Knots rope diagrams. How to tie a sea knot

The history of knots goes back dozens of centuries. Even the first people knew how to use them for their needs.

There is an opinion that people began to use knots before they learned how to make fire.

The ancestors of the strongest and most ingenious types of fasteners are sailors. With the advent sailing ships, more than six thousand years ago, the need for reliable fastening of masts, yards, sails, the creation of thousands of meters of rigging gear and systems contributed to the emergence of maritime knots. The speed of the ship’s movement, the safety of the sailors, and often the very life of the ship and its crew depended on their quality and correct execution.

Node classification

Currently, more than 500 descriptions of various types of sea knots have been collected. But, with the gradual displacement of the sailing fleet modern models ships, about 40 of the most well-known types of knot fasteners are used in modern maritime practice.

The nautical names of tying, the names of knots, entered our language from foreign terminologies. The British used several designations to describe the term “knot”, characterizing the purpose of a particular design:

• "knot";
• "hitch";
• "bend".

According to this terminology, nodes are classified:

• the first ones tie (intertwine) the main end with the running end, creating a thickening at the end of the rope;
• the second ones serve to fasten the rope with the running end to various subjects(masts, yards, brackets, other ropes);
• still others are designed to connect the running ends of different cables, forming one whole rope.

The free part of the rope (rope) from which the knot is knitted is called the running end. The opposite one, fixedly fixed, is considered the root part (end).

Bowline

The king, among nodes, is called. Because of its versatility, this “gazebo knot” received such a title. It is comfortable on any ropes ( different thickness, material). It never unties itself, but easily unravels if necessary. It simply knits and does not slip along the cable itself. Containing various parts of other units in its structure, it is used for:

• insurance;
• moorings;
• attachment to objects (hook, ring);
• connecting two different cables, while being considered one of the most reliable connections.

Knitting pattern:

1. A loop is made.
2. The running end is passed through it.
3. After which it starts at the main part.
4. Then it is passed back into the loop, the tip remains in the second loop.
5. Tightening is done.

Eight

Refers to classic marine fastenings. The corresponding form (8) fully lives up to its name. is the basis of many knitting methods. Used as a fastening or locking knot. Can be easily tied and untied (even when the ropes get wet).

Tying method:

1. The chassis is pulled out from above the root end, wrapping around it.
2. Through the resulting loop, the running end is passed, previously wound behind itself.
3. It tightens with force.

Noose

Used to secure and lift loads to a height.

Tying principle:

1. The load is carried by the cable undercarriage.
2. The main end is wrapped several times around the chassis.
3. For greater reliability, use a noose with a hose.

Bayonet

This is a variant of the half-bayonet, a more complex design. obtained from two nodes. Its main purpose is to use it during towing or mooring.

Knitted as follows:

1. The running end wraps around the intended object.
2. Next, it is circled around the root part (a simple half-bayonet).
3. The procedure is repeated.

This knot can be made with a hose:

It is most often used during long-term moorings of ships, being a more reliable variation of the first model.

Fisherman's bayonet

Another method of fastening is what is also called the “anchor knot.” This fastener is used when connecting a rope to an anchor, work where strong traction is used.

Straight

Serves as a way to connect the main ends of the same rope (equal diameter). This is one of oldest species tying ropes used in maritime affairs. Its main disadvantage is considered to be too strong tightening when wet, with large loads applied to the unit. It also has a tendency to slip.

Knit:

1. The main parts of the cable are connected.
2. They move in relation to each other, tightening.
3. To maintain reliability and symmetry, the ends (running ones) are brought out on the same side where the root ends are located.

Thieves

It is related to the direct node. There is a slight difference in its tying; the running parts are located diagonally, relative to the main ends.

Mother-in-law and Grandmother's Knot

Another similar fastenings are “mother-in-law” and “woman’s” knots. Due to their unreliability, they slip along the rope when tightened, and are considered a disgrace for the fleet, although they have found their successful application on the shore.

It must be remembered that these are some of the most deceptive fasteners. By tying the ends of the ropes in one of these ways, close to one of the ends of the sling, there is always a danger of the knot slipping off the rope (under load) at the most inopportune time. This happens especially often with ends of different diameters.

“Nature does not accept jokes, she is always truthful, always serious, always strict, she is always right,” wrote Goette. Only in the natural elements can a person know his essence: both weakness and strength. But we must remember that nature, like any of the elements, does not forgive mistakes. Even experienced fishermen and hunters know that difficult situation Anyone can get in. It happens that there is no time to make mistakes and correct them, and therefore every action must be thoughtful and precise. Therefore, experts carry with them everything that can be useful in an extreme situation - for example, a rescue bracelet made of paracord, knitted from a strong rope, simple rings and a carabiner. After all, even such a little thing as a correctly tied knot can become a salvation in difficult times. Let's figure out what trouble-free types of knots exist and how to knit them, we'll look at the diagrams.

We will look at knots that are suitable for various tasks: for tying ropes, tightening and non-tightening loops of rope, as well as knots for tying ropes to something. By the way, it is not at all necessary to remember the names of the knots; it is important to understand the principle of their operation and be able to tie quickly and accurately. Analyze the properties of the material from which the knot is knitted: is it a slippery rope or a rough rope?

Blind loop

A blind loop is one of the simplest ways to knit a secure loop from rope. Unlike simply throwing the rope over the support, this loop will have minimal slippage. This loop is suitable if you need to tie a rope around a support, tree, or if objects have holes or grooves.

Rope loop knitting pattern: blind loop

Straight rope knot

Another quick and classic type node. It is used when you need to tightly tie two pieces of rope together. Suitable for knitting ropes of similar cross-sectional diameter. Such a knot is not easy to break due to its structure. You just need to make sure that the rope itself is not shabby and reliable.

A straight knot made from two ends of a rope. Simple and reliable.

Surgical knot

The surgical knot is also one of the simplest and most reliable knots. The knot becomes stronger and more reliable thanks to several turns of the rope. Tying it requires short but mandatory training.

Simple surgical knot. Instead of one turn of the rope, two are used.

Loop with Tautline knot

One of the elegant, simple knots that allows you to adjust the length and volume of your loop. It is used when something needs to be suspended above the ground or raised to a height. For example, lift a backpack with provisions, protecting it from moisture and hungry, curious animals.

Tautline loop with adjustable length.

Clover Leaf Loop Knot

This type of knot is often used by tourists to secure a tent on support pegs. The unit is simple to implement, but quite functional. The cloverleaf loop knot allows you to change the loop along the body of the rope.

The clover leaf is a loop that can be moved.

Miller knot

The Miller knot is usually used when you need to tie a bag or pieces of fabric tightly and securely, but in such a way that you can quickly untie it if necessary. This type of knot is used by the military to tie together duffel bags.

Miller knot for strong tying and easy untying

Bowline knot

This is a knot with a moving loop. Such a knot can be seen quite often on the pier - it is used by sailors to moor the floating craft to the shore. It is convenient because it can be tied with one hand.

A strong knot with a bowline loop can be tied even with one hand. A clew knot will definitely come in handy if you end up on a desert island

So now you know the basic types of knots and loops. Be sure to practice tying these knots quickly and correctly in your spare time. This is one of those skills that comes in handy in difficult times. Knowing the types of knots and how to tie them is the key to salvation and survival.

Currently, fleets use about forty different nodes. To the owner pleasure boat You don't need that many nodes. The most commonly used and easiest to learn are selected here. maritime knots. From those offered, the navigator will select several and master them. He will use the knot if the tying technique is mastered to the point of automaticity, and for this he needs to train. Some concepts:

• root end- the end of the cable, fixed motionless or not used when tying a knot; opposite to the running end;
• Running end- the loose free end of the cable, which begins to move when tying a knot.

Rice. 6.11. Stevedoring knot. It is a stopper for cables. When tightening, you need to make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. If such a node tie at the end of the synthetic cable and the running end, cut off and melt, this will be a good stopper on the line, tied to a bucket or mop.

Rice. 6.12. Simple half bayonet- the simplest of non-tightening knots. A properly tied knot can withstand strong traction. He may move closer to the object, but he will never be drawn in.

Rice. 6.13. Simple bayonet: a - correctly tied; b - inverted (wrong). The main purpose is to secure the mooring ends to moorings, towing cars, etc. The British say: “Two half-bayonets saved the queen’s ship, and three half-bayonets are more than enough for the royal yacht.” Be careful to tie it correctly.

Rice. 6.14. Fishing bayonet (anchor knot). One of the most important cases of using a knot in maritime affairs is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. Recognized How the most reliable.

Rice. 6.15. Oak knot. They are used in exceptional cases when it is necessary to quickly connect two cables. A tightly tied knot is difficult to untie, especially if it gets wet. When working with a cable, it can get caught on various objects, somewhat weakening the overall strength of the gear.

Rice. 6.16. Flemish knot. Used to connect two cables, both thin and thick. The connection of two cables with this knot is considered very strong.

Rice. 6.17. Thief's knot. Differs from direct node in that the running ends extend diagonally.

Rice. 6.18. Clew knot. It is best used for attaching a cable to a finished loop or thimble. When using a synthetic rope, which is more slippery than vegetable rope, it is recommended to knit with an additional hose. It should be remembered that if the tackle is not tensioned, it may become loose and come undone.

Rice. 6.19. Self-tightening knot. A force commensurate with the strength of the cable can be applied to the root end. It works when constant force is applied to the root end. With varying force it can come undone.

Rice. 6.20. Clove hitch: a - the first method of knitting; b - the second knitting method. It got its name due to the fact that on ships they have long been attached to the shrouds - transverse sections of tar cable that serve as steps for climbing the masts. This is a very reliable tightening knot that holds flawlessly as long as traction is applied to both ends of the cable. Works great when knitting bath brooms. To tighten, when the broom dries and the binding loosens, just pull the ends.

Rice. 6.21. Oak loop. The simplest loop of all non-tightening loops. It weakens the cable, but holds well on synthetic ropes. When tightened, it doesn't come loose easily.

Rice. 6.22. Noose: a - knitting pattern; b - knitting a noose with half bayonets. Lifting heavy objects with a noose without half bayonets is considered dangerous. The knot must be checked before each lift to ensure it is tight, because once the object is lowered to the ground, the knot becomes loose and the object may slip out.

Rice. 6.23. Gazebo node. It got its name from the sea gazebo on which a person goes overboard to paint, inspect the hull, etc. Known to the Egyptians and Phoenicians 3000 BC. e. Considered the king of knots. Versatile, easy to knit, does not tighten and is easy to untie.

Rice. 6.24. Barrel knot. This knot is used when you need to lift an open vessel vertically. In everyday life you can tie glass jar and go get some milk. At the top, the cables can be tied with a straight knot.

Rice. 6.25. Scheme of fastening the mooring cable to the bollard during long-term mooring.

Rice. 6.26. Securing the mooring line to an occupied bollard or bollard. This method of securing a mooring cable makes it possible for several vessels to moor simultaneously without removing the ends of other cables from the bollard.

There is quite a variety of different nodes in the world. The best ones for all occasions are marine ones. This option is suitable for any situation. Of course, not only sailors use them. IN Everyday life Often you have to use marine methods of tying ropes. And none of them have ever failed.

There are many varieties of sea knots. Experienced people who often use them know up to 30 types of tying these knots. Each type differs in complexity or situation.

Sea knots and features of their history

They have been a major component of our lives throughout humanity. Even in modern world their development continues. Manufacturing methods are constantly changing and new varieties are being created.

Their genius lies primarily in their ease of manufacture.. It’s impossible to count how many varieties there are. And self-tightening, and locking, and knots that can be untied in a matter of moments.

The art of knitting has always been passed down from generation to generation in the past. Thanks to them the ancestors modern man gained the opportunity to create swimming vessels.

Many sailors had their own talismans. For example, sailors in Northern Europe believed in the belief of three magical knots. According to him, correct use They were on the ship to protect it from wreck. A special ritual was even developed to untie them.

At the time when navigation was at its peak, there were more than 500 varieties. Each of them has its own name, which comes from the name of the gear on the ship. Some may be named after the country of origin and invention.

Even in modern times, you can find some peoples who are uncivilized. To this day they make their tools using knitting. Fishermen and hunters use their skills everywhere and know 30 knots from a young age.

Types and their method of knitting

To knit, you need to get rope of a certain length. You may not be able to immediately remember how to knit a certain method. Remember, this requires constant training and, most importantly, practice. If you do not use them at least once a week, then over time all your knowledge about them will simply be erased as an unnecessary resource.

Each of the nodes has its own name, but there is no need to focus your attention on this too much. The main thing is to learn how to knit them correctly and use them in life situations.

The gazebo knot is the main one and necessary for any situation. Every sailor or fisherman should master it at the very beginning. It is necessary as it is the laid foundation of several nodes. This is key for it, more universal and suitable in any situation. Tying two ropes together using this method is more reliable. And thanks to it, it will be possible to tie ropes that have different diameters, and this is sometimes very necessary. He will not be able to untie himself under any circumstances, which is especially important.

In order to make such a gazebo type, you must do the following:

There will be no major difficulties when untying.

The next type of rope knots in the diagram for beginners is the figure eight. This species is most likely named for its resemblance to the number eight. It is used very often as a stopper. Its biggest advantage is the ease of setting up and returning to its previous position in any conditions.

How to do knot this type you need:

• We wrap one rope around the other and pull it over it. This creates a loop.
• We pull the same end into our loop, but before that we wrap it behind us.
• We tighten it tighter.

As you can see, it is not anything complicated.

One of the well-known types of sea knots is the straight one. This is one of the few very first ones that existed back in the days of the ancient Greeks. It serves as a mechanism for connecting two ropes. Direct is used very often, but this does not make it the most reliable. Under heavy loads, it slips along the rope or is tightened tightly, which in the process leads to an impossible untie.

It won't be difficult to do it. To do this, you just need to pull one end in one direction and the other in the other, making a loop.

The noose is also very popular. It has been used by sailors since ancient times. He was popular not only among fishermen and professional sailors, but also served in other walks of life

Using it, you can easily tighten the noose around an object and subsequently do any manipulations with it.

Simple half bayonet and its varieties

It is very widespread. It belongs to the type of non-tightening knots. The simple half-bayonet lies at the very basis of more complex varieties. To make it, we must first of all draw one end of the rope around the object we need, and wrap it around the main rope, passing it into the resulting loop. Then you need to secure it around the root end. It can withstand heavy loads.

Varieties of this type can be a simple bayonet, a simple bayonet with a hook, or a fishing bayonet. Each of them has its own knitting characteristics and history.

A simple bayonet is formed by two identical loops. It is designed to secure ships at berths. Manufacturing takes place using several half-bayonets. But if you tie a lot of loops, this will not indicate the reliability and strength of the connection. Maximum amount is three half bayonets. This is more than enough.

A simple bayonet with a hose is a slightly more complicated version of the previous one. It is more reliable in strengthening and is therefore used for mooring ships on for a long time parking, although it is not very difficult to tie.

Another variety is the fishing bayonet or its other name is anchor. It is also very old and sturdy. He participated in securing the cable to the anchor. It is also suitable for working with all cables where there is a load impact.

Knots are ways of connecting ropes, ribbons, fishing lines, various threads, etc., ways of forming loops and tying ropes to various objects. In addition, the connection of ropes itself is called a knot.
There are quite a lot of nodes. As L.N. writes Skryagin in the book “Sea Knots”, the American K. Ashley collected and described about 700 of their species. Obviously, it is simply impossible to know and be able to knit such a number of knots, and there is no need. In general, for many people, tying knots is a distant and not the most necessary area; they get along just fine without it. And they only encounter knots when tying shoes or a tie. And since there is no need for nodes, there is no need to know from different kinds.
Others, on the contrary, believe that even in everyday life the ability to tie knots is still useful and necessary, and that this skill has helped them out more than once. These people willingly take the rope in their hands, know how to handle it, freely tie knots on it, skillfully tie the rope to something, quickly tie the ropes together. And they do all this beautifully, confidently and, most importantly, reliably.
Tying knots is not difficult. It is much more difficult to learn how to tie knots correctly and quickly, using a knot that is suitable for a particular case. Some nodes tighten under load, others do not. Some knots can “crawl” - slowly unravel, while others are tightened so that they cannot be untied...
To tie knots correctly, of course, you need practice. Anyone who needs this will strengthen their skills through training. After all, not all knots are easy to tie. There are very successful knots, but difficult to remember. In general, the ability to tie knots is very individual. Some people will have to memorize a simple knot for a long time, while others will have to remember a knot with complex pattern will knit the first time.
Some people will find other ways to tie knots - and, indeed, for some knots these methods exist. This book does not provide options for tying knots. The exception is knots that can be knitted either with a loop (ring) or with the free end of the rope, which is sometimes very important when working with them.
The nodes are presented certain requirements, dictated by the practice of their use. Nodes must:
easy to start (easy to remember);
do not unravel spontaneously under load or after removing it;
do not “crawl” under variable loads;
do not tighten yourself “tightly” unless necessary;
fit its purpose.
In addition, if you have doubts about the correctness of knitting a knot, it is better to abandon it and use another knot that is well known to you.
Each rope, rope, cord, etc. have their own strength characteristics. True, when we tie a tent guy to a tree, we hardly think about the strength of the rope used for these purposes. It's a completely different matter when it comes to the rope that, say, climbers are tied with during ascents and which is used for belay. In this case, its strength characteristics have important. Therefore, it would not be out of place to say that all knots significantly weaken the strength of the rope. For example, a figure eight knot - by 25%, a bowline knot - by 30%, a weaving knot - by 35%. Other knots reduce the strength of the rope to approximately the same extent. In addition, it is important to know that a wet rope reduces its strength by 10%; the strength of ropes decreases by almost 30% at temperatures close to 30° below zero. The strength of ropes that are dirty, old, dried in the sun, or with damaged outer braiding (for nylon ropes) is reduced by half. The use of such ropes for belaying is unacceptable.
A few words about the names of the nodes given in the book. Some of them are called here differently than in the literature on maritime practice. The author left the names under which these knots are known to a large circle of people - tourists, climbers, etc. If someone thinks that other names are more successful, there is no need to relearn them. The main thing is not in the name of the node, but in its purpose.
The book will certainly be useful to those who cannot do without knots in their work or hobby. These are, of course, climbers, sailors, hunters, fishermen, rock climbers, tourists, yachtsmen, etc. But other readers will also find useful information. So, the section “Tie Knots” will help you choose suitable way tying a tie, and the “Decorative Knots” section - to beautifully decorate a gift box. And women who are interested in macrame will be able to use the information from the book in their practical exercises.
Author

Notations adopted in the book:
(+) - positive properties of the node;
(-) - negative properties node;
(!) - recommendations and scope of use.

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