Carbon monoxide effect on the human body treatment. The effect of carbon monoxide on the human body

Once in the body, CO binds hemoglobin molecules, preventing them from carrying oxygen to the cells, causing a person to quickly begin to experience suffocation. The first symptoms of poisoning carbon monoxide headache, pounding in the temples, heaviness in the back of the head, acute lack of air, tinnitus. Subsequently, weakness, darkening of the eyes, nausea and vomiting, increased heart rate, and confusion appear.

If you stay in a smoky room for a long time, loss of consciousness, convulsions occur, breathing becomes shallow, which can lead to death.

After the onset of the first symptoms of poisoning, measures must be taken immediately to assist the victims to eliminate the consequences of poisoning.

Eliminate the source of carbon monoxide

It is necessary to extinguish the fire, turn off the car, turn off all electrical and gas appliances, open all windows in a smoky room to thoroughly ventilate it. Then leave this place as quickly as possible. Sometimes this is enough, and after a while they pass.

Assess the degree of poisoning

If the poisoning is limited to severe nausea, dizziness and rapid breathing, it is a mild degree. Unbutton the victim's shirt collar and give fresh air.

In case of confusion or loss of consciousness, poisoning is of moderate severity. Try to bring the victim to consciousness with ammonia, rub cologne on his chest, wrap him in a blanket and let him drink as much liquid as possible.

Warm, invigorating drinks, such as thick black tea or coffee, are suitable.

In the most severe case of poisoning, in addition to loss of consciousness, a decrease in breathing rate and heartbeat is also observed. In this situation, it is necessary to start artificial respiration and chest compressions.

For moderate to severe carbon monoxide poisoning, call immediately ambulance and send the victim to the hospital, otherwise they can be very serious.

Consequences of smoke poisoning

On the second or third day, toxicity may occur, treatment of which is carried out only in a hospital.

IN large quantities CO can negatively affect the structure of hemoglobin, which causes hypoxia in the human body and disrupts the functioning of the heart, liver, kidneys, nervous system. Fortunately, the blood renews itself quickly, and damaged hemoglobin will eventually be replaced by new cells.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can also have long-term consequences, as it can persist in cells, causing irreversible changes. So, for several years after the incident, the victim may experience heart problems, neurological disorders, and cerebrovascular accidents.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is considered one of the most common and severe in its consequences. The main danger of this type of poisoning is that oxygen stops flowing to the brain, which can lead to irreversible damage to the body and even death. That is why it is important to recognize the symptoms of this condition in time and take the necessary measures to eliminate it.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

It is not for nothing that carbon monoxide is called oxygen poison - when it enters the body, it quickly comes into contact with hemoglobin and blocks the transfer of oxygen to cells, and also disrupts the biochemical balance in tissues. As a result, the body experiences oxygen starvation.

Because nerve cells They feel a particularly strong lack of oxygen; the first poisoning manifests itself in the form of disruption of the nervous system. The person begins to feel dizzy, headache, knocking in and out. Mild incoordination may also occur.

Mild carbon monoxide poisoning is also characterized by symptoms such as lacrimation, chest pain, vomiting, redness of the skin, increased blood pressure, and tachycardia. Auditory and visual hallucinations are also possible. With moderate severity, a feeling of drowsiness occurs, paralysis with preservation of consciousness is possible.

Severe carbon monoxide poisoning is manifested by loss of consciousness, convulsions, weakened pupillary response to light, involuntary bowel movements, and blue discoloration skin, breathing problems. If help is not immediately provided at this stage, coma, respiratory arrest and death are possible.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning

Mild carbon monoxide poisoning, when provided with timely and correct medical care, usually does not entail serious consequences for the body. In other cases, cerebrovascular accident, cerebral edema, impaired vision and hearing, polyneuritis, myocardial infarction, partial paralysis, skin disorders with the development of necrosis are possible. And with a long stay in a coma, it is almost always noted

Cold weather and heating season are just around the corner. And I will keep looking for warmth, though not always in the right way. Sleeping in a car with the engine running, gas and wood stoves, and homemade products sometimes lead to a disastrous result - carbon monoxide poisoning, a product of incomplete combustion of carbon-containing products.

Mostly at risk are villagers without central heating and truck drivers. But similar poisoning also occurs in the absence (switching off) of heating in city apartments, in the event of a leak domestic gas, in case of fire.

Causes of carbon monoxide poisoning

The main causes of poisoning are inhalation of carbon monoxide. This oxide blocks the delivery of O2 to organs and tissues. Due to lack of oxygen, brain cells die, the functioning of the nervous system is seriously disrupted, and pathological processes occur throughout the body.

Signs of poisoning

The main signs of carbon monoxide poisoning occur when carbon dioxide is inhaled. A person will not be able to immediately suspect something is wrong; this gas is odorless and colorless. And the toxic effect accumulates very quickly, at a concentration of just over one percent, death occurs within three minutes.

Initial symptom in case of carbon monoxide poisoning - vomiting, lacrimation, chest pain.

A dangerous symptom of poisoning is loss of consciousness, which indicates severe intoxication, heart failure and impaired brain function.

Learn more about the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

Timely treatment will help avoid death. Therefore, in case of poisoning, you need to act quickly and effectively. First thing to do:

stop the flow of carbon dioxide: turn off the gas stove or put out the wood stove, turn off the car engine (if the action takes place in a car);

take the victim outside or open all windows;

be sure to call 03;

unfasten all buttons and belts on the victim’s clothing;

lay the victim on his side to prevent aspiration of vomit and give him artificial respiration and chest compressions if he does not have spontaneous breathing;

sometimes, to restore independent breathing, it is enough to sniff a cotton swab with ammonia;

If the victim is conscious, offer him plenty of hot drink and do not let him sleep until the ambulance arrives.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning

Preventing carbon monoxide poisoning

To avoid gas poisoning, you need to follow these simple rules:

Use factory gas furnaces. Wood stoves should only be installed by a master.

Turn off the gas stove before going to bed.

Check gas equipment regularly.

Light the wood-burning stove 3 hours before bedtime and make sure that all the wood and coal burn out.

Systematically clean the chimney of soot.

Do not use synthetic waste to fire the stove.

Do not turn on a faulty gas stove and do not light a wood stove if the stove has poor draft and some of the smoke goes back into the room.

Do not sleep in a car with the engine running.

Do not start your car in a closed garage.

Regularly inspect your vehicle for gas leaks.

Prepare in advance for heating season: clean chimney, clean hoods gas oven. Check the gas furnace pipes for gas leaks and repair if necessary.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is such a serious problem, ending in tears from relatives in the cemetery, that it should not be ignored or neglected to take basic precautions.

Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide, CO) is a generally toxic substance with very rapid action. Formed during combustion with insufficient oxygen supply: ignition of certain substances in confined spaces, a fire source, incomplete combustion of gases, a burning stove with a broken chimney draft, etc.

Properties that indicate the danger of carbon monoxide are:

Lack of color and odor, making it impossible to determine its presence in the surrounding area.
The ability to penetrate through walls, soil, and various partitions.
Inability to be absorbed by porous material, due to which even a gas mask cannot provide adequate protection against CO.

Inhalation of carbon monoxide promotes the formation in the blood of a stable compound of carbon monoxide with hemoglobin - carboxyhemoglobin, which is not capable of carrying oxygen, which leads to oxygen starvation associated with impaired blood function in transporting oxygen. Carbon monoxide enters the body only through the respiratory tract.

Specific effects of carbon monoxide on humans

Poisoning caused by carbon monoxide is considered a form of intoxication that occurs due to the ingestion of CO into the body and causes an acute painful condition that, without specialized medical care, leads to the death of the victim.

The specificity of the effect of carbon monoxide on humans is that very often it is not possible to recognize it at all, since the substance is practically imperceptible. Therefore, in order to protect yourself, everyone’s task is to clearly understand in what situations, which often arise in Everyday life, a similar threat may arise.

Firstly, this often happens if a person long time is in a busy highway area, in a parking lot. Vehicle exhaust contains carbon monoxide in a volume of 1 to 3%, and in order to get poisoned, it is enough for the amount of this substance to be 0.1% in the air. Car owners who work with the car for a long time in a closed garage also face a similar risk, especially when the engine warms up for a long time.
Secondly, the threat of poisoning also increases for those people who spend a long time in cramped rooms where ventilation is poor and heating and heating systems are functioning geysers. There is much less oxygen in the room, and there is much more carbon monoxide, continuously released during fuel combustion.
Third, cases of poisoning due to violations of operating procedures are possible furnace installations owners of bathhouses, country cottages and houses. A prematurely closed stove damper can cause an increase in CO levels in the room and subsequent poisoning.
Fourth However, those who work at production facilities with an increased level of danger or are caught in the epicenter of a fire can suffer from the effects of this toxic substance.

What are the first signs of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Speaking about the symptoms most characteristic of poisoning caused by carbon monoxide, the following should be noted: carbon monoxide poisoning is primarily manifested by hypoxia of brain cells.

The victim quickly loses consciousness, dilated pupils, seizures, and increased muscle tone are noted.

Shortness of breath, noted in initial period poisoning, is replaced by a decrease in the number of respiratory movements.

When asked what signs appear on the mucous membranes of carbon monoxide poisoning, doctors give the following answer: victims are characterized by changes in the mucous membranes: when the victim is in a room with a high content of carbon monoxide, the mucous membranes have a pink or carmine-red color, but quickly become bluish and pale when the patient is moved to fresh air.

Mild, moderate and severe degrees of carbon monoxide poisoning: first symptoms

There are 3 degrees of poisoning caused by carbon monoxide:

Light.
Average.
Heavy.

With mild poisoning, carboxyhemoglobin in the blood reaches 10 to 30%. The first signs of mild carbon monoxide poisoning include a headache, which is localized in the temples or forehead. Often it becomes encircling in nature. This phenomenon is called “hoop syndrome.” There is a knocking in the temples, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. There is a slight decrease in visual acuity. Many victims experience difficulty breathing, dry cough, sore throat, and discomfort in the heart area. Mild poisoning is not accompanied by loss of consciousness.

In case of moderate poisoning, the volume of carboxyhemoglobin is from 30 to 40% in the victim’s blood. The first symptoms of such carbon monoxide poisoning are suffering from constant nausea, shortness of breath, lack of air and difficulty breathing. Signs indicating a violation of mental activity are short-term loss of consciousness (from 1 to 20 minutes), followed by agitation with visual or auditory hallucinations. Sometimes instead of excitement there may be lethargy. Blood pressure is elevated, pulse is rapid. If you are poisoned at the site of a fire, you may experience coughing. Miosis and anisocoria, hyperemia of the skin on the face may appear.

In severe carbon monoxide poisoning, the level of carboxyhemoglobin in human blood catastrophically goes off scale, amounting to over 50%. Severe poisoning is characterized by a prolonged coma, characterized by varying depth and duration (from 1 to 24 hours in a row or more).

Often the victim experiences cerebral edema, convulsions and paresis. The skin at the scene of the accident is scarlet in color, and after hospitalization it becomes cyanotic. Rhinolaryngitis, tracheobronchitis, and severe respiratory failure develop. Symptoms of severe carbon monoxide poisoning in humans also come from the cardiovascular system: toxic damage to the heart muscle, left ventricular failure, drop in blood pressure, metabolic acidosis in the blood, tonic convulsions and rapid death.

Complications after carbon monoxide poisoning

The condition associated with poisoning under the influence of CO can cause complications that will make themselves felt for some time after therapy, and even throughout life. They are usually divided into two categories:

Early.
Late.

The first group of complications begins to appear within 2 days after the accident.

If we talk about the consequences for the central nervous system, they are most often expressed by headaches of various nature and duration, impaired motor activity, loss of sensation in the upper and lower extremities, swelling of the brain, relapses of mental illness, if the person has already encountered any of them before.

Suddenly, edema may occur in the tissues of the lungs, which has a toxic etiology, edema in the brain, disruptions in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, bladder and kidneys, and decreased hearing and visual acuity.

The cardiovascular system may suffer from complications associated with disturbances in heart rhythm and coronary circulation. An extreme case is death from cardiac arrest that was not previously anticipated by doctors.

Late complications usually include those consequences that may begin to appear more than 2 days after poisoning. Sometimes this period is about 40 days.

Severe consequences for the central nervous system are associated with memory loss, psychosis, a decrease in a person’s intellectual level, apathy, paralysis, blindness, impaired coordination of movements, and parkinsonism.

Complications in the respiratory system can manifest as frequent and rapidly developing pneumonia.

For the cardiovascular system, late complications include angina pectoris, cardiac asthma, myocarditis, and heart attack.

To reduce the risk of developing complications in the future, you should know how to properly provide emergency care to the victim.

What to do if there are signs of carbon monoxide poisoning: first aid

When asked what the first thing to do if a person is poisoned by carbon monoxide, the answer is clear: call an ambulance. In no case should you react to the victim’s beliefs that he feels absolutely normal. Medical help is needed because:

Only a specialist can accurately assess the patient’s condition.
Symptoms may not always be clear enough to determine the degree of poisoning.
Without the participation of doctors, the risk of death or disability of the victim increases significantly.

And before the ambulance team arrives, emergency care for a person with carbon monoxide poisoning consists of performing sequential actions.

Firstly, care must be taken to ensure that the impact of CO on the victim ceases. For this purpose, it is necessary to immediately take the victim out into the fresh air, not forgetting about self-defense (open doors and windows, leave the room, take several deep breaths and hold your breath while inhaling, trying not to inhale polluted air, take the victim out). Also, if there is such a possibility in a given situation, the source from which the toxic substance is spreading should be shut off. If, when providing first aid to a person with carbon monoxide poisoning, you have quick access to a special gas mask equipped with a hopcalite cartridge, or an oxygen mask, you should definitely use one of them.
Secondly, it is necessary to remove obstacles to the passage of oxygen through the respiratory tract. To do this, it is necessary to help the victim take a horizontal position on his side, unfasten or even remove those items of clothing that interfere with breathing freely.
Third When providing first aid to a person suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning, it is necessary to work on bringing him to consciousness if he is in a state of fainting. For this purpose, you should give him a sniff ammonia. But you need to bring the product to the victim’s nose at a distance of at least 1 cm from the organ. Next, you should rub the skin on your chest; if you have mustard plasters in your medicine cabinet, you can use them by applying them to your back and chest, but away from the heart area.

Is it possible to treat carbon monoxide poisoning at home?

After first aid provided for carbon monoxide poisoning has brought the victim to consciousness, he should be given hot coffee or tea.

Fourth, in severe forms of poisoning, artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage are used. It is important to adhere to this cycle: 2 breaths and 30 consecutive chest compressions.

If the obvious signs of carbon monoxide poisoning are eliminated by first aid, then care should be taken to ensure that he does not waste the rest of his energy and remains in absolute peace. It is better to help him lie on his side, wrap him in outer clothing or a blanket, if there is one in the access area, but make sure that the body does not overheat.

Remember: For any degree of severity of carbon monoxide poisoning, treatment at home is unacceptable; on the contrary, emergency hospitalization in the intensive care unit is required.

Providing first aid for burns and carbon monoxide poisoning

Very often, a person suffers burns from carbon monoxide poisoning. First aid will depend on what type they are:

Chemical.
Thermal.

The former occur under the influence of irritating gases and vapors contained in combustion products. These components primarily affect the organs respiratory system, affect mucous membranes. If there are signs of not only carbon monoxide poisoning, but also a burn, for first aid you need to give the victim a sedative medicine to relieve pain, wash with water room temperature, help him rinse his mouth and throat with water at the same temperature, treat the mouth with a 1% Novocaine solution. An ambulance team providing first aid to a victim of carbon monoxide poisoning and chemical burns, in mandatory should provide him with the opportunity to breathe 100% humidified oxygen through a mask.

Thermal burns can occur on the skin of a person who has been poisoned by carbon monoxide if he was at the epicenter of a fire. First aid for thermal burns and carbon monoxide poisoning depends on the extent of the affected area on the body. If the burn is limited, you need to water this area of skin cold water for at least 10 minutes or apply a sterile bag containing ice to it and give it a painkiller to drink.

First aid at home for burns and carbon monoxide poisoning (with video)

If the lesion is extensive, then first aid for burns and carbon monoxide poisoning also requires applying a loose sterile bandage to avoid contracting any infection. It is also necessary to give the victim an alkaline saline solution: 1 tsp. soda + ½ tsp. salt + 2 tbsp. water.

When providing assistance to a victim of carbon monoxide poisoning in combination with a thermal burn at home, it is strictly forbidden to independently remove dirt and remnants of clothing from the affected area, treat this area of skin with iodine, oil, alcohol, or apply a tight bandage.

To know how to properly provide first aid for carbon monoxide poisoning, watch this video:

Accidents can happen to anyone. They cannot always be prevented, so it is useful for everyone to know what to do if such a situation occurs with a loved one or a stranger.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common and dangerous accident..

Carbon monoxide is a combustion product that pollutes the air. If it enters the lungs, it causes great harm to the human body. Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10: T58 - toxic effect of carbon monoxide.

Poisoning with this product is life-threatening, because the substance itself is invisible. By the time the first symptoms appear, the organs are already suffering.

When such an unpleasant situation as carbon monoxide poisoning occurs, treatment at home can be used, but only after examination by health workers and agreement with a doctor.

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs instantly. If emergency care is not immediately provided correctly, a person dies within 3 minutes when the gas concentration in the air is 1.2%.

The body is affected instantly, since the substance is colorless and odorless. Even a gas mask cannot protect against harmful effects.

As a result of severe damage from exhaust gases, red blood cells are the first to suffer. They cannot transport oxygen to tissues and organs, which leads to severe hypoxia. The quick reaction of the nervous system to this condition causes disruptions in its functioning - these are the first symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Then the muscles of the heart and skeleton are affected. Therefore, the victim cannot move, and the heart does not pump blood well. Necessary actions in case of carbon monoxide poisoning should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the consequences may become irreversible.

The most common causes of poisoning with this substance:

Carrying out car repairs in a room that is not ventilated. This provokes lung damage from exhaust gases.
Operation of faulty heaters, poisoning from household gases.
A fire occurs in an enclosed space.
Lack of good exhaust.

Symptoms of pathology

It is necessary to know the characteristic signs of poisoning in order to provide emergency assistance in a timely and correct manner.

Symptoms of mild poisoning appear quite quickly as follows:

Obvious signs of moderate intoxication:

weakness;
drowsiness;
feeling tired;
noise in ears;
muscle paralysis.

Symptoms of acute poisoning:

loss of consciousness;
uncontrolled urination and defecation;
breathing problems;
convulsions;
cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes;
dilated pupils, poor reaction to light sources;
coma state.

Untimely assistance can lead to death. In case of mild to moderate poisoning, irreversible consequences of intoxication may remain:

frequent dizziness;
acute headache;
nervous system disorders;
stop in development;
memory loss;
decrease in intellectual abilities.

In acute poisoning, the following disorders often occur:

deterioration of blood circulation in the brain;
polyneuritis;
cerebral edema;
deterioration of hearing and vision or their complete loss;
toxic pulmonary edema, which turns into severe pneumonia.

People most at risk:

Those who abuse alcohol.
Smoking tobacco products indoors.
Asthma sufferers.
Suffering from nervous and physical tension.
Pregnant women and children.

To save the victim and minimize negative consequences You should know how first aid is provided for carbon monoxide poisoning before the ambulance arrives.

Algorithm of actions:

Exists special remedy— Acizol, which should be taken in case of carbon monoxide poisoning. This drug is available to the ambulance crew and is administered by intramuscular injection.

It is quite effective against acute carbon monoxide poisoning in lethal doses. The faster Acizol is administered, the greater the victim’s chances of survival and the effectiveness of subsequent treatment procedures.

Carbon monoxide poisoning. How to neutralize the “silent killer”

Treatment of the effects of poisonous gas poisoning can be carried out at home after the victim receives qualified assistance from specialists and permission to stay at home. To do this, you need to know what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Treatment traditional methods is as effective as medication and can restore health in a short time. But it should be used under the supervision of doctors and after their approval.

Natural products are popular because of their safety and environmental friendliness. But every ingredient in the recipes traditional medicine has certain properties that can have an ambiguous effect on the human body.

Therefore, for safety reasons, it is better to get a doctor's approval. The most effective means:

The consequences of pathology can be very severe and difficult to eliminate. Even after effective treatment, certain time the victim must be monitored.

To avoid unpleasant and dangerous situation Some preventative measures must be taken:

It is important to be vigilant and understand that carbon monoxide poisoning is a life-threatening condition. Greater risk of death and irreversible complications.

Everything can be solved by timely and correct first aid and adequate treatment under the supervision of doctors, even at home. There is no need to neglect your safety.

After all, non-compliance elementary rules safety leads to death or severe consequences for life.

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning - headache, nausea, suffocation, impaired movement with a gas density of 0.02-0.03% and exposure to a person for 4-6 hours. At a density of 0.1-0.2% and exposure for 1-2 hours - coma occurs, breathing stops, death is possible. Intoxication by combustion products during a fire is 80% of the factors contributing to human mortality; more than 60% is due to carbon monoxide.

Carbon monoxide is a toxic substance that has a rapid toxic effect on the body. Dangerous for human life. At a density of 1.2% in space, the death of the victim without medical assistance occurs within 3 minutes.

The dangerous effects of carbon monoxide occur in a short time:

It is impossible to determine by color, smell, or feel its presence in the room.
Seeps through barriers and soil.
Passes through porous materials, a regular gas mask cannot prevent its toxicity.
Organ systems and tissues are affected due to the gas blocking the flow of oxygen to them.
The substance combines with hemoglobin; when combined, carboxyhemoglobin is formed, which disrupts the functioning of organs. Red blood cells cannot deliver O2 to tissues, hypoxia occurs.
The central nervous system is affected as a result of lack of oxygen. Nausea, confusion in the head, and pain appear.

There is a disruption in the functioning of the heart muscle and striated muscles. The combination of a gaseous substance with muscle protein is manifested by weak pulse, palpitations, and difficulty breathing.

Causes and symptoms

The causes of poisoning are:

Household poisoning. Broken heating units: stoves, fireplaces. Leakage of propane containing 4-11% CO, long burning of kerosene.
Fire. When burning vehicles, buildings, cars with fuel.
Traffic fumes. When the vehicle is running indoors they contain a maximum of 13.5% carbon monoxide, an average of 6-6.5%. Concentrations can become lethal within 5 minutes.
Gas, wiring in production premises. The gas product is used for synthesis, acetone, phenol, methyl alcohol, methane. If ignited, their vapors are dangerous.
Gas on site with gas appliances. Stoves, heat generators with insufficient air ventilation, clogging in ventilation pipes provoke an influx of carbon monoxide into production rooms.

Intoxication occurs when using hookahs and breathing units.

There are 3 degrees of intoxication due to the presence of CO density in space. You can distinguish and recognize to what extent the person inhaling the fumes has been poisoned using the symptoms according to severity:

Easy stage	Middle stage	Severe stage
Presence of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
no higher than 30%	30-40%	40-50%
consciousness is pure; acute headache; noise in the head; dizziness; lacrimation;; mucus from the sinuses; the patient is feeling nauseous; vomit; temporary vision damage; difficulty breathing; dry throat; hoarse cough.	short-term interruptions of consciousness; dyspnea; breathe heavily; dilated pupils; hallucinogenic visions, delusions; convulsive conditions; rapid heartbeat, chest pain; redness of the skin, mucous membranes; visual acuity decreases, spots appear; hearing decreases.	possible coma for several days; convulsive conditions; urinary and fecal incontinence; decreased heart rate; breathing is interrupted; cyanosis of the dermis.

Atypical symptoms of poisoning in three forms:

Fainting form. Rapid drop in pressure 70/50 mmHg. or lower. Temporary loss of consciousness.
Euphoric form. Poor orientation in the room, severe agitation, delirium, fainting, breathing failure.
Lightning form. The density of carbon monoxide reaches 1.2% per 1m³. The level of carboxyhemoglobin in the patient's blood reaches 75%. Signs: convulsions, respiratory paralysis, lack of consciousness, fatal outcome in 2-3 minutes.

Signs of smoke inhalation appear within 2-6 hours after inhaling air containing 0.22-0.23 mg CO per liter. Death occurs within 20-30 minutes if the CO concentration is 3.4-5.7 mg/l - within 1-3 minutes at a density of 14 mg/l. Code in ICD-10 X47.

Necessary antidote

It is important to administer the antidote “Acyzol” to the patient in the first minutes of providing first aid.

"Acyzol" is a fast-acting medicine that counteracts carbon monoxide poisoning. It blocks the formation of carboxyhemoglobin and quickly helps cleanse the victim’s body of carbon monoxide.

The condition is that the sooner administration is undertaken after poisoning, the greater the chances of avoiding negative consequences for the patient.

Medicine offers an application algorithm:

Treatment involves intramuscular injection - 1 ml immediately after evacuation. The procedure is repeated after 60 minutes.
Prevention involves 1 ml intramuscularly 20-30 minutes before entering the danger zone.

The drug reduces several times Negative influence poison on the body.

First aid at home

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning involves the following sequence:

Evacuate a person with the help of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Call an ambulance immediately.
The patient must be given access to fresh air. Unfasten the collar and chest, lay it on one side to avoid the tongue falling in. Open the windows indoors.
In a conscious state, give the victim tea to activate the vasomotor and respiratory centers.
To restore consciousness, use ammonia. Soak the cotton wool in the solution and let it breathe. If there is no reaction, rub your arms, legs, chest, face to stimulate blood flow.
Availability of indicators clinical death: there is no breathing, no pulse, the carotid arteries do not pulsate, no movement of the pupils occurs in the presence of light. In such situations, provide pulmonary and cardiac resuscitation. At home, the prehospital mechanism is as follows: 2 breaths, 30 chest compressions.
If the patient is conscious, lay him on his side and cover with something warm.

When evacuating a room, be sure to hold your breath and exit as quickly as possible with the victim.

First aid at home includes important points:

Take the patient outside, then the carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood will decrease by 50%.
The folk method is to place mustard plasters on the chest or back. Apply chest rub, which will increase blood circulation.
Do not overheat the victim.

Upon arrival, workers emergency care provide the patient with oxygen through special pillow and an antidote is administered. The doctor conducts diagnostics and makes an accurate diagnosis. Symptoms in some cases may not indicate consequences. Only a doctor can recognize possible complications, determine correctly from the tests, the type of patient, the severity of the degree of intoxication.

The decision to hospitalize is made by the doctor. The following categories of patients are required to be admitted to the hospital:

patients with a blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration of more than 25%;
during pregnancy (more than 10%);
with cardiovascular pathology (more than 15%);
those who lost consciousness, became delirious;
with a body temperature less than 36.6 °C.

A small child should be examined and hospitalized, including patients with mild intoxication.

Early treatment reduces mortality and disability.

Carbon monoxide poisoning requires the following treatment:

The victim is given oxygen breathing with a partial pressure of 1.5-2 atm or carbogen (95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide). The procedure lasts for 3-6 hours.
Quartz treatment is prescribed. Using a lamp, the breakdown of carboxyhemoglobin is accelerated.
Injection of 1 ml of cordiamine and 1 ml of 10% caffeine under the skin. Used for heart failure.
In case of complications of the respiratory tract, Isoniazid tablets are prescribed for prevention purposes. The drug is used in the treatment of pneumonia in children and adults. The dose is 5-15 mg per 1 kg of body weight, 1-3 times a day after meals.

Symptomatic infusion therapy includes the following steps:

Soda 4% solution 400 ml, hemodez 400 ml are administered intravenously.
Apply vitamins: solution of ascorbic acid 5%, 20 ml and glucose 40%, 60 ml intravenously.
The relief of seizures is carried out with the medication “Diazepam”.
Coma involves the administration of 0.01 mg/kg naloxone + 40-80 ml of 40% glucose + 100 mg of thiamine.

Drug therapy is aimed at normalizing the central nervous system, other systems and organs, depending on the severity of the poisoning.

Consequences and life prognosis

After the onset of carbon dioxide poisoning, deterioration may occur:

circulatory disorders, cerebral edema;
hemorrhages;
deterioration of hearing and vision;
possible myocardial infarction;
blisters and swelling appear on the skin, necrosis and nephrosis are possible;
coma is accompanied by chronic pneumonia.

If the carboxyhemoglobin level reaches 75%, death occurs within 3 minutes.

To prevent serious violations, it is necessary to take preventive measures:

Use gaseous appliances only in working condition.
Carry out periodic preventive inspections of equipment by a specialist.
Choose air access through ventilation.
Check the stove damper.
Do not work in enclosed spaces with the car engine running.
When working with carbon monoxide, adhere to safety regulations.

Observing simple rules, intoxication can be avoided.

Gas poisoning is highly dangerous. In case of intoxication, it is necessary to ensure the elimination of smoke and quickly take the victim outside. Then immediately call an ambulance. Give the patient hot tea, turn him on his side, and provide warmth. The faster these measures occur, the higher the likelihood of saving the patient’s life.