Insulation of walls with mineral wool in a frame house. Insulation of a frame house with mineral wool - diagram and step-by-step description of the work

As a rule, heat leakage in a frame house occurs through its walls and floor. The value of heat loss can reach up to 40%, which, you see, is quite deplorable. Only insulation will help solve this problem. frame house from inside or outside.

In this article we will try to consider the following points as fully as possible:

choice ;
a set of necessary materials;
technology internal thermal insulation walls and floors of a frame house.

Selection of insulation material

Perhaps this is one of the main difficulties that arises for those who decide to insulate their home. Of course, we will not be able to cover all the variety of materials that are presented on the construction market today, but we will try to review the most popular of them.

Mineral wool in the form of mats

Insulation frame houses using mineral wool is almost the first thing that comes to mind. Its popularity is explained by several positive aspects:

To work with you do not need any additional equipment , and the only tools you need are construction knife for cutting.
It has excellent resistance to fire, rotting, and insects and rodents do not grow in it.
The cost of this material is quite low, which makes it accessible to all categories of citizens.
But the most important thing is that mineral wool is an excellent heat insulator, and also eliminates noise from the street.

Of course, there are negative sides too. The most significant of them is that this insulation absorbs a lot of moisture. Therefore, during installation you will need to take care of a proper hydro- and vapor barrier layer.

Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam

One way or another, polystyrene foam is used for insulation. residential buildings, but, like any other material, it has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages primarily include moisture resistance and a reasonable price.

In addition, when insulating with foam plastic, you can do without moisture and vapor barrier membranes. We have already mentioned the possible disadvantages above.

Spray insulators

In Russia they are not yet represented in a very large assortment. Of the most popular technologies Insulation with polyurethane foam can be distinguished. This thermal insulator consists of two liquid components (A and B), which are mixed with each other in certain proportions and then begin to foam under the influence of air supplied under pressure. After the polyurethane foam fills the entire insulated space, its excess is cut off.

The process of applying this insulation is somewhat similar to working with polyurethane foam. The final result is a continuous, seamless surface, eliminating cracks and so-called “cold bridges.” And since polyurethane foam does not absorb moisture, additional protection in the form of hydro- and vapor barrier membranes will not be required. Insulation of loggias, walls, floors, roofs - with such a universal insulator, everything is possible.

Ecowool

Unlike mineral wool, ecowool is completely natural material and does not require additional membrane layers, which is very important for those who want to make their home as environmentally friendly as possible.

Today there are two ways to install ecowool:

Dry. Using this method, it is possible to both insulate the floor of a frame house with your own hands and insulate the walls. To do this, open the packaging with ecowool and beat its contents. Then the material is placed in an insulated area and compacted until the required density is achieved.

The disadvantage of dry installation is that the insulation is essentially poured in, which in the future can cause the walls to shrink and lead to heat loss.

Wet. In this case, ecowool is sprayed onto the insulated surface using special equipment, and its fibers are securely glued to the frame and each other. It should be noted that this method eliminates possible shrinkage of the walls and, as a result, heat loss.

Technologies for insulating walls of frame houses from the inside

Firstly, for this you need to stock up on the following materials:

glassine (to create a waterproofing layer);
beams or metal profiles (for assembling the frame);
vapor barrier (for example, penofol);
insulation (let's take mineral wool as an example);
edged board with a section of 2.5x15 cm and a humidity of no more than 15%.

Secondly, before moving directly to the thermal insulation of the walls, prepare them in this way:

remove dirt and dust using a broom and vacuum cleaner;
remove protruding nails (if any);
dry the walls thoroughly (you can use heaters for this purpose);
Fill all the cracks with foam.

So, the technology of wall insulation:

Waterproofing. For this, as mentioned above, we use glassine. It is cut into separate strips according to the dimensions of the walls and attached using construction stapler.

Important! Glassine strips are laid with an overlap of 10 cm and secured along the joint in increments of 10-12 cm.

A layer of glassine will provide good waterproofing, due to which moisture will be removed from the insulation to the outside of the frame house, which in turn will dry naturally.

Frame assembly. It is made either from beams or from metal profiles(read how to properly construct a frame in our other articles). In principle, everything is visible and clear in the figure.

Insulation metal frame or wooden. At this stage, installation is carried out insulating material. In our example, this is mineral wool. She's getting chopped required sizes using a knife and placed between the frame posts.

Note! When cutting mineral wool, add 5 cm on each side. This is done so that the material lies as tightly as possible, without the formation of gaps between the pieces of insulation.

Do not throw away the remaining mineral wool scraps, but use them as strands laid between the joints of the insulation.

Vapor barrier. A vapor barrier such as penofol 3 mm thick is well suited for mineral wool. It is laid on walls in the same way as glassine. That is, first we cut the penofol into strips with an allowance of 5 cm, and then we overlap and secure with a stapler.

Wall cladding and thermal insulation layer edged board using standard technology.

This, in principle, is the whole scheme for insulating a frame house, or rather its walls.

Floor insulation

Insulation of floors in a frame house, as well as insulation of walls, is a mandatory procedure. Otherwise, all the heat will go into the basement of the house. Insulation allows you to avoid heat loss and cold air entering the room from the ground.

The sequence of work is approximately the same as when insulating walls. You will have to act depending on how the floor in the house is arranged. Usually these are logs that rest directly on the foundation or special support pillars.

Note! Even at the stage of building a frame house, it is necessary to ensure that the logs are made with an interval of no more than 58 cm. Then it will be possible to simply lay mineral insulation required length. Too large a distance between the lags is inconvenient not only for subsequent thermal insulation, but also due to the fact that the finishing flooring Over time it may begin to deform.

Floor insulation in a frame house begins with the construction of a subfloor, which is necessary for laying a heat insulator between the joists. It is made from a 10x2.5 cm edged board. The boards can be laid in various ways.

Here's one of the simplest:

Screw 5x5 cm beams from below and across all the joists so that you create a division of the floor.
Lay down edged board the required length parallel to the joists, between them. Thus, the edges of the boards will rest on the foundation, and in the middle they will have support from the beams.

Lay the subfloor waterproofing membrane in order to protect the insulation from moisture. The membrane is attached between the logs with an overlap on them using a construction stapler (step 20-25 cm).

Next comes the installation of the heat insulator. Better to buy for floors roll insulation, since it is convenient to roll it out to the desired length. It is laid in at least three layers (that is, the result should be about a 15-centimeter layer).

The top of the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier membrane with an overlap of 10 cm. This way you will protect your work from water and steam that can penetrate from the room.

The final stage will be laying the floors themselves. It all depends on your needs and capabilities.

Important! Don't forget that everything wooden materials, which are used in the thermal insulation process, must be treated with antiseptics that protect them from rot and wood beetles.

Conclusion

So we answered all the questions posed at the beginning of the article. We hope that our instructions will be really useful for you in such a seemingly easy, but demanding task as insulating a frame house. And in the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic. Good luck!

Frame houses differ from others in the design of their external walls. There's no main thing here building material, like brick or wooden houses, and thermal insulation does not apply as a second layer using the hinged or wet facade. And insulating a frame house with mineral wool can be considered as an on-site assembly of a sandwich panel with insulation in the middle and thin-sheet sheathing.

Features of insulation of a frame house

The insulation of any building must be comprehensive - from the foundation to the roof. Frame houses are no exception.

Only an integrated approach to insulation will give a real effect

These are lightweight houses that do not require a strong foundation, and if the project does not include a basement or ground floor, then in most cases they install pile foundation. And in order to reduce heat loss through it, an insulated enclosure (basement) is installed.

Typically, the insulation of the floor of a frame house takes place according to the traditional scheme, in which the load-bearing elements are wooden beams ceilings and logs, and mineral wool is installed between them. To prevent the insulation from “falling out”, it is held from below by a sheet of boards (as an alternative, a mesh is used). A subfloor is laid on top as a base for the finishing coating.

Insulation frame walls mineral wool occurs according to the following scheme: it is placed between the racks and spacers, which are sheathed sheet materials or a board. The cross-section of the timber for the racks determines the thickness of the mineral wool layer, but this condition is not the main one when choosing the size of the load-bearing elements. To strengthen the walls of a frame house, especially a one-story one, a rack with a cross section of 50x150 mm is sufficient. For southern regions with “mild” winters, this thickness of mineral wool is quite enough. But for other regions it is not enough.

Scheme of a frame wall with timber 150 mm high

The use of timber with a height of 200 mm is often excessive in terms of the load-bearing properties of the frame, and in such cases it is more economical to perform additional external insulation.

Important! What thickness of layers of mineral wool is needed to insulate a house can only be shown by a calculation carried out on the basis of the current standard, taking into account the characteristics of the region and the properties of all enclosing surfaces

Roof insulation depends on the nature of use attic space. Non-residential, or “cold”, attics are insulated only along the ceiling. For attics and used attics in which they install engineering equipment(for example, hydraulic accumulators, ventilation and cooling systems), the roof itself is insulated.

From the point of view of thermal engineering, the walls of a frame house are single-layer. In order for them to become three-layer (structural material/insulation/structural material), the thickness of the outer layers of the enclosing surface must be more than 50 mm with a ratio of at least 1/1.25 to the thickness of the insulation (clause 8.11 SP 23-101-2004) . But in reality, the structure of the walls of a frame house contains 5 main layers, not counting the finishing of the facade and interior. Place between the sheathing and thermal insulation vapor barrier film(from the room side) and a waterproofing membrane (from the street side). And this arrangement is dictated by the properties of mineral wool.

Thanks to this property, it is even used in fireproof structures - doors and partitions.

For wooden structures this quality is important, therefore mineral wool is the main type of thermal insulation for floors on joists, pitched roofs and walls of frame houses. Although mineral wool “loses” in terms of thermal insulation properties to foam plastic (expanded polystyrene) and penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam).

The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to absorb water. The fiber itself does not get wet, but the structure of the material contributes to this. And when wet they are lost thermal insulation properties material and conditions for rotting appear wooden structure. To compensate for this disadvantage, two additional layers are used:

to prevent the penetration of water vapor from warm air from inside the heated room - vapor barrier;
to protect against water ingress from the façade and weathering excess moisture- waterproofing membranes.

What kind of mineral wool is used to insulate a frame house?

The term "mineral" covers three different materials: glass wool, slag wool and stone wool. For insulation of residential buildings, including frame ones, the latter option is used.

Glass wool is fragile, and during installation it creates a fine “dust” of broken fibers, which poses a danger not only to workers, but also to residents. Slag wool has low environmental qualities.

Mineral wool for a frame house can have different densities depending on the type of insulated surface and the insulation method.

The range of mineral wool is so wide that it can be used to insulate any enclosing surfaces and structures

Important! Stone wool is a special material. Its thermal conductivity does not directly depend on density - the structure and production technology are important. Therefore, rigid boards or mats may have higher thermal insulation properties than soft rolled materials.

According to the type of enclosing surface used the following types materials:

rigid slabs - concrete floor on the ground, reinforced concrete floor on strip foundation above the basement or ground floor(for styling floor tiles);
semi-rigid slabs and mats - frame walls, attic or roof of a used attic;
mats and rolls - wooden floors on joists and floors.

Note. When choosing the density of mineral wool for the walls of a frame house, there are certain restrictions. For “internal” insulation, materials with a density of 35-50 kg/m 3 are recommended, for external insulation (using ventilated facade technology) - at least 80-90 kg/m 3 . For wooden floors and there are no such restrictions on ceilings; you can use mineral wool of any density, and the main criterion is how much such insulation costs.

Description of the insulation process

When insulating with mineral wool different types The enclosing surfaces of a frame house use their own insulation scheme. But just like for frame walls, one thing applies general rule- vapor barrier of insulation is carried out from the side of the heated room.

The vapor barrier is laid in a continuous layer without “gaps” between the insulated surfaces

Floor slab above basement

In the case when the frame house project includes a basement, a strip foundation is used as the foundation.

Standard scheme insulation concrete floor first floor with mineral wool for laying floor tiles looks like this:

Level the surface of the slab using a screed.
Lay a waterproofing layer.
Rigid slabs of mineral wool (density from 150 kg/m3) are laid.
Cover the insulation with a continuous layer of vapor barrier film.
A cement-sand screed is poured as a subfloor.
Install the floor covering.

Note. To lay parquet, sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are additionally attached over the screed.

Insulated concrete floors on the ground have a similar structure.

Scheme of insulation of a concrete floor on the ground

When installing a wooden subfloor, the insulation scheme looks like this:

Overlap.
Waterproofing.
Lags.
Mineral wool between joists.
Vapor barrier.
Boards or plywood as a base for the finishing coating.

Wooden floor of the first floor

The traditional wooden floor plan looks like this:

Load-bearing floor beams resting on the foundation (beam bottom trim on the grillage or base of the strip base).
Additional logs and crossbars, which are installed taking into account the area of the room and the thickness of the subfloor boards.
Skull bars fixed at the bottom of beams, joists and cross members.
Board sheathing to support the waterproofing of the insulation.
Waterproofing membrane.
Mineral wool laid between the ceiling elements.
Vapor barrier.
Rough floor.

If the height of the subfloor allows you to install the lining from below, then you can do without a cranial block

Note. There are other insulation schemes. For example, they use a mesh that allows you to fully use the entire volume of the ceiling for insulation. Or installing an additional counter-lattice and another layer of floor insulation for frame houses in regions with cold winters.

Insulation of the facade of a frame house

External insulation of the walls of a frame house with mineral wool is usually carried out according to the ventilated facade scheme:

Install the sheathing for laying the insulation. The height of the cross-section of the beam must correspond to the thickness of the mineral wool; the layout step is chosen 5 cm less than its width.
Mineral wool mats are laid and fixed to the sheathing.
A layer of waterproofing windproof membrane is attached.
Install the counter-lattice. The height of the bar must be at least 6 cm (SNiP requirements for the size of the ventilated gap).
The walls are covered with façade panels.

One of the options for a double layer of thermal insulation - internal (between the racks) and external (along the sheathing)

Insulating a cold attic

In this case, it is not the roof that is insulated, but wooden floor. And the vapor barrier is laid in such a way as to protect not only the mineral wool, but also the wooden beams from getting wet. Classic scheme looks like that:

A suspended ceiling is mounted along the floor beams, to which a vapor barrier is attached underneath in a continuous layer. These can be either anti-condensation or reflective vapor-proof materials.
Mineral wool is laid between the beams, on the attic side, on the false ceiling.
A waterproofing membrane is attached to the beams.

Note. According to the standards, waterproofing of the insulation of a cold attic is recommended only along the perimeter with a width of at least 1 m.

If the thickness of the insulation occupies the entire “internal” volume of the floor, then spacer slats are mounted on top of the beams to create a ventilated gap.
The floor is mounted on beams (or spacer slats).

Roof insulation

Thermal insulation of the roof can take place according to two main schemes:

With one ventilated gap between the waterproofing and the roof. A superdiffusion membrane is used, which is laid directly on top of the insulation.
With two ventilated gaps. The first is between the insulation and waterproofing film, the second - between the film and the roof. It is applied for metal roofing when used waterproofing materials with limited vapor permeability.

Standard layout of an insulated roof with a waterproofing membrane and one ventilated gap

The structure of the insulated roof from the attic (attic) side looks like this:

Internal lining secured to sheathing.
Vapor barrier.
Insulation placed between the rafter legs.
Waterproofing fixed to the rafters (one ventilated gap) or to the spacer batten (two ventilated gaps).
Lathing for roof installation.

Good insulation of a house gives its owner the opportunity to avoid freezing in cold weather and even save on heating costs. It's important to choose quality materials for insulation and strictly follow the technology.

Mineral insulation- one of modern materials for insulation of buildings.

Mineral wool can be used to insulate indoor walls, and it can also be used to insulate facades.

Based on the material used, mineral wool is distinguished between stone (the most durable), slag (not as durable as stone, used for insulating temporary buildings) and glass (the most durable).

This one is comparatively inexpensive material has certain pros and cons.

Advantages of external and internal insulation

Among the main advantages, in addition to the low price, is low thermal conductivity. This makes it so popular that many consider wall insulation with mineral wool as one of the main options for insulating their home.
Besides this insulation increases sound insulation of rooms. It is distinguished by ease of installation.
Do-it-yourself insulation with mineral wool is quite simple. This is also facilitated by the convenient form of release - in rolls or mats.

mineral wool, which allows the building to “breathe”, is combined with high fire safety indicators. Therefore, cotton wool for wall insulation is often used both indoors and outdoors in flammable objects.
Mineral wool does not rot, and it is also not afraid of rodents and pests.

Disadvantages of insulating a house using this technology

However, in addition to the undeniable advantages of this material, there are also some negative characteristics.

First of all, mineral wool loses its insulating properties if it gets wet.
In addition, you should be extremely careful when installing insulation and perform it only with a respiratory mask and gloves, since dust particles from cotton wool are dangerous if inhaled. This is also related to the requirement for good finishing of rooms insulated with mineral wool, because when blown in through the cracks, the same dust can penetrate, which is bad for human health.

Both of these problems, however, are completely solvable if you follow the mineral wool insulation technology, which we will talk about below.

Insulating a house with mineral wool: a new step-by-step technology

The beginning of work on insulating walls with mineral wool involves cleaning the surfaces and treating them with special impregnations that prevent the formation of mold and mildew.

Wood will require impregnation with an antiseptic; brick and aerated concrete surfaces are covered with a layer of plaster and liquid waterproofing.

In addition, you should make sure that the insulated surfaces are dry. Also, all elements that can damage the integrity of the insulation are removed from the walls - platbands and slopes when exterior decoration, fastening and decorative elements when insulating walls from the inside.

Next, a vapor-permeable membrane is attached to the cleaned wall, with the smooth side facing the insulation.

On next stage a frame made of wood or metal is mounted (you can use a profile for). Important! The width of the frame should be slightly smaller (optimally up to 2 cm) than the width of the insulation sheet. The thickness of the frames used should not exceed the thickness of the wool used.
The body-insulating sheet is placed in the space between the frame guides. With the correct width chosen, there will be no gaps left between the frame and the insulation, which is designed to ensure optimal thermal insulation performance.
At the next stage, the mineral wool is covered with another layer of vapor-permeable film, which is attached to the frame, and is also attached to the wall using dowels in some places. This provides wind and moisture protection when walls are insulated with mineral wool.

Interior work or façade insulation

If facades are insulated, then it is necessary to install a ventilated facade. To do this, the profile or other skins are attached to additional profiles so that the ventilation gap is at least 5-6 cm.

Also, for external insulation, you will need new slopes, platbands, etc. This is due to the inevitable increase in wall thickness when insulating the facade with mineral wool.

Inside the room, the insulation layer can be sewn up or.

Conclusion on the use of mineral wool

It follows from this that the technology of insulating a house with mineral wool with your own hands will most likely not cause any particular difficulties. And the result will please you with the onset of the first cold weather; the main thing is to insulate the walls well so that there is no wind permeability.

An obligatory stage in the construction of a frame structure is the insulation of the walls. I will tell you how to insulate frame walls with mineral wool yourself. And detailed photo instructions will help even beginners in the construction business understand the essence of the process.

Why mineral wool

To insulate a frame structure, any thermal insulation material, starting from polystyrene foam and ending with all kinds of sprayed insulation like ecowool or polyurethane foam.

Environmental friendliness. This thermal insulation material does not contain harmful substances. However, keep in mind that this only applies to basalt wool from well-known manufacturers;

Fire safety. This material not only does not burn, but also resists the combustion process and does not emit harmful substances;
Durability. Mineral wool does not lose its properties over decades;
Vapor permeability. As a result, the walls can “breathe”;
Low thermal conductivity. Depending on the density, the coefficient is 0.077-0.13 W/(m °C).

Insulation thickness in middle lane Russia must be at least 200 mm. In northern regions, the insulation layer should be thicker.

As you can see, mineral wool is ideal for insulating a frame structure. The price for this material starts from 2000 per 1m3. The only thing is, don’t try to save money by purchasing insulation from little-known manufacturers.

In order not to doubt the quality of the insulation, it is advisable to purchase it in large stores where storage and transportation conditions are observed.

Thermal insulation technology

Stage 1: vapor barriers

To protect thermal insulation from moisture, secure a vapor barrier membrane with inside walls as follows:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Materials. You will need: Reinforced vapor barrier membrane; Double-sided butyl rubber duct tape.
	Tape installation: Place adhesive tape on the inside of the frame posts. It will ensure a tight fit of the membrane; Remove the protective film.
	Membrane installation: Roll out the roll and glue the membrane to the sealing tape; Additionally, attach the membrane to the frame with a stapler. Install staples in increments of about 30 cm;
	Arrangement of the joint of the canvases: Place adhesive tape at the junction of the panels; Glue the fabric with an overlap of at least 100 mm; Additionally, secure the fabric with a stapler. According to this principle, the frame is completely covered with a vapor barrier on the inside.

Stage 2: installation of mineral wool

Do-it-yourself insulation of a frame house is done as follows:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Preparing mineral wool: Measure the distance between the frame posts; Cut the mineral wool with a mounting knife or a hacksaw with fine teeth so that its width is less distance between the posts by 20 mm.
	Installation of insulation: Paste thermal insulation mats into the space between the posts. If the insulation is cut correctly, its additional fastening to the frame is not required; If necessary, insert a second layer of insulation between the studs. At the same time, make sure that the joints of the slabs of the first and second layers do not coincide.

This completes the thermal insulation of the walls.

Stage 3: installation of wind and moisture protection

To avoid the penetration of cold air and moisture into the “pie”, with outside walls, it is necessary to secure a hydro-windproof membrane. The work is carried out like this:

Illustrations	Description of actions
	Materials. You will need: Hydro-windproof membrane; Double-sided adhesive tape.
	Membrane installation. The operation is performed in the same way as installing the membrane from the inside: Apply adhesive tape to the frame posts; Glue the membrane; Secure the membrane with a stapler; Seal the joints of the fabric with sealing tape.

Stage 4: wall decoration

External wall cladding is carried out as follows:

Illustration	Description of actions
	Materials. For cladding you will need the following materials: Slats 20x30 mm; OSB (Oriented Strand Board). The thickness must be at least 12 mm; Material for covering the frame (lining, siding, etc.) To provide more effective thermal insulation, OSB boards with insulation. This three-layer material, consisting of two sheets with insulation between them.
	Installation of sheathing. Secure the slats over the membrane using self-tapping screws. Make the distance between the screws about 500 mm.
	Installation of OSB. Secure to the sheathing OSB sheets self-tapping screws with a pitch of 250 mm. When installing sheets, observe the following rules: Leave a gap of 3-5 mm between the sheets. Don't fill it with anything; Place the sheets on the frame with a bandage so that there are no cross joints. In addition, ensure that the sheets are tied at the corners; Leave a gap of 10 mm between the foundation and the sheathing.
	Installation of sheathing. To cover OSB walls with your own hands facade material, you need to secure the slats according to the scheme described above. Sheathing a frame house can be done without sheathing, by attaching the material directly to the OSB. But, in this case, it is necessary to use a waterproofing film between the slabs and the finishing material.
	Wall cladding. To complete the work, cover the walls with any façade material. The instructions for performing this operation are standard, i.e. work is carried out in the same way as during finishing ordinary walls, so we won’t consider it.

There is also an economical option for wall cladding. Its essence lies in the absence OSB boards. As a result, the facade cladding is carried out immediately after the installation of the hydro-windproof membrane and installation of the sheathing.

This technology really allows you to save money, however, the walls are less durable. Therefore, if you are not very limited in finances, it is still better to sheathe the frame with OSB.

For wall cladding, use OSB 4. Sheets of this brand are highly durable and resistant to moisture.

Now all that remains is to sheathe the walls from the inside. The work is carried out absolutely according to the same scheme as the exterior cladding:

Illustrations	Description of work
	Installation of sheathing. Slats are attached to the racks, which provide a gap between the vapor barrier and the sheathing. The lathing can be either vertical or horizontal. The position of the slats depends on the location of the finishing material.
	Wall cladding. The finishing material is attached to the sheathing - it can be plasterboard, OSB, lining or any other coating.

You can also insulate the floor and ceiling of a frame house with mineral wool. The principle is the same as when insulating walls - the slabs are laid in the space between the joists or floor beams, and covered with a vapor barrier on both sides.

Here, in fact, is all the information about how to insulate the walls of a frame house with mineral wool.

Conclusion

Now you can independently handle the thermal insulation of a frame structure with mineral wool. The only thing is to watch the additional video in this article. You can ask questions regarding technology in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

Insulation of a frame house with mineral wool is one of the most common types of insulation used in frame housing construction.

Thermal insulation in frame housing construction interior spaces carried out by laying thermal insulation in inner space frame. For different types of frame houses manufactured according to various technologies(Canadian, American German and others) are used different kinds insulation, but the main properties that this material should have can be formulated as follows:

Low thermal conductivity – the ability to retain heat. This indicator is characterized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity; the lower it is, the smaller the thickness of the insulation layer is required to create a normal temperature regime indoors.
Vapor permeability is the ability to let air through. This ability of the material allows the house structure to “breathe”, creating an optimal indoor microclimate.
Light weight. The weight of the insulation is characterized by its specific values, the smaller the weight, the less load will be placed on building construction(foundation and frame of the house).
Fire safety is an important indicator, because The lives of the people living in the house depend on it.

This indicator is characterized by the following criteria:

Flammability degree;
Attitude to exposure to open flame;
The ability to release harmful substances during combustion.

Environmental friendliness is one of important indicators in modern world.
Hygroscopicity is the ability to absorb moisture. To insulate a frame house, it is better to use materials that do not absorb moisture. If such an effect is present, then it should not affect other properties of the material used (thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, etc.).
Antisepticity - the ability not to decompose and rot, and also to resist the formation of microorganisms inside the insulation.
Strength - in the context of use for home insulation, this indicator characterizes the degree of shrinkage of the insulation during operation.
Cost - the ratio of price and quality, as well as the presence of the above listed properties, is a priority indicator when choosing a specific insulation for a frame house.

Most often, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and mineral wool are used as insulation in frame house construction.

Mineral wool, its properties and main characteristics

Mineral wool is a heat-insulating material that is made from molten glass (glass wool), molten rock ( stone wool) and blast furnace slag (slag wool).

Due to the fact that slag wool does not meet the requirements for environmental friendliness, and glass wool is difficult to carry out work using it, stone wool based on basalt is most widespread in frame housing construction.

Basalt stone wool is produced in the form of slabs, which greatly simplifies the process of laying it during insulation. frame structures. The only point that needs to be taken into account when constructing the frame is the geometric dimensions of the slabs; they must correspond to the pitch vertical racks designs. This will make the work easier and avoid waste of material.

Main characteristics of basalt-based mineral wool

For all types of insulation, there are indicators (properties) characteristic of a specific material, which were described above. For basalt slabs, these properties correspond to the following values and indicators:

In addition, mineral wool can act as sound insulation, which is typical for all types of this insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of using mineral wool

Any building material has its pros and cons, which determine the scope of its use and service life. Mineral wool is no exception in this regard; it also has its own advantages and disadvantages, which can be formulated as follows.

Advantages

Low thermal conductivity;
It is not a flammable material;
High strength and ability to maintain its geometric dimensions;
Low moisture absorption ability;
High level of sound insulation;
Resistance to deformation under the influence of external temperature;
Resistance to biological and chemical influences;
Easy to do installation work;
Relatively low cost.

Flaws

When performing work without protective equipment, damage to the respiratory organs, eyes and skin of the specialist working with this material is possible;
The service life is somewhat shorter than that of analogues (foam, polyurethane foam).

Technology for performing installation work using mineral wool

Mineral wool is used for insulation various elements frame house designs, the insulation of which has some features of the technology for performing the work.

But first of all, you need to prepare the surfaces of structures for laying insulation; for this you need:

Treat the frame with fire-fighting compounds and antiseptic solutions.
Clean the surface where the insulation will be laid from dirt, construction waste and other foreign objects.
Remove significant irregularities on frame elements that are not technologically important, but may interfere with the installation of thermal insulation.

Insulation of the floor of a frame house

Floor insulation is carried out on a “rough” flooring or on a slab, depending on the type of frame house. The logs on which the “clean floor” will be laid in the future must be laid in increments corresponding to the geometric dimensions of the mineral wool used. The floor insulation scheme in a frame house is as follows:

“subfloor” and joists – waterproofing – insulation – vapor barrier – counter-batten along the surface of the joists – “finished floor”.

Insulating the walls of a frame house

In a frame house, external and internal walls are insulated, but the scheme for their insulation is somewhat different.

The insulation scheme for external walls is as follows:

interior finishing – vapor barrier – insulation – windproof membrane – external finishing.

When insulating interior walls, vapor barrier and windproof membrane are excluded from the scheme.

Insulation of interfloor ceilings

When insulating interfloor ceilings The scheme used for floor insulation is used, but it excludes the installation of waterproofing and vapor barriers, and there is no counter-batten to secure the vapor barrier layer.

Roof insulation

The roof is one of the main surfaces through which significant amount heat losses in the house, regardless of what material it is made of and what technology is used.

When building frame houses, roof insulation is given special meaning. The insulation scheme looks like this:

interior decoration of the attic space - vapor barrier - insulation - waterproofing - counter-lattice - sheathing - roofing material.

Safety precautions when working with mineral wool

When working with mineral wool, certain safety measures must be observed in order to prevent injuries to personnel working with this material.

To create safe conditions labor required:

Use personal protective equipment - respirators, gloves, safety glasses, overalls.
Meals and accommodation cannot be arranged drinking water close to the place where mineral wool is stored, as well as to the area where work is carried out using it.
After completion of the work, it is necessary to clean the room where the work was carried out. Remove any remaining mineral wool waste.

Mineral wool is the most common and accessible view insulation, which is widely used in frame house construction, both in the factory method of producing frame houses and in individual, independent version construction.