The genus Coffee or Coffee trees includes about 40 species of plants of the Rubiaceae family. This evergreen shrubs and trees with shiny leathery leaves up to 5 m high. They bloom white fragrant flowers, collected in brushes, their aroma is reminiscent of jasmine. After flowering, bright red berries are formed, which rarely ripen at home.
Most popular in indoor floriculture species - Arabica Coffee or Arabian Coffee flower. This plant produces ¾ of the world's coffee products. Other types of coffee trees differ in the shape and size of the foliage, as well as the color of the fruit. Among them, the most common are: Congolese, Liberian, narrow-leaf, brush and tall coffee. But they are practically never found as indoor plants.
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How to care for a houseplant Coffee at home
A coffee tree Arabica adapts well to apartment conditions. It feels best on windows facing south, southwest or southeast. The air temperature should be from +15 to +20 °C. Light up to the age of two years requires diffused light, since direct Sun rays delay the development of coffee. Even on plantations, this plant is planted in the shade of other trees.
The coffee tree grows very slowly and only in spring-summer period. Blooms at the age of 3-4 years. To speed up the fruiting period, you can graft a branch from a flowering specimen onto a young seedling, as is done with citrus fruits. They do this during the warm season.
During the period of bud formation, the coffee is placed in the most illuminated area in the room, and after the fruit is set, it is removed to its original place. The flower lasts for one day, but then the next one opens next to it, resulting in flowering that can last from spring to autumn. Flowering coffee tree at home In rare cases, coffee blooms in winter. Turn home plant Arabica coffee is not recommended for uniform foliage growth at this time. The berries ripen within a year; during this period you can harvest about 1 kg of harvest.
Watering and fertilizers. Warm, settled water is used for irrigation. Some gardeners recommend acidifying it a little by adding a few drops lemon juice. Watering for coffee requires moderate watering. The plant is calm about drying out the earthen clod, but in summer it is advisable to water it as the top layer of soil is added, and in winter - about once a week. The lack of moisture is immediately noticeable by the loss of turgor in the leaves. In summer, the soil can be mulched to help it retain water better.
The indoor plant Coffee tree loves spraying; it is advisable to do it in the evening. It would be useful to periodically add leaf fertilizers and growth stimulants to the water: Zircon.
Coffee has virtually no dormant period, so it can be fertilized all year round, approximately once every 10 days in summer and every 20 days in winter. What this plant needs most is nitrogen. best source which is manure. It can be applied immediately when the coffee tree needs replanting.
Replanting a coffee tree
Young plants need to be replanted every year in the spring. From the age of 3 years: once every 2-3 years. It is best to use the transshipment method to avoid damaging the roots. The new coffee container should be no more than 5 cm wider than the previous one. Too large volume will cause increased seedling growth and inhibit flowering. In addition, the risk of flooding the plant will increase.
The soil is selected with a slightly acidic reaction (pH about 5). Commercial soil is suitable for azaleas, saintpaulias, and hydrangeas. You can also prepare the substrate yourself by mixing one part of sand and turf soil with two parts of leaf soil. For plants older than 4 years, one part of peat and humus is added to the composition. 
Transplanting a coffee tree at home You need to put a thick layer of drainage on the bottom of the pot, and a layer on top. Then it is poured new soil so as not to cause burns to the root system, and a seedling is placed on it. Before transplanting, the roots need to be inspected and rotten and dry ones removed. After this, the soil is poured on the sides and on top, it needs to be pressed a little and spilled with settled warm water.
Attention: the root collar must not be buried! It is better to raise it a few centimeters. With subsequent waterings, the coffee will deepen on its own. If after replanting the roots in the top layer of soil are exposed, they can be mulched or a fresh layer of substrate can be added. After waiting a few days, the surface needs to be carefully loosened.
Possible diseases of indoor coffee
Houseplant The coffee tree rarely gets sick or is damaged by pests, however, there are several common problems when growing it. They are mainly associated with a lack of microelements in the soil:
- At nitrogen deficiency the plant develops slowly, new leaves are small, and the lower ones acquire a yellowish tint. In case of a similar problem, it is recommended to feed the coffee with a solution of rotted manure, which is diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. It is also useful to spray the leaves with a solution of urea (1 g per liter of water).
- Phosphorus deficiency is reflected in the fruits. They become deformed and fall off. Leaves may also curl. This is treated by adding superphosphate, which dissolves in hot water.
- When there is little potassium in the soil, new leaves grow deformed and may become covered with brown spots. You can try adding an ash solution to the soil (1 tablespoon per liter of water).
Why can Arabica coffee leaves dry out?
Another problem is the so-called leaf necrosis, which begins with browning of the edge of the leaf blade. The spots then spread throughout the leaf and it falls off.
Possible causes of necrosis:
- Incorrect watering. Necrosis may be associated with excess humidity or prolonged drying of the earthen coma.
- Sudden changes in temperature and drafts: hypothermia, overheating in the sun or use cold water for watering.
- Nutritional deficiencies, including potassium.
Coffee tree propagation
Cuttings
For cuttings, cut off a stem with two pairs of leaves and plant it in a loose substrate, for example, a mixture of perlite and peat. It is necessary to disinfect the soil in advance with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The cuttings are treated with stimulants and planted to a depth of 2 cm so that the leaf petioles below are under the ground. Cover the top of the container with a bag, making small holes in it, and place it in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight. The temperature for rooting is needed at least +25 °C, but not higher than +30 °C. Remove the bag when the cuttings begin to grow.
Propagation by seeds
The coffee tree can be grown from seeds. The soil for this is the same as for transplanting an adult plant. It is spilled with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are treated with the same solution for several hours. Then you need to stratify the seeds in a hot way, that is, put them in water with a temperature of up to 60 ° C, and wait until the water cools down to room temperature. After which you can start sowing. The seeds are laid flat down, watered and covered with film. The temperature for germination is the same as for rooting cuttings - you can use bottom heating.
Where to buy a houseplant Arabica Coffee
Small coffee seedlings are often sold in large hardware stores in the department with indoor plants or ordered on flower websites. Large sizes can be purchased at centers that specialize in gardening and landscape design.
Watch a video about growing a coffee tree at home:
A detailed explanation with photos of why the leaves on the coffee tree turn yellow, dry out and turn black. Treatment of diseases and proper care for a plant at home.
Why do the leaves on the coffee tree turn yellow? This indicates problems with the root system. Roots can rot from excess moisture or dry out from lack of it. In any case, it is necessary to normalize watering. Before the next watering, the soil in the pot should dry out by 3 cm. Experts recommend doing one abundant watering, so that the soil in the pot gets wet to the very bottom, and then watering the flower as the earthen ball dries out. Watering should be done with soft, settled water. Much attention should be paid to spraying.
Coffee tree leaves turn yellow due to lack of light. The plant must be placed near windows on the south side of the house with shading. A southwest or southeast window would be suitable. In winter, you can backlight with a fluorescent lamp.
The leaves of the coffee tree turn yellow if the transplant was carried out incorrectly.. The plant does not tolerate replanting with a complete replacement of the soil. For a flower whose age exceeds 2-3 years, transferring it to a larger pot or replacing the top layer of soil is more suitable. If, nevertheless, it was replanted with a complete replacement of the soil and its leaves turn yellow, the following must be done: place the plant in a greenhouse with high humidity air. To do this, you can take a large plastic bag and wrap it around the tree so that the package does not touch the foliage. Do not fertilize, reduce watering to a minimum. However, you need to spray frequently. At least once a day. Once every 4 days, you can add 2 drops of epin per 1 glass of water or 4 drops of cycron per 1 liter of water to the water for spraying. You need to water it with a solution of cycron once a week. Rehabilitation takes a long time. The plant is then considered recovered when it begins to sprout new foliage, and the old one does not turn yellow.
The leaves turn black and dry if the coffee tree is watered with hard water.. As a result, salts accumulate in the ground, which has an adverse effect on root system. But replanting cannot be carried out with a complete replacement of the soil. It is enough to replace upper layer soil in a pot. Watering should be carried out only with soft, boiled water without sediment.
The leaves of the coffee tree turn black from the accumulation unfavorable factors
. This may be overwatering or drying out of the soil, lack of light, especially in winter. Coffee tree leaf becomes stained Brown if the roots overheat in summer (the plant is on the south side of the house). In the latter case, it is shaded, abundantly sprayed and moderately watered. Old leaves on a coffee tree often turn black and fall off. This is considered the norm. If this happens with young foliage, the owner of the flower needs to change the conditions for growing the flower. For example, increase spraying, water after the top layer of soil dries, replace the top layer in the pot, water only with boiled water.
Brown spots on the leaves of the coffee tree indicate a violation of the watering regime or bad condition soil Watering should be carried out after the top layer of soil has dried. It often accumulates potassium salts from watering with hard water, which adversely affects the root system and the plant as a whole. In this case, either replace the top layer of soil in the pot or transfer it to a fresh substrate.
How to grow a coffee tree from beans, which will be maximally adapted to growing at home?
Many lovers complain that the leaves turn brown. This is typical for indoor conditions with low air humidity in the autumn-winter period. However, this is not a disease. And if the plant is placed in a wide, shallow pan of water, a more favorable microclimate will be created.
Sunburn on leaves from bright sun lack of moisture in the air.
Watering
One of the most important aspects Caring for a coffee tree is watering. If the roots are exposed to standing water, the leaves turn brown and fall off. All water should drain from the roots after watering.
Watering. Regular, abundant in summer. The water should be soft, settled, without lime, warm (a few degrees above room temperature). It is necessary to maintain weak soil acidity. To do this, once a month add 2-3 drops of acetic acid or several crystals of citric acid to the settled water.
Regular spraying will not harm it. Once a week (except for the flowering period), the tree can be given a warm shower.
With excessive watering, root rot often occurs; crusty growths and corking spots appear on the leaves of many plants (it can even cork the entire surface of the leaf). In addition to excess water during watering, the cause of the appearance of such spots can be a sharp change in temperature, a sharp fluctuation in moisture in the substrate (if the soil becomes very dry and you immediately water it abundantly), or lack of light. With the correction of errors in care, the formation of cork spots on the leaves stops. If the most likely cause of coffee leaf spots is overwatering(after all, coffee requires moderate watering in winter), water the substrate once or twice with a suspension of foundationazole (1-2 g per liter of water) - this will help the plant in unfavorable conditions.
To restore the plant’s immunity, it is not forbidden to carry out a cycle of spraying the leaves of the coffee tree with warm water with the addition of “Epin” according to the instructions on the package.
Feeding
In spring and summer, feed regularly (once every 7-10 days), alternating a water infusion of mullein (1:10) with the full complex mineral fertilizers. In the spring you can increase the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, during fruit ripening - phosphorus, in the fall - potassium.
The main pests are scale insects, spider mite, from diseases - sooty fungus. If in winter the temperature in the room where the coffee tree is installed is between 10 - 12 C, then a black border will first appear on the leaves, and why the whole plant will begin to die.
- If the soil is not too acidic, the leaves may become discolored.
- The tips of the leaves dry out when there is a lack of moisture in the air.
- The leaves turn yellow and brown spots of dead tissue appear on them in case of sunburn.
- If overwatered, the leaves rot and fall off.
- When watering with hard water, the tips of the leaves curl slightly and appear on them. brown spots. To prevent this from happening, soften the water using special tablets, or keep a bag of peat in 3 liters of water.
Uneven ripening of coffee fruits, usually in room conditions
How to make coffee bear fruit?
Plants bear fruit only with year-round care, which includes weeding and regular treatment of trees with fungicides and insecticides to protect them from pests and diseases, such as bean borer or coffee rust. Fruit young plant starts in at least two years.
The collected coffee fruits need to be slightly dried and cleared of pulp. collected seeds You can dry it and make coffee.
1. A coffee tree (3 years old) has yellowed leaves at one level and all the sides are brown. The leaves dry out at the ends, then turn yellow and fall off;
Answer: Most likely, insufficient air humidity, but there may also be a problem with the roots. If there is a lot of peat in the ground, then I advise you to replant it. Peat retains moisture very strongly, and in appearance it seems that the earth is completely dry, although inside the water can stand upright...
2. The edges of the lower leaves began to dry out. It stands on the windowsill, it’s very light but there’s no direct sun, I don’t water it too much and spray it regularly, every day. But why do the lower leaves dry out?
Answer: Old leaves should dry out, but the rest may be caused by drafts or irregular watering. The lower leaves, indeed, turn yellow and fall off over time (especially if the tree is already large) - in my opinion, simply from old age, leaves also have a limited lifespan. If only the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, then nothing can be done about it, this is in the order of things. But if the others do too, then we need to look for what the problem is.
3. Two years ago we bought a nice coffee tree, replanted it, it stands on the sunny side, but not in direct rays. After some time, its leaves began to dry out and fly off. This happens even in winter, when the sun does not shine on it at all. Regular watering and spraying. The top was not pinched. It doesn't grow well. Please tell me what to do?
Answer: Coffee requirements are quite simple. You need a very bright place, but not direct sunlight. In partial shade the plant simply will not develop! The leaf problem is most likely caused by overhead watering. This animal is capricious and does not like dryness or waterlogging. The soil for it needs to be selected very carefully; it should not only be acidic, but also moisture-absorbing and permeable at the same time. The solution is to use an “empty” peat substrate and constantly feed it with fertilizer without calcium salts. Coffee leaves dry out from lack of light and humidity. Just in case, inspect the tree and the ground, preferably under a magnifying glass. It may also not grow due to pests.
4. Black spots appeared on the leaves, which then dried out. As a result, my young tree looks very tattered. New and old leaves do not grow at all, but there are buds (they have not changed for a long time). It is clear that the plant is alive, but unhealthy. There has been no improvement or deterioration for 2 months.
Answer: about the stains. They appear on most trees, especially lower leaves. Perhaps this is the result of moving and drafts. Protect your tree from drafts and water and spray warm water. There is no need to trim the leaves; you can carefully trim a spot along the edge of the leaf. On my coffee already large leaves, it branches, but the first little ones are all spotted, although this does not harm the plant. And one more thing - feed it with Emerald, the tree really likes it.
5. A brown border appears on the leaves of the coffee tree (are they drying out?). I have seen on other coffee trees that this happens often. Why does this happen and how to deal with it?
Answer: Coffee is an unassuming tree, but it loves moisture (the earthen ball should not dry out) and is afraid of drafts. If the brown spots are dry, then the likely cause is lack of water. Spray the leaves with warm water as often as possible. If you have time and desire, wash the entire tree (cover the ground with film). Besides, he loves coffee Fresh air. Ventilate the room more often. And yet, the leaves turn yellow and turn black from lack of light. Well, it’s impossible to create at home in winter summer sun! This can only be combated by lowering the temperature while simultaneously moving it to the brightest place. And there may also be potassium starvation (unless you disturb the water balance and do not overdo it with a large dose of fertilizer).
6. Growing coffee from seeds.
Answer: If you have purchased coffee seeds, do not hesitate - sow them, because... coffee beans quickly lose their viability. The seeds are sown in a bowl with damp sand and placed for germination in a warm place with a soil temperature of 24-26 degrees (it is convenient to germinate all kinds of seeds in the refrigerator). The grain germinates in about 30-40 days. The seedlings are transplanted into 7-centimeter pots with equal parts of leaf, turf, humus soil with a small amount of sand (or into a ready-made coffee mixture). After planting, the plant is placed in a shaded place for 12-14 days, and then the tree will need sun and fresh air . Water abundantly in summer, moderately in winter, feed once every 2 months with fertilizer containing horn flour, they say this helps better growth and flowering.
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