In order to protect from rain, houses made of wood or adobe (clay with chopped straw) are often sheathed with boards that rot rapidly. And plastering a wall containing organic matter is not only useless, but also harmful. The coating cracks, the wall stops “breathing” and fungus appears.
A more reliable solution is to use modern plastic lining(PV), plus proper ventilation walls. You can even lay insulation.
Here is a diagram of such a design (Fig. 1). Air penetrates through the ventilation hatch into the space between the sheathing and the wall (or insulation), rises up and exits near the roof. It is important that the ventilation gap is at least 1-2 cm.
We cover it on top with fiberglass facade plaster mesh and nail it with nails and plastic washers (cut from 4x4 cm sticks). We put it under the washers copper wire tying the fabric.
We nail plaster shingles in the center. Caring for the wall is very simple: in the spring we open the hatches so that it dries out properly, and close it in the winter.
Attention!
You cannot use polystyrene foam, pressed glass wool slabs and mineral wool on aluminum foil for insulation - these are airtight coatings.
Decorating the walls of an adobe house and ventilation device: drawings
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What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside? This question worries all owners. The cool temperature in the living room during the cold season creates discomfort, in addition, money is wasted on additional heating, but this is inappropriate.
Ruler modern insulation materials great. To choose proper thermal insulation, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of each.
External insulation: choice of material
Market of modern thermal insulation materials great These are both synthetic and natural insulation materials. All of them differ from each other in technical characteristics - thermal conductivity, water absorption, specific gravity, installation methods, strength and others.
Among the natural materials for insulating a house outside are the following:
- adobe (clay + straw + additives);
- expanded clay (relevant if the owner decides to build an additional outer wall half a brick);
- warm plaster.
Range synthetic insulation, which can be used to cover the walls of a house from the outside, wider:
- expanded polystyrene (regular and extruded);
- polyurethane foam;
- penoizol;
- mineral wool (basalt is preferable).
All insulation materials can be divided into two groups:
- for self-installation;
- for professional installation.
The first include any types of plasters (adobe and warm), expanded polystyrene (foam plastic and penoplex), mineral wool, expanded clay.
Polyurethane foam can be considered an ideal thermal insulation for the outside of a house, but only specialists can sheathe (insulate) it with it, since the material is sprayed.
The situation is similar with penoizol (urea foam). This liquid thermal insulation, the installation of which requires special installation and high-quality protection of the insulation from moisture.
In order to choose the right material, you need to decide on some conditions:
- financial component;
- quality of insulation;
- complexity/ease of installation.
The most expensive insulation can be called thermal insulation of the house from the outside with polyurethane foam. Most cheap option- Styrofoam. In addition, it is lightweight, so it is accessible self-installation(you can sheathe the outside of a house in a day). This insulation does not require sheathing; it is glued directly to the wall with special glue.
Advice. Expanded polystyrene (foam plastic/penoplex) is demanding on the quality of walls. Therefore, before insulation, they need to be put in order - cleaned of the flaking old coating, checked with a level for deviation from the horizontal and leveled, if necessary.
The next most expensive option is mineral wool. It is not demanding on the evenness of the walls, but it requires double-sided waterproofing and installation of a ventilated facade, which entails additional labor costs.
Which insulation do you prefer? To answer this question we need to consider some specifications each of them, and also decide how difficult it is to cover the outside walls of the house with one material or another.
Expanded polystyrene
Polystyrene foam and penoplex are representatives of expanded polystyrene. The differences in price between these insulation materials are significant. The same can be said about their technical characteristics:
- Thermal conductivity. For polystyrene foam and penoplex it is approximately the same, but the water absorption of the first is 4 times higher (4% per day) than that of the second. Penoplex almost does not absorb moisture, so it is recommended for insulating walls outside.
- Strength/fragility. Polystyrene foam is difficult to work with because it is fragile and crumbles when cut. Penoplex has a fine-cell structure, and all the cells are very firmly connected to each other, so the material is much stronger than polystyrene foam in bending and compression. It can be cut using regular or stationery knife, the cut will not crumble.
- Flammability. Expanded polystyrene is a combustible insulation material. However, their modern versions are produced using fire retardants, which significantly reduces the risk of accidental fire. When choosing a material, pay attention to the “G” marking. G1 is a highly flammable, self-extinguishing insulation material. There is also foam plastic specifically for insulating facades - PSB-S-25F. The proportion of fire retardants in this composition is significant, so it is prohibited to use it for insulation inside residential premises.
- Sensitivity to solvents. Foam plastic and penoplex are sensitive to organic solvents, therefore, to sheathe a house with them, use polyurethane foam glue or dry compounds, which are sealed with water according to the instructions immediately before use.
- Need for finishing. Both types of polyurethane foams must be protected from weather conditions. For these purposes, plastering on a fiberglass mesh and further painting or application of bark beetle plaster are used. Acceptable use warm plaster as additional insulation outside.
Important
. Polystyrene foam and penoplex are quite fragile insulation materials. Therefore layer plaster mortar should be small.
The disadvantage of such thermal insulation of walls is that rodents love to make nests in polystyrene foam. To prevent them from reaching the insulation, it is necessary to install zero level from metal profile. There is no other way to protect against mice getting into the insulation.
Mineral wool
Many people choose this insulation and this is quite reasonable. Its technical characteristics are more than attractive:
- The material is produced various densities, which allows you to sheathe it not only for the walls of the house outside and inside, but also to use it for thermal insulation of the floor or roof.
- The form of mineral wool is mats, rolls, slabs, as well as foil insulation.
- Basalt thermal insulation does not burn and can withstand heating up to 1000°C. This allows it to be used not only for insulating walls, but also for chimneys.
- The thermal conductivity of mineral wool is low.
- Water absorption is artificially reduced due to impregnation with water repellents, but during installation it is still necessary to lay waterproofing on both sides of the insulation.
- Rodents are indifferent to cotton wool.
- The material is inert to most chemical and organic solvents.
- Cotton wool is easy to work with, so do-it-yourself installation is possible.
Technology for installing mineral wool on walls outside and inside - using glue and frame. In the first case, finishing is done with plaster (system wet facade), in the second - siding, block house, porcelain tiles (hinged and ventilated facade systems).
Frame technology for installing mineral wool includes the following steps:
- The wall of the house is treated with an antiseptic and dried.
- Then the waterproofing is installed and the vertical sheathing bars are filled.
- The insulation is cut to size and installed in the niches of the sheathing by surprise (either “dangling” or “bulging” is unacceptable).
- After this, the mineral wool is covered with a vapor barrier membrane.
- You can additionally install horizontal guides that will fix the wool in the niches.
No additional steps are required to properly sheathe the outside of a house with mineral wool. Finishing such insulation - siding, block house, porcelain stoneware - any options installed on a frame or sheathing.
Expanded clay and adobe
Natural insulation materials are cheap and purchasing them is not a problem. Therefore, quite often owners of private houses choose them. In addition, they are environmentally friendly and breathable, which is attractive for many.
The walls of the house are insulated with expanded clay at the construction stage. You can do this after it is finished, but for such insulation you need to lay out additional walls at a distance of about 20 cm from the main ones. The result will be well masonry. The space between the walls must be insulated from moisture and covered with expanded clay (mix insulation of different fractions), then poured with cement laitance to reduce its subsidence and increase strength.
Important . As additional thermal insulation, walls already insulated with expanded clay can be finished on the outside with warm plaster.
Adobe has been used to insulate the walls of houses for a long time. But the technology for compiling it is complex. No one knows the exact recipe for the plaster composition, since much depends on the quality of the clay. Therefore, this method of insulating walls from the outside is considered complex and time-consuming (every time the master experiments). Insulated walls must be protected from moisture, so they are whitewashed with lime. The result of such thermal insulation is environmentally clean house, which is a pleasure to be in at any time of the year.
What material to choose?
After analyzing the installation technology and some of the qualities of insulation, it is easy to decide which one to choose. The simplest and cheap way– cover the outside of the house with polystyrene foam. More expensive and better quality - penoplex. Mineral wool refers to breathable materials, but it requires a ventilated façade. Polyurethane foam is not demanding on the quality of walls, it adheres well to them, and completely insulates the house from the penetration of cold air and moisture, but the price of such insulation is high. Thermal insulation natural materials- not for everybody. They are cheap, but require significant labor costs.