writers began to collaborate in the magazine - Uspensky, Reshetnikov, Pomyalovsky, Sleptsov, Yakushkin.
The civic ideal that we see in Nekrasov’s poems was created by the poet on the basis of personal impressions, the poet’s personal communication with these people. Nekrasov considered V.G. to be his teacher. Belinsky, Dobrolyubov was a model of civil, public service for the writer. He died in 1861 (at the age of 25), and this was a real grief for Nekrasov. The poem “Memory of Dobrolyubov” is dedicated to him.
Nekrasov writes about his civic position, the meaning of creativity and his whole life in “Elegy” (1874). The lines of this poem - “I dedicated the lyre to my people” - can be considered the epigraph of the poet’s entire work. There are many contradictions in his poetry, especially in “Last Songs” - a cycle of poems written shortly before his death (1877). He struggled all his life - and was aware of the futility of the struggle, his helplessness, experienced attacks of determination and lack of will - all this was reflected in his poems, the main advantage of which is humanism.
He understood that the outcome of this struggle would be his death, and although the poet could not change much in Russian life - literary and social - he did a lot to awaken the conscience of Russian society. The Russian intelligentsia of the 2nd half of the 19th century was brought up on his poetry.
In the works of N.A. Nekrasov updated the traditional genres of Russian poetry - he introduced civil motives into the elegy genre, political motives into the romance (“More Troika”), social issues into the ballad (“The Secret. Experience of a Modern Ballad”). Nekrasov creatively used Russian folklore - in his works one can feel song rhythms and intonations (“Frost the Red Nose”, “Peddlers”, “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Song to Eremushka”). His lyrics are characterized by anaphors, parallelisms, repetitions, hyperboles - traditional techniques of oral folk art. In his poetry, more than anyone else’s, three-syllable verse meters develop - dactyl and anapest (“Am I driving down a dark street at night”), mainly verbal rhymes. Nekrasov poetically played on proverbs, widely used constant epithets, simple colloquial speech, and folk phraseology.
Literature lesson in 9th grade.
Civil motives of Nekrasov's lyrics.
Goals: - to introduce students to the works of N.A. Nekrasov, imbued with civic motives;
To develop skills in compiling an “Essay on Life and Creativity”; analysis of a lyrical work;
Foster citizenship and patriotism.
During the classes.
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen.
N.A. Nekrasov
Favorite Russian poet.
Representative of good beginnings
In our poetry.
N.A. Dobrolyubov
1. Reading poems by the Mineralyovodsk poet L.M. Klimovich about N.A. Nekrasov.
Poem Poetry.
Poetry is the heart's living origins,
His irrepressibility is a stormy wave,
Which will burst out loudly in rhyming lines,
Reckless love or full of anger.
Poetry is passion, rebellion, fortune,
Singer of people's happiness and sorrow,
An enviable platform in the life of a poet
And in a ghostly shine the crown of thorns.
An ardent call to honor,
To a feat, calling a hero into immortality,
A birthing bright and proud impulse.
Poetry is the flame of the human soul
And a reflection of its spiritual beauty.
The happiest will be from now to eternity
Having reached its immeasurable height.
(1971)
Poem “Honoring N.A. Nekrasova”
In poetry, poets sing
Now the moon, love, flowers.
At the same time, they seem to forget
About the pulse of life
Where is life with its eternal problem,
With the contrasts of human fate
And an endless string
The ongoing struggle?
Where is the bard with his weighty word,
With his attitude cool
And why is he silent again?
About how to be in big trouble?!
I can’t help but honor that,
Who shows the path in poetry:
"So you may not be
But you have to be a citizen.”
I understood this as a password,
Like the prophetic words of an oath:
Someone else's pain sits inside me
And our lives are in trouble.
I can’t be silent now,
I feel bad for the country and people
That's why I don't lie in poetry,
And you can undoubtedly see me in them.
(1997)
2. Checking homework.
1) “A brief sketch of the life and work of N.A. Nekrasov.”
2) by heart - one of the lyrical miniatures. (“You can’t understand Russia with your mind…”)
3. Explanation of new material.
Teacher's word.
It is known that N.A. Nekrasov led a great community work. Since 1847 he has been the publisher and editor of Sovremennik. After the closure of the magazine (1866), he managed to head Otechestvennye zapiski, where the poet worked until his death.
Nekrasov’s activities as a publisher and editor are one of the richest and most fruitful pages in the history of the Russian democratic press. The time from the mid-50s, when Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov came to Sovremennik, was especially fruitful. Together with them, he carries out propaganda of revolutionary ideas. The best literary forces are grouped around Nekrasov.
Nekrasov died as a recognized poet, to whom many contemporaries gave primacy even in comparison with Pushkin and Lermontov.
Several stages can be distinguished in Nekrasov’s work:
1st – 40s;
2nd – 50 – 60s;
3rd – 70th
Each period has its own characteristics. In the 40s, Nekrasov freed himself from the short-term influence of romantic poetics and adopted the traditions of Gogol.
The 2nd period is characterized by an effort of civic motives, and the 3rd period is associated with an intensive search for a positive hero capable of leading the fight for national happiness.
All thematic lines of Nekrasov’s poetry are one way or another refracted into one focus: the poet’s focus is on the fate of the people, their suffering, and dreams of a free life.
Nekrasov called his muse “the sad companion of the sad poor.” The tragedy of the poor urban people, the peasantry, was revealed by the poet with unprecedented
Nekrasov curses the conditions that give rise to human misfortune and angrily denounces those who are indifferent to the suffering of the poor.
(“On the Road”, “Thief”, “Hound Hunt”, etc.)
In the 50-70s. the theme of people's suffering becomes almost the basis in his work.
This poem: "The Unstatted Stripe" (1854)
"The Forgotten Village" (1855),
“The village suffering is in full swing” (1863)
Nekrasov was not only a singer people's suffering, but also a singer of revenge and struggle. With the hope of awakening the people, one of the most mournful poems was written - “Reflections at the People’s Entrance.” (1858)
Nekrasov believed in the spiritual revival of the Russian people, he was convinced that he would “endure everything” - and a broad, clear one. He will pave the way for himself with his chest. (Art. “Railroad”). In the matter of forming advanced public sentiments Nekrasov great importance gave poetry. In the poem “The Poet and the Citizen” (1856), Nekrasov declared service to the people to be the highest goal of poetry.
Go into the fire for the honor of your fatherland,
For conviction, for love...
Go and bend flawlessly.
You won’t die in vain: the matter is solid,
When blood flows underneath.
Nekrasov established in Russian poetry the highest ideal of citizenship, based on the active struggle for people's liberation.
- Expressive (commented) reading of Nekrasov’s poems:
- "band";
- “The village suffering is in full swing”;
- “Reflections at the People’s Entrance”;
- “Poet and Citizen.”
5. Homework.
Oral communication on the topic of the lesson (with expressive reading of poems);
Memorize one of the poems (on the topic of the lesson).
The most important feature of Nekrasov’s lyrics is their newspaper quality, feuilletonism, and attachment to fact. This desire to convey reality almost reportorally is a feature of the new style. And it shows up in the most unexpected verses.
Nekrasov's lyrics remain relevant, modern and popular to this day.
New lyrics
Nikolai Alekseevich opened a completely new, urban reality for Russian poetry. This diversity of views makes it possible to see life from different points of view. If you read the text, you can hear polyphony.
Here is the old woman’s voice: “When the master comes, the master will judge us.” Behind her, a deceived peasant speaks up: “The master will say his word - And our land will be given to us again.” Next is a young farmer, who wants to receive the master's permission to marry, and his chosen one, Natasha, in anticipation of a woman's happiness, gives her voice.
Finally one day in the middle of the road
The drogues appeared like gears in a train:
There is a tall oak coffin on the road,
And there’s a gentleman in the coffin; and behind the coffin is a new one.
The old one was buried, the new one wiped away the tears,
He got into his carriage and left for St. Petersburg.
The writer will later use these well-developed techniques of polyphony in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Contrast is the fundamental point in Nekrasov’s lyrics.
There is noise in the capitals, the ornate thunders,
A war of words is raging
And there, in the depths of Russia, -
There is an age-old silence there.
He managed to reflect everything in his works. And seen under different angles view of life, and the contrast between city residents and villages, and the contrast between the noise of cities and rural silence. We can say that the writer discovered a new, urban reality in Russian poetry.
The peculiarity of Nekrasov’s lyrics, combining the incompatible, is very clearly shown in the multi-layered poem “Ballet”, written in 1866.
In the wild cold, the nobility gathers from the theater, to the premiere, to the benefit. A good half of those who arrived do not understand anything about music or ballet. And the purpose of the trip for the majority is to show themselves and each other. The author condemns, rather harshly and categorically describes society.
There are still millions in Russia,
One has only to look at the boxes,
Where the bankers' wives settled, -
A hundred thousand rubles, no matter what!
Swan necks in pearls,
A diamond in a nut in the ears!
How can you not love ballet?
Here is a peaceful citizen
Forgets summer
Forgets the rank...
And so he moves on to the fact that, parallel to the ballet action, someone, out of necessity and the need to earn a penny, is now on a convoy run in the very cold. The poet does small excursion on this journey, and describes how the peasants walk, what they think, what they sing.
Spurred on by the bitter frost,
Making a day's trek,
He dances behind the creaking train,
He dances - he even sings songs!..
These song motifs, as an alternative to the art that was just described at the beginning of the work, are a vivid example of how Nikolai Alekseevich could combine lyrics, satire, and civic position in one poem.
Female image
The writer loved to write about women, making predictions and conclusions. Take for example the poem “Wedding”
Many cruel reproaches await you,
Working days, lonely evenings:
Will you rock a sick child?
To wait for the violent husband to come home,
Cry, work - and think sadly,
What did your young life promise you?
What she gave, what she will give in the future...
Poor thing! Better not look ahead!
The poet makes all these conclusions and appeals to the girl walking down the aisle based on the fact that he communicated a lot with older women, old women, peasant women, and saw the reality of their everyday life.
Nikolai Alekseevich knew life well not only in the village. He easily plunged into the life of a city landowner. And the fact that all his women suffered differently can be well analyzed in the poem “Cheap Buy or St. Petersburg Drama.”
Property is being sold. The master doesn’t care what prices will be received, but the lady negotiates painfully. The author is interested in what lies behind this scrupulousness.
Only the nanny's eyes began to water:
“So we said goodbye to our dowry!” -
The nanny said... “What dowry?”
- “He took all this for our young lady...
Here is the answer to all the scrupulousness and sadness of the lady. A young woman says goodbye to her dreams, her way of life, her desires and dreams are being auctioned off.
Nanny meanwhile mournful complaints
Whispers in my ear: “They sold it cheap -
Just getting to the village would be enough.
What will happen there? I don't expect anything good!
Nekrasov has plenty of such poems about unsightly city life. Plots between mother and daughter, when it is the mother who pushes her daughter either into marriage or simply into a dissolute path, are common and cause indignation.
Mother's image
Can't get around famous poem"Arina, Soldier's Mother", written from memoirs, and based on real events. When the author was working on this work, he specially went to this Arina’s village several times, so as not to lose any details, in order to correctly convey the depth of her grief. To convey to the reader that life was bad even when everyone was alive, but after the death of her son, the woman begins to understand how much worse her condition has become.
The poor woman cries as she tells her story. The entire work is saturated with pain and suffering. From the poem we learn that just before his death, when Vanyushka imagined relief, falling, he said “Your Honor,” and it becomes clear that the soldier was beaten, did not suffer in battle, came mutilated from the army lawlessness of that time.
There are few words, but a river of grief,
Bottomless river of grief!..
In Nekrasov’s works, old women and aged heroines, in general, live life to the fullest. For example, the verse “What does an old woman think about when she can’t sleep.”
In the work, the image of the old woman is depicted in the listing of her sins. Going through my own sins from my youth, old man reproaches herself, castigates herself: once she left a religious procession on a date, another time she took a couple of eggs from under a neighbor’s chicken, because of the desire to meet her husband, during the very suffering she pretended to be sick, and even before the holiday she slept with him, and once a little I didn’t cheat with the soldier Fedka, I drank milk during Lent.
That's why I'm a sinner! she's a criminal!
I was lying drunk out of grief...
Mother of God! Holy patron!
I'm all a sinner, a sinner!..
Nekrasovskaya woman
Despite the fact that the writer wrote a lot about women's suffering. He didn’t pick around selflessly, bringing it out for everyone to see dirty laundry. I tried to show that inner strength, which has always been characteristic of Russian women. With sympathy and understanding, he describes the life of a simple peasant woman in the poem “In full swing of the village suffering...” written in 1862, immediately confronting the reader with the fact:
Share you! - Russian women's share!
Hardly any more difficult to find.
And right there, like a hymn to the Russian woman, in the poem “Frost, Red Nose” in 1863, Nikolai Alekseevich writes:
There are women in Russian villages
With calm importance of faces,
WITH beautiful power in movements,
With the gait, with the look of queens...
☛
This is a real image that has been carried through decades, and is now quoted with pleasure when it is necessary to describe a strong spirit and physical health a woman who can cope with life's difficulties independently, and do without the help of a man.
The Nekrasov woman will not save, she will not let you down:
In trouble he will not fail - he will save:
Stops a galloping horse
He will enter a burning hut!
Panaevsky cycle
This love lyrics dedicated to one woman with whom the poet was close for many years.
Avdotya Panaeva, a writer and memoirist, was Nikolai Alekseevich’s common-law wife for 20 years. She published independently and in collaboration with Nekrasov, under the pseudonym Stanitsky.
The poet was attracted to everything about this woman. Her beauty, mystery, fatal passion, intelligence, literary talent. This interweaving of the merits of a lovely young woman made the writer fall in love with her seriously and for a long time. It didn’t even bother me that Avdotya was married.
Some critics claim that some of the poems from the ball are too intimate, and the writer did not publish them. The other part of the poems that were sent in letters was simply burned by Avdotya.
The poetry of the relationship between the two writers is based only on feelings and is very biographical. It's talented and expressive. The cycle itself was written over decades, and it is not surprising that the poems written in different time, have different moods.
The cycle began with this light and tender poem, written in 1847:
You are always incomparably good,
But when I'm sad and gloomy,
Comes to life so inspirationally
Your cheerful, mocking mind;
…..........................................
What's wrong with you?
I bear it wisely and meekly,
And forward - into this dark sea -
I look without the usual fear...
This glorified image of the beloved woman, despite the misunderstanding, rejection and condemnation of society, entered the classics of Russian literature.
Nekrasov's poetic world is surprisingly rich and varied. The talent that nature generously endowed him with and his extraordinary hard work helped the poet create such polyphonic and melodious lyrics.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a poet-citizen. He always felt his responsibility to society, which was reflected in his work.
Nekrasov's poetry was directly involved in the liberation of the people from serfdom. The peasants became the main characters of the poet's first poems. Nekrasov’s two main intonations are already clearly heard here: revealing, satirical and mournful, lyrical. The poet ardently condemns landowners and officials. This is what he writes about the essence of civil servants, rethinking “Lullaby” by M. Yu. Lermontov.
Nekrasov emphasizes that people with power and wealth think only about themselves. They are traitors to their people.
This is the poet’s world: social contradictions, the cruel struggle of workers, the poor and the oppressed, with poverty, illness and death. Dank dampness and a sharp, piercing wind reign in this lyrical space. The man here is terribly alone in his misfortune. No one helps him, and fate, the villain, keeps sending him trials - one more difficult than the other. The subjects of Nekrasov’s poems are tragic: seeing off a recruit, the death of a child, an unequal marriage. For example, a coachman complains about his wife: raised in the manor’s house, trained in “all noble manners and tricks,” she now cannot live like a peasant woman, she is dying from unbearable physical labor and, most importantly, from the misunderstanding of loved ones.
The life of peasants is hard, harsh, and it is simply amazing how, under these conditions, they managed to retain many wonderful human qualities: kindness, responsiveness, intelligence and ingenuity, talent, hard work. One cannot help but believe in a better future for such a people, as Nekrasov claims in his poem “The Railway”:
Nekrasov passionately conveys his hopes to us. He was generally a very emotional person. This was manifested in all his poetry, including intimate poetry. Nekrasov's poems about love are distinguished by their restless tension, "rebellious passion." The conflicting feelings of the heroes are also their struggle with a dysfunctional world for happiness and joy of life. As a rule, lovers face various adversities together. But they have quarrels, and they are also necessary: after them, passion flares up with new strength and the prosaic nature of the relationship recedes:
The acuteness of Nekrasov’s feelings was also reflected in the theme of creativity. The poet's muse amazed readers with the unusualness of her mood. “Crying, grieving and hurting” she appears before us. This is the “Muse of revenge and sadness”, “unkind”, “sullen”. Its tune cannot be “sweet-sounding”, because it must correspond to reality:
Nekrasov considers serene lyrical feelings - tenderness, delight, light sadness - inappropriate. They are being replaced by “emitterness”, “gloominess”, “sullenness”.
Love and hatred are united in the poet’s work, since it is impossible, while loving the world and man, not to hate what cripples them.
21. What new did Nekrasov bring to Russian poetry?
N. A. Nekrasov writes at a time when prose reigns supreme in Russian literature, in a non-poetic era. It is at such moments that it is especially important for the poet to determine the purpose of the poet and the role of poetry in life, to justify the need for his creativity. And N.A. Nekrasov has to look for a new audience, new directions in lyrics.
The Russian poetic tradition has created two stable images of the poet: the poet-prophet and the friend-poet. N. A. Nekrasov begins with a polemic with both images. The prophet was ridiculed in his youthful poems, but the second image clearly does not correspond to Nekrasov’s ideas.
N. A. Nekrasov is the first to talk about the decline in the role of literature and presents poetry as hard and joyless work.
Nekrasov’s poet is under the yoke of the ordinary, he descends from heaven to earth, enters basements, and therefore he publicly renounces poetic attributes and refuses to sing “the beauty of the valleys, heavens, and sea, and sweet caress.”
N. A. Nekrasov’s ideas about the essence and purpose of poetry developed in the process of creative communication with the ideologists of revolutionary democracy N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, as well as such progressive writers as M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. N. Tolstoy
In 1852, N. A. Nekrasov wrote the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet...”. It clearly contrasts two types of poets in the literature of that time. On the one hand, he is a kindly poet, whose example for Nikolai Nekrasov was Vasily Zhukovsky. He has “little bile, a lot of feeling,” his lyre is peaceful.
The kindly poet is contrasted with the image of a poet of revenge and sadness. He, the accuser of the crowd, is armed with satire; instead of approval, blasphemy and persecution await him: Feeding his chest with hatred,
An example of such a person for N. A. Nekrasov is N. V. Gogol. So N. A. Nekrasov declares the confrontation in Russian poetry between aesthetic and civil movements and denies “pure art.”
In a poem from 1856, this theme was developed in a dialogue between the Poet and the Citizen.
calls for Citizen - one of the first positive heroes of Nekrasov's lyrics. The melancholy and lethargy of the poet do not correspond to the era; a true poet cannot exist without a close connection with events public life. N. A. Nekrasov polemicizes with poets who promote “pure art” and argues that a poet must first of all be a citizen:
The Citizen's monologues addressed to the Poet are imbued with a deep patriotic feeling; they contain a call to fight. Just as a son cannot look at the grief and suffering of his mother, so the poet cannot calmly look at the difficult situation of his homeland.
N. A. Nekrasov also has a new idea about the main poetic image - the Muse. This image appears in Nekrasov’s first collection of poetry, “Dreams and Sounds,” but there it is traditional, just as the idea of a poet is traditional. But already in the poem of 1852 “Muse” N.A. Nekrasov writes that he does not see the “affectionately singing and beautiful” Muse in front of him.
This is how the image of the Muse of “revenge and sadness” appears in the poet’s work. A new aspect of this theme also arises: N. A. Nekrasov’s muse is a simple Russian woman, the sister of the peasant woman who is being beaten on Sennaya Square, the sister of the people.
The image of an orator, a tribune, runs through Nekrasov’s poetry. His poetic “I” is not a collective image of the poet, it is N. A. Nekrasov himself. The poet is often lonely and in constant conflict with a crowd that does not understand and does not accept his poems, ridicules the poet. The path of a person who decides to serve the people is difficult - he can remain unknown to his readers, he is cursed by the crowd, his contemporaries do not favor him, yes, this path is truly thorny.
N. A. Nekrasov sees the highest purpose of the poet in selfless service to the people. The theme of the people, the homeland becomes one of the most important topics the poet's entire work. He is sure: as long as the theme of the suffering of the people is relevant, the artist has no right to forget it. This selfless service to people is the essence of N. A. Nekrasov’s poetry. In the poem “Elegy,” one of his most beloved poems, Nekrasov, as it were, sums up his work.
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen.
N.A. Nekrasov.
Nekrasov - truly folk poet. He vividly and truthfully depicted people's life in his works. He identified himself with the peasants of Russia. Heavy life path enriched Nekrasov with impressions that helped him better understand the life of the people. Nekrasov felt remorse for the oppressed people. Nekrasov believed that the most important thing is to love the people and homeland and “serve them with heart and soul.” The image of the motherland runs through all of his work. Outside his homeland, he languished, was inactive, and was at a creative impasse. But upon returning, seeing my native landscapes, my creative upsurge began. “It’s here again, my native side, with its green, fertile summer, and again the soul of poetry is full... Yes, only here can I be a poet!” Nekrasov's creativity is varied in subject matter. The main motive in the works is love for the homeland and the common man.
Nekrasov truthfully portrayed the character of the peasants. He dreamed of seeing people free. He envisioned the future of the country as a life of a free and prosperous society. A civic motive is clearly visible in Nekrasov's poetry. He considered himself a man high morals: “Live according to strict morals, I have never done harm to anyone in my life” or “You may not be a poet, but you must be a citizen.” In the poem “The Poet and the Citizen,” Nekrasov denotes the moral position of each person - one cannot look indifferently at the suffering and misfortunes of other people. In the poem, the hero is at a crossroads. The poet's feelings change from irony, from a feeling of superiority over the Citizen to irony and self-resentment. Before us is a search for the true answer to the question about the role of the poet and the purpose of poetry in public life.
The theme of the homeland in Nekrasov’s poetry acquired a special democratic, peasant character. The poverty of a wretched village, backbreaking labor, the hard lot of Russian women, the hard labor of barge haulers, the lack of rights of the people - all this worried the poet. He meets people while hunting, at a rest stop, on a walk, in a field, in a forest, in a hut. Nekrasov believed in the happy future of his motherland: “You are still destined to suffer a lot, but you will not die, I know.” The Russian people are heroes, the endless expanses of their native land, its green forests, snowy winters - the source from which Nekrasov drew his inspiration.
Foreign lands never attracted Nekrasov. He was in awe of his homeland. He depicted villages, peasant huts, and Russian landscapes. The poet was rooting for the fate of Russia, calling for its transformation into a “mighty and omnipotent” country: “Rus' will show that there are people in it, that it has a future…”
Nekrasov is the greatest Russian poet, whose name is inscribed in golden letters in Russian and world literature. A poet appeared who had not yet existed in Rus'. He dedicated many of his works to his homeland and people. Homeland and land are an all-consuming theme for him. There is a lot of melancholy and sadness in Nekrasov’s poetry, a lot of human tears and grief. But in Nekrasov’s poetry there is a Russian scope of nature that calls for an insane feat, for struggle: “Go into the fire for the honor of the Fatherland, for convictions, for love. Go and perish impeccably. You won't die in vain. A thing is strong when there is blood flowing underneath it!”
"Enough! The settlement with the past is over, the settlement with the gentleman is over! The Russian people are gathering strength and learning to be citizens"