Iron or metal staircase– an integral attribute for the second floor of private houses, cottages, townhouses. Due to their high strength, wear resistance, and fire safety, these structures are also suitable for arranging premises with high traffic - for shopping centers, commercial buildings, offices. In addition, the stairs to metal pipes used as a method of climbing to the attic, roof, and outbuildings.
The SilaMet plant offers staircase structures made of metal in the following varieties:
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When choosing a staircase for production or for home, spiral or combined, take a look at our catalog. We set reasonable prices for these metal structures and guarantee their impeccable quality.
Iron ladder: installation and production rules
When ordering iron stairs, it is important to choose not only their design, but also a company that will strictly follow the rules and regulations of construction when installing them. So, for load-bearing beams, stronger and thicker steel will be required, pipes with rectangular cross-section or channel. You also need to take care of choosing reliable fasteners. In addition, the street staircase can additionally be coated with special paints that protect it from corrosion.
Knowing all these features, our craftsmen will produce staircase structures according to your wishes that will look impeccable and remain reliable and safe for many years.
Interfloor stairs are made of various materials, such as concrete, wood, metal. Recently, they have become especially popular metal stairs. Technological qualities of this material make it possible to make a metal staircase with your own hands of almost any design, while the structure will be distinguished by its durability and aesthetic appeal. However, in order to make quality metal staircase diagrams with your own hands, you need to make correct calculations and choose a quality one construction material. The reliability and load bearing capacity stairs. This article will discuss how to design drawings and take into account all the features of a metal structure.
Types of metal stairs
Metal stairs are classified according to design, manufacturing method, and design features.
There are several types of metal stairs
According to the design of the structure there are:
- screw;
- marching;
- curvilinear.
Depending on the manufacturing method, stairs can be forged or welded. Forged structures It is much more difficult to make than a simple welded staircase, so it is better to entrust this matter to professional builders.
Structurally, products are divided into the following types:
- Screw. In such a design, the role of the load-bearing element is played by support pillar, which is located in the central part of the building.
- On one stringer. An I-beam or channel is used as a support, which is placed in the center of the structure, and steps are attached to it.
- On the stringers. The support is located under the steps. This type of structure is most often used by the owners of mansions for the manufacture of interfloor metal stairs.
- On pain. This type metal structures are frameless, in in this case The steps are attached to the wall with special bolts.
- On the bowstrings. The bowstring, which is located on the side of the structure, acts as a support.
In this video you will learn how to install a ladder:
Attention! When making an iron staircase with your own hands, you need to know that the most complex structure is a spiral staircase made of metal, and this applies not only to design, but also to the manufacture of elements. It is better to entrust the construction of such a device to specialists.
They are single-span and double-span, straight, with a turn. If experience is not enough, then it is better to start construction with a straight single-flight structure. It is also necessary to select a staircase with stringers. This product is reliable, durable and not particularly complex circuit manufacturing.
An example of a simple staircase design
The most simple example the design is attached metal structure. It is done by welding. To make a two-meter ladder, you will need two pipes with a diameter of 6 centimeters for support and 7 crossbars with a length of 0.7 meters and a diameter of 3 centimeters.
During construction, the top step is welded first. To do this, you need to measure 25 centimeters from the top of each pipe. The remaining steps are welded in the same way: 25 centimeters are set aside from each previous one and the next step is welded.
Necessary equipment, tools, materials
To create a metal staircase to the second floor with your own hands you will need:
- welding machine;
- electrodes with diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm;
- drill;
- Bulgarian;
- drill;
- cutting discs 125×1.6 mm;
- polished wheels 125 mm;
- mask;
- mittens;
- protective glasses;
- stable table;
- vice;
- clamp;
- roulette;
- vice;
- pencil;
- primer;
- square;
- stepladder for stairs;
- White Spirit;
- dye.
Stages of creating a staircase with your own hands
Making a metal staircase with your own hands is quite simple, and it doesn’t matter whether the structure is being built on the porch or on the second floor, only the type of structure changes. The first thing you need to do is decide on the type of building, depending on its purpose.
Calculations
If you ordered a design calculation from a special company, then such organizations use computer programs to create a design. In such a program, parameters can be easily changed, and after the customer approves the final version, the computer produces drawings.
If you did not contact a design company, but decided to complete the drawings yourself, then it will be a little more complicated. Let's consider performing calculations for the simplest design - a straight single-flight one.
There are standard requirements for calculations
Typical requirements:
- The height of the steps should be 17-18 cm.
- The optimal width of the stairs for private houses is 90 cm.
- The minimum depth of steps is 27 cm.
- The step of the staircase structure is 60-65 cm, this includes the height of the step and riser.
- The optimal angle of inclination of the steps is 30-45°.
- The fence must support a weight of about 100 kg.
- The minimum distance between fence posts is 15 cm.
In addition to the standard requirements, to manufacture a straight single-flight structure, it is necessary to perform the following calculations:
- Fixture length. To do this, you need to calculate two sizes. The first is the distance from the beginning to the end of the stairs (meaning the distance from the first floor to the second). The second is the height between them. You got two numbers. Each one must be squared and then folded. Next, extract the root from the resulting number.
- Number of steps. To do this, it is necessary to divide the resulting length of the device by the selected step height. Optimal height specified in the standard requirements.
- Depth of steps. It is necessary to divide the length of the staircase by the number of steps and see that the resulting figure meets the requirements; if necessary, change the dimensions in the previous paragraph.
The resulting dimensions are needed to determine the amount of material.
Preparatory work
Before starting work, you need to prepare everything necessary equipment. Regardless of the type of structure chosen, some of the frame elements will be connected to each other by seams, so the first and main device when constructing a structure is a welding machine. If you have never done this before welding work, then use a manual inverter, it is easier to use. If you have experience, then you can use any other device that is suitable for welding the metal of your choice.
You should also prepare a mechanical saw, emery wheel and Bulgarian. If you want to make a metal staircase with wooden steps with your own hands, then you will need a clamp and electric drill, and a circular saw and self-tapping screws.
An important stage of preparatory work is the creation of a project future design. You can either order it from a specialized company or do it yourself using suitable drawings from the Internet. Based on the project, you can calculate the required amount of reinforcing steel, metal profiles, and sheet metal. Before starting work, you need to practice welding on unnecessary metal blanks.
Manufacturing of blanks and parts
When calculations and preparatory work completed, it comes to completing the workpieces. We will need to make stringers, for this we need a square profile pipe. The role of support will be performed by iron corners. We will make steps and risers from sheet steel 4 mm wide.
Installation of a metal frame
After completing the calculations and manufacturing the main parts, it is necessary to begin the first stage of frame installation. The simplest staircase design is based on a channel placed on its side, the dimensions of which are 8-10. In the event that you want to finish the staircase, you need to prepare for this sheet metal or wooden boards.
For self-made metal porches, when covering the stairs, it is recommended to use non-slip materials, such as corrugated metal sheets. Railings and fences for this design are made from angle steel. To make supports for the stair treads, reinforcing steel should be prepared.
- The first stage will be cutting the reinforcement into fillets. These are special supporting devices that are placed on the beam. The required number of fillies, their sizes are selected according to project documentation designs.
- The next step is to weld the mounting containers to the side of the fillet where the step will be placed.
- Then we weld the fillets to the channel; they can also be secured with bolts. At this stage, pre-made markings will help you.
- Next, attach the next channel to the beam with the fillets attached to it and, if necessary, correct the markings.
Important! If you are going to build an ordinary staircase with a meter width with your own hands, then a few stringers or bowstrings will be enough.
We strictly follow the instructions for creating the stairs
If it is planned to erect a larger structure, then there must be at least three support beams.
- The next step is to assemble the metal staircase using welding.
- Then treat the material with a primer and wait until it dries completely.
- Process metal special composition against corrosion.
- Place the building on supports. Can be used as a support metal corners, attached by welding to beams or channel racks.
- The structure is ready, all that remains is to sheathe the steps.
Frame paneling with wood
Used for covering metal stairs various materials. The most popular is finishing stairs on a metal frame with wood:
- The first thing to do is mark the places on the steps where the bolts will be placed. The pitch should be 15 cm, and the distance between the mounting holes and the end edges should be 2 cm.
- Next, the plywood backing is attached. Fixation is carried out using a special glue that has a filling effect. This composition allows you to eliminate minor imperfections; it does not wrinkle after drying.
- The last step is to fix the wooden overlay on the tread; for this, clamps, screws or bolts are used.
Installation of railings and fences
Most often, wood and metal are used to make railings, less often stone, glass, and PVC.
During production wooden stairs The following rules must be observed:
- Fastenings should be made with self-tapping screws, which are covered with wooden plugs.
- The handrail is fixed to the rack with screws. Tenon joints are considered more reliable. Such spikes are lubricated with glue before fastening.
- Filling is carried out from bars or racks.
- If a bowstring is used, the fastening can be done using pins. They are glued into the lower part of the support. After this, the balusters are inserted into the sockets.
- If stringers are used, then installation is carried out on the steps.
If you choose for fencing metal railings, then the assembly is performed as follows:
- Metal fasteners are mounted with bolts or welding.
- First, a 10 cm long hairpin is screwed into the lower part of the post and balusters.
- Then the upper part of the rack is installed, it is screwed into the step, and the pin is removed. These pins serve as a guide for marking.
- Next, holes are drilled according to the markings for attaching metal elements.
- Then the supports are screwed into the treads.
- The posts are trimmed.
- The handrail is attached.
A metal staircase can be equipped with any type of fencing, since metal combines well with various materials. It could be ordinary vertical racks, glass, hand-forged elements, as well as the structure can be equipped with throws.
Finally
Based on the above, we can conclude that making a metal staircase with your own hands is quite possible. To do this, it is necessary to study the features and nuances of constructing a particular structure, and by choosing suitable look buildings - strictly follow the instructions.
External metal stairs
During construction, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances in as much detail as possible so that the staircase is safe and effectively performs its functions. A correctly calculated and installed structure will last for a long time. The possibilities of metal are endless for realizing design ideas.
Let's consider the features of street stairs on a metal frame and their types.
Peculiarities
An outdoor metal staircase is a very important part of a home's exterior. Like any staircase, it must have a certain set of characteristics. In outdoor conditions, metal is ideal for making stairs, because it is durable, durable material. Also, using metal forging, you can make a model of a non-standard configuration.
Our company produces street stairs on a metal frame and has experience in implementing design features of any complexity. For customers with a small budget we offer standard stairs. Although there is also a way out of this situation - you can add railings or handrails of an original shape. Our specialists have installed a huge number of structures in different conditions, so entrust the installation of the stairs to us! Then it will meet all safety requirements. We will give a 10 year guarantee.
Kinds
There are several types of outdoor metal stairs. Depending on the intended purpose, there are corresponding requirements for the materials from which they are made, and recommended design features. Choosing the final option is easy when you know the exact purpose of the staircase structure.
Stairs are:
- Attic. Connects the attic to the street, can be 2-3 floors high.
- To the second floor. Connects the second floor of the house with the street - sometimes this is simply necessary. When the house is small, the stairs will take up too much space. Or if the design of the house does not provide for it.
- To the first floor. Connects the porch country house and the street, can be up to 2 meters in height, depending on the presence of a basement floor.
- Basement. Unites basements and the street.
Metal stairs come with a platform and also without it. Depending on the type of material from which they are made, there are steel and iron. According to the purpose of use, they are divided into technical, screw, and exclusive. For evacuation, to save space and to give the exterior of the house a unique decorative beauty.
How to purchase
To buy an outdoor metal staircase, leave a request on the website or call us. After talking with our manager, send a photo of the place where you want to place the structure, and we will prepare the most suitable offer for you. We also work on design projects. We can implement the project you like based on a photo. We guarantee our work for 10 years.
If you are building multi-storey building, you will need a ladder, because without it it will be impossible to move around the house. A worthy alternative creaky wooden structures - this is metal flight of stairs. Naturally, work with metal frame will be more difficult than with wood, but with proper preparation you can make the design yourself. Just imagine how surprised your family and friends will be.
And in a private house, stairs to the second floor can be made without any problems, and most often they are made of metal. This design will serve you and your family for a long time and reliably.
Features of a metal frame
Hardware have their own unique specifications, thanks to which it is possible to make a staircase structure different sizes and almost any configuration. In addition, stairs made of metal of any size and shape will look quite light. They are easy to make. You will not have any problems making a ladder if you have at least minimal experience working with an angle grinder and a welding machine.
In the manufacture of these structures from metal profiles, various materials can be used, such as, for example, profile pipes. This is the most suitable option for interfloor spaces indoors for both private and commercial purposes.
Structurally, flights of stairs made of metal do not have big differences from spans of wood and concrete. The same design and calculation standards are used in the manufacture of all these products. You just need to competently draw up a drawing, taking into account all the design requirements.
Advantages and disadvantages
Metal staircases tend to be more used for outdoor or industrial purposes due to their strength and reliability. But in lately in private construction, metal ones began to be used along with wooden ones.
If you have not yet decided on the choice of material, it is worth considering some of the advantages of metal. The main advantage is considered long term operation. You won't have to carry it additional expenses, because the technology does not involve the use of additional equipment. The manufacturing process allows us to produce unique shapes of balusters and supports. It allows you to combine various elements decor.
One of the advantages is the possibility of combination. Metal structures go well with finishes made of different materials, for example, glass, stone, wood. And the use of a steel frame with products made of concrete, stone and wood is also popular.
Their advantages also include a fairly simple assembly process. In their manufacture, pipes of various diameters can be used, steel profiles, reinforcing steel and also metal sheets different thicknesses, angle steel, channels and other profiles.
Painting, in turn, requires a significant investment of time and effort. After all, first you will have to clean all elements of the product from rust. This is labor-intensive and time-consuming work, but it must be done. Failure to clean before painting will cause the new paint to crack and rust.
It is necessary to determine what are the pros and cons of metal stairs. After all experienced builders and designers will be able to turn any disadvantage into an advantage.
Main design elements
In the manufacture of any iron staircase, both mandatory and optional elements are used. Among the basic elements, it is necessary to name first of all the steps and load-bearing beams(or other supports). Beams can be inclined (string) or can rest on the floor under the stairs. In addition, ladders are attached to the ceiling or wall using metal bolts.
Load-bearing component spiral staircase the central pillar on which the steps are “strung” is considered. In order for the steps to be strong and withstand heavy loads, strips or supports are attached to them from below as stiffeners. After all, handrails, like fences in general, are not always installed, but their implementation makes it possible to prevent falls. These staircase elements, especially the handrail, which guarantees the rigidity of the entire railing, must have an excellent margin of safety. Wherein necessary elements The staircase structure is considered to be the main pillars, which are also used for the rigidity of the fence.
The main pillars are divided into 3 types:
- starting at the bottom of the stairs;
- corners at the turns of the stairs;
- finishing at the top of the stairs.
Risers are used quite rarely; staircases are increasingly being made through - with gaps between the steps.
For the sake of a decorative result, fittings are sometimes installed - additional components of the staircase, decorative handrails and finishing it at the edges. Thus, the main elements of the staircase are steps, bearing structures and fasteners.
Kinds
There are only two types of frames in metal stairs: open and closed.
- IN open form frame after complete assembly and the installation of the stairs, it remains visible. When installing a frame of this type, it is necessary to carefully carry out welding work and thoroughly weld the seams, and then clean and remove all rust and paint the entire frame.
- Closed frames It is much easier to build stairs, because they do not need to be refined, since they will be completely closed. To make this frame you only need a channel with corners and the right tool. After finishing and installation, such a staircase cannot be distinguished from one made of wood.
You can also note the types of evacuation products. They must be equipped with a special platform.
Of the many staircase designs, the first to be mentioned are marching products. There are several ways to make them. For example, in a staircase made of a profile pipe, stepped stringers can be welded on the sides. This march looks light and neat, and it is easy to install steps to it.
The most common option is the use of straight bowstrings; they are placed under the bottom of the treads. In this case, it is most convenient to use for manufacturing round pipe or channel. First, you should attach one or two bowstrings to the floor and ceiling in the house. To install the steps, fillets are welded. It is possible to do it differently by securing them with screws or welding steps between two strings.
In order to create a structure on stringers, the same materials are used as when making from a bowstring. When two stringers are used, they are installed in the same way as a bowstring, but not to the width of the march. The ends are not covered by support beams. To make supports for steps, corners are required that bend at 90 degrees. And so-called scarves are obtained, which are welded to the supports.
The screw design differs from others in its decorativeness and compactness. Typically these products are installed in country houses in connection with his simple production and low color.
To make it, you only need a support. A pipe to which profiles (I-beams or corners) are welded for further installation of steps is well suited. The approaches can be secured in several ways, bolted or laid in a pre-prepared frame.
For convenient movement along the stairs, the steps should be made with winders. It won’t be difficult to do it yourself, because the metal structure is easy to configure.
Ladder on rails, steps in this version are attached directly to load-bearing wall special bolts.
Regardless of the type of staircase, it should be supported only on the floors to create additional reliability of the structure. Sometimes they even erect a separate load-bearing partition made of concrete and brick.
Creating a Project
Special programs change companies, with the help of them 3D design is carried out. In this model it is easy to change the sizes of some individual elements. After the option has been approved, the working drawing and specification of the staircase are produced by the program.
Without the help of the program we have to do the calculations. Let's consider a simple design option - a single-flight straight staircase. We know the usual requirements for step height and depth. Best angle the inclination is 30 - 45 degrees. We take measurements between two points: from the beginning to the end of the staircase at floor level (denoted by a) and the height between floors (b), then the length is even (d). We need to determine the length of the stairs.
Using the equation: (a) squared + (b) squared = (d) squared, our length is calculated. Required quantity steps are calculated using this formula, as a result the height of the step will be 179 mm or 167 mm. The overhang is the part of the upper step that hangs over the lower one. Optimal size the overhang is 3-5 cm. The size of the steps will be increased by the width of the so-called overhang. We get the basic parameters that we need to determine the amount of materials. For two stringers we need a profile pipe. From the corners, which we strengthen with reinforcement for reliability, we weld supports for the steps (fillies). We make these steps and risers from 4 mm iron and then cover them with wood.
First of all, you must prepare a modular work scheme. You need to calculate the amount of material you will need. Such step-by-step instruction, created on the basis of expert recommendations, will help you get the job done not only efficiently, but also quickly.
Tools and equipment
Before starting work, prepare all the tools required for this. First you will need a welding machine. Beginners most likely master inverter-type devices - they are easier to use. With suitable work experience, you can use any other machine suitable for welding the metal you are using.
Also prepare a saw, grinder and emery wheel. If you do wooden steps, additionally prepare clamps, a drill with a set of drills, self-tapping screws, and a circular saw.
Manufacturing
It is recommended to practice before starting work, get your hands on, get used to the device: all these actions should be carried out on third-party objects. Once you have mastered the basic welding techniques, only then should you begin finishing work.
A certain sequence should be followed in the work:
- cut the workpieces to size;
- production of units for fastening steps (fillies);
- corners should be welded;
- install stringers;
- steps and fencing should be welded;
- cleaning, polishing;
- primer and painting.
First of all, we make knots from the corners for attaching the steps (fillies). In order not to spoil the stairs, distortions should be avoided. The fillies must be identical and mirror each other. We make fillets from a steel corner; first, cut them out, then join the corners together.
As a result, you should have L-shaped welded units with shelves inward and downward. The shelves are welded deep and upward for steps made of concrete, as well as decoration with porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles. This design will require 14 pairs of these nodes - in each pair, one support will be right, and every second one will be left. We weld the step fastenings and the crossbar between each pair of corners. We also make the crossbar from a corner.
You can also increase the strength with the help of small scarves, which are placed at the bottom of the step in the direction of each stringer.
Along the edge of the profile square pipe We make a marking and weld the fillies to the edge of the stringer along it. We attach the second string to the first string with the fillies attached, and accurately transfer the markings. This is how we acquire the correct geometry of all parts. Our width is 900 millimeters, and two stringers are completely enough for us. We weld the fillies to the second stringer. We control them by level. Then we weld the stringers with the lower end to the main platform.