Corner joints of wooden products. Directory of "connections" - description of connections Frame connection

In addition to processing whole pieces wood, it is often necessary to connect wooden parts into units and structures. Element connections wooden structures called landings. Connections in structures wooden parts are defined by five types of fits: tense, tight, sliding, loose and very loose fit.

Nodes - these are parts of structures at the junction of parts. Wooden structure connections are divided into types: end, side, corner T-shaped, cross-shaped, corner L-shaped and box corner connections.

Joinery joints have more than 200 options. Here we consider only the connections that joiners and carpenters use in practice.

End connection (extension) - connection of parts along the length, when one element is a continuation of the other. Such connections are smooth, jagged with spikes. Additionally, they are secured with glue, screws, and overlays. Horizontal end connections withstand compressive, tensile and bending loads (Fig. 1 - 5). Lumber is increased in length, forming vertical and horizontal toothed joints (wedge lock) at the ends (Fig. 6). Such joints do not need to be under pressure during the entire gluing process, since there are significant frictional forces at work. Toothed connections of lumber made by milling meet the first class of accuracy.

Connections of wooden structures must be made carefully, in accordance with three accuracy classes. The first class is for measuring instruments High Quality, the second class is for furniture products, and the third is for construction parts, agricultural implements and containers. The lateral connection by the edge of several boards or slats is called joining (Fig. 7). Such connections are used in the construction of floors, gates, carpentry doors, etc. Plank and slatted panels are additionally reinforced with crossbars and tips. When covering ceilings and walls, the upper boards overlap the lower ones by 1/5 - 1/4 of the width. The outer walls are sheathed with horizontally laid overlapping boards (Fig. 7, g). The upper board overlaps the lower one by 1/5 - 1/4 of the width, which ensures the removal of precipitation. Connecting the end of a part to the middle part of another forms a T-shaped connection of parts. Such connections have big number options, two of which are shown in Fig. 8. These connections (ties) are used when connecting the joists of floors and partitions with the piping of the house. Connecting parts at right or oblique angles is called a cross connection. This connection has one or two grooves (Fig. 3.9). Cross joints are used in roof and truss structures.

Rice. 1. End connections of beams that resist compression: a - with a direct half-wood overlay; b - with an oblique overlay (on the “mustache”); c - with a straight half-wood overlay with a joint at an obtuse angle; g - with an oblique overlay with a tenon joint.

Rice. 2. End connections of beams (extension) that resist tension: a - in a straight overhead lock; b - c oblique patch lock; c - with a straight half-timber overlay with a joint in an oblique tenon (c dovetail).

Rice. 3. End connections of beams that resist bending: a - with a straight half-timber overlay with an oblique joint; b - with a straight half-timber overlay with a stepped joint; c - in an oblique overhead lock with wedges and a tenon joint.

Rice. 4. Joining by cutting with reinforcement with wedges and bolts.

Rice. 5. End connections of beams working in compression: a - end-to-end with a secret hollowed-out tenon; b - end-to-end with a hidden insert tenon; c - with a direct half-wood overlay (the connection can be strengthened with bolts); Mr. direct half-wood overlay secured with wire; d - with a straight half-wood overlay secured with metal clips (clamps); e - with an oblique overlay (on a “mustache”) secured with metal clips; g - with an oblique overlay and fastening with bolts; h - marking of the oblique overlay; and - end-to-end with a hidden tetrahedral tenon.

Rice. 6. End extensions of the milling scheme during end gluing of workpieces: a - vertical (along the width of the part), toothed (wedge-shaped) connection; b - horizontal (according to the thickness of the part), toothed (wedge-shaped) connection; c - milling of a gear connection; d - sawing out a gear connection; d - milling of a gear connection; e - end connection and gluing.

Rice. 7. Joining the boards: a - on a smooth reveal; b - on the insert rail; c - a quarter; g, e, f - in the groove and ridge (with various forms groove and tongue); g - overlap; h - with a tip in a groove; and - with a quarter tip; k - with overlap.

Rice. 8. T-shaped connections of bars: a - with a hidden oblique tenon (in the paw or in the dovetail); b - with a straight stepped overlay.

Rice. 9. Cross connections of bars: a - with a direct half-wood overlay; b - with direct overlay of incomplete overlap; in - with fit in one nest

Connections of two parts with ends at right angles are called corner connections. They have through and non-through tenons, open and in the dark, half-dark on the overlay, half-tree, etc. (Fig. 10). Corner joints (ties) are used in window blocks, in joints of greenhouse frames, etc. A tenon joint in the dark has a tenon length of at least half the width of the part being connected, and the depth of the groove is 2 - 3 mm greater than the length of the tenon. This is necessary so that the parts to be joined can easily mate with each other, and there is room in the tenon socket after gluing for excess glue. For door frames, corner angles are used. finger joint in the dark, and to increase the size of the surface to be connected - semi-dark. Double or triple tenons increase the strength of the corner joint. However, the strength of the connection is determined by the quality of its execution. IN furniture production A variety of corner box connections are widely used (Fig. 11). Of these, the simplest is an open end-to-end tenon connection. Before making such a connection, tenons are marked at one end of the board with an awl according to the drawing. By marking the side parts of the tenon, a cut is made with a fine-toothed file. Every second cut of the tenon is hollowed out with a chisel. To make the connection precise, first saw and hollow out the tenon sockets in one part. It is placed on the end of another part and crushed. Then they saw through, hollow out and connect the parts, cleaning the joint with a plane, as shown in Fig. eleven.

When connecting parts “mustache” (at an angle of 45°), the corner binding is secured with steel inserts, as shown in Fig. 12. At the same time, make sure that one half of the insert or fastener fits into one part, and the other half into another. A wedge-shaped steel plate or ring is placed in the milled grooves of the parts to be connected.

The corners of the frames and drawers are connected with a straight open through tenon joint (Fig. 3.13, a, b, c). With increased quality requirements (with outside the tenons are not visible) corner knitting is performed with an oblique connection in the dark, groove and tongue, or an oblique connection to the rail, as shown in Fig. 13, d, e, f, g and in Fig. 14.

A box-shaped structure with horizontal or vertical transverse elements (shelves, partitions) is connected using angular T-bars different connections, shown in Fig. 15.

In the connection of the elements of the upper chord wooden trusses with the lower one, corner notches are used. When connecting truss elements at an angle of 45° or less, one notch is made in the lower element (tightening) (Fig. 16,a), at an angle of more than 45° - two notches (Fig. 16,6). In both cases, the end cut (cut) is perpendicular to the direction of the acting forces.

Additionally, the units are secured with a bolt with a washer and a nut, or less often with staples. Log walls houses (log houses) made of horizontally laid logs in the corners are connected by a “toe-to-toe” notch. It can be simple or with an additional spike (paw with a pit). The marking of the cut is carried out as follows: the end of the log is hewn into a square, to the length of the side of the square (along the log), so that after processing it turns out to be a cube. The sides of the cube are divided into 8 equal parts. Then 4/8 of the part is removed from one side from the bottom and top, and the remaining sides are done as shown in Fig. 17. To speed up the marking and accuracy of making cuts, templates are used.

Rice. 10. Corner end connections of workpieces at right angles: a - with a single opening through tenon; b - with a single through hidden tenon (in the dark); v-s single a dull (not through) thorn in the dark; g - with a single through semi-secret tenon (semi-dark); d - with a single blind spike in semi-darkness; e - with a triple open through tenon; g - in a straight half-tree overlay; h - through dovetail; and - into the eyes with trimming.

Rice. 11. Box corner joints with straight through tenons: a - cutting out tenon grooves; b - marking the spikes with an awl; c - connection of a tenon with a groove; d - processing the corner joint with a planer.

Rice. 12. Corner end connections at right angles, reinforced with metal inserts - buttons: a - 8-shaped insert; b- wedge-shaped plate; c- rings.

Rice. 13. Box corner joints at right angles: a - straight open through tenons; b - oblique open through spikes; c - open through spikes in a dovetail; g - groove on the insert rail butt; d - in groove and tongue; e - on plug-in spikes; g - on dovetail spikes in semi-darkness.

Rice. 14. Oblique (mustache) box joints at right angles: a - with oblique tenons in the dark; b - oblique connection to the plug-in rail; c - oblique connection to tenons in the dark; d - an oblique connection, reinforced with a triangular strip on glue.

Rice. 15. Direct and oblique connections of workpieces: a - for a double connection in an oblique groove and ridge; b - on a straight groove and ridge; c - on a triangular groove and ridge; d - on a straight groove and a ridge in the dark; d - for straight through tenons; e - on round inserted tenons in the dark; g - on a dovetail spike; h - on the groove and ridge, reinforced with nails.

Rice. 16. Nodes in truss elements.

Rice. 17. Interfacing the logs of the log house walls: a - a simple paw; b - paw with a wind spike; c - marking of the paw; 1 - wind spike (pit)

Windows made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or, as they are also called, plastic (metal-plastic) windows are widely used in Ukraine. And the first plastic windows appeared in the 1960s. in Germany, where industrial production of PVC was developed.

Polyvinyl chloride– a material belonging to the group of thermoplastics. Pure PVC consists of 43% ethylene (a petrochemical product) and 57% combined chlorine obtained from table salt. To produce window profiles, stabilizers, modifiers, pigments and auxiliary additives are added to powdered PVC to impart properties such as light fastness, weather resistance, color tint, surface quality, weldability, etc.

Plastic windows can be used in industrial, public and residential buildings; there are no hygienic restrictions on their use.

PVC is a highly flammable and self-extinguishing material. It is resistant to acids, alkalis, and atmospheric influences.

As the temperature decreases, the elastic modulus of PVC increases, and therefore its tensile, compressive and bending strength characteristics also increase. However, this increases its fragility (impact strength decreases), so when installing plastic windows in winter time the risk of PVC destruction is quite high.

With increasing temperature, polyvinyl chloride gradually softens, and compressive and bending strength decreases. A sharp decrease in the strength properties of PVC begins at a temperature of +4СГС, and near +80°С there is a point of its softening. In this regard, the use of PVC windows is unacceptable in rooms with elevated temperature conditions.

In their design, PVC windows are generally no different from wooden ones. Only for the manufacture of individual elements, not solid bars are used, but hollow multi-chamber plastic profiles obtained by extrusion.

Rice. 15.8. Elements and functional dimensions of PVC profiles: 1 – main profile(box); 2 – main profile (sash); 3 – additional profile (glazing bead); 4 – double-glazed window; 5 – sealing gasket; 6 – base lining; 7 – support (distance) lining; 8 – reinforcing liner (fittings); a – gap in the vestibule; b – height in the vestibule; c – clearance; d – glazing gap height; g – glass pane pinching height

Polymer extrusion is a method of manufacturing long-length profiled products from plastics and rubber, which consists of continuous extrusion of softened material through holes of a certain cross-section. It is carried out in extruders, most often screw ones.

The profiles are usually supplied in lengths of 6.5 m. They are cut to the required size in the assembly area.

The connection of individual frame profiles and sashes is made by butt welding using a heating element. The impost is fastened using mechanical connectors, and the glazing bead is simply snapped into the corresponding grooves of the frame or sash.

Rice. 15.9. Mechanical connection of the frame with the impost: 1 – frame profile; 2 – impost profile; 3 – connector; 4 – screw; 5 – holes; 6 – washer

The welded frames and sashes are sent to the next operation - installation of seals. Middle sealing gaskets are installed in most cases by the profile manufacturers themselves. Other types of seals are inserted manually using special rollers.

Bending machines are used to produce semicircular and lancet window shapes. Of all window materials PVC has the greatest bending capabilities with different radii of curvature. But this is a complex operation. When making a window with an opening arched sash, it is quite difficult to maintain the same bending radius of the frame and sash profiles, and moreover curved profiles cannot be reinforced as straight. During operation of such windows, thermal deformations of unreinforced PVC may occur, leading to problems with a tight veil.

Rice. 15.10. Windows made of curved PVC profiles

Currently, a fairly wide selection of colors for the surface of plastic profiles is offered - from solid colors: red, green, blue, light blue to various decors, including imitation wood.

Several methods of painting (finishing) PVC profiles are used:

Coloring in mass (white and brown);

Co-extrusion;

Lamination with acrylic film;

Acrylic varnishing;

Spraying.

The most reliable, durable and weather-resistant method is co-extrusion, which is the result of the joint extrusion of acrylic and PVC, which allows you to obtain an acrylic coating on the surface of profiles in various colors with a thickness of 0.5 mm.

To solve technical and architectural problems, profile manufacturers produce a large range of products from which elements of different shapes and sizes can be easily assembled.

The entire range of products can be divided into two large groups: main profiles and auxiliary (additional).

Rice. 15.11. PVC profiles and interface units (ADEPLAST): a – box profile; b – impost; c – valves; g – glazing beads; d – reinforcing steel profile; e – seals; g – lining under the double-glazed window; h – “frame-sash” assembly; and – “impost-sash” assembly; j – fixed glazing unit in the impost; l – the same, in a box; 1 – box; 2 – leaf; 3 – impost; 4 – glazing bead; 5 – lining; 6 – seal

Profiles intended directly for the manufacture of windows, i.e. frames, sashes, imposts, frames belong to the group main products of the profile system. Typically, manufacturers produce 5...7 varieties of main profiles of each type (purpose) with different indicators for thermal engineering, statics, and design.

Auxiliary (additional) profiles are produced to expand the architectural capabilities of PVC windows and for their quick and convenient installation. Auxiliary profiles can be divided into several groups according to functional characteristics:

Profiles used to increase the architectural expressiveness of windows: glazing beads; slabs for dividing glazing; connectors; rotary profiles; decorative overlays, etc.;

Profiles used for window installation; finishing; thresholds; extension cords; flashings; ebb-connectors; profiles for shutters, etc.;

Restoration profiles attached to the existing frame of an old window without dismantling it;

Reinforcing profiles used in cases where the impost or connecting profile does not pass the static calculation.

Rice. 15.12. Examples of elements decorating large window glazing surfaces: a – adhesive overlay; b – crosspiece; c – double-sided pads with spacer strips

Windows of almost any configuration, any color and with any type of opening can be assembled from products of the profile system - both with an impost for double-hung windows or a window and a balcony door, and without it, with the so-called flashing cuff, or shtulp.

Connectors– profiles designed for connecting window (white) door frames to each other in structures consisting of two or more frames. Connectors can be designed for joining profiles under different angles, and their type is selected, as a rule, taking into account the requirements of window statics. These profiles are indispensable in the manufacture large windows, strip (horizontal and vertical) glazing, as well as bay windows of various shapes.

Rice. 15.13. Types of PVC profile connections: a – standard; b – connecting profiles; c – the same, with amplification; g – connector for right angle; d, f – connecting profiles for variable angles; 1 – silicone; 2 – reinforcement with bent profile; 3 – steel plate

Rice. 15.14. Details of glazing of bay windows (KVE): 1 – frame profile; 2 – connecting profile at 90°; 3 – rotating connecting profile; 4 – cylindrical profile; 5 – intermediate profile; 6 – reinforcement liner; 7 – sealing gasket; 8 – screw; 9 – expansion profile; 10 – butyl tape; 11 – insulation; 12 – facing brick; 13 – partition; 14 – drywall; 15 – facing corner

Extenders– profiles designed to increase the height of the window frame, which is often necessary, for example, when installing windows in old buildings with large quarters, when making plinths for kiosks, when installing balcony doors, etc. Extenders can be as wide as window box or already. For example, smaller extensions are used to attach external flashings or window sills.

Rice. 15.15. Balcony door made with an expansion PVC profile (VEKA)

Connector ebbs– profiles designed for effective drainage of water from the window structure and for connecting external sills and window sills. They can also be used independently to avoid water flowing under the frame.

Finishing – various types facing profiles for finishing window slopes. There may also be separate profiles: corners, platbands, plugs, etc.

Thresholds– are made of aluminum, but are included in the programs of PVC profile suppliers. Thresholds are divided into thresholds for entrance doors and overhead protective profiles for balcony doors.

Rice. 15.16. Balcony door opening outwards

Design features of PVC profiles. As already mentioned, PVC profiles have hollow chambers filled with air inside. The chamber is a closed internal cavity (system of cavities) of the profile, located perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. The chamber may consist of a number of subchambers separated by partitions. The chambers perform various functions, for example, for installing reinforcing inserts or as self-ventilation channels. Basic profiles are available with three, four or five cameras. The number, dimensions and location of cameras are determined by technical calculations.

The profiles have additional grooves that are used for installing glazing beads, fittings and for fastening additional elements. The thickness of the profile walls, depending on their location, is 1.5...3 mm.

Big camera called basic, it serves to install a reinforcing liner (reinforcing profile), since PVC products are exposed to high temperatures and external loads change their shape, increase in size and become deformed.

The cross-section of the reinforcing liner and the thickness of its walls are calculated according to static requirements. They may have different shapes- both U-shaped and closed rectangular. The thickness of the walls can be different - from 1 to 3 mm. Reinforcing (reinforcing) liners are made from galvanized bent steel (main option), aluminum, fiberglass.

In strong winds and rain, individual drops may penetrate to the bottom of the rebate of the glass unit or frame. To drain this water, the bottom of the rebate has an inclination towards the outer edge or a special recess. Next, water through special drainage holes in the walls of the frame and sash profiles falls into drainage chambers, from where it is discharged outside.

In Fig. Figure 15.17 shows the frame and sash combination of the VEKA system at the bottom of the window. The outer chamber of both frame and sash profiles is filled with polyurethane foam for thermal insulation, and the drainage chamber as such is located entirely in the warm zone. From the frame profile, water flows down the support profile, which can also be insulated.

Rice. 15.17. Frame and sash profiles with polyurethane foam filling (VEKA): 1 – external chambers; 2 – drainage chambers; 3 – stand profile; 4 – drainage

For fastening the fittings (hinges) connecting the frame and sash, there are special chambers for fastening accessories. The presence of such chambers is due to the fact that the fastening screws must pass through at least two PVC walls with a total wall thickness of at least 5 mm.

The frame and sash can be positioned in relation to each other in different ways. The outer surfaces of the frame and sash can be in the same plane, partially or completely displaced. When the frame and sash are positioned flush, the sash profile makes it possible to install glass units of greater thickness.

Rice. 15.18. The location of the PVC profiles of the frame and sash in relation to each other: a – flush; b – partially displaced; c – completely displaced

A groove is provided for fastening the glazing bead in the sash and frame.. It is used in a frame if the window is blind and, therefore, the glazing is installed directly into the frame. The profile of the glazing bead can be very different, which is determined by the architectural design. The glazing beads are most often fastened by sliding them into a groove, which makes it possible to replace the glazing if necessary.

There is also usually a groove on the glazing bead where a seal is inserted, tightly pressing the glass unit. In recent years, the use of systems with additional extruded sealing elements, which form an inextricable unit with the bead itself, has increased.

Sealing gaskets (profiles) are installed not only in the glazing bead area, but also in the sash for fastening glass on the other side, as well as between the frame and sash for a tighter connection to each other (to ensure air and water tightness).

Various options for sealing the plane between the frame and the sash are possible, due to technical and architectural reasons:

External seal (in the frame) and internal seal (in the sash) – seal along the rebate;

Middle seal supplemented by an inner seal (in the sash);

The triple seal is a combination of the previous two; used to improve sound insulation.

Rice. 15.19. Frame and sash sealing systems: a – double-circuit; b – three-circuit

Methods for installing PVC windows in wall openings of various modern designs are shown in sufficient detail in Fig. 15.20.

Rice. 15.20. Installation of PVC windows in wall openings: a – c external plaster; b – with external brick cladding; c – the same, ventilated type; d – from three-layer concrete panels; 1 – window frame profile; 2 – expansion profile; 3 – sealing cord; 4 – insulation; 5 – casing; 6 – vapor barrier; 7 – silicone sealant; 8 – sealing gasket; 9 – antiseptic timber; 10 – waterproofing; 11 – mounting anchor; 12 – drywall; 13 – paint vapor barrier; 14 – antiseptic board

In any carpentry or furniture the most important node are corner connections. They provide quality and durability wooden products. Compared to dowel fastening, classic way- tenon joints with glue have greater durability and rigidity. Such connections are used in cases where the assembled frame must have a groove or fold for inserting a panel or glass.

In practice, they are presented in several options: two grooves and a tenon inserted into them, one-sided or two-sided “mustache” connection and with a double tenon. But most simple option For home handyman What remains is the use of an inserted (“foreign”) spike. Such a connection is nothing more than a tongue-and-groove connection.

The quality of the connection depends entirely on the exact fit of the groove and tenon, which is achieved only by choosing a measuring tool and a well-sharpened saw and chisel.

At corner connection with one tenon, the thickness of the block is divided into three equal parts (on a block less than 25 mm, the tenon should be slightly thicker than the cheek of the groove).

When marking, first transfer the width of the frame to the inner edge of the opposite part. The marks are applied using a square with an awl. Since the wood around the tenon is selected, its marking is done from either side. For the groove, markings are made only along its narrow side. The parts are then marked. It is customary to make grooves in the vertical elements of frames, and tenons in the horizontal elements. The grooves are marked with a thicknesser. A tenon bow saw is used to saw along the falling part (for a groove to the base, for a tenon - to the ledge). Then the groove is hollowed out with a chisel. To do this, the sawn part is mounted on a workbench. The chisel is placed with the sharpening edge to the part to be separated and driven with a mallet exactly into the mark with light blows. First, a wedge-shaped hole is hollowed out. The separated part of the wood is left in place so that when working with reverse side there was emphasis. The tenon is cut at a right angle using a miter saw.

Special corner connection options

Special forms of grooves and tenons - double tenon and “mustache” grooves. Double tenons are used in products subject to heavy loads and thick frames. If the frame structure is profiled at the end, then a mustache connection is made. There are one-sided and two-sided grooves on the “must” (due to the insufficient area of ​​​​the contact surfaces, they are less durable).

The groove should be located in the middle third of the thickness of the part. The excavation around the tenon is made less than the depth of the groove, otherwise there will be a gap in the joint. After assembly, the remaining cheeks of the groove are sawed off along the entire length. The reverse is also possible.

The fold on the frame must be consistent with the division into three parts. This will save reworking time on the tenon. The width of the fold must be taken into account when marking, otherwise during milling, gaps will appear here too.

After sanding the inner and outer surfaces of the mortise and tenon, the frame is glued together. In this case, it is necessary to compress the corner joint in two planes through spacers. The ends of the groove and tenon should be open for inspection and adjustment during assembly. The protruding glue is removed. When gluing, control the right angle of the frame.

After the glue has dried, the clamps are removed and the protruding parts of the tenon or groove cheeks are ground off from the flanks to the level with outside products.

	Tenon joint with “mustache”: one-sided and two-sided. The choice is determined by the design requirements for the product or its appearance.
	A double tenon is made for particularly loaded corners and thick frames. In this case, the thickness of the bar is divided into five equal parts.
	When sampling longitudinal groove in frame details the tenon is not affected. Otherwise, when gluing the assembly, a hole will appear in its end.
	Even when marking, the fold must have a corresponding increase, otherwise there will be gaps. The depth is determined by dividing into three parts.
	The tenons and cheeks of the grooves protrude further. When compressing them, spacers will be required. After this, the increase is sawed off.

Entering connections

Calling the Connections dialog: Menu -> Directories -> Connections.

All structural elements (frame profiles, imposts, frames, sashes, filling) form connections with each other. Two articles are involved in one connection, i.e. it is impossible to create a connection with three structural elements in the program (for example, an impost is included in a frame connection).

There are three types of connections:

corner (corner connection of frames and corner connection of sashes),

end (the impost fits into the frame or sash, the frame fits into the frame), adjacent (the sash is adjacent to the frame, the glass unit is adjacent to the frame, impost or sash, etc.).

The end and adjacent connection form two elements, one of which is basic or main, the second is dependent. For example, in the end connection “Impost-frame” the frame is the main element, the impost is the dependent one, in the adjacent connection “Glass-package-sash” the sash is the main element, the double-glazed window is the dependent one.

Thus, main connection elementThis is the element to which the dependent element is adjacent or included.

Dependent Element we will call it article 1,

main - article 2.

In a corner connection, both elements forming the connection are equivalent, so it does not matter which of the elements will be article 1 and which will be article 2.

Thus, in the groups Article1-Side and Article2-Side, it is indicated which side the connection is on: any side, outside or inside.

The program calculates the sizes of components using the following formulas:

[Sash size]=[Overall size (Frame size)]-2* [Frame width]+2*[Sash-frame connection size]

[Insulating glass size]=[Sash size]-2* [Sash width]+2* [Sash-glazing unit connection size]

If you insert an impost into the frame, its size will be equal to:

[Impost size]=[Frame dimensions]-2*[Frame width]+2* [Impost-frame connection size]

Therefore, the accuracy of the calculations of the program itself will depend on how correctly the size is assigned in a particular connection.

Corner,

Angle to horizontal

Radius

Seam length located

on the right side of the dialog box.

Minimum and Maximum angles- limits for changing the angle between profiles for corner and end connections.

Minimum and Maximum angle to horizontal- these are restrictions on the location of the connection (for adjacent connections). For a rectangular structure, the horizontal top profile is taken as 0 degrees, then counterclockwise: left - 90 degrees, bottom - 180, right - 270. For example, if the sash enters the frame from below at a distance different from the other sides, then it is necessary to create three connections with angles to the horizontal are 0-179 with one size, 180 - 180 with another size and 181-360 with a size, as in the first case. These three connections will ensure the connection of the frame with the sash along the entire contour with the required dimensions.

Radius - These are restrictions for adjacent connections.

Seam length - these are restrictions for corner joints of the first type.

The doors are in different planes- the flag is set for the adjacent connection of two sliding sashes, if they are in different planes (sliding sashes).

Flag “Article 1 only vertical”(available only for corner connections) - set if it is necessary to describe a corner connection in which one of the connected profiles can only be vertical, the other - only horizontal.

In this case, Article 1 - on the “Connected elements” page there should always be a vertical profile.

After the name of the connection is entered on the “Description of connections” page, the type of connection is selected (corner, end or adjacent), the size and technological restrictions are specified, on the page “Connectable elements» it is necessary to enter the article numbers of the profiles that will be connected to each other in the manner described above.

In the table " Any combination of Article 1 with Article 2» All Articles 1 are entered, which can be connected to all Articles 2. Ie. any element from the table Article 1 can be connected to any element from the table Article 2. (glazed windows, blind fillings, etc., can be connected to any profile indicated on the right side of “Article 2”)

For adjacent connections, if Article 1 is a double-glazed window, which is assembled in production from glass and spacer frames of different thicknesses (i.e. double-glazed windows of the same thickness may contain different quantities glass and frames), then you need to set the flag “Article 1 can be a composite glass unit" And set the minimum and maximum thickness glass unit. Thus, all composite double-glazed windows will be suitable for this connection, the thickness of which will be within the limits of the minimum and maximum thickness.

In the table "Combinations" » a direct correspondence is established between Article 1 and Article 2 “one to one”. Those. Only those articles that are in the same line are connected to each other.

For example: It is necessary to describe the corner connection of the first type for plastic profiles (connection of elements at an angle of 45 degrees). As a rule, with such a connection plastic profiles welded. Only identical article numbers of frames or sashes can be welded together, therefore, in the “combination” table in one line, Article 1 and Article 2 will be the same. There can be as many of these lines as there are profiles that can be connected in this way and satisfy the technological restrictions on the page "Connection Description».

Filling out the connection specification table

The connections described at the top of the Connection Description page and on the Connected Elements page allow you to create only a sketch of the product.

The main profiles are prescribed:

frames and sashes - in corner joints;

threshold - in the corner connection threshold-frame.

impost - in end connections impost-frame, impost-sash, impost-impost;

shtulp - in end connections shtulp-frame, shtulp-threshold, shtulp-impost;

In addition to the profile for the connection, the specification must specify those components that will be used in this connection and for which it is necessary to obtain a calculation of their quantity or cutting. These can be glazing beads, seals, screws, supports for double-glazed windows, etc.

Some components may not be registered in Connections , and in the directory Inserts.

For example: - decorative caps for shtulp. They can be included in the specification of the connection, but then if several different connections are described in which this frame is used (connections between the frame and the frame and the connection between the frame and the threshold), then these caps will have to be registered in each connection. In such situations, when the size or quantity of a component, regardless of the connection, remains constant, it can be written in inserts (see section Entering inserts).

In the "Color" column » the color of the component is indicated. The list offers options for the color that the component may have. Here you can select a specific color: black, white, gray, etc., or you can specify that the color of the component should be matched to the color of one of the elements forming the connection. In this case, you should indicate “As article 1” or “As article 2”. If the color of the component is selected according to the external or internal color of “Article 1” or “Article 2”, then it is selected accordingly “As Article 1/2 from the inside/outside.

For example, the glazing bead is selected according to the internal color of the profile, i.e. How "Article 2 from inside" In this case, the program will analyze the color group of the glazing bead. If it contains a color that matches the color " Article 1" or "Article 2 » from the inside, then the glazing bead will receive a color that matches the color of Article 1/2 from the inside. If such a color is not found, then the program will analyze the data on the page "Matching color groups» tables « Colors and color groups" If the correspondence of colors in the color groups of the specification line and Article 1 / 2 is specified there, then the specified color is taken for the specification line. If not, then during design the program will display a warning message about the impossibility of selecting a color.

Qty - quantity of components for this connection.

Size - the calculation of the length or quantity of the component depends on the value of this field.

With an angular connection, this size indicates the shortening of the component relative to the overall dimensions of the product.

When at the end, it indicates the distance to which this component fits into Article 2.

In an adjacent connection, this size shows how far from the light opening the component fits into Article 2.

Coefficient - this is the amount of components per 1mm profile.

If the unit of measurement of a component from the specification is meters (for example, a profile, seal, glazing bead, etc.), then the coefficient is 0.001 (1mm = 0.001m, i.e., for 1 mm of profile there is 1 mm of component).

If the unit of measurement for a component is pieces (sets), then the coefficient shows how many pieces are there per 1 mm of the product. For example, if the screws are screwed in every 300 mm, then there are 1/300 = 0.0033 screws per 1 mm of profile.

If the unit of measurement of the component is liters or kilograms, then the coefficient shows how many liters (kilograms) are per 1 mm. Let there be 400 g of Butyl per meter of double-glazed glass, then per 1 mm it will be 0.001/0.4 = 0.0025.

Thus, the BOM Item Quantity is calculated as ( Overall Size- Size) x Coefficient

Circuit No. - is installed in the case when two specification elements with one article form several contours, for example, the seal of one article has different size(enters the profile at different distances relative to the color opening).

"Weld seam" - the profile size depends on the angle.

The "By contour" flag and the " Shortening along the contour» - in the case of adjacent connections for components located along the contour of the opening with shortening, for example, a seal in which it is not located along the entire contour, but with a gap for micro-ventilation.

Flag " Only for straight profiles"When this flag is set, the component from the connection specification will be included in the product specification only if the profiles from the page "Connected elements" will be straight. (For the correct calculation of the amount of reinforcement in products of the arch type, this flag is set for reinforcement articles)

Install (“Always”; “With Article 1”; “With Article 2”)- what this specification element is prescribed for. By default - in the “Always” position. The connection is formed by two elements. Sometimes it is necessary that a specification element be used not for the entire connection, but for one of its elements: Article 1 or Article 2. For example, in the corner connection of a frame and a threshold.

To the opening - in the case of adjacent sash-frame connections, install for components that have a unit of measurement of meter, which are installed over the entire opening. For example, a drip molding installed in the production of wooden structures on the lower frame.

For each component from the connection specification, you can also set technological restrictions on its use using the fieldsAngle, Size and Radiuslocated at the bottom of the dialog box. From the specification for the connection, the program will select those elements that satisfy the given size, radius and angle.

If it is necessary to select an element of the connection specification at the request of the customer or designer, then a limitation on the parameters is introduced for this element.

For example, if you need to choose which glazing bead to install: straight, figured or elegance, then the parameter “ Beading bead " with a set of values ​​" straight, curly and elegance " Three beads are entered into the specification and opposite each of them the “Bead” parameter is set with the corresponding value. A new parameter is added by clicking the Parameters button and a set of its values ​​is added below. This will allow you to select this element during the design process.

To display remote connections in the list, use the Show deleted flag.

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