Types of wood sanding machines. Choosing a grinding machine

A grinding machine (MG) is an indispensable tool when performing various types of finishing work: polishing and grinding metal, wood, concrete, stone and other surfaces. Therefore, it is not difficult to guess that the choice of a grinder is made taking into account the types of work that are supposed to be performed in each specific case. Existing types of grinding machines allow you to level out unevenness in various materials, eliminate differences in height, and perform rough and fine grinding of surfaces. They differ not only in their design, but also in their operating principle.

Angle grinder - angle grinder (Bulgarian). It is available to almost every master. Thanks to the variety of polishing, grinding and stripping attachments, existing for this tool, it can be used to produce the following types works:

• leveling differences on wooden surfaces, as well as grinding and polishing them;
• stripping paint on concrete, wood and metal surfaces;
• cleaning metal surfaces from rust;

• leveling concrete walls and floors.

For concrete floors and walls, special attachments are used - diamond cups.

This type of grinder differs from a grinder in the location of the spindle. If in an angle grinder the spindle is installed on an angular gearbox, then in a straight grinder it is installed along the axis of the tool. A straight grinder is used to carry out work in hard to reach places thanks to the long trunk with equipment.

Also often used in production straight air sander for cleaning welds and removing burrs from the edges of metal workpieces.

An end grinder can be either with collet clamp, and with a three-jaw chuck, which allows you to clamp equipment with different shank diameters.

Belt sander

This is an electric grinder, the working tool of which is sandpaper tape, glued in the form of a ring. The tape is put on a pair of rotating rollers, one of which is driving, and moves along a flat pressure table located at the bottom of the unit.

A belt sander usually has a high speed abrasive element and high power. With this unit you can:

• easily and quickly remove a layer of wood of a few millimeters;
• align the height of glued wooden blanks, for example, when making doors;
• trim the edge of a part or round the corners of a workpiece;
• remove old paint or varnish coating, both on wooden and metal surfaces;
• clean metal from rust.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that after processing wood or metal with a CMM belt, small longitudinal scratches remain on the surface. To eliminate them, you will have to use an orbital or surface grinding (vibrating) CMM.

Vibrating (flat) grinding machines

These devices occupy an intermediate place between belt and orbital CMMs in terms of the cleanliness of surface treatment. A vibration grinder has its advantages over other types of similar devices.

In addition, the surface grinder provides good processing quality surfaces, but is slightly inferior in this parameter to the orbital BL.

Eccentric (orbital) devices

An orbital sander differs from other types of grinding machines in that it works like a regular vibratory sander, only with circular movements of the sole.

Due to the rotation of the working platform, a certain layer of material is removed, and vibration grinds and cleans the surface being treated. The depth of processing is adjusted by the pressing force on the tool. The equipment is attached to the sole of the unit using Velcro.

An eccentric sander can be either electric or pneumatic. An eccentric pneumatic sander is used mainly in production and has its advantages over electric tools.

1. Since this circular CMM does not have an electric drive, its weight is significantly less.
2. Due to the light weight of the tool, it is used for leveling walls and ceilings.
3. Due to the lack of an engine, the unit has a minimum number of parts that can fail.
4. The grinder can be used in areas with a high risk of explosion, where the use of power tools is prohibited.

Eccentric sanders win first place among all units designed for grinding materials, thanks to the highest quality of surface treatment. Therefore, “orbitals” are mainly used for fine grinding and polishing. They are used to process plastic and metal surfaces, perform grinding and polishing work on wood, and polish varnished surfaces. They are also often used in car repair shops to prepare car bodies for painting and to polish the car after painting.

For standard polishing and grinding, “orbitals” with an eccentric stroke amplitude of 5 mm are used. For cars that require high quality polishing, it is better to choose a device with an amplitude of 3 mm.

Planetary grinders

This type of grinder is used for polishing and grinding stone surfaces, for example, in the manufacture of fireplaces, window sills, countertops and other products from this material. The planetary grinding machine consists of an electric drive and a planetary type grinding base.

Grinding tools are used as equipment on this device. flexible discs with diamond coating. The unit is equipped with nozzles for supplying water cooling to the treatment area and has a connection pipe for connecting to a vacuum cleaner. The latter is connected to the CMM to remove stone dust during “dry” grinding of the material.

Brush grinders

The brush sander is professional tool. It is used for polishing, cleaning and grinding various materials. Using a special mandrel shaft, various polishing and grinding attachments can be installed on the unit.

In addition, a cylindrical nylon brush can be installed on the unit.

Brushing attachment allows you to structure wood, that is, artificially give it an aging effect, choosing softer and looser layers of wood, leaving dense ones.

Thanks to this treatment, the surface of the wood becomes embossed and changes color.

Mosaic sanders

The mosaic grinding machine is used for processing mosaic and concrete monolithic floors, as well as stone coverings. Using this technique you can:

• level out various sagging and eliminate floor defects;
• level floors;
• impart a certain degree of roughness to the surface before covering it with various decorative and protective compounds;
• polish large areas of concrete surfaces.

As equipment for concrete, mosaic grinding machines use special cutters - Frankfurt cutters. Floor mosaics are also polished with these cutters.

Deltoid sanders

This is a separate class of vibrating CMMs, since their main difference is the deltoid sole. Among the people, the delta-shaped grinder received the name is “iron”.

Some hand grinders of this type have rotating work platform. In such units, the worn sandpaper angle can be changed by simply turning the sole of the unit.

Due to its miniature size, the “iron” has good maneuverability and is used for processing complex surfaces, for example, for body repairs.

Drum instruments

For floor scraping A drum sander is best. It is a professional and versatile tool. Typically, drum grinding is used for parquet (grinding and polishing before application varnish coating) and for wooden floors (removing old paint, leveling board height differences).

Car drum type Works with any type of sandpaper. An emery strip 20 cm wide and 70 cm long is installed on the drum, which is fixed with special clamps.

Polishing machines

Polishing machines are mainly used for grinding (polishing) car bodies. In appearance, the grinding polishing machine is very similar to an ordinary grinder, but differs from an angle grinder in the following ways.

Polishing balls can also be battery type.

You should know that a cordless grinder can only work effectively for 20-30 minutes, after which it needs to be recharged.

Multifunctional sanders

This type of unit is a combined one, since it can replace several tools: a polishing, vibrating, delta-shaped grinder and cutter.

The multifunctional grinder easily turns into a cutter for metal, wood and ceramics if you replace the platform for grinding attachments with special knives.

Sander for walls and ceilings

The single-disc grinder has a comfortable long handle that allows you to use the unit for walls and ceilings.

This sander is used for putty (leveling it), for sanding drywall, as well as for removing old paint or whitewash. The working tool can develop from 600 to 1500 rpm, and the unit itself has a power of 600 W. Also, this disc sander has a pipe with a diameter of 36 mm, allowing connect the vacuum cleaner hose to it. Thanks to this, all work on leveling walls and ceilings takes place practically without the formation of dust.

Ultrasonic grinders

The ultrasonic sander is the smallest and quietest unit, allowing you to delicately remove material from the surface of the workpiece, layer by layer. The unit consists of an ultrasound source and an emitter with a ceramic needle file.

An ultrasonic micro-grinding machine allows you to remove a layer of material a few hundredths of a millimeter thick. Also, due to the fact that polishing occurs without reciprocating movements, the likelihood of removing excess is minimized.

Mini sanders

This type includes miniature drills, which are also called engravers.

Thanks to the variety of attachments, the mini-grinder can be used for grinding, carving, polishing, engraving and drilling both wooden and metal products. This unit also has the ability flexible shaft connection, which allows processing parts of complex configurations.

Stationary units

Stationary units include belt-plate grinding machines.

Stationary CMM is mainly used in small carpentry workshops or in small-scale production conditions. The unit consists of a belt sander and grinding wheel. Thanks to the installed table on the machine, you can round the corners of workpieces, grind the edges of parts, and also grind them at a certain angle.

Roller grinders

The roller sander is designed for structuring, sanding wooden parts, as well as matting and sanding metal surfaces.

The versatility of the tool is achieved through a wide range of accessories, which can be easily changed without the use of additional tools.

Thanks to the special design of the “trunk”, this tool can process parts in hard-to-reach places.

Pipe grinders

The review is completed by a pipe grinder, which has original design, consisting of several rollers with sanding tape stretched over them.

Thanks to this design, it is possible to grind pipes in a range of 360° in 2 stages. The unit is used for grinding down welds, removing old paint, stripping pipes of rust and polishing them to a mirror shine.

Pipe grinders are battery-powered, which allows you to use them away from the mains.

But, as mentioned above, cordless tool does not differ in long-term work. Therefore, you should prepare (charge) spare batteries in advance.

Sanding uneven surfaces is not an easy task. Previously, sandpaper was widely used as a grinding tool, but in our age high technology The sanding method has become obsolete due to its low efficiency and labor intensity. Today, grinding machines, both belt and vibrating, come to the rescue in the difficult task of grinding. The variety of grinding machines is huge, so it makes sense to consider each type separately, and in this article we will talk about tape machines. We've found the most popular belt sanders and will help our readers figure out which belt sander is best for you.

Price - 14,999 rubles

Our rating opens with a compact grinder from famous manufacturer Makita household appliances, it can be used both for industrial purposes and when processing simple surfaces in domestic conditions. Due to its small size, the machine can be used on hard-to-reach surface edges, such as wall corners or vertical elements of wooden furniture. High quality workmanship does not limit the range of working surfaces only to wood - even stone, metal or plastic can be processed using the machine.

The price tag, however, leaves much to be desired - for that kind of money you can buy three grinding machines of a smaller class, but for a professional this tool will be indispensable.

No. 9 - Hammer LSM 810

Price - 4,999 rubles

An excellent sander with a dust collector and adjustable shaft speed. The machine's trigger mechanism is protected from accidental starting, and the electrical wiring is double insulated, which minimizes the risks of operation. The device is powered from a 220V network and is well suited for use in household and industrial purposes. The belt stroke is manually adjusted by a special mechanism, which is why the unit costs less than models of a similar category. You can center the tape using a special pin, which is located on the front of the tool. The wide 75 mm belt combined with a powerful 810 W motor allows you to sand even difficult surfaces with high efficiency.

No. 8 - Hammer LSM 800B

Price - 4,500 rubles

A massive unit, functionally reminiscent scraping machine. Used for processing wood, chipboard panels and plywood. The 800V machine is not difficult to operate, unlike similar machines with an engine more power. There is a start button lock, so you won't damage the untreated surface by accidentally starting the device. The unit is characterized by increased ease of use - with rubber pads and an additional handle, the machine is comfortable to hold despite its solid power. The belt speed is adjustable from 120 to 290 meters per minute, which increases the versatility of the machine and allows you to process various wooden surfaces. Quite an acceptable option for your money.

No. 7 - BORT BBS-801N

Price - 3,500 rubles

Reliable and inexpensive grinding machine from a Chinese brand. The manufacturer gives a five-year warranty for this device; the box includes a dust collector and three types of sanding belt (P60, P80, P100) along with the machine itself. The position of the sanding belt is adjusted by a centering screw, which can take one of 3 positions for different types of work. Next to the switch there is a belt rotation speed switch; the owner can set one of six speed modes, while the device must be turned on. The body of the machine is made of durable impact-resistant plastic, the instructions are written in 4 languages, including Russian, so there should be no problems with setup and operation. The machine is well suited for both home and country use; industrial use is not recommended.

No. 6 - Bosch PBS 75A

Price - 5,999 rubles

An advanced belt sander from a world-famous brand. The tool is equipped with a vacuum adapter, a 75 mm wide sanding belt, and a 710V motor. The thoughtful layout and high quality of fitting of parts do not cause any complaints; we pay not only for the brand, but for comfort and reliability. PBS 75A weighs just over 4 kg, which is not the most best indicator, but with frequent use you can quickly get used to it. One of the disadvantages of the machine is the small size of the dust collector - not all the dust ends up in the collection container, so during operation it is important to use minimal protection. It is possible to work with the unit for a long time and with any surfaces - the low level of vibration prevents your hands from getting tired even when processing hard materials.

#5 - Black and Decker KA86

Price - 3,999 rubles

The top 5 of our rating includes one of the best budget models of grinding machines. Weighing 2.8 kg, the tool has good performance characteristics and is cheaper than competing models. The machine is equipped with a capacious dust collector, but it does not collect dust as well as we would like, so you should take care additional protection eye.

Unfortunately, the device is not suitable for working in industrial conditions, but for daily household needs it will do just fine, this is a good belt sander for wood. A 720W motor and a 75 mm wide belt are enough to process any wooden surface; the machine is also equipped with an additional belt tightening function, which is missing in many expensive models.

Black and Decker KA86

No. 4 - Caliber LShM-1000UE

Price - 3,200 rubles
A worthy option from a domestic manufacturer, an affordable and convenient grinding machine. This tool will serve as a good assistant for repairs; the tape is clearly fixed and does not slip during operation, although this device has a non-critical design flaw: the dust collector does not catch scraps well, so after work you will have to collect dust throughout the room. The 1 kW motor is sufficient for processing any surface; the belt speed is adjustable in the range from 120 to 360 m/m. The device comes with a handle with a lever for a comfortable grip, as well as 2 additional carbon brushes. The sander weighs 3.6 kg, the belt width is 76 mm, the machine is suitable for daily use, however, the belt gets very hot and the device requires short breaks to avoid overheating and rupture of the working part.

Caliber LShM-1000UE

No. 3 - Interskol LShM-100/1200E

Price - 6,300 rubles


The top three is closed by another domestically produced product, the Interskol belt sander. Of all the models presented in the rating, this model has the most powerful motor (1200 W), so it can scrape laminate flooring, grind stone and level metal surfaces. The Interskol belt sander is best suited for long-term use in difficult conditions - it seems that even asphalt can be sanded with it, but with its weight of 5.6 kg this will not be an easy mission. The machine comes with a dust collector, which does its main task very well, but you still can’t do it without a protective mask and gloves. The machine can be converted for sharpening garden tools, the comfortable rubberized handle prevents it from slipping out of your hands, the tape is easily and quickly replaced, but for rare household needs it is wise to look for something simpler.

Interskol LShM-100/1200E

No. 2 - Skil 1215 LA

Price - 4,300 rubles
An interesting device, made in a futuristic design, but appearance is by no means the most important of its advantages. Power 650W is enough for repair work or use for small household purposes, such a tool is not suitable for industrial processing. The machine weighs 2.9 kg, the speed does not sag, the belt is automatically centered when the device is turned on. The productivity of the tape is limited to a threshold of 300 meters/min, which is more than enough for everyday life.

The machine is easy to assemble and disassemble, which may be necessary when the chassis becomes clogged with dust. With this machine, dust can be the only problem, since the size of the dust collector is not very impressive, and there is no way to control its filling. The machine's engine does not overheat even during long periods of operation, but it is recommended to pause occasionally to allow the abrasive belt to cool.

№1 - Black Decker KA 88

Price - 4,299 rubles

The leader of our rating was a grinding machine from the previously mentioned company, which outperformed other models in terms of price and quality and has impressive functionality. Externally, the unit resembles a vacuum cleaner without a hose, equipped with a comfortable rubberized semicircle handle with a comfortable grip. By the way, this machine not only resembles a vacuum cleaner in appearance, but also catches flying dust just as well, thanks to which the surface being treated remains clean. The device weighs a little more than 3.5 kg, which is acceptable for its size. Abrasive tape can be easily replaced with just one movement of a special handle, and the 720 W motor is enough to process medium-hard surfaces. Thanks to the reduced front roller, the machine can produce high-quality processing of both wide and narrow areas in hard-to-reach places, which is achieved using a 75 mm wide belt with a maximum travel speed of 250 m/minute.

We devoted previous articles to screwdrivers, grinders, chain saws, jigsaws, mixers, spray guns, crosscut saws, jackhammers, hammer drills. Today, all our attention will be focused on the tool that uses sandpaper.

Sand or distress wooden part, take off paintwork, remove rust, grind off burrs, rub putty, process plastic, polish stone - all this and much more can be done by modern grinding machines. So, we offer the slogan: “Choose a grinder with us, choose like us, choose better than us!”

Sanding: This process causes discomfort for many, even at the mere mention of it. What can I say, grinding is a monotonous, labor-intensive, painstaking, dusty, sometimes noisy, slightly harmful operation, but, unfortunately, inevitable. Modern requirements To finishing works have reached unprecedented heights, no one questions the fact that the planes must be perfectly even and smooth. Finishing high-tech coatings are increasingly striving for thin layers and only highlight the shortcomings of the base. Even enlarged, with ready-made decorative coating sheet building materials have to be joined, followed by caulking/puttying or sealing the seam followed by sanding. Domestic builders, finishers and shop workers (manufacturers of furniture, carpentry, stone products, bulk polymers, metal) are slowly but surely getting used to new standards, previously unknown.

Fortunately, the materiel did not lag behind for long: the working people are helped to cope with the task by a highly specialized, relatively inexpensive tool - grinding machines, which we can no longer do without. Gone is the painfully familiar sandpaper, attached to a wooden block, or held in one’s hands. The leaders of capitalist production have produced many, many wonderful professional grinding devices designed for any occasion, without neglecting home craftsmen - those who like to create something with their own hands. Understand the variety of grinders and make right choice It’s actually not difficult, the main thing is to know what a particular tool is intended for, and also to clearly understand what tasks you will set for the grinder.

It is customary to distinguish three main types of grinding machines: belt, eccentric (orbital), surface grinding (vibrating). They all have their own specialization and form a unique cascade of capabilities, ranging from fast rough processing to delicate finishing grinding. Many of those who are closely associated with grinding “on duty” have in their arsenal a full set of tools of this class. Belt sanders are the heavy artillery for removing large layers from large surfaces. PShMs are oriented towards finishing. And ESMs are capable of producing even better results, bordering on polishing, but, compared to vibration machines, they have a different operating principle and a different filling.

Belt sanders

Above, we inadvertently called the belt sander heavy artillery; in fact, it would be more appropriate to say “tank”. The working element of this well-recognized tool is an abrasive belt, glued together in the form of an endless ring, which moves along two end rollers and clearly resembles the track of a tracked vehicle. Such units are relatively powerful, they have a relatively simple reliable design(angular gearbox plus V-belt drive), low center of gravity, solid speed of movement of the abrasive material. Using a belt sander, you can easily remove a layer of material of a few millimeters, make an edge or rounding on a workpiece, or remove old paintwork or rust. The following are subject to it: wood, metal, polymers, mineral building materials... Clear the paint from the floors - yes, correct the planed timber - please, level up the putty wall with defects - no problem. However, you should understand that high performance is not the best friend of quality; there will definitely be scratches and sinkholes. For finishing sanding you will need to use an orbital or surface sander.

It is no secret that the performance of an electric tool is directly proportional to the power consumption of its motor - the higher it is, the more we can squeeze out of a particular unit. In the case of LSM, the consumer has the opportunity to choose from models with a motor from 0.5 to 1.2 kW (Skil Masters 7660MA - 1200 W).

Please note that tools from Chinese brands are often declared with inflated engine power ratings, or, if there really are stated watts, they are not balanced with the rest of the characteristics of the device. Record power is boasted by those manufacturers who have nothing else to show, except perhaps the heavy weight and bulkiness of the “unique” product.

The next important characteristic for a belt sander is speed. Obviously, it also needs to be taken into account to determine the capabilities of the tool. A fast machine will do more, but it will not be possible to pin it down if its outstanding speed is not supported by additional power. This is all due to the notorious torque, which says that the more speed a tool has, the less power it has left. A responsible manufacturer carefully balances these characteristics and makes them mutually changeable, for which smart electronics are sometimes responsible. The belt speed in these grinders can be in the range of 150-550 meters per minute (Fiolent MSHL1-100 - 550 m/min).

The question may arise: why produce fast, but relatively weak blades at all? It’s just that a super-productive (fast and at the same time strong) car is more difficult to control, it is heavier, larger, and more expensive. If pressed excessively, it can easily ruin the workpiece. In turn, with maneuverable high-speed lightweights it is convenient to treat the surface in a short time, often “on the spot” large area. If you don’t yet know what kind of loads await the grinder, choose a slower model that can be pressed a little, so it will be more versatile. Even more versatile are blade grinders with the ability to preset the speed mode (Sparky MBS 976, DeWalt DW433). Among them there are options with smooth or stepped adjustments.

It's time to talk about electronic systems that help in working with belt sanders. These machines are not rich in electronic components, compared to other types of electric tools. Everything is usually limited to regulating the speed of the belt. The switch responsible for this function is made in the form of a slider or a wheel with divisions. There are models with overheating protection (Metabo BAE 75). With some stretch, this includes the function of fixing the start button in the on position.

The situation is much more interesting with mechanical “bells and whistles”. The kit may include a stand or special clamps designed for stationary fastening of the tool (very convenient for processing small parts). The grinding frame serves as a kind of limiter that helps to avoid damage to the workpiece. A rip fence or miter gauge is useful for obtaining an accurate bevel or a smooth, parallel surface. The thin front roller in some LBMs (Black&Decker KA88) has a small diameter, which allows the dead zone in the inner corners to be reduced to a minimum. Automatic centering of the belt (the cunning barrel-shaped shape of one of the rollers) does not allow the latter to treacherously slide off at the most inopportune moment. An additional handle with variable tilt or removable will significantly increase the functionality of the machine in “squeezed” places - sometimes noticeably.

Special attention should be paid to the dimensions of the working plane - the sole, respectively, the length and width of the tape. Wide soles (100 mm) are typical for powerful professional models, making them more stable and productive. The hobby class is usually limited to 75 millimeters. The long and wide sole of expensive blades has a complex design, consisting of a backing and an elastic plate, which allows for constant, uniform contact between the sandpaper and the part; such a tool “holds its plane” well. It is necessary to mention “ribbons” with narrow equipment - these are the so-called “electric files”, which are not very powerful and versatile, but specialists value them for their unprecedented compactness (for example, Makita 9032 with a tape only 9 mm wide).

All belt machines have a dust removal system, but not all of them work equally effectively. The fight against dust is carried out either using a vacuum cleaner connected through the pipe, or by collecting it in a bag with a built-in filter. Of course, a vacuum cleaner is preferable, especially when sanding mineral substrates. In ultra-cheap models, the impeller responsible for air suction does not cope with its function, the channels quickly become clogged, and a lot of harmful “flour” remains in the air.

Surface grinding (vibrating) machines

If we take into account the cleanliness of the processing of parts, then surface grinders occupy an intermediate position between belt and orbital ones. With their help, finishing grinding is carried out flat surfaces, made from a wide variety of materials - plastic, wood, stone, metal... Thanks to the relatively large working plane, the PSM is suitable for working with serious quadrature. The secret to the popularity of vibrating sanders lies in their moderate cost, the availability of equipment elements, and the absence of dead processing zones (the flat out-mounted sole easily handles corners).

The main working body of a surface grinder is a plate, which makes frequent reciprocating movements with a small amplitude. The motor in such machines is located vertically, which makes it possible, using the “eccentric-counterweight” tandem, to convert the rotational movements of the shaft into translational movements of the platform.

Most vibrating grinders traditionally boast a motor power of 150-300 W; they are quite maneuverable, moderately light and compact. This level of power plant is almost always sufficient. However, such unanimity among manufacturers would be, at least, strange - there are models with a power of up to 600 W (Makita 9046). They are, of course, heavier and larger, but can work at low speeds for a long time without overheating.

The most important indicator of the PSM is the amplitude of the sole stroke. It may vary in different models, although it is invariably a relatively small value. On average for the class, the platform moves by 1-3 mm; in more mobile models figures of 5-6 mm may appear (Festool RS 100). A larger amplitude helps to polish the surface faster, but such processing will also be rougher.

Another nuance is the frequency of the sole stroke. At high speed the machine will quickly remove a relatively thicker layer, while at lower speed it is easier to achieve a precise finish sanding. Some manufacturers make the frequency of movement of the platform variable, exceeding 20,000 strokes per minute (Bosch GSS 280 AE L-BOXX), which allows you to adapt to the processing of different types of materials and the characteristics of specific surfaces.

When choosing a vibrating sander, special attention must be paid to the platform. With its dimensions, everything is quite simple, there are two options: a kind of “standard” and “mini” models - the plate area is about 100 mm 2 (Makita BO4557, Sparky MP 250). Toddlers are good for tight, tight spaces. Obviously, the sole must be of high quality, perfectly flat, with clear geometric shapes. Budget machines are equipped with a platform made of steel or high-strength plastic, while more expensive analogues are equipped with cast platforms made of alloys containing aluminum or magnesium (Festool RS 100). A good sole is characterized by precise balancing, which is easily determined by a low degree of vibration when operating without load (idling). It is also important what the pad is made of, the most suitable option- this is a porous polymer, it “holds” the plane better than rubber.

Vibratory grinders with a delta-shaped platform are included in a separate class; they are popularly called “irons” (Hitachi SV12SH, Makita BO4565). Due to their miniature size and good cross-country ability, they are used for processing objects with small details and complex surfaces such as furniture, carpentry, staircase elements, car body. Their triangular platforms are rotary - you can continue to work unevenly “eaten” by a petal of sandpaper (Festool Deltex DX 93E) or removable (with quick installation of another type of platform - for concave/convex surfaces, for structuring, polishing, rubbing).

Emery can be attached to the site in different ways. It is more convenient when the paper is secured with Velcro, but special equipment is relatively expensive. The option with spring-loaded clamps is somewhat more complicated, but you can use inexpensive sanding paper that you cut yourself (you just need to make holes in the right places for dust removal).

The fight against fine dust, which inevitably forms when using a grinder, poses many challenges for developers. They have to work hard to protect all mechanisms. In this case, special motor sealing, protected bearings and switches, an impenetrable housing, and a channel system with forced dust extraction are used. To remove dust from working area and does not saturate the air, it is directed into a collection bag or filter; in most cases, a vacuum cleaner can be connected to the nozzle - this is the most effective method of protection.

Eccentric (orbital) sanders

This type of sander is designed for high quality processing. Delicate grinding and even polishing are their element, although the performance of such devices can be no less impressive than that of vibrating machines. They can handle any material; most often you will find ESMs among woodworkers and car painters. When working with profile, volumetric, curved objects, eccentric sanders have no equal, and they also have no problems with planes. The only place where such a machine fails is in corners and small recesses - the “plate” simply won’t reach there.

Just like surface grinding units, “orbitals” have an eccentric and a counterweight, with the help of which the round grinding plate not only moves around its axis, but also along an “orbit” with a small amplitude. Interestingly, axial movement usually occurs by inertia, and in some models it is forced (via a gear transmission - Kress 900 MPS). This complex movement of the working blade, coupled with the highest rotation speed, is what makes it possible to obtain a surface of excellent quality, without depressions, waves and scratches.

From 200 to 900 watts - this is how much the motors of modern electric motors consume. Those that are more powerful will naturally be more productive; they can easily handle a larger sole, up to 150 mm in diameter (for example, the 400-watt Bosch GEX 125-150 AVE or Interskol EShM-150/600E).

Bosch GEX 125-150 AVE

Orbital machines also have differences in the speed of translational motion. If we talk about rotation, this figure can be from 4 to 14 thousand eccentric revolutions per minute for models with adjustment (Metabo SXE 425), and about 12,000 for models without it. If we talk about the concept of “fluctuation”, then these figures will be half as much. In fact, everything is simple here: the higher the speed, the rougher the processing will be, but the faster the work can be done.

The eccentric of orbital machines may not have the same “span” - from 2 to 7 mm (Festool WTS 150/7 E-Plus). This is called the amplitude of the oscillation. The smaller it is, the less vibration the device generates, the more compact the plate moves, the smaller the area we process, but the cleaner the grinding will be. In some ESMs, the operator can set a certain amplitude, affecting the productivity and fineness of grinding.

Compared to their counterparts (LSM and PShM), “orbitals” are usually well equipped with electronics. We have already talked about setting the speed and amplitude, in addition to this, a professional instrument is equipped with an automatic frequency maintenance system (Bosch GEX 150 Turbo) so that it does not drop under load - this is constant electronics. Some models have an electrodynamic brake (AEG EX150ED K), which, after turning off the “start” button, instantly stops the work plate, preventing damage to the workpiece and reducing the possibility of injury. For powerful professional machines, a starting current limiter can be provided (Makita BO6040 ), which smoothly accelerates the tool, preventing a starting jerk and protecting the network from short-term, but significantly increased load.

Very nice options include a removable power cable, an adjustable or removable front handle, a locking start button, and functional dust removal.

Be sure to pay attention to the type of sanding pad. Firstly, if you need particularly delicate processing, do not chase a large plate; by the way, it has a larger dead zone and an amplitude of about 5-7 mm. The plate, made of metal, has stability, high strength and excellent heat dissipation. The elastic plate copes well with convex surfaces. All of them have Velcro for fixing the sandpaper and holes for dust extraction. These holes from individual manufacturers may vary in size, number and location; according to this feature, you need to select the appropriate equipment.

If financial issue is not the least important, then for a home workshop you can purchase a model from the “hobby” category. Good examples are offered by Makita, Black&Decker, Skil, Sparky, Bosch. Look towards the domestic manufacturer - Interskol and Fiolent have noticeably improved in terms of the quality and functionality of their tools.

Pay attention to the weight and dimensions of the product you are interested in, especially if a lot of work is planned “on the spot”, on weight, on outstretched arms. Give preference to a car that is not too powerful, but rather a faster one; it will be lighter, more compact and cheaper. But for regular operations on a workbench, the large weight of the device will be more of a plus than a minus.

Be sure to thoroughly “feel” the grinder and find the one that best suits your ergonomics. Decide on the type of main and additional handle; most likely you will have to choose between a “mushroom” and a “brace”. See if the switches are conveniently located and how they work, how easy it is to change the equipment, and whether the power cord is in the way.

Check the moving parts of the product for play. Look at the accuracy of the fit of the body parts. Turn on the car in a tool store, at least at idle speed, evaluate the level of noise and vibration. Ask about the cost, range and possibility of interchangeability of consumables.

Weigh all the pros and cons, take your time with the choice, then the whole repair will go smoothly.

A grinding machine can greatly make the life of a home craftsman easier. With its help, you can easily remove old paintwork, rust, wipe off a layer of putty, and so on. The grinding process itself is a rather monotonous and labor-intensive operation associated with a large amount of dust, so doing such work manually is quite problematic.

Grinding machines are not too expensive, they come in several varieties - depending on their purpose, operating technology, and so on. We decided to start our rating of the best sanding machines with the main selection criteria, which we cannot do without.

One of the most productive designs is the belt model, in which the working surface is an abrasive belt glued in the form of a ring. It is mounted on corresponding end rollers and moves at high speed. Such machines are quite powerful, have good reliability and a long service life. Using such a device, you can easily remove a layer of material several millimeters thick; it interacts well with materials of any nature.

Surface grinders are ideal for final preparation of coatings for subsequent processing. The working plane here is quite large, so such models are well suited for use over large areas, regardless of the nature of the material. One of the main advantages is good processing corners - there will be no missed sections that will have to be passed manually in the future.

Another widely used model is the orbital sander. The surface treated with such a device will be perfectly smooth, without waves, scratches or depressions. The average power of such devices ranges from 200 to 900 W. One of the most important criteria The choice of device is the area of ​​the sole and its type, which will provide fine processing.

We included all these models in the rating; the choice of devices included in the review was based on user reviews, both from home craftsmen and professional finishers. In addition, we paid attention to the price-quality ratio of the design so that it would be within the means of most of our readers. Now let's move on to the review.

The best tape models

3. Skil 1215 LA

This is one of the cheapest designs included in our review. Despite the low price, the model has decent power - 650 W, which makes it quite suitable for working with any surface. The abrasive belt is centered automatically, so it will not jump off the rollers during use. Replacement of equipment is carried out within a few seconds, for this you do not have to involve additional tools. The work is performed with a minimum amount of dust and dirt due to the presence of a collection system.

There is a system for fixing the start button, which is quite convenient for long-term use of the device. The model has a special sanding frame that will protect the surface from scratches and level it to the highest quality. If necessary, you can connect a vacuum cleaner to the device - for this purpose, the kit includes an appropriate adapter, and there is also a dust collection bag.

Advantages:

• Automatic belt alignment system that will not allow it to move;
• If necessary, can be disassembled without the use of special tools;
• The dust collector is also a dismantler;
• The machine is capable for a long time work without interruption.

Flaws:

• There is no permanent mounting system provided.

2. Makita 9910

This design is equipped with a motor with a power of 650 W, which allows it to accelerate the tape to a speed of about 270 meters per minute. The speed will drop slightly under load, but this is quite normal. The design includes a cooling system, which, with carefully selected motor parameters, allows the device to operate for a long time without interruption. During operation, it does not make too loud sounds, so it is quite acceptable to work without using ear protection.

Installation and removal of the tape is carried out thanks to a special lever, which is well recessed into the body. The working surface is centered automatically. The sole is cast, perfectly smooth, without blockages or distortions. The start button moves smoothly and locks in the on position. The length of the power cable is only 2.5 meters, which may not be sufficient. There is an adapter for connecting a vacuum cleaner, and the kit also includes a dust collection bag. The weight of the structure is only about 3 kg, the machine can be used as grinding machine, users have no complaints about the quality of the final surface.

Advantages:

• The device is housed in a housing that perfectly resists even fairly strong impacts;
• The design has double protective insulation, which almost completely eliminates electric shock;
• The belt is centered automatically.

Flaws:

• The supply wire is short;
• No speed adjustment;
• There are no rubberized elements on the handle, which is why the machine can slip in your hands.

1. Bosch PBS 75 AE

This is one of the most productive models of the best belt sanders - this can be achieved due to a fairly powerful 750 W motor. The device interacts well with various types of surfaces. A starting current limiting function is provided, thanks to which the engine starts to run smoothly, without any jerks. The belt rotates at a speed of 350 meters per minute during idling. The working surface area is 76x165 mm, thanks to this point the design can be used to process large areas, in addition, this parameter allows for more accurate surface treatment.

The design includes an electronic speed control system, which allows the machine to automatically adjust to any material. The weight of the device is not too large - 3.2 kg, it is quite comfortable to hold with two hands, the model performs well both horizontally and vertical surfaces, the tape does not become clogged with dust.

Advantages:

• Quick belt replacement system;
• Significant grindable surface;
• A dust collection bag is available.

Flaws:

• It is difficult to work in corners; you have to finish the surface manually.

The best surface grinders

3. Makita BO3700

This is one of the most compact models included in our review today. She is ideal for finishing any surfaces, works quickly with putty and wood. Users note the light weight of the device, which is only one and a half kilograms - it is convenient to hold it even with one hand, so you can reach even the most difficult to reach places. The engine power is small (only 180 W), but the frequency of reciprocating movements is significant - about 2 thousand revolutions per minute, the vibration amplitude is 2 mm. These parameters allow you to provide clean processing surface, no defects appear on it.

The design works great in the corners of the floor or walls. The light weight prevents your hands from getting tired, so you can work with this model almost all day. The kit includes a convenient support plate with reliable fastenings for sheets sanding paper. If necessary, it can be replaced with a pad with Velcro so that the sandpaper is attached directly to it; such components are inexpensive, and it is quite possible to install them yourself - all you need is a screwdriver. Very little vibration is transmitted to the hands due to the presence of a vibration damping system. A large dust bag is also included. The trigger switch is equipped with a locking function when switched on.

Advantages:

• The structure is quite simple;
• Noise is minimal;
• Able to work with any type of sandpaper;
• The engine practically does not heat up;
• Insignificant mass.

Flaws:

• The sole wears out quite quickly.

2. Interskol PShM-115/300E

Very comfortable and inexpensive model, is designed quite simply: on the electric motor shaft there is a crank and a counterweight that prevents the center of gravity of the device from overweighting during operation. The sanding pad is fixed to the body using elastic rubber struts. During operation, the platform makes circular movements, due to which the surface is cleaned. The sandpaper is secured using two clamps. The device works with materials on both paper and fabric surfaces. When working, there is no need to press hard on this tool.

Performance is moderate, for living conditions it is quite enough. Consumables are cheap, so the device is very economical. If you use it correctly, the worker will remain almost clean. The fact is that this sanding machine has an active dust suction system. There is an additional impeller on the motor shaft, which will suck air through special holes in the platform and direct it into the corresponding pipe, which is closed with a special dust bag or connected to a vacuum cleaner through an adapter. Provided electronic adjustment number of revolutions.

Advantages:

• Reasonable cost;
• High quality surface treatment;
• Reliable sole, resistant to abrasion;
• Comfortable rubberized handle that will not slip in your hands.

Flaws:

• Noisier than other models.

1. Bosch PSS 200 AC

According to user reviews, this is one of the most popular sanders. It is well suited for both grinding and sanding surfaces of any hardness. The device is equipped with a 200 W motor, thanks to which the working platform oscillates at a frequency of about two and a half thousand per minute. The platform area allows for the most intimate contact with the surface being treated. The performance is high and the handling is comfortable. The amplitude of movement is 2 mm. The clamping mechanism is represented by two levers.

Vibrations are well damped using a special system, and they dampen in the area of ​​the handle. Your hands will not get tired while using this machine. There is an adapter for a vacuum cleaner and a dust bag. The model features an ergonomic body with a rubberized handle. This machine will be very convenient to use for both right-handers and left-handers. Electronic adjustment of the number of oscillations is provided; the kit also comes with a convenient plastic case for storing and transporting the product.

Advantages:

• Very comfortable to hold in your hand;
• Reasonable cost;
• The set includes a plastic case;
• High build quality - no backlash or squeaks;
• The vibration practically does not reach the hands.

Flaws:

• Weakly draws dust into the bag.

The best orbital sanders

3. Makita BO 6040

This model is suitable for both professional repairmen and home craftsmen. The design is highly productive and can work with any materials: it can be used to remove excess layers or perform the finest grinding. This grinder has two operating modes - rotation with or without oscillation. They are switched using a special convenient lever. In addition, there is a five-stage speed control: greatest number RPM is 5800 per minute at idle.

The model has a system that is responsible not only for the quality of surface treatment, but also prevents premature wear of the engine and other working elements. There is a smooth start, without jerking, which significantly reduces the load on the gears. The device is capable of working with sanding pads of absolutely any hardness. The components are changed using a special hex key that comes with the machine. Sanding sheets can be changed very quickly, since the working surface is Velcro. The handle is highly ergonomic, has a rubberized insert; if necessary, it can be installed on both the right and left sides of the body.

Advantages:

• High power;
• Universal device;
• Excellent build quality;
• Good reliability.

Flaws:

• There is only one handle, and it can be difficult to hold the machine, especially if it is working at full load.

2. Bosch PEX 300AE

This grinding machine has several control levers, all of which are located on the handle of the device, so it is very convenient to use. In particular, there is a lever for changing the operating speed, which is very useful when working with various materials. The handle has several rubberized pads that prevent the tool from slipping. The device has a microfiltration system, which ensures a clean workplace. The engine does not overheat due to the built-in ventilation - you can work with the machine for a long time without interruption or fear that the engine will fail. Changing sandpaper is easy due to the presence of a special micro-Velcro on the platform.

The weight of the structure is only one and a half kilograms, which is quite small for a vibration machine of this type. Maximum amount The idle speed is 12 thousand. The motor power is 270 W, which allows for high quality surface treatment and quick completion of all work. The vibration amplitude of the platform is 4 mm.

Advantages:

• Copes perfectly with large areas of the treated surface;
• Almost no dust;
• Equipped with a vibration damping system.

Flaws:

• It makes a lot of noise during operation, so you will have to wear headphones.

1. Ryobi ROS300A

This model is rightfully considered one of the best orbital or eccentric sanders. It is durable thanks to the built-in ventilation system. The pipe designed for dust removal can be connected either to the hose of the vacuum cleaner or to a special bag that comes with the device. The body is made of impact-resistant plastic, which is rubberized, thanks to which the grinder is reliably protected from mechanical influences and has good resistance to low and high temperatures.

The overall dimensions and weight are small, making the design ideal for use in hard-to-reach places. There is a lever for adjusting the number of revolutions, the power cord is quite long - about 3 meters. It controls smoothly, without jerking. The set includes 20 sanding sheets. The sole moves over the treated surface evenly and softly, without skipping areas. The equipment is attached with Velcro, so abrasive materials must be taken on a fabric basis.

Advantages:

• Small sizes;
• Almost no dust;
• There is a light indication of connection to the network.

Flaws:

• The dust collection bag is not very convenient - it can get in the way a little.

In conclusion, an interesting video

As you can see, the range of grinding machines on the market today is quite wide, so choosing the most suitable model is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. We hope that our review will greatly facilitate this task for you. If you have any questions regarding the content of the review or about this or that model, then the comments to our article are at your complete disposal.

This article is intended for anyone who works with wood and wants to make sanding easier. A wood sander is great for this; which model should you choose?

There are several types of tools on the market for finishing wood: belt sanders, eccentric sanders, orbital sanders. So, which grinding machine to choose, what type of device is best suited for specific purposes?

Before finding the answer to this question, you should understand how they differ different models and match their functions to our needs.

How to choose a wood sander - tips

Sanding wood is labor-intensive process, which can be made much easier using the right tools. Belt, oscillating or eccentric, as well as deltoid sanders are best suited for wood processing.

The correct choice of device depends on the type of work being performed and the characteristics of the workpiece: shape, size, grinding of corners and hard-to-reach areas, type of coating, etc.

Different tools are better suited for certain jobs, namely:

• It is better to choose a belt sander for sanding large and flat surfaces;
• An eccentric sander allows you to conveniently process convex and concave small wooden surfaces;
• the oscillating model has a similar application, with the ability to handle corners thanks to the rectangular sole;
• The delta sander is ideal for processing surfaces with complex shapes, inaccessible to most grinding machines, while small area its soles are usually recommended for small wooden surfaces.

Belt sander for wood – how to choose?

Description and purpose of the model

If the surface we are dealing with is large and relatively flat, then it is better to choose a belt sander. It is designed for processing solid wood, varnished boards and veneer panels.

Belt sanders are characterized by the highest efficiency; they are most often used in workshops and rarely for home work.

Thanks to their high productivity, belt sanders can cover large areas in a short period of time with excellent results. The treated surface is smooth and uniform. Additionally, since belt sanders are primarily used for linear motion, they are ideal for sanding along wood grains.

The disadvantage of belt sanders is the design of the base, which does not allow access to hard-to-reach corners. The edge of the tape is not also the edge of the sole, so surfaces, for example near a wall, are inaccessible to this device. In this case, you will need a deltoid model.

Which belt sander should you choose?

To choose the right belt sander, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• Speed ​​of movement of the working part - the higher the speed, the faster and more accurately the surface is polished. Depending on the model, the speed can vary from 200 to 420 rpm.
• Belt size - this parameter affects the speed and accuracy of grinding. But be careful! The larger the size, the faster the grinding occurs, but at the same time its accuracy decreases.
• Power – the higher the power, the better the tool can process harder and more complex surfaces, such as hardwood (oak). Thanks to high power The tool can work longer without overheating.

If we need a belt sander for wood, how to choose the right power? Belt sanders with a motor power of up to 1000 W are mainly intended for light work, while those with a motor power of more than 1400 W will work well under short-term but heavy workloads.

Model overview

Below are models of grinding machines recommended by experts. For each model, distinctive characteristics are highlighted.

1. Grinder Graphite 59G394. The small diameter of the front roller (16 mm) and the additional handle with an adjustable angle make it easy to sand in hard-to-reach places.

2.Makita 9920 is a powerful and professional belt sander with electronic speed control for optimal performance. Thanks to the automatic lateral adjustment of the belt, you can sand the surface right up to the edge.

Purpose of the tool

An eccentric sander is the most universal tool, designed for sanding convex and concave small wooden surfaces and many other materials.

This model is used in the following cases:

Ideal for sanding wood;

Suitable for grinding metal surfaces;

Also useful for polishing, thanks to the possibility of installing a polishing disc;

Can be used to clean old paintwork.

An eccentric or orbital sander for wood is especially recommended for processing and updating furniture: chests of drawers, tables. Orbital sanders have a plate that rotates and also vibrates. Thanks to this, such devices work faster than oscillating sanders. However, this tool also has disadvantages; eccentric grinders are characterized by round shape soles that do not allow corner processing.

The diameter of the working part is usually 125 or 150 mm. Of course, the larger the working surface, the higher the productivity. However, the working surface of eccentric sanders is smaller than that of oscillating sanders. This has its pros and cons: the advantage of a smaller sole is that it is easier to work with in hard-to-reach areas, the disadvantage is less performance on larger surfaces.

How to choose an eccentric sander for wood?

To figure out which orbital sander to choose, you need to analyze the following parameters:

• Eccentricity is a parameter that has a significant impact on the performance of the tool and means the deviation of the movement of the sole from the turning point. The higher the value, the more precisely a tool works.
• Disc diameter – large diameters allow you to quickly process large surfaces. Small diameters, in turn, are better suited for working in hard-to-reach places.
• The number of revolutions per unit of time - the higher the number of revolutions, the more accurately the tool works (as in the case of an oscillating machine).

Model overview

1. Eccentric sander Bosch machine PEX 400AE provides high quality grinding, high efficiency and optimal polishing performance. The Paper Assistant function makes it easy to stretch the sandpaper. Supplied in a suitcase with a set of sandpaper. The built-in suction module transports the crushed dust directly into the container, which is easy to empty.
   
2. The Bosch 400W GEX 125-150 AVE eccentric sander is designed for professional use. Extremely versatile thanks to the choice of a 150 or 125 mm grinding disc. Supplied in a case with a set of sanding pads
   

   Oscillating grinder - advantages and disadvantages

   Main characteristics

   An oscillating sander is used for sanding flat and even surfaces. It is ideal for processing wooden objects such as furniture, tabletops and doors.

   Unlike the eccentric model, oscillating sanders are equipped with a rectangular sole, thanks to which you can sand corners. Larger models with a rectangular or square sole are more powerful.
   

   How to choose an oscillating sander?

   Before purchasing you need to pay attention to:

   Number of oscillations - the higher this value, the better the tool performs. Usually expressed as the number of vibrations per minute.

   The size of the sole - the larger it is, the faster the surface will be processed. However, when working with small surfaces, it is better to choose an oscillating sander with a smaller pad, as this will allow you to more accurately sand hard-to-reach areas.

   
   

   How to choose delta sanders?

   Model description

   The main difference between delta-shaped sanders and oscillating sanders is the sole. It is shaped like the letter delta (hence the name of this type of instrument). This model is ideal for sanding in corners and other areas that are difficult to reach with oscillating, random orbital and especially belt sanders.
   

   Due to the small size of the pad, they are designed for sanding small surfaces. In addition, for the deltoid model, you can purchase a spatula-shaped sole. This makes delta sanders useful for removing old paints and varnishes, especially from chairs.

   What to look for when choosing a delta sander?

   When choosing a deltoid model, you should analyze a parameter such as the amplitude of oscillations (oscillation) - usually indicated in millimeters and ranges from 1 to 2 mm. The higher the value, the more the sole deflects, and the tool works more efficiently.

   Model overview

   1.The DeWalt D26430 model is designed for professionals. It guarantees high efficiency when sanding and polishing corners and edges, hard-to-reach areas and small surfaces. Design allows for smooth maneuvering and precise grinding for more precise work. The dust collection system ensures convenient operation.
   

   2.The Bosch PSM 18 Li model is mainly intended for home use. It has a split sanding pad and a Delta swivel tip that allows for optimal use of sandpaper. The built-in suction unit transports dust directly into the microfilter container, ensuring dust-free operation. The cordless sander offers virtually unlimited work – without the inconvenience of cables that are too short.
   

   How to choose a grinding machine for your home - summing it up

   1. Belt sander extremely effective and treats large surfaces very quickly. For example, this device can quickly remove very thick layers of paint from wooden surfaces. The design is characterized by a very high power rating. The machine is extremely easy to use and safe.
   2. Random orbital sander is a good quality device used for sanding flat and rounded surfaces. Such models have the highest accuracy. However, the outsole does not reach hard to reach areas such as corners. The machine has a round disk that works in an oscillatory and rotating motion at the same time, depending on the pressure. It is also easy to use, but requires a little more attention than oscillating. This instrument is held with both hands. Thanks to the combination of two plate movements, the model is very efficient, fast, productive and, if used skillfully, leaves no visible sanding marks.
   3. Oscillating sander used for large flat surfaces. If we've never sanded before, it's best to start with this device. It perfectly smoothes the surface, and its work depends on the thickness of the sandpaper. The machine is very easy to use and safe. She doesn't require special attention.
   4. Deltoid machine– small triangular sole makes it easier to work on surfaces that are inaccessible to large grinding machines. However, the small sole area also makes the model ineffective for processing large surfaces.

Return