Everyone who worked construction work, repair, restoration of old doors, windows, window sills, etc., was certainly faced with the need to working surface was even, smooth and sliding. Previously, we took sandpaper in our hands, if the surface was large, then we fixed the sandpaper on a wooden trowel and, stocking up with great patience, began the monotonous, monotonous work of sanding. Now, a lot of devices, so-called grinding machines and machines, have been created to help professionals and amateurs. Using them for certain grinding operations, we make the process of manual labor easier for ourselves by transferring some of the simple functions to the machine. Today we will talk about grinding machines that are used for processing wooden products.
Purpose, classification and areas of application of grinding machines
Grinding machines are used to reduce the surface roughness of workpieces, as well as to obtain exact dimensions. Typically, grinding is the final stage of processing pre-prepared parts.
When working on grinding machines, grinding materials and tools are used.
Sanding materials - special powders, pastes, sandpapers.
TO grinding tools include cutting, polishing and grinding wheels, wheels, bars and segments.
Depending on their purpose, machines are divided into several types:
Cylindrical grinding;
Internal grinding;
Surface grinding;
Specialized grinding machines.
The classification of machines is based on the following characteristics:
Type of surface to be ground (internal or external, cylindrical or flat);
Type of parts that this machine can process (cylinders, shafts, rollers, racks, etc.);
Design features of machines (centerless, planetary, two-column);
Features of the elements of the processed parts (splines, threads, profiles, etc.).
The area in which grinding machines are used is very wide. Latest achievements in the machine tool industry, as well as the production of parts by casting, stamping, rolling, turning and carpentry, it is possible to use grinding machines instead of lathes and milling machines (horizontal boring machines). Nowadays grinding machines can perform the following operations:
Cutting and peeling of workpieces;
Precise processing of various planes, wheel teeth, rotational surfaces, etc.;
Sharpening tools.
Drum grinding machine: purpose and main elements
Drum grinding machine By type it belongs to surface grinders, by class - to calibration ones. The main tool of the machine is grinding wheel, which here is made in the shape of a cylinder (drum). Typically this machine is used for woodworking. Using it, it is very convenient to sand and calibrate boards, slats and other flat and long wooden parts, such as panel surfaces made of chipboard, MDF, solid wood, veneer, etc.
The main elements of a grinding machine drum type are:
The bed on which all the components and parts of the machine are mounted;
The motor ensures the rotation of the grinding and feeding drums;
Sanding drum;
Mechanism for changing the rotation speed of the feed drum
Desktop;
Feed drum;
Protective cover;
Dust removal device;
Height change mechanism sanding drum.
You can see how a drum sanding machine works in the video.
Some models of drum-type grinding machines presented on the Russian market
Today on Russian market Grinding equipment in the drum grinding machines section presents products from various manufacturers. The leading place here is occupied by products under the JET brand. American company JET, part of the Swiss holding WMH Tool Group AG, today presents the following industrial and household drum grinding machines:
JET 10-20 Plus. Price: 25,000 rub.
The drum sander with a total capacity of 500 mm (250 mm x 2) is well suited for a small workshop where space is at a premium.
JET 16-23 Plus. Price: 37,000 rub.
A universal grinding machine with enormous potential and capabilities: manufacturing musical instruments, furniture manufacture, kitchen sets, shop and bar equipment, performing a wide range of carpentry operations.
Double drum sander JET DDS-225. Price: 160,000 rub.
A very powerful machine, suitable for use in production conditions.
The Russian "Tool company "Enkor" is the official dealer of leading foreign manufacturers tools, equipment, machines, etc., offers the Corvette 57 drum grinding machine manufactured in China. The machine is designed to perform preliminary grinding of flat wooden blanks and bringing products to a given size, processing varnished and primed surfaces.
Corvette 57 - drum sanding machine price: 24100 rub.
German company Elmos Werkzeuge, manufacturer of power tools, woodworking equipment, garden equipment, presents its drum grinding machine Elmos DS 163. Price: 16,400 rubles. Designed for use in production as an alternative to hand grinders.
To sum it up brief overview grinding machines that are offered for purchase in the Russian Federation, we can say with confidence that there is a certain choice. You can find machines for use on large production, in small business and for personal use. As they say: “Every whim for your money.”
However, not everyone today is ready to shell out a tidy sum for a grinding machine. And the habit left over from the times of the Soviet Union of doing everything from scrap materials and with their own hands forces modern Kulibins to move their brains, rustle through the underbelly and “the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing” - to produce many useful and necessary things. Moreover, technologically they are not much inferior to their production analogues, but the price is several times cheaper. Below we will look at how to assemble homemade drum grinding machine.
DIY drum grinder
We discussed above what it is useful for, as well as what it should consist of. Therefore, we take a list of the main elements and begin to search and collect them. And then we’ll talk about how to make a drum sander at home
Engine
Let's start with the engine. It's easiest to take from the old one washing machine. If it is there, then half the job is done. From there you can take all the electrical parts, pulleys and belt.
Making a grinding drum
Now about the drum. It can be made from various materials and sometimes seemingly completely unnecessary remnants of repair and construction activities. For example, from wooden rings cut out and glued together, or four cylindrical bars fixed on a metal axis with epoxy glue, or from a paper tube onto which a roll of linoleum is wound.
Here we will take a closer look at making a drum from a piece of PVC pipe. For manufacturing we will need: a steel rod 16-20 mm, a piece PVC pipes diameter 100 mm, wooden plank, screws, rubber, glue. Perhaps that's all. The steel rod will be the axis of the drum. Cut the required size piece from the pipe. It is slightly shorter in length than the rod. We cut out two end caps from wood according to the diameter of the internal section of our PVC pipe. We drill a hole in them for the rod. We insert the plugs into the pipe and secure them with screws. The screw heads must be countersunk. We pass our rod through the holes of the plugs and secure them with epoxy glue. We glue thick rubber on top of the PVC pipe. It will serve as a support for the skin and provide it with a better fit to the part. The drum is ready. You can strengthen the sandpaper using staples or double-sided tape. It is better to glue the tape in a spiral, this will avoid impacts during sanding.
Case and desktop
Wood or aircraft grade 15mm plywood is suitable for the machine body. You can also make a table from them. We make the case simply and unpretentiously: two side panels, a spacer panel in the middle and a desktop consisting of a base firmly attached to the case and a moving part. The work table must be strong and should not bend when the workpiece is pressed against the drum. On the feed side, it can be reinforced with an additional cross member, which will also create a supporting surface for the adjusting screw.
To ensure adjustment of the movement of the working table relative to the drum, we attach its moving part to the base on one side with two hinges or a piano loop, and on the supply side, screw in the adjusting screw through the middle spacer. It is important to know what thread pitch the screw has, then it will be possible to set required thickness processing the part.
Installation
We attach the engine to the lower part of the housing. We bring out its axis through a hole previously made in the body. We install a grinding drum in the upper part of the housing. The drum axis rests on two bearings in cages, which are bolted to the side walls. We make the holes for the clips a little larger in diameter. This will make it easier for us to align the drum. We attach pulleys to the axis of the engine and drum and tighten the drive belt. We install wires and a switch. We screw in the adjusting bolts from the bottom and the clamping bolts on the sides, which will support the desktop at the desired height.
The final touch - the body can be treated with varnish or paint, of course, before installation. Now our homemade drum sander is ready for use. For greater convenience in work, you can add to it protective cover above the drum. Connect the pipe from the vacuum cleaner to the casing. This will remove dust generated during work.
In conclusion. In this article we tried to consider issues related to drum-type grinding machines. And you make the choice to work on a device purchased in a store or make one with my own hands.
For the manufacture of a grinding drum (in common parlance, “bosses”).
A block of 90x60x60 mm is used as a workpiece
diagonals are drawn on it and the center for the faceplate is marked so that it is convenient to center
an 8.5 mm hole is drilled in the center in order to subsequently screw a capercaillie into it (a large turnkey screw. It is advisable to drill it using drilling machine, since in this case the alignment of the hole in the workpiece axis is very important 
We attach the faceplate to the workpiece 
turning the workpiece on a lathe 
We grind it periodically, checking its cylindricity with a caliper (that is, the diameter of the part should be the same in any place). 
As a result, we get this cylindrical part 
into which the “cracker” is screwed. Using a caliper with a depth gauge (you can just use a nail of a suitable length) the depth of the hole is measured, and the “cracker” is shortened to fit it using a grinder. 
Using a long self-tapping screw, coat the walls of the hole with polymer glue. We twist the “cracker” into it and cut off the cap with a grinder, holding it in a vice. 
Then we make a small conductor. We take a piece of plywood and a calibrated block. 
Having attached the boss blank, we mark the position of the block. 
Then, having previously drilled onto the edge (a pair of holes thin drill under the screws), screw the block onto the plywood base. First, one self-tapping screw, then, aligning the block with the square, the second. 
Using another self-tapping screw, we attach our under-drum to the resulting frame. 
Using a circular saw, we select a groove in the drum along the stop (we adjust the offset of the disk so that it does not catch the axle in any case). We do this in several passes, obtaining approximately a 10 mm niche exactly in the center of the drum. 
Then the car “anti-noise” comes into play. Mark 95 mm on it and cut it off stationery knife long piece. 
We wrap our drum with it without going into the groove. 
The excess that overlaps the groove is cut off with the same stationery knife along a smooth block. 
A plank like this is cut out of hard wood (it is slightly narrowed at the bottom). A couple of holes are drilled in it. 
The drum turns around sandpaper. You must try to ensure that it fits into the groove symmetrically. 
The sandpaper is stretched and pressed with this kind of wedge. You can hit it a little with a mallet through a block to immerse it below the grinding surface.
The wedge, plunging into the groove, tightens the sandpaper. All that remains is a pair of self-tapping screws (the holes for them were drilled in advance), we fix the wedge in place.
Ready. the drum is attached either to a drilling machine, or you can clamp it into a vertically mounted drill (there are a lot of options). 
It performs its function "perfectly"
DIY grinding drums for drills. Do-it-yourself sanding drums. Homemade sanding drums. This instructable will show you in detail how to make homemade sanding drums for your drill press. Drums can be made in different diameters, with different sizes sandpaper. The result of simple manipulations can be a decent set of sanding drums, which will allow you to easily carry out any finishing work.
Materials
Wood;
steel rod or bolt;
washers and nuts;
sandpaper;
wood glue;
PVA glue;
ring drills;
rubber bands.
Step 1. First you need to decide on the diameter of the grinding drum. Start from this when choosing a ring drill for further work.
Step 2. Using an annular drill, cut 5 from the board round blanks. Their number may vary, depending on the height of the board itself and the desired height of the drum.
Step 3. Ready wooden circles stack one on top of the other, coating the touching surfaces with PVA glue. Don't use too much glue. Clamp the resulting block, with the surfaces not yet glued, in a vice. Check that no circle is out of line. Clamp the drum blank tightly and leave it in the vice until the glue dries completely. The strength of PVA glue is quite sufficient for this stage, since in the future the drum rings will be attached with a bolt.
Step 4. Be sure to sand the finished wooden drums. Note that what smaller size drum, the more careful the processing should be. After sanding the drums, be sure to remove any dust remaining from sanding from the surface.
Step 5. Drill the drums, choosing a drill bit that matches the size of the rod or bolt you have. After this, insert the bolt into the resulting hole and secure it with washers and nuts.
Step 6. Now it's time final stage. After cleaning the surface of the drums again, coat it with wood glue. Cut out a piece of sandpaper and glue it end to end to the glue-coated surface. Press the paper firmly against the drum with your hands, smooth it out and secure the entire structure with rubber bands.
This instructable will show you in detail how to make homemade sanding drums for your drill press. Drums can be made of different diameters, with different sizes of sandpaper. The result of simple manipulations can be a decent set of sanding drums, which will allow you to easily carry out any finishing work.
Materials
- Wood;
- steel rod or bolt;
- washers and nuts;
- sandpaper;
- wood glue;
- PVA glue;
- ring drills;
- rubber bands.
Step 1. First you need to decide on the diameter of the grinding drum. Start from this when choosing a ring drill for further work.
Step 2. Using a ring drill, cut 5 round blanks from the board. Their number may vary, depending on the height of the board itself and the desired height of the drum.
Step 3. Place the finished wooden circles one on top of the other, coating the touching surfaces with PVA glue. Don't use too much glue. Clamp the resulting block, with the surfaces not yet glued, in a vice. Check that no circle is out of line. Clamp the drum blank tightly and leave it in the vice until the glue dries completely. The strength of PVA glue is quite sufficient for this stage, since in the future the drum rings will be attached with a bolt.
Step 4. Be sure to sand the finished wooden drums. Note that the smaller the drum size, the more thorough the processing must be. After sanding the drums, be sure to remove any dust remaining from sanding from the surface.
Step 5. Drill the drums, choosing a drill bit that matches the size of the rod or bolt you have. After this, insert the bolt into the resulting hole and secure it with washers and nuts.
Step 6. Now it's time for the final stage. After cleaning the surface of the drums again, coat it with wood glue. Cut out a piece of sandpaper and glue it end to end to the glue-coated surface. Press the paper firmly against the drum with your hands, smooth it out and secure the entire structure with rubber bands.
Sanding various wooden parts- a necessity faced by everyone who wants to make repairs in their home, or create some decorative element with their own hands.
Of course, you can sand small parts with regular sandpaper, but to cope with a large amount of work, you should change the sandpaper to a grinding machine. It will help to significantly save time and quickly bring the part into the appropriate form. One of these useful devices is also a drum sander.
Classification and structure
Drum-type grinding devices belong to calibration class machines. This type of grinding machine is most often used for working on wood, but it can also be used to process other materials.
A cylindrical grinding wheel (drum) allows you to calibrate boards and slats of various lengths and configurations. The workpiece can also be made from different materials: Chipboard, veneer, etc.
Structure of the grinding apparatus:
- Cylindrical grinding drum.
- Feeding device.
- Dust removal device.
- Working surface.
- Drum speed converter.
- The motor that drives the grinding cylinder.
- Bed for fastening key components of the machine.
- Drum height regulator.
- Operator protection device.
The main elements of the structure are listed here drum machine. Depending on the specific model of the device and the specifics of its purpose, the configuration may vary slightly.
Main device models
Drum-type machines can be purchased ready-to-use. There are several of the most popular and widespread brands for the production of these devices. It makes sense to present their individual models.
JET Company. The American company specializes in the production of modern machines of the most various types, including drums. Its product line includes several grinding machines with a cylindrical working wheel.
- JET DDS-225. This machine is one of the most powerful devices of this type in the manufacturer’s line. It is used both in home workshops and in small industries. Characteristic– double grinding drum. The cost of this machine is appropriate - from 150,000 rubles.
- JET 10-20 PLUS. Compact grinding device that allows you to process up to 50 centimeters of surfaces. Perfect for small home workshops. The cost does not exceed 25 thousand rubles.
- JET 16-23 PLUS. It is considered one of the most versatile machines of its type. It is used for processing building materials, kitchen appliances and even musical instruments. Most often, such a machine is used in small furniture production enterprises.
Corvette 57. A Chinese-made machine, which is quite different high quality assembly and wide functionality. The machine is designed for grinding flat surfaces wooden blanks and turning parts to the required sizes. The machine has a fairly affordable price - 24 thousand rubles.
In addition to these machines, there are also good options from German manufacturers. It is worth noting that, depending on the price, German companies also offer corresponding sets of capabilities for their devices. The minimum amount for which you can purchase a grinding machine in the basic configuration is 15-16 thousand rubles.
Video: step by step production drum grinding machine.
How to make a grinding machine with your own hands?
If it is not possible to shell out a fairly round sum for decent option drum sander, then you should try to make it yourself. For a person who is well versed in mechanics, this is not too much difficult task. In addition, this way you will be able to save significant financial resources.
In order to assemble a drum sanding machine at home, you need to acquire the following parts:
- Grinding drum. Cylindrical shape the device can be created on the basis of “garbage” building materials. For these purposes, they often use even pieces wooden blocks, which are evenly attached to a special metal axis using glue. In this case, special attention should be paid to the tight fit of these bars to each other. The drum can also be made on the basis of a polyvinyl chloride pipe with a diameter of up to 10 cm, which is placed on an iron rod with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. It should be slightly shorter in length than the rod itself. We insert special plugs with holes for the rod into the ends of the pipe. We recommend securing the plugs with screws. We thread and secure the rod. We wrap a thick layer of rubber onto the pipe, onto which the sandpaper will be attached.
- Engine. It is best to use a working motor from an old washing machine (as well as pulleys, belts, etc.). Optimal power motor should be from 200 to 300 W. It is desirable that the motor is also asynchronous and single-phase. RPM level – 2000-3000.
- Frame. The design should be simple and convenient. It is best for the machine body to consist of two side panels, a spacer and the table itself. Special attention You should pay attention to the strength and rigidity of the work table, which should not be deformed when the workpiece being processed is pressed onto the drum. The desktop must consist of a base and a moving part.
Once the main parts of the machine have been assembled separately, you can begin final assembly the entire apparatus. First of all, you should attach the motor to the bottom of the machine body in place drilled holes. The grinding drum is installed in the upper part of the housing and attached to two bearings, which are located on the side walls of the housing.
Then we attach special pulleys to the drum and motor and tighten the drive belt. After all the necessary preparations with the electrical wires, we fasten the desktop with special bolts that will hold it at the required level. Experts strongly recommend installing a protective casing on the machine.
It is worth noting that self-creation A drum sander also does not come without certain costs. First of all, this concerns your time, but the machine will cost you less than a factory one only if you have a working motor. Without an engine and certain skills to create cheap analogue a branded machine is almost impossible.