31. Places of passage and access to technical devices, which require lifting workers or service personnel to a height of up to 0.75 m, are equipped with steps, and at a height above 0.75 m - with stairs with railings. In places where people pass over pipelines located at a height 0.25 m and above from the surface of the earth, platform or floor, transition bridges must be installed, which are equipped with railings if the height of the pipeline is more than 0.75 m.
32. Flight stairs should have a slope of no more 60
degrees (for tanks - no more than 50 degrees), the width of the stairs must be at least 0.65 m, for stairs for carrying heavy loads - at least 1 m. The distance between the steps in height should be no more than 0.25 m. The width of the steps should be at least 0.2 m and have an inward slope of 2 - 5 degrees.
On both sides, the steps must have side strips or side cladding with a height of at least 0.15 m, eliminating the possibility of human feet slipping. Stairs must be equipped with 1 m high railings on both sides.
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 1)
33. Tunnel-type stairs must be metal with a width of at least 0.6 m and have, starting from a height of 2 m, safety arches with a radius of 0.35 - 0.4 m, fastened together with strips. The arcs are located at a distance of no more than 0.8 m from one another. The distance from the most distant point of the arc to the steps should be within 0.7 - 0.8 m.
Stairs must be equipped with intermediate platforms installed at a vertical distance of no more than 6 m from one another.
The distance between the steps of tunnel-type stairs and stepladders should be no more than 0.35 m.
34. Working platforms and service areas located at height must have a flooring made of metal sheets with a non-slip surface or boards with a thickness of at least 0.04 m, and, starting from a height of 0.75 m, railings 1.25 m high with longitudinal strips located at a distance of no more than 0.4 m from each other, and a side with a height of at least 0.15 m, forming a gap of no more than 0.01 m with the flooring for liquid drainage.
45. In places where people cross over rows of pipelines laid on the surface of the ground, as well as over ditches and trenches, transitional walkways with a width of at least 0.65 m with railings at least 1 m high should be installed.
2.3.1. During construction, installation, repair, maintenance and other work at height, ladders are used:
a) attached three-joint sliding doors that meet the requirements of GOST 8556-72;
b) single-arm, inclined, attached, vertical, hinged and free-standing, meeting the requirements of GOST 26887-86;
c) collapsible portable (of seven sections), designed for lifting onto supports with a diameter of 300 - 560 mm to a height of up to 14 m;
d) stepladders, ladders (wooden, metal).
2.3.2. On ladders and stepladders, the inventory number, the date of the next test, and affiliation with the workshop (site, etc.) are indicated: for wooden and metal ones - on bowstrings, for rope ones - on tags attached to them.
2.3.3. The length of ladders should be no more than 5 m.
2.3.4. Extension ladders and stepladders are equipped with a device that prevents them from moving or tipping over during operation. The lower ends of ladders and stepladders should have sharp-pointed fittings for installation on the ground. When using ladders and stepladders on smooth supporting surfaces (parquet, metal, tiles, concrete, etc.), they must be equipped with shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material.
2.3.5. The upper ends of ladders attached to pipes or wires are equipped with special hooks that prevent the ladder from falling due to wind pressure or accidental shocks.
Suspended ladders used to work on structures or wires must have devices that ensure they are firmly secured to the structure.
2.3.6. Ladders and platforms should be installed and secured to the structures being mounted before they are lifted. The dimensions of the extension ladder must ensure that the worker can work while standing on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.
2.3.7. When working with ladder at a height of more than 1.3 m, a safety belt must be used, attached to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided that it is secured to a building or other structure.
2.3.8. Places where ladders are installed in areas of vehicle traffic or organized passage of people must be fenced or guarded during the work.
2.3.9. Splicing of wooden ladders is allowed by firmly connecting them with metal clamps, bolted overlays, etc. followed by a static load test of 1.2 kN (120 kgf).
Splicing more than two wooden ladders is not permitted.
2.3.10. Install additional support structures from boxes, barrels, etc. if the ladder is not long enough, it is not allowed.
2.3.11. The slope of ladders when lifting workers onto scaffolding should not exceed 60 degrees.
2.3.12. Extension ladders without working platforms may be used only for the transition of workers between individual tiers of a building or for performing work that does not require the worker to stand on the ground. building construction building.
2.3.13. Install ladders at an angle of more than 75 degrees. without additional fastening they are not allowed in the upper part.
2.3.14. Stepladders are equipped with devices (hooks, chains) that do not allow them to move apart spontaneously while working with them. The slope of the stepladders should be no more than 1:3.
2.3.15. It is not allowed to work from the top two steps of stepladders that do not have railings or stops.
2.3.16. More than one person is not allowed to be on the steps of a ladder or stepladder.
2.3.17. Raising and lowering a load on a ladder and leaving tools on it is not allowed.
2.3.18. It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and stepladders:
a) near and above rotating mechanisms, working machines, conveyors, etc.;
b) using electric and pneumatic tools, construction and installation guns;
c) when performing gas and electric welding work;
d) when tensioning wires and to support heavy parts at height, etc.
To perform such work, scaffolding and stepladders with upper platforms protected by railings should be used.
2.3.19. It is not allowed to install ladders on flight steps stairwells. To perform work in these conditions, scaffolds should be used.
2.3.20. Before starting work, the stability of the ladder must be ensured, and it must be ensured by inspection and testing that the ladder cannot slip out of place or be accidentally moved.
When installing an extension ladder in conditions where displacement of its upper end is possible, the latter must be securely secured to stable structures.
2.3.21. When working from an extension ladder in places with heavy traffic of vehicles or people, to prevent it from falling from accidental shocks, regardless of the presence of tips at the ends of the ladder, the place of its installation should be fenced or guarded. In cases where it is impossible to secure the ladder when installing it on smooth floor, a worker wearing a helmet should stand at its base and hold the ladder in a stable position. In other cases, supporting the ladder below with your hands is not allowed.
2.3.22. When moving a ladder by two workers, the ladder must be carried with its tips backwards, warning those oncoming to be careful. When carrying a ladder by one worker, it must be in an inclined position so that its front end is raised above the ground by at least 2 m.
2.3.23. For vertical stairs, stairs with an angle of inclination to the horizon of more than 75 degrees. at a height of more than 5 m, starting from a height of 3 m there must be fences in the form of arcs. The arcs should be located at a distance of no more than 0.8 m from one another and connected by at least three longitudinal stripes.
The distance from the stairs to the arc should be at least 0.7 m and no more than 0.8 m with an arc radius of 0.35 - 0.4 m.
2.3.24. Stairs with a height of more than 10 m must be equipped with rest areas at least every 10 m in height.
2.3.25. The use of portable metal ladders in distribution devices voltage 220 kV and lower is not allowed.
2.3.26. In open switchgears with voltages of 330 kV and above, the use of portable metal stairs permitted subject to the following conditions:
a) the ladder must be carried in a horizontal position under the continuous supervision of the work foreman, duty officer or employee from the operational and repair service with an electrical safety group of at least IV;
b) a metal chain must be attached to the ladder, constantly touching the ground.
2.3.27. Stairs with metal reinforcement along the string should be considered metal and their use in electrical installations should be carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 2.3.25, 2.3.26 Regulations.
2.3.28. Stairs and stepladders are inspected by the workman before use (without a log entry).
2.3.29. Ladders must be stored in dry rooms under conditions that prevent accidental mechanical damage.
2.3.30. Platforms hung on stairs or building structures must comply with the requirements of GOST 26887-86.
2.3.31. For the passage of workers performing work on the roof of a building with a slope of more than 20 degrees, as well as on a roof with a coating that is not designed to bear the load from the weight of workers, ladders with transverse bars to rest their feet are installed. The ladders are secured during work.
2.3.32. Gangways and bridges must be rigid and have fastenings that prevent them from moving. The deflection of the decking at the maximum design load should not be more than 20 mm.
2.3.33. If the length of ladders and bridges is more than 3 m, intermediate supports must be installed under them. The width of ladders and bridges must be at least 0.6 m.
2.3.34. Ladders and bridges must have handrails, edges and an intermediate horizontal element. The height of the handrails must be at least 1 m, the side edges - at least 0.15 m, the distance between the handrail posts - no more than 2 m.
2.3.35. Communication between the tiers of scaffolding is carried out via rigidly fixed stairs.
2.3.36. Connecting adjacent sections of aerial scaffolding with transitional platforms, stepladders and ladders is not allowed.
2.3.37. Gangways must be made of metal or boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm. The gangway must have strips with a cross section of 20 x 40 mm to support the feet every 0.3 - 0.4 m.
2.3.38. The width of the gangway must be at least 0.8 m for one-way traffic and at least 1.5 m for two-way traffic and have railings at least 1 m high.
2.3.39. The permissible load is clearly indicated on the gangway.
2.3.40. Installation and removal of fencing and protection equipment should be carried out using a safety belt attached to a safety device or securely installed structures building. Work must be carried out in technological sequence ensuring the safety of work.
Installation and removal of fences must be carried out by specially trained workers under the direct supervision of the work manufacturer.
2.3.1.
During construction, installation, repair, maintenance and other work at height, ladders are used:
a) attached three-joint sliding doors that meet the requirements of GOST 8556 - 72;
b) single-arm, inclined, attached, vertical, hinged and free-standing, meeting the requirements of GOST 26887-86;
c) collapsible portable (of seven sections), designed for lifting onto supports with a diameter of 300-560 mm to a height of up to 14 m;
d) stepladders, ladders (wooden, metal).
2.3.2.
On ladders and stepladders the inventory number, the date of the next test, and the belonging to the workshop (area, etc.) are indicated:
For wooden and metal ones - on bowstrings, for rope ones - on tags attached to them.
2.3.3.
The length of ladders should be no more than 5 m.
2.3.4.
Extension ladders and stepladders are equipped with a device that prevents them from moving or tipping over during operation. The lower ends of ladders and stepladders should have sharp-pointed fittings for installation on the ground. When using ladders and stepladders on smooth supporting surfaces (parquet, metal, tiles, concrete, etc.), they must be equipped with shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material.
2.3.5.
The upper ends of ladders attached to pipes or wires are equipped with special hooks - grips that prevent the ladder from falling due to wind pressure or accidental shocks.
Suspended ladders used to work on structures or wires must have devices that ensure they are firmly secured to the structure.
2.3.6.
Ladders and platforms should be installed and secured to the structures being mounted before they are lifted. The dimensions of the extension ladder must ensure that the worker can work while standing on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.
2.3.7.
When working from an extension ladder at a height of more than 1.3 m, a safety belt must be used, attached to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided it is secured to a building or other structure.
2.3.8.
Places where ladders are installed in areas of vehicle traffic or organized passage of people must be fenced or guarded during the work.
2.3.9.
Splicing of wooden ladders is allowed by firmly connecting them with metal clamps, bolted overlays, etc. followed by a static load test of 1.2 kN (120 kgf).
Splicing more than two wooden ladders is not permitted.
2.3.10.
Install additional support structures from boxes, barrels, etc. if the ladder is not long enough, it is not allowed.
2.3.11.
The slope of ladders when lifting workers onto scaffolding should not exceed 60°.
2.3.12.
Extension ladders without working platforms may be used only for the transition of workers between individual tiers of a building or for performing work that does not require the worker to rest on the building’s building structures.
2.3.13.
Installing ladders at an angle of more than 75° without additional fastening in the upper part is not allowed.
2.3.14.
Stepladders are equipped with devices (hooks, chains) that do not allow them to move apart spontaneously while working from them. The slope of the stepladders should be no more than 1:3.
2.3.15.
It is not allowed to work from the top two steps of stepladders that do not have railings or stops.
2.3.16.
More than one person is not allowed to be on the steps of a ladder or stepladder.
2.3.17.
Raising and lowering a load on a ladder and leaving tools on it is not allowed.
2.3.18.
It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and stepladders:
a) near and above rotating mechanisms, working machines, conveyors, etc.;
b) using electric and pneumatic tools, construction and installation guns;
c) when performing gas and electric welding work;
d) when tensioning wires and to support heavy parts at height, etc.
To perform such work, scaffolding and stepladders with upper platforms protected by railings should be used.
2.3.19.
It is not allowed to install ladders on the steps of staircases. To perform work in these conditions, scaffolds should be used.
2.3.20.
Before starting work, the stability of the ladder must be ensured, and it must be ensured by inspection and testing that the ladder cannot slip out of place or be accidentally moved.
When installing an extension ladder in conditions where displacement of its upper end is possible, the latter must be securely secured to stable structures.
2.3.21.
When working from an extension ladder in places with heavy traffic of vehicles or people, to prevent it from falling from accidental shocks, regardless of the presence of tips at the ends of the ladder, the place of its installation should be fenced or guarded. In cases where it is impossible to secure the ladder when installing it on a smooth floor, a worker wearing a helmet must stand at its base and hold the ladder in a stable position. In other cases, supporting the ladder below with your hands is not allowed.
2.3.22.
When moving a ladder by two workers, the ladder must be carried with its tips backwards, warning those oncoming to be careful. When carrying a ladder by one worker, it must be in an inclined position so that its front end is raised above the ground by at least 2 m.
2.3.23.
Vertical stairs, stairs with an angle of inclination to the horizon of more than 75° and a height of more than 5 m, starting from a height of 3 m, must have guards in the form of arcs. The arcs should be located at a distance of no more than 0.8 m from one another and connected by at least three longitudinal stripes.
The distance from the stairs to the arc should be at least 0.7 m and no more than 0.8 m with an arc radius of 0.35-0.4 m.
2.3.24.
Stairs with a height of more than 10 m must be equipped with rest areas at least every 10 m in height.
2.3.25.
The use of portable metal ladders in switchgears with voltages of 220 kV and below is not permitted.
2.3.26.
In open switchgears with a voltage of 330 kV and above, the use of portable metal ladders is permitted subject to compliance with following conditions:
a) the ladder must be carried in a horizontal position under the continuous supervision of the work foreman, duty officer or employee from the operational and repair service with an electrical safety group of at least IV;
b) a metal chain must be attached to the ladder, constantly touching the ground.
2.3.27.
Stairs with metal reinforcement along the string should be considered metal and their use in electrical installations should be carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 2.3.25, 2.3.26 Regulations.
2.3.28.
Stairs and stepladders are inspected by the workman before use (without a log entry).
2.3.29.
Ladders must be stored in dry rooms under conditions that prevent accidental mechanical damage.
2.3.30.
Platforms hung on stairs or building structures must comply with the requirements of GOST 26887-86.
2.3.31.
For the passage of workers performing work on the roof of a building with a slope of more than 20°, as well as on a roof with a coating that is not designed to bear the load from the weight of workers, ladders with transverse bars to rest their feet are installed. The ladders are secured during work.
2.3.32.
Gangways and bridges must be rigid and have fastenings that prevent them from moving. The deflection of the decking at the maximum design load should not be more than 20 mm.
2.3.33.
If the length of ladders and bridges is more than 3 m, intermediate supports must be installed under them. The width of ladders and bridges must be at least 0.6 m.
2.3.34.
Ladders and bridges must have handrails, edges and an intermediate horizontal element. The height of the handrails must be at least 1 m, the side edges - at least 0.15 m, the distance between the handrail posts - no more than 2 m.
2.3.35.
Communication between the tiers of scaffolding is carried out via rigidly fixed stairs.
2.3.36.
Connecting adjacent sections of aerial scaffolding with transitional platforms, stepladders and ladders is not allowed.
2.3.37.
Gangways must be made of metal or boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm. The gangway should have strips with a cross section of 20 x 40 mm to support the legs every 0.3-0.4 m.
2.3.38.
The width of the gangway must be at least 0.8 m for one-way traffic and at least 1.5 m for two-way traffic and have railings at least 1 m high.
2.3.39.
The permissible load is clearly indicated on the gangway.
2.3.40.
Installation and removal of fencing and protection should be carried out using a safety belt attached to a safety device or to securely installed building structures. Work must be performed in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work.
Installation and removal of fences must be carried out by specially trained workers under the direct supervision of the work manufacturer.
(PB 08-624-03)
1. The distance between individual mechanisms must be at least 1 m, and the width of working passages - 0.75 m. For mobile and block-modular installations and units, the width of working passages is allowed at least 0.5 m.
2. Objects that require a worker to rise to a height of up to 0.75 m to service are equipped with steps, and for heights above 0.75 m - stairs with railings. In places where people pass over pipelines located at a height of 0.25 m or higher from the surface of the ground, platform or floor, transition bridges must be installed, which are equipped with railings if the height of the pipeline is more than 0.75 m.
3. Flight stairs must have a slope of no more than 60° (for tanks - no more than 50°), the width of the stairs must be at least 65 cm, for stairs for carrying heavy loads - at least 1 m. The distance between the steps in height should be no more 25 cm. The steps should have an inward slope of 2-5°.
On both sides, the steps must have side strips or side trim at least 15 cm high, eliminating the possibility of a person’s feet slipping. Stairs must be equipped with 1 m high railings on both sides.
4. Tunnel-type stairs must be metal with a width of at least 60 cm and have, starting from a height of 2 m, safety arches with a radius of 35-40 cm, fastened together with strips. The arcs are located at a distance of no more than 80 cm from one another. The distance from the most distant point of the arc to the steps should be within 70-80 cm.
Stairs must be equipped with intermediate platforms installed at a vertical distance of no more than 6 m from one another.
The distance between the steps of tunnel-type stairs and stepladders should be no more than 35 cm.
5.Working platforms at height must have a flooring made of metal sheets with a surface that prevents slipping, or boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm and, starting from a height of 0.75 m, railings 1.25 m high with longitudinal strips located on a distance of no more than 40 cm from each other, and a side with a height of at least 15 cm, forming a gap of no more than 1 cm with the flooring for liquid drainage.
At maintenance sites completed before the publication of these Rules, it is allowed to drill holes with a diameter of at least 20 mm along the perimeter of the platform deck with a distance between holes of at least 250 mm.
6. Work associated with the danger of a worker falling from a height must be carried out using a safety belt.
7. Safety belts and halyards should be tested at least twice a year with the static load specified in the manufacturer’s operating instructions by a special commission with the execution of a report. In the absence of such data in the operating instructions, the test should be carried out with a static load of 225 kgf for five minutes.
8. For fire and explosion hazardous industries (oil treatment plants, tank farms, etc.) application wooden flooring prohibited.
Temporary use of wooden flooring made from boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm is allowed when carrying out work from scaffolding during the repair of completely stopped equipment and apparatus, buildings and structures.
9.Everything is potential dangerous places Oil and gas production facilities (open tanks, transmissions, etc.) must have fences that block access to them from all sides.
Open the doors of the guards or remove the guards after the equipment or mechanism has completely stopped. Starting the equipment or mechanism is permitted only after all removable parts of the fence have been installed and securely secured.
10. The height of the railings must be at least 1.25 m (for drive belts at least 1.5 m), the height of the lower belt of the fence must be 15 cm, the gaps between individual belts must be no more than 40 cm, and the distance between the axes of adjacent racks - no more than 2.5 m.
When using handrails for drive belts with outside Metal front shields are installed on both pulleys in case of a belt break. It is allowed to use railings to block access to moving parts of equipment and mechanisms if it is possible to install the fences at a distance of more than 35 cm from the danger zone. If this is not possible, the fence should be made solid or mesh.
11. The height of the mesh fencing for moving equipment elements must be at least 1.8 m. Mechanisms with a height of less than 1.8 m are completely enclosed. The size of the mesh cells should be no more than 30´30 mm. The mesh fence must have a metal frame (frame).
GOST 23120-78
Group Zh34
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION
MARKING STAIRS, PLATFORMINGS AND STEEL FENCES
Specifications
Steel flights of steps, stair landings and railings.
Specifications
Date of introduction 1979-01-01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED to the Order of the Red Banner of Labor by the Central Research and Design Institute of Building Metal Structures (TsNIIproektstalkonstruktsiya) of the USSR State Construction Committee
All-Union Scientific Research and Design-Technological Institute (VNIKTIstalkonstruktsiya) Ministry of Installation and Special Construction of the USSR
All-Union State Design Institute for Industrialization of Installation Works (Gipromontazhindustriya) Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR
DEVELOPERS
V.M. Laptev (topic leader), L.A. Peskova, S.I. Bochkova, A.F. Gai, L.M. Dudilovsky, B.A. Shtepa
2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction Affairs dated April 28, 1978 No. 71
3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
|
Designation NTD, |
Item number |
|
GOST 9.032-74 |
2.7 |
|
GOST 380-88 |
2.2 |
|
GOST 2991-85 |
6.7 |
|
GOST 7798-70 |
2.6 |
|
GOST 23118-78 |
Introductory part, 3.1, 7.1 |
|
SNiP II-V.3-72 |
2.6 |
|
SNiP III-18-75 |
2.1, 5.2, 7.1 |
5. REPUBLICATION. May 1992
6. By Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs No. 354 dated February 29, 1984, the validity period was lifted
This standard applies to steel marching stairs, platforms and fences for them, used in industrial buildings and structures erected and operated in areas with a design temperature of minus 65°C and above.
The standard establishes technical requirements for flight stairs with an inclination angle of 45 and 60°, rectangular transition platforms and fences for them, made of cold-formed and hot-rolled profiles and designed for standard live loads of 200, 300 and 400.
Flight stairs, platforms and fences for them must meet all the requirements of GOST 23118 and the requirements set out in the relevant sections of this standard.
1. Main parameters and dimensions
1.1. The main parameters and dimensions of flights of stairs, rectangular platforms and fences for them must correspond to those indicated in Figures 1-4 and Tables 1-4.
An example of a symbol for a brand of flight of stairs (ML) made of a cold-formed profile (X) with stamped steps (W), at an angle of 45° and dimensions of 6 dm and 8 dm:
MLKhSh45-6.8 GOST 23120-78
The same, platforms (PM) made of cold-formed profile with corrugated flooring (F) and dimensions = 9 dm and 6 dm:
PMHF-9.6 GOST 23120-78
The same, the left railing (OGl) of a flight of stairs made of a cold-formed profile without a side element, at an angle of 45° and dimensions = 10 dm and 24 dm;
OGlMLH45-10.24 GOST 23120-78
The same, right guardrail (OGp) with side element (EB):
OGpMLHEb45-10.24 GOST 23120-78
The same, platform fencing made of cold-formed profile with side element and dimensions = 10 dm and = 9 dm:
OGPMHEb-10.9 GOST 23120-78
Flight of stairs
1 - stringer; 2 - stage; 3 - support bar; 4 - support corner; 5 - edge
Damn.1
Venues
1 - beam; 2 - edging element; 3 - flooring; 4 - edge
Damn.2
___________________
*According to KMD drawings.
1.2. Depending on the operating conditions, the steps of flight stairs and decking of rectangular platforms should be made of two types:
1 - solid made of corrugated steel (F);
2 - lattice, versions:
Ш - from stamped elements;
R - from strips on the edge and round steel;
C - from stripes on an edge in one direction;
B - made of expanded steel.
1.3. The types of steps of flight stairs and floorings in rectangular platforms are shown in Figure 5.
1.4. Layout diagrams of flight stairs, platforms and fences are given in the appendix.
Table 1
Dimensions in mm
|
600 |
600 |
||||||
|
1200 |
1200 |
||||||
|
45° |
1800 |
1800 |
600 |
500 |
|||
|
2400 |
2400 |
200 |
200 |
800 |
700 |
||
|
3000 |
3000 |
1000 |
900 |
||||
|
3600 |
3600 |
||||||
|
4200 |
4200 |
||||||
|
600 |
345 |
||||||
|
1200 |
693 |
||||||
|
1800 |
1039 |
||||||
|
2400 |
1386 |
600 |
500 |
||||
|
60° |
3000 |
1732 |
300 |
200 |
|||
|
3600 |
2078 |
800 |
700 |
||||
|
4200 |
2425 |
||||||
|
4800 |
2771 |
||||||
|
5400 |
3118 |
||||||
|
6000 |
3464 |
table 2
mm
|
600; 800; 1000 |
|
|
500; 700; 900 |
2. Technical requirements
2.1. Constructions flights of stairs, platforms and fences for them (hereinafter referred to as structures) should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, SNiP III-18 according to the working drawings of KMD, approved in the prescribed manner.
2.2. Structures should be made of carbon steel class C38/23 of the following grades in accordance with GOST 380:
St3kp - for construction areas with an estimated outside air temperature of minus 40°C and above;
St3Gps - the same, with an estimated outside air temperature below minus 40 to minus 65°C inclusive.
2.3. The maximum deviations of the linear dimensions of structures from the nominal ones, deviations of the shape and location of surfaces from the design ones are given in Table 5.
Stair railing
1 - stand; 2 - handrail, 3 - middle enclosing element; 4 - side element
Damn.3
___________________
*According to KMD drawings.
Site fencing
Damn.4
___________________
*According to KMD drawings.
Table 3
Dimensions in mm
|
45° |
1000 |
From 1697 |
From 479 |
||
|
1200 |
up to 5940 |
up to 790 |
|||
|
140 |
|||||
|
60° |
1000 |
From 1385 |
From 136 |
||
|
1200 |
up to 6930 |
up to 700 |
2.4. Welded connections of elements must be performed mechanized. It is allowed, in the absence of equipment for welding by mechanized methods, to use manual welding.
2.5. Materials for welding must be accepted in accordance with SNiP II-B.3.
Table 4
mm
|
1000; 1200 |
|
|
900; 1200; 1500; 1800; 2100; 2400; 3000; 3600; 4200; 4800; 5400; 6000 |
|
|
140 |
|
|
From 600 to 1300 |
Types of steps of flight stairs and decking platforms
Type 1. Solid (F)
Type 2. Lattice
Execution Ш Execution R
Execution C Execution B
Damn.5
2.6. For bolted connections Bolts of normal accuracy must be used in accordance with GOST 7798 and in accordance with SNiP II-B.3.
2.7. Structures must be primed and painted. Primer and painting must comply with coating class V according to GOST 9.032.
2.8. Factory and installation joints of fencing elements should not have sharp protrusions or edges.
Table 5
mm
|
Nominal size and name of deviation |
Prev. off flight of stairs, landing, fencing of flight of stairs and landing |
Sketch |
|
1. Length; ; up to 1000 incl. |
± 1.6 |
|
|
2. Width St. 1000 to 1600 incl. |
± 2.0 |
Drawing 1-4 |
|
3. Height: |
||
|
St. 1600 to 2500 incl. |
± 2.5 |
|
|
" 2500 " 4000 " |
± 3.0 |
|
|
" 4000 " 8000 " |
± 4.0 |
|
|
4. Distance between ribs in stringers and platform beams |
± 2.0 |
Drawings 1 and 2 |
|
5. Distance between fence posts |
± 2.0 |
Drawings 3 and 4 |
|
6. Inequality of diagonals (non-rectangularity), no more |
4,0 |
|
|
7. Distance between the centers of holes within one group A |
± 1.3 |
|
|
8. Distance between groups of holes A |
± 2.5 |
|
|
9. Deviation from straightness by lenght : |
|
|
|
up to 1000 incl. |
0,8 |
|
|
St. 1000 to 1600 incl. |
1.3 |
|
|
" 1000 " 2500 " |
2,0 |
|
|
" 2500 " 4000 " |
3,0 |
|
|
" 4000 " 8000 " |
5,0 |
3. Completeness
3.1. The structures must be supplied by the manufacturer as a complete set.
The kit should include:
flights of stairs, landings and fences to them;
additional parts for connecting structures;
bolts, nuts and washers (supplied in quantities 10% more than specified in the design drawings);
technical documentation in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23118.
4. Acceptance rules
4.1. Designs to verify compliance with the requirements of this standard must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
4.2. Control of deviations of linear dimensions of structures (including cross-sectional dimensions of rolled profiles) from nominal, deviations of the shape and location of surfaces of parts from design, quality welded joints and preparation of the surface for protective coatings should be carried out before priming the structures.
4.3. Acceptance of structures must be carried out in batches. The batch includes similar structures, manufactured using the same technology, from materials of the same quality.
The batch size is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.
4.4. During random acceptance inspection, 3 designs are selected from the batch. must be subjected to piece-by-piece inspection for compliance with the requirements established by this standard.
4.5. If, when checking the selected structures, there is at least one structure that does not meet the requirements of this standard, a double number of structures from the same batch should be selected and re-tested. If, upon re-inspection, there is at least one design that does not meet the requirements of this standard for one of the indicators, then this batch is rejected and sent for revision.
4.6. The consumer has the right to accept structures, applying the acceptance rules and control methods established by this standard.
5. Control methods
5.1. Monitoring deviations of the linear dimensions of structures from the nominal ones, deviations of the shape and location of surfaces from the design ones should be carried out using universal methods and means.
5.2. Quality control of seams of welded joints and the dimensions of their sections must be carried out in accordance with SNiP III-18.
6. Labeling, packaging, transportation and storage
6.1. Manufactured structures must be marked.
6.2. The structures of staircases and landings must be transported element by element or in packages consisting of several elements. Fencing structures should only be transported in packages.
6.3. The method of connecting structural elements into packages must prevent their mutual displacement and damage during transportation and storage.
6.4. A tag is attached to each package or structure, on which the following markings must be applied:
Order number;
number of the KMD drawing according to which the structure was made.
6.5. Each structural element must be marked symbol brand of the element (without standard designation, see clause 1.1).
6.6. Markings must be applied with indelible paint on the wall of the stringer of the flight of stairs on the right side along the ascent, on the wall of the landing beam and on the upper edge of the handrail of the fence.
6.7. Connecting parts of structures must be supplied along with the structures. By agreement with the customer, it is possible to supply connecting parts separately from structures, in which case they must be packaged in wooden boxes according to GOST 2991.
6.8. The weight of the package should not exceed 3 tons.
6.9. Structures must be transported and stored in stacks in a horizontal position supported on wooden pads and gaskets. The pads must be at least 50 mm thick and at least 100 mm wide. Gaskets must be at least 20 mm thick and at least 100 mm wide.
The height of the stack should be no more than 1.5 m for fences and 2.0 m for marches and platforms.
7. Installation instructions
7.1. Installation of structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23118 and SNiP III-18.
7.2. The installation of structures must ensure their design position, which excludes the formation of a reverse slope of the steps of more than 1°.
8. Manufacturer's warranty
8.1. The manufacturer must ensure that structures comply with the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation, storage and installation established by this standard.
Application
Information
Layout diagrams of flight stairs
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